Introduction
This "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" ("MD&A") is intended to provide an understanding of our financial condition, changes in financial condition, cash flow, liquidity and results of operations. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and the Risk Factors included in Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q, as well as other cautionary statements and risks described elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. Company background We are a leading payments technology and services provider offering an array of payment solutions to merchants ranging from small and mid-size enterprises to multinational companies and organizations across theAmericas andEurope . As a fully integrated merchant acquirer and payment processor across more than 50 markets and 150 currencies worldwide, we provide competitive solutions that promote business growth, increase customer loyalty and enhance data security in the markets we serve.
Founded in 1989 as an individually owned, independent sales organization inthe United States , by 2012, we had transformed into an international payment processor and merchant acquirer. Today, the Company derives approximately 60% of its revenues from markets outside ofthe United States . Our business operations are located across two segments: theAmericas andEurope ; and are comprised of three sales distribution channels: the Tech-enabled division, the Direct division, and the Traditional division. Our European segment is comprised ofWestern Europe (Spain ,United Kingdom ,Ireland ,Germany andMalta ) andEastern Europe (Poland and theCzech Republic ). OurAmericas segment is comprised ofthe United States ,Canada , andMexico . In bothEurope and theAmericas , our payment technology solutions enable our customers to accept all forms of digital payments, including credit and debit card, gift card, ACH, and other market-specific payment solutions, among other forms of electronic payments, such as market-specific payment solutions. In both segments, we distribute our products and services through a combination of bank referrals, a direct sales force, and specialized integrated solution companies. Our distribution in theAmericas segment also leverages sales agents inthe United States ("Traditional"); in our European segment, we also provide ATM processing services to financial institutions and third-party ATM providers. These segments are evaluated based on their segment profits. For a full discussion on how we calculate segment profit, please refer to Note 18, "Segment Information." Our Tech-enabled division includes our integrated, B2B and eCommerce businesses. Our Direct division includes long-term, exclusive referral relationships with leading financial institutions as well as our direct sales force, such as our direct salespersons and call center representatives. In markets where we do not have an active bank referral network, such asthe United States , our direct sales force represents the entirety of this division. Our Traditional division, unlike our Direct and Tech-enabled divisions, represents a merchant portfolio which is not actively managed by the Company. This division only exists inthe United States , as it represents our heritage independent sales organizations ("ISO") relationships, and its profits are used to invest in our growth opportunities, such as tech-enabled capabilities and M&A.
The majority of our revenue is generated from transaction-based fees, calculated as a percentage of transaction value or as a standard fee per transaction.
We plan to continue to grow our business and improve our operations by expanding market share in our existing markets and entering new markets. In our current markets, we seek to grow our business through broadening our distribution network, leveraging our innovative payment and technology solutions, and acquiring additional merchant portfolios and tech-enabled businesses. We seek to enter new markets through acquisitions and partnerships inLatin America ,Europe , and certain other markets. 35 Table of Contents Executive overview
The Company delivered solid financial performance in the three months ended
Revenue for the three months ended
decrease of 0.3% compared to the three months ended
? decrease was primarily due to the unfavorable impact of changes in foreign
exchange rates, as well as steep decline in payment volumes during the latter
half of March as a result of government restrictions in response to COVID-19.
?
million, 34.1% higher than the three months ended
?
million, 9.0% lower than the three months ended
The Company processed approximately 0.9 billion transactions across the
?
11.6% from the three months ended
COVID-19 Through the end ofFebruary 2020 , consolidated revenue and transaction payment volume showed solid growth as compared to the same period in 2019. However, in early March of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic and related government actions to control its spread began to impact our operating results. Principally in early March, year-over-year volumes began to decline in most of our markets and across most industry verticals. Through the end of the first quarter, weekly payment volumes had declined approximately 30% compared to the same period a year ago. Weekly volumes continued to decline in early April until reaching a low of approximately 40% by mid-April, and then improving over the last two weeks of April compared to the same period last year. In the first quarter of 2020, we implemented a number of business continuity plans and formed a crisis management team to address challenges arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, including those related to the health and safety of our employees and partners, and to minimize disruption to our merchants. Beginning in earlyApril 2020 , we took a number of significant steps to align our cost structure and cash flows with the expected near-term revenue impact of COVID-19. These actions include a series of initiatives to reduce fixed costs up to 25% for the remainder of fiscal 2020 including significant reductions in payroll expenses through a combination of furloughs, terminations, and salary reductions. We also significantly reduced certain non-staff related expenses. In addition, the Company expects to reduce its capital expenditures for 2020 by approximately 75% compared to last year through the deferral of non-critical projects. The current decline in our volumes are less severe than we anticipated at the time we implemented our expense reduction initiatives. We will continue to actively manage our expenses and cash flows based on our revenues as economic activity resumes in our markets.
