Amgen : 2019 Letter to Shareholders

Robert A. Bradway
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Amgen Inc.

Robert A. Bradway, Chairman and
Chief Executive Officer, Amgen Inc.

To My Fellow Shareholders,

As I write this letter, Amgen is approaching a significant milestone: our 40th anniversary. The date was April 8, 1980, when our founders established Applied Molecular Genetics (later shortened to Amgen) in Thousand Oaks, California, to explore new business opportunities made possible by the biotechnology revolution getting underway at that time.

Since then, we've seen hundreds of biotech companies come and go as Amgen flourished. While Thousand Oaks still serves as our global headquarters-and our original building still stands-Amgen ranks today among the largest companies on the Fortune 500, with more than 23,000 employees in 100 countries around the world.

We are proud of what we have accomplished-and eager to do more. We know that an aging global population will require innovative new treatments for illnesses like cancer and heart disease that claim millions of lives and cost society hundreds of billions of dollars each year. The pioneering spirit of Amgen-a hallmark for four decades-gives us confidence that we can play an increasingly important role in the global healthcare ecosystem. By doing so, we are also confident that we can continue to deliver on the commitments that we make to you, our shareholders.

DELIVERING RESULTS

As anticipated, total revenues decreased slightly in 2019 as double-digit, volume-driven growth of many of our newer medicines did not fully offset the decline in sales of our off-patent legacy products, which faced increased competition around the world. Total revenues of $23.4 billion were down 2% from the prior year, with non-GAAP earnings per share rising 3% to a record $14.82.¹ For the full year, Amgen achieved a non-GAAP operating margin of 50.2%,¹ among the highest in our industry, which reflected our ability to manage our efficiency and ongoing productivity gains. We invested more than $4.0 billion¹ in research and development, up 10% from the prior year, as we advanced numerous potential new medicines across all stages of our pipeline.

Total Shareholder Return

2015-2019

We also delivered an attractive return to our shareholders in 2019. Specifically, Amgen delivered a total shareholder return of 28% last year, exceeding the 19% average return of our peer group. Our five-year total shareholder return of 73% also outpaced the average return of our peer group, which delivered a 46% return over the same time period. Looking at an even longer investment horizon, a purchase of $10,000 of Amgen stock the day the company went public in 1983 would have been worth more than $8.6 million as of December 31, 2019, including the reinvestment of dividends. Additionally, in 2019, we returned more than $11 billion to shareholders in the form of dividends and share repurchases.

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Amgen's Response to COVID-19

As a leading global healthcare company and responsible corporate citizen, Amgen is committed to help address the COVID-19 outbreak. We have prioritized the safety of our employees, the continued supply of our medicines to patients, and the health of the communities where we live and work. For current information on our response to this unprecedented situation, please visit www.amgen.com/COVID-19.
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RETURNING TO GROWTH

2019 was a challenging year and one for which we were prepared. Managing the impact of patent expirations on highly successful products is one of the fundamental challenges that all large companies in our industry eventually face. I was pleased to report on an earnings call in January 2020 that we expect to return to top-line growth this year. There are a few factors driving our expected resurgence, including our recently launched products, our ongoing global expansion, our robust pipeline of potential new medicines, and our acquisition of Otezla^®.

Strengthening Our Product Portfolio

We have launched a number of new medicines in recent years that treat some of the world's most serious, prevalent, and costly diseases. We have been able to generate growth from these new products largely through volume gains, rather than price increases. This is critical in an environment in which healthcare systems around the world are wrestling with how to pay for the quality care that aging populations desire.

In 2019, for example, we launched EVENITY^®, the first and only osteoporosis treatment that both increases bone formation and reduces bone loss, thereby rapidly reducing the risk of fracture. Osteoporosis is a major public health crisis affecting millions of people worldwide, especially women. The statistics are staggering. According to the World Health Organization, one in three women worldwide over the age of 50 will suffer a fracture due to osteoporosis. Each year in the U.S. alone, osteoporosis-related fractures account for 432,000 hospital admissions and 180,000 nursing home admissions-and after the first fracture, a woman is five times more likely to suffer another fracture within a year. Amgen has been engaged in the fight against osteoporosis for many years with Prolia^®, our innovative, market-leading anti-resorptive therapy. EVENITY^® gives us another weapon in this fight, and we are encouraged by its early performance and long-term potential.