We expect that the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to adversely impact our business and results of operations through the second quarter and beyond. However, the extent of the impact on our future financial condition and operating results remains highly uncertain. Please refer to "Item 1A. Risk Factors", for additional detail on how COVID-19 may impact our future results.
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Factors impacting our business and results of operations
In general, our revenue is impacted by factors such as global consumer spending trends, foreign exchange rates, the pace of adoption of commerce-enablement and payment solutions, acquisitions and dispositions, types and quantities of products and services provided to enterprises, timing and length of contract renewals, new enterprise wins, retention rates, mix of payment solution types employed by consumers, and changes in card network fees, including interchange rates and size of enterprises served. In addition, we may pursue acquisitions from time to time. These acquisitions could result in redundant costs, such as increased interest expense resulting from any indebtedness incurred to finance any acquisitions, or could require us to incur losses as we restructure or reorganize our operations following these acquisitions. Seasonality We have experienced in the past, and expect to continue to experience, seasonality in our revenues as a result of consumer spending patterns. In both theAmericas andEurope , our revenue has been strongest in our fourth quarter and weakest in our first quarter as many of our merchants experience a seasonal lift during the traditional vacation and holiday months. Operating expenses do not typically fluctuate seasonally. The government restrictions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic have disrupted these typical seasonal patterns.
Foreign currency translation impact on our operations
Our consolidated revenues and expenses are subject to variations caused by the net effect of foreign currency translation on revenues recognized and expenses incurred by our non-U.S. operations. It is difficult to predict the future fluctuations of foreign currency exchange rates and how those fluctuations will impact our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in the future. As a result of the relative size of our international operations, these fluctuations may be material on individual balances. Our revenues and expenses from our international operations are generally denominated in the local currency of the country in which they are derived or incurred. Therefore, the impact of currency fluctuations on our operating results and margins is partially mitigated.
Increased regulations and compliance
We and our merchants are subject to laws and regulations that affect the electronic payments industry in the many countries in which our services are used. Our merchants are subject to numerous laws and regulations applicable to banks, financial institutions, and card issuers inthe United States and abroad, and, consequently, we are at times affected by these foreign, federal, state, and local laws and regulations. A number of our subsidiaries in our European segment hold aPayments Institution ("PI") license, allowing them to operate in theEuropean Union ("EU") member states in which such subsidiaries do business. As a PI, we are subject to regulation and oversight in the applicable EU member states, which includes, among other obligations, a requirement to maintain specific regulatory capital and adhere to certain rules regarding the conduct of our business, including the European Payment Services Directive of 2015 ("PSD2"). PSD2 contains a number of additional regulatory provisions and deadlines, such as provisions relating to Strong Customer Authentication ("SCA"), which requires industry wide systems upgrades. In the second half of 2019, we began updating our systems in preparation for the new SCA compliance requirements, which are planned to go into effect onDecember 31, 2020 . Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, certain regulators have announced extensions to this date and indications are that extensions are being considered in all jurisdictions. From an operations perspective, we remain focused on developing, coordinating and implementing necessary updates with our merchants and third party providers, including hardware vendors, card issuers and the card networks.The EU has also enacted certain legislation relating to the offering of Dynamic Currency Conversion ("DCC") services, which was scheduled to go into effect inApril 2020 . These new rules require additional disclosures to consumers in connection with our DCC product offerings. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, theEU Commission and other national regulators have indicated that enforcement of these regulations will be delayed in order to allow providers additional time to fully implement changes necessary to meet these regulations. Compliance with current and upcoming regulations and compliance deadlines remains a focus for the remainder of 2020 and beyond. 37 Table of Contents Key performance indicators Transactions Processed
"Transactions processed" refers to the number of transactions we processed during any given period of time and is a meaningful indicator of our business and financial performance, as a significant portion of our revenue is driven by the number of transactions we process. In addition, transactions processed provides a valuable measure of the level of economic activity across our merchant base. In ourAmericas segment, transactions include acquiredVisa and Mastercard credit and signature debit, American Express, Discover, UnionPay, PIN-debit, electronic benefit transactions and gift card transactions. In ourEurope segment, transactions include acquiredVisa and Mastercard credit and signature debit, other card network merchant acquiring transactions, and ATM transactions. For the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , we processed approximately 0.9 billion transactions, which included 0.3 billion transactions in theAmericas and 0.6 billion transactions inEurope . This represents an increase of 13.7% in theAmericas and an increase of 10.7% inEurope for an aggregate increase of 11.6% compared to the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 . The increase is primarily driven by organic growth and the increased acceptance and usage of debit cards for many of our large enterprise merchants. Transactions processed in theAmericas andEurope accounted for 30% and 70%, respectively, of the total transactions we processed for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 .
Comparison of results for the three months ended
The following table sets forth the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations in dollars and as a percentage of revenue for the period presented. Three Months Ended Three Months Ended (dollar amounts in thousands) March 31, 2020 % of revenue
March 31, 2019 % of revenue $ change % change Segment revenue: Americas $ 70,872 63.8% $ 69,965 62.7%$ 907 1.3% Europe 40,297 36.2% 41,553 37.3% (1,256) (3.0%) Revenue $ 111,169 100.0% $ 111,518 100.0%$ (349) (0.3%) Operating expenses: Cost of services and products $ 23,129 20.8% $
24,083 21.6%
72,303 65.0% 66,422 59.6% 5,881 8.9% Depreciation and amortization 21,424 19.3%
22,745 20.4% (1,321) (5.8%) Impairment of intangible assets
- 0.0% 6,632 5.9% (6,632) (100.0%) Total operating expenses 116,856 105.1%
119,882 107.5% (3,026) (2.5%) Loss from operations $ (5,687) (5.1%) $ (8,364) (7.5%)$ 2,677 (32.0%) Segment profit: Americas $ 19,960 28.2% $ 14,880 21.3%$ 5,080 34.1% Europe $ 8,823 21.9% $ 9,693 23.3%$ (870) (9.0%) Revenue Revenue was$111.2 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , a decrease of$0.3 million , or 0.3%, compared to the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 , primarily due to the unfavorable impact of government actions related to COVID-19 and the unfavorable impact of changes in foreign exchange rates.Americas segment revenue was$70.9 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , an increase of$0.9 million , or 1.3%, compared to the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 , primarily driven by growth in ourMexico market, offset by the unfavorable impact from government actions related to COVID-19 and changes in foreign exchange rates. 38 Table of ContentsEurope segment revenue was$40.3 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , a decrease of$1.3 million , or 3.0%, compared to the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 , primarily due to the impact of government actions related to COVID-19, the unfavorable impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, and the other income recognized during the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 related to the termination of a marketing alliance agreement with Raiffeisen Bank Polska. Operating expenses
Cost of services and products
Cost of services and products was$23.1 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , a decrease of$0.9 million , or 4.0%, compared to the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 , primarily due to lower processing costs. Our cost of services and products includes both fixed and variable components, with variable components dependent upon payment processing activity. The decrease in cost was due to the variable component from the decrease in payment processing activity.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses were$72.3 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , an increase of$5.9 million , or 8.9%, compared to the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 . The increase was due primarily to the expense recognized in connection with share-based compensation awards granted in 2019 and during the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 and professional fees related to specific business development initiatives for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 .
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization was$21.4 million for the three monthsMarch 31, 2020 , a decrease of$1.3 million , or 5.8%, compared to the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 . This decrease was primarily driven by lower amortization due to accelerated amortization method of merchant contract portfolios and the impairment of certain amortizable intangible assets in 2019.