Acquired Otezla^®, the only oral, non-biologic treatment for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis

We further strengthened our product portfolio in 2019 through the $13.4 billion acquisition of Otezla^®, the only oral, non-biologic treatment for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Otezla^® bolsters our existing inflammation franchise, which includes Enbrel^®, our largest product. Otezla^® sales in 2019 totaled nearly $2 billion, with Amgen booking $178 million of these sales following the close of the acquisition in late November. We acquired the global rights to Otezla^®, which is approved in more than 50 countries, including Amgen's 10 largest markets. Through the acquisition, we also welcomed more than 800 new employees to Amgen and haven't missed a beat for the more than 400,000 patients worldwide who have been treated with Otezla^®. We expect this product to be a key growth driver for us in 2020 and beyond.

EVENITY^® and Otezla^® join a portfolio that includes six medicines that in 2019 each generated annual sales in excess of $500 million and grew at high-single-digit or double-digit rates. Repatha^®, for example, is Amgen's medicine for people with high LDL cholesterol who are at risk for heart attacks and strokes-devastating health events that occur every 40 seconds in the U.S. In 2018, to address access challenges, we made Repatha^® available in the U.S. at 60% less than its original list price. This decision led to 20% sales growth in 2019 as more patients, especially senior citizens in the Medicare program, were able to access this important medicine at a more affordable co-pay.

Launched first two biosimilars in the U.S. to the cancer treatments Avastin^® and Herceptin^®

In addition to new innovative medicines, we are strengthening our product portfolio by leveraging our decades of biomanufacturing experience to bring to patients a reliable supply of high-quality biosimilars, which are typically priced below the originator medicines with which they compete. In 2019, AMGEVITA^™, our biosimilar to the autoimmune disease treatment Humira^®, the world's best-selling medicine, generated more than $200 million in global sales. We also launched our first two biosimilars in the U.S., MVASI^™ and KANJINTI^™, which are biosimilars to the cancer treatments Avastin^® and Herceptin^®, respectively. In total, Amgen biosimilars generated $568 million in 2019 sales and we believe these medicines represent a significant growth opportunity for us over time.

Biosimilars also benefit our business because they free up funds in healthcare budgets that can be redirected toward our innovative medicines. As the number of biosimilars in our portfolio grows, we are increasingly able to have more holistic conversations with healthcare systems about how best to care for the patients they serve-and how to pay for that care. For example, AMGEVITA^™ is highly complementary to Otezla^®, as both medicines treat patients with chronic inflammatory diseases. Similarly, MVASI^™ and KANJINTI^™ complement the many innovative cancer medicines in our portfolio. In 2020, we plan to launch AVSOLA^™, our biosimilar to the inflammation treatment Remicade^®, in the U.S., and we continue to advance several additional biosimilars through our pipeline, including ABP 938, our biosimilar to EYLEA^® for age-related macular degeneration.

Expanding Our Geographic Presence

Announced strategic collaboration to expand oncology business in China and advance our oncology pipeline globally

For much of our 40-year history, Amgen offered its medicines to patients primarily in one market: the U.S. Although the U.S. remains the world's largest pharmaceutical market-and therefore continues to be a top priority for Amgen-the rest of the world offers increasingly compelling opportunities to serve more patients and drive growth. We are especially excited by our prospects in China and Japan, the world's second- and third-largest pharmaceutical markets, respectively.

In 2019, we announced a strategic collaboration with BeiGene -a biotechnology company with a large presence and deep experience in China-to expand Amgen's oncology business there and advance the development of our innovative oncology pipeline globally. In January 2020, as part of the collaboration, Amgen acquired a 20.5% ownership stake in BeiGene for approximately $2.8 billion, while BeiGene will contribute up to $1.25 billion to advance 20 medicines from Amgen's innovative oncology pipeline. We will use data generated from clinical trials in China to support regulatory filings in that country and around the world. Additionally, BeiGene will commercialize select current and future Amgen oncology medicines in China for up to seven years, after which most of these medicines will return to Amgen.

We are committed to serving cancer patients in China, and we expect BeiGene will enable us to have an impact sooner than we could have achieved on our own. Cancer currently claims an estimated 2.3 million lives in China every year and it will only become an even more pressing public health concern as the population ages. Beyond cancer, Amgen will continue to develop and commercialize medicines in China for chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease.