Interest expense
Interest expense was
Income tax expense
Income tax expense represents federal, state, local and foreign taxes based on income in multiple domestic and foreign jurisdictions. Historically, as a limited liability company treated as a partnership forU.S. federal income tax purposes,EVO, LLC's income was not subject to corporate tax inthe United States , but only on income earned in foreign jurisdictions. Inthe United States , our members were taxed on their proportionate share of income ofEVO, LLC . However, following the Reorganization Transactions, we incur corporate tax at theU.S. federal income tax rate on our share of taxable income ofEVO, LLC . Our income tax expense reflects suchU.S. federal, state and local income tax as well as taxes payable in foreign jurisdictions by certain of our subsidiaries. The Company recorded a tax benefit of$1.9 million in the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 from a partial release of theU.S. interest limitation valuation allowance due to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ("CARES") Act, which was enacted onMarch 27, 2020 , resulting in total income tax benefit of$1.6 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , compared to income tax expense of$1.0 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 . Segment performance
Americas segment profit for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 was$19.9 million , compared to$14.9 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 , an increase of 34.1%. The increase is primarily due to lower expenses from our integration efforts and the impact of an asset impairment charge in the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 .Americas segment profit margin was 28.2% for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , compared to 21.3% for the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 .
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revenue.
Corporate expenses not allocated to a segment were$10.5 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , compared to$7.6 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 . The increase is primarily due to expense recognized in connection with share-based compensation awards and an increase in professional fees related to specific business development initiatives.
Liquidity and capital resources for the three months ended
Overview
We have historically funded our operations primarily with cash flow from operations and, when needed, with borrowings, including under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities. Our principal uses for liquidity have been debt service, capital expenditures, working capital and funds required to finance acquisitions.
We expect to continue to use capital to innovate and advance our products as new technologies emerge and to accommodate new regulatory requirements in the markets in which we process transactions. We expect these strategies to be funded primarily through cash flow from operations and borrowings from our Senior Secured Credit Facilities, as needed. Short-term liquidity needs will primarily be funded through the revolving credit facility portion of our Senior Secured Credit Facilities. To the extent that additional funds are necessary to finance future acquisitions, and to meet our long-term liquidity needs as we continue to execute on our strategy, we anticipate that they will be obtained through additional indebtedness, equity or debt issuances, or both. As ofMarch 31, 2020 , our capacity under the revolving credit facility portion of our Senior Secured Credit Facilities was$200.0 million , with availability of$122.5 million for additional borrowings. OnApril 21, 2020 we completed the offer and sale of shares of Preferred Stock to MDP for an aggregate$150.0 million in gross proceeds. We used$69.3 million of the proceeds to repay the balance on our revolving credit facility. OnMay 5, 2020 , the Company entered into a Limited Waiver ("Limited Waiver") with respect to its Senior Secured Credit Facilities. The Limited Waiver effects certain changes applicable to the Company's revolving credit facility, including: (1) waiver of any default or event of default resulting from noncompliance with the consolidated leverage ratio for the period beginningJune 30, 2020 and ended onSeptember 30, 2021 (such period of time, the "Covenant Waiver Period"), and during the Covenant Waiver Period the Company will be subject to (1) a consolidated leverage ratio of 6.0x for each fiscal quarter from the quarter endedJune 30, 2020 through and includingMarch 31, 2021 , a consolidated leverage ratio of 5.5x for the fiscal quarter endedJune 30, 2021 and a consolidated leverage ratio of 5.25x for the fiscal quarter endedSeptember 30, 2021 and (2) increased limitations on restricted payments and the incurrence of indebtedness. Other than the items noted above, the Limited Waiver does not modify the significant terms of the Senior Secured Credit Facilities. We have structured our operations in a manner to allow for cash to be repatriated through tax-efficient methods using dividends from foreign jurisdictions as our main source of repatriation. We follow local government regulations and contractual restrictions which regulate the nature of cash as well as how much and when dividends can be repatriated. As ofMarch 31, 2020 , cash and cash equivalents of$257.1 million includes cash inthe United States of$93.2 million and$163.9 million in foreign jurisdictions. Ofthe United States cash balances,$91.1 million is considered merchant reserves and settlement-related cash and is therefore unavailable for the Company's use. Of the foreign cash balances,$10.2 million is related to the non-controlling interest portion of our consolidated entities and$57.4 million is available for general purposes. The remaining$96.3 million is considered settlement and merchant reserves related cash and is therefore unable to be repatriated. We do not intend to pay cash dividends on our Class A common stock in the foreseeable future.EVO, Inc. is a holding company that does not conduct any business operations of its own. As a result,EVO, Inc.'s ability to pay cash dividends on its common stock, if any, is dependent upon cash dividends and distributions and other transfers fromEVO, LLC . The amounts available toEVO, Inc. to pay cash dividends are subject to the covenants and distribution restrictions in its 40 Table of Contents subsidiaries' loan agreements. Further,EVO, Inc. may not pay cash dividends to holders of Class A common stock unless it concurrently pays full participating dividends to holders of the Preferred Stock on an "as converted" basis. In connection with our IPO, we entered into the Exchange Agreement with certain of the Continuing LLC Owners, under which these Continuing LLC Owners have the right, from time to time, to exchange their units inEVO, LLC and related shares ofEVO, Inc. for shares of our Class A common stock or, at our option, cash. If we choose to satisfy the exchange in cash, we anticipate that we will fund such exchange through cash from operations, funds available under the revolving portion of our Senior Secured Credit Facilities, equity or debt issuances or a combination thereof. In addition, in connection with the IPO, we entered into a Tax Receivable Agreement ("TRA") with the Continuing LLC Owners. Although the actual timing and amount of any payments that may be made under the TRA will vary, we expect that the payments that we will be required to make to the Continuing LLC Owners will be significant. Any payments made by us to non-controlling LLC owners under the TRA will generally reduce the amount of overall cash flow that might have otherwise been available to us and, to the extent that we are unable to make payments under the TRA for any reason, the unpaid amounts generally will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid by us.
The following table sets forth summary cash flow information for the three
months ended
Three Months Ended March 31, (in thousands) 2020 2019 Net cash used in operating activities$ (26,661) $ (119,613) Net cash used in investing activities (6,857) (9,793) Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (839) 2,941
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (12,635) (3,149) Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
$ (46,992) $ (129,614) Operating activities Net cash used in operating activities was$26.7 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , a decrease of$93.0 million compared to cash used in operating activities of$119.6 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 . This decrease was due primarily to changes in working capital, including the timing of settlement-related assets and liabilities. Investing activities
Net cash used in investing activities was$6.9 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , a decrease of$2.9 million compared to net cash used in investing activities of$9.8 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 . The decrease was primarily due to acquisition-related investments of$3.0 million during the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 . During the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , we did not have any business combinations. Capital expenditures were$5.2 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , a decrease of$1.3 million compared to$6.5 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 . The decrease was due primarily to fewer terminal and software purchases in markets outside ofthe United States . As is customary in those markets, we provide the POS terminal hardware to merchants and charge associated fees related to this hardware. Additionally, our capital expenditures include hardware and software necessary for our data centers, processing platforms, and information security initiatives. Financing activities
Net cash used in financing activities was$0.8 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , a decrease of$3.8 million , compared to net cash provided by financing activities of$2.9 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 . This decrease was primarily due to lower net borrowings under our long-term debt arrangements partially offset by a decrease in distributions to non-controlling interest holders in the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 .
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Senior Secured Credit Facilities
We are party to a borrowing arrangement, referred to as our Senior Secured Credit Facilities, which includes a first lien senior secured credit facility, comprised of a$200.0 million revolving credit facility maturing inJune 2023 , and a$665.0 million term loan maturing inDecember 2023 . In addition, our Senior Secured Credit Facilities also provide us with the option to access incremental credit facilities, refinance the loans with debt incurred outside our Senior Secured Credit Facilities and extend the maturity date of the revolving loans and term loans, subject to certain limitations and terms.
Refer to Note 13, "Long-Term Debt and Lines of Credit", in the notes to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information on our long-term debt and settlement lines of credit.
Settlement lines of credit
We have specialized lines of credit which are restricted for use in funding
settlement. The settlement lines of credit generally have variable interest
rates and are subject to annual review. As of
Contractual obligations Other than changes which occur in the ordinary course of business, as ofMarch 31, 2020 , there were no significant changes to the contractual obligations reported atDecember 31, 2019 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 .