We have built our business in Japan largely through partnerships with local companies, including, most recently, Astellas Pharma. In April 2020, we will assume full ownership of the Amgen Astellas BioPharma joint venture, enabling us to do business in Japan through a wholly owned Amgen subsidiary.

Japan is a 'super-aged' society, with 27% of its population 65 or older-the highest percentage in the world-and it will require ever more innovative medicines to treat diseases associated with the aging process. We've enjoyed great success in Japan with EVENITY^®, for example, the osteoporosis treatment described above. In fact, Japan was the first market in the world where EVENITY^® was launched.

We are confident that our current and emerging portfolio of medicines matches up well with the needs of patients in the Asia-Pacific region-so much so that we expect roughly 25% of our total sales growth to come from this region over the next 10 years.

Advancing Our Pipeline

Moved seven potential new therapies into Phase 1 clinical studies

Over the past five years, we have invested nearly $19 billion¹ in research and development. As of this writing, more than 31,000 patients are enrolled in some 150 clinical trials around the world involving dozens of potential new Amgen medicines. In 2019 alone, we advanced seven potential new therapies into Phase 1 clinical studies, and we submitted Investigational New Drug applications to bring four additional molecules into the clinic. In keeping with our enduring commitment to cutting-edge research-two-thirds of the innovative medicines we currently market are first-in-class therapies-a large majority of our pipeline programs aim to take medicine in new directions and provide substantial new benefits to patients.

Advanced AMG 510, a potential first-in-class medicine for non-small cell lung cancer and other solid tumors

For example, AMG 510 is a potential first-in-class medicine for non-small cell lung cancer and other solid tumors that have a particular genetic mutation known as KRAS G12C. This mutation is found in approximately 13% of non-small cell lung cancers, 3%-5% of colorectal cancers, and 1%-2% of other solid tumors. Cancer researchers have known about KRAS G12C for more than 30 years, but it's long been considered an 'undruggable' target. Amgen scientists were the first to exploit a previously hidden crevice on the surface of the KRAS^G12C protein to engineer a molecule that has demonstrated encouraging results for patients who otherwise currently have very few treatment options. We are studying AMG 510 as a monotherapy and in combination with other cancer therapies, and we expect data from some of these studies to become available later this year.

Amgen is also a pioneer in the development of bispecific T cell engagers, or BiTE^® antibody constructs, which are designed to harness a patient's own immune system to fight cancer. Our pipeline now includes about a dozen BiTE^® molecules directed against both liquid and solid tumors, including multiple myeloma, acute myeloid leukemia, and prostate cancer. We expect to report important data on several of our BiTE^® molecules in 2020.

One in five cancer patients in the U.S. is already being treated with an Amgen medicine, and we are excited to continue building on our strong legacy in oncology. We also recognize that oncology is a very crowded and competitive therapeutic category-good news for patients but challenging for companies that are often pursuing the same promising targets. In response, we have worked hard in recent years to dramatically improve the speed with which we move new drug candidates forward. On average, we have taken three years out of a drug discovery and development cycle that historically has taken anywhere from 10 to 15 years. In some cases, as with AMG 510, we have been moving even faster. We also have become more agile in terms of how we allocate our resources. As new data emerges about our oncology molecules and those being developed by others, we will be clear-eyed in our analysis and quickly adjust our investment levels up or down, as appropriate.

Shortened the drug discovery and development cycle by an average of three years

We also have a number of promising new drug candidates outside of oncology. One of these is tezepelumab, a first-in-class investigational monoclonal antibody for severe asthma, a debilitating disease that affects an estimated 30 million people worldwide-a number that is expected to rise dramatically as more people move to large cities where air pollution is often an unfortunate fact of life. Along with our partner AstraZeneca, we expect to see data from a pivotal Phase 3 clinical trial of tezepelumab by the end of this year.

We also anticipate pivotal Phase 3 data later this year for omecamtiv mecarbil, which we are studying as a treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in collaboration with our partners Cytokinetics and Servier. An estimated 64 million people worldwide are living with heart failure, and roughly half of these patients will die within five years of being diagnosed-meaning there is an urgent need for new treatments.

To learn more about the many potential new medicines in our pipeline, please visit www.amgenpipeline.com.