Off-balance sheet transactions
We have not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a material effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
Critical accounting policies
The Company's critical accounting policies have not changed, except for the new accounting pronouncements and the refinements to "Income Taxes" policy as noted below, from those reported as ofDecember 31, 2019 in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 .
New accounting pronouncements
For information regarding new accounting pronouncements, and the impact of these pronouncements on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, if any, refer to Note 1, "Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies", in the notes to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Income taxes
EVO, Inc. is subject toU.S. federal, state, and local income taxes with respect to our allocable share of taxable income ofEVO, LLC and is taxed at the prevailing corporate tax rates. In addition to incurring actual tax expense, we also may make payments under the TRA. We account for the income tax effects and corresponding TRA effects resulting from future taxable purchases of LLC Interests of the Continuing LLC Owners or exchanges of LLC Interests for Class A common stock at the date of the purchase or exchange by recognizing an increase in our deferred tax assets based on enacted tax rates at that time. Further, we evaluate the likelihood that we will realize the benefit represented by the deferred tax assets and, to the extent that we estimate that it is more likely than not that we will not realize the benefit, we reduce the carrying amount of the deferred tax assets with a valuation allowance. The amounts to be recorded for both the deferred tax assets 42
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and the liability for our obligations under the TRA are estimated at the time of any purchase or exchange and are recorded as a reduction to shareholders' equity; the effects of changes in any of our estimates after this date are included in net earnings. Similarly, the effects of subsequent changes in the enacted tax rates are included in net earnings. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that it is expected that these assets are more likely than not to be realized. The Company evaluates the realizability of the deferred tax assets, and to the extent that the Company estimates that it is more likely than not that a benefit will not be realized, the carrying amount of the deferred tax assets is reduced with a valuation allowance. As a part of this evaluation, the Company assesses all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations (including cumulative losses in recent years), to determine whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to realize existing deferred tax assets. The Company has identified objective and verifiable negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses on an unadjusted basis in certain jurisdictions over the preceding twelve quarters endedMarch 31, 2020 . Additionally, the Company has noted a significant decline in the volume of transactions inMarch 2020 compared to the prior year period, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company evaluated both its actual forecasts of future taxable income and its historical core earnings by jurisdiction over the prior twelve quarters, adjusted for certain nonrecurring items. On the basis of this assessment, and after considering future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, and its actual forecasts of future taxable income, the Company established valuation allowances in certain European jurisdictions to reduce the carrying amount of deferred tax assets to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Inthe United States jurisdiction, however, with the exception of the valuation allowance forthe United States interest expense limitation, the Company concluded that its indefinite lived deferred tax assets will be realizable and recorded no valuation allowance. In arriving at this determination, the Company considered both (i) historical core earnings, after adjusting for certain nonrecurring items, and (ii) the projected future profitability of its core operations after taking into account the Company's recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of enacted changes in the application of the interest expense limitation rules beginning in 2022. Inthe United States jurisdiction, the Company's future taxable income projections are derived from historical core operations adjusted for certain non-recurring items, which indicate that the Company will move out of a period of cumulative losses as taxable loss periods are replaced by taxable income periods. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be adjusted if the Company's estimates of the projected future profitability of its core operations are reduced by a level significantly different than the Company's historical revenues and expenses adjusted for certain nonrecurring items. As a secondary measure, the Company compares its adjusted historical core earnings to its actual forecast to ensure that adjusted core earnings are realizable. The future taxable income projections are subject to a high degree of uncertainty and could be impacted, both positively and negatively, by changes in our business or the markets in which we operate. A change in the assessment of the realizability of its deferred tax assets could materially impact our results of operations. Refer to Note 5, "Tax Receivable Agreement" and Note 12, "Income Taxes", in the notes to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the Company's income taxes and the tax receivable
agreement. Inflation
While inflation may impact our revenue and expenses, we believe the effects of inflation, if any, on our results of operations and financial condition have not been significant. However, there can be no assurance that our results of operations and financial condition will not be materially impacted by inflation in the future.
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