Pushing the Boundaries of Science

When it comes to research and development, many of our peers have opted to focus largely on development, leaving early-stage research to smaller companies and acquiring drugs only after they have progressed into the later stages of the research and development process. Amgen is taking a very different approach. Just as the creation of recombinant DNA sparked the biotechnology revolution in the 1980s, a new revolution fueled by human genetics and related data is enhancing our understanding of human biology and, with it, our ability to predict and prevent diseases to a previously unimaginable degree. It is critical to Amgen's long-term success that we be a part of this revolution and we believe we are in a position to lead it.

Since our acquisition of Reykjavik-based deCODE Genetics in 2012, we have invested aggressively to strengthen its research infrastructure and expand its data pipeline well beyond Iceland. When it comes to human genetics, the more data, the better-and since becoming an Amgen subsidiary, deCODE has increased the number of participants in its research tenfold. This expansion will continue to accelerate with two major research initiatives launched in 2019. In June, deCODE entered into a collaboration with Intermountain Healthcare, an integrated healthcare delivery network, to analyze the genomes of up to 500,000 Intermountain patients, located primarily in Utah and Idaho. In September, Amgen and deCODE joined the UK Biobank's Whole Genome Sequencing project-the most ambitious effort of its kind yet undertaken. deCODE was selected as one of two providers, along with the Sanger Institute, to sequence the whole genomes of all 500,000 participants in this program.

deCODE entered collaboration with Intermountain Healthcare to analyze the genomes of up to 500,000 Intermountain patients

To complement our strength in human genetics, we have broadened our focus to include other types of human data that can generate deeper insights into disease biology. For example, advances in proteomics now allow us to measure the levels of proteins that are potentially meaningful but present at previously undetectable concentrations in the blood. In collaboration with SomaLogic, a leader in proteomics technology, deCODE has measured the relative levels of about 5,000 different proteins in plasma collected from 37,000 Icelanders whose genomes have been sequenced. To our knowledge, this is the largest proteomics experiment ever conducted. By combining data on proteins, RNA, and genetics, we are beginning to generate insights that will have a profound impact on drug discovery and clinical trials. We are already using this multilayered information to design more efficient clinical trials by identifying patients who are at higher risk for poor outcomes and more likely to benefit from the therapies we are testing.

Acquired Nuevolution, a pioneer in the emerging field of DNA-encoded libraries

In 2019, we also acquired Nuevolution-now Amgen Research Copenhagen-a pioneer and leader in the field of DNA-encoded libraries. In a DNA-encoded library, each compound is tagged with a unique sequence of DNA that functions like a barcode, and mixtures containing billions of unique DNA-tagged compounds can be screened in a single small test tube.

The massive increase in screening power makes it practical to search for extremely rare compounds that can engage targets now considered undruggable. This technology will also advance Amgen's effort to pioneer new types of drug molecules that work through a principle known as induced proximity. While nearly all medicines today achieve their effects by directly engaging a single target, induced proximity agents have multi-specific activity that enable them to function like 'molecular matchmakers.' Instead of trying to tackle difficult drug targets on their own, these molecules can enlist powerful biological mechanisms to get the job done. While this new paradigm is just getting started, we believe it has astonishing potential to treat diseases that currently have few, if any, good treatment options.

OPERATING WITH PURPOSE

Over the course of our 40-year history, Amgen has made a difference in the health of patients around the world by discovering, developing, and bringing to market innovative medicines-and this will continue to be the best way we can contribute to the greater good. We survey thousands of our employees each quarter. Consistently, they are passionate about our mission and values, committed to ethical behavior, and understand how their work individually contributes to Amgen's collective success.

Provided $1.5 billion of our medicines to uninsured or underinsured patients in the U.S. at no cost through the Amgen Safety Net Foundation

If you or someone you know needs help in affording an Amgen medicine, please visit amgensafetynetfoundation.com.

Our people also believe strongly that they work in an environment in which diverse backgrounds and perspectives are welcomed and valued. We have nine employee resource groups at Amgen encompassing thousands of employees worldwide who are dedicated to supporting each other, our business, and the community. These groups represent African Americans, women, veterans, the LGBTQ community, those with disabilities, and early career professionals, among others-and each group is sponsored by one of my direct reports. To give you just one example of the impact our employee resource groups are having, the Amgen Black Employees Network collaborated with our Oncology team in 2019 to create an award-winning educational website about multiple myeloma focused on African Americans, who have more than double the risk of developing this disease than the general population.

Increasingly, our employees want to work for a company with a purpose that goes beyond 'the numbers.' We are fortunate at Amgen to have a core business that is centered on improving human health-a noble purpose to be sure, but we can do more. We know, for example, that too many patients who need medicines struggle to access them. We are committed to responsible pricing practices and, in fact, the net selling price of our medicines declined in 2018 and 2019 globally, as we expect it will again this year. Additionally, in 2019, the Amgen Safety Net Foundation provided nearly $1.5 billion of our medicines to uninsured or underinsured patients in the U.S. at no cost-and nearly $7 billion of our medicines since 2008. We also are working closely with elected officials, insurers, patient groups, and others to advocate for changes in the U.S. healthcare system that will make prescription medicines more accessible and affordable. Outside the U.S., we recently completed our second donation of biologic medicines to low- and middle-income countries around the world through the humanitarian aid organization Direct Relief.

We operate our business in a way that seeks to minimize our impact on the environment. In 2019, Amgen achieved-one year ahead of schedule-targets we set seven years earlier to reduce our carbon emissions and water use, even as our business has significantly expanded during this time period. Later this year, we will establish a new set of environmental targets, which you will be able to see at www.amgen.com/responsibility.

We continue to work on the construction of our second next-generation biomanufacturing facility, located in Rhode Island. This new plant builds on the success of our first such facility in Singapore, which delivers the same output as a traditional manufacturing facility but in a much smaller physical space. Compared with a traditional plant, our Singapore facility each year uses approximately 268,000 less gigajoules of energy and 82,000 fewer cubic meters of water, while also reducing carbon emissions by 8,800 metric tons.

Achieved seven-year targets to reduce carbon emissions and water use ahead of schedule even as our business significantly expanded

Just as we are working to ensure the sustainability of the planet, we are also passionate about ensuring the sustainability of scientific progress. Amgen is in a long-cycle business. A new treatment discovered in our laboratories today might be launched a dozen years from now by future Amgen employees who are still in high school. Toward that end, the Amgen Foundation is focused on inspiring the next generation of innovators by bringing top-notch science education to millions of young people around the world-seven million and counting, in fact.

Launched LabXchange, a virtual learning laboratory, in partnership with the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences

For example, the Amgen Foundation is the exclusive sponsor of the biology lessons offered by Khan Academy, which provides free, world-class educational content online. Since our partnership began in 2015, the number of people accessing Khan Academy's biology lessons has increased eightfold to well over 3 million per month.

Earlier this year, the Amgen Foundation announced a partnership with the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences to launch LabXchange, a virtual learning laboratory that, like the lessons offered by Khan Academy, is available at no cost to anyone worldwide. LabXchange provides the opportunity to practice scientific experiments using interactive simulations of the same cutting-edge equipment found in modern biotech laboratories-from pipettes and high-powered microscopes to centrifuges and spectrophotometers. We believe LabXchange will be especially valuable to those students in schools or countries where teachers lack the resources to provide engaging, hands-on scientific experiences.

The Amgen Foundation also continues to expand its in-classroom programs, including the Amgen Biotech Experience, a two-week, lab-based program that enables high school students to build a better understanding of science and how it applies to making medicines. This program began 30 years ago when a few Amgen scientists in Thousand Oaks, California, partnered with a local biology teacher to engage students at nearby high schools. Since then, more than 800,000 students in 11 countries around the world have participated in the program-and we are delighted that some of them now work at Amgen.

Established in 1991, the Amgen Foundation is the principal channel for Amgen's corporate philanthropy. To date, the Foundation has contributed over $325 million to nonprofit organizations around the world in order to advance excellence in science education and strengthen the communities where Amgen employees live and work. You can learn more about the Amgen Foundation's investment in the next generation of innovators by visiting www.amgeninspires.com.

WORKING TOWARD A HEALTHIER FUTURE

As I reflect on the past 40 years at Amgen and consider the next 40, I am struck both by the incredible medical progress that's been made over time and by how much hard work is still left to be done. Cancer is a good example.

At our founding in 1980, the death rate for cancer in the U.S. was on the rise and wouldn't reach its peak until 1991. Since then, according to the American Cancer Society, the cancer death rate has been steadily declining, falling 27% in aggregate over the past 25 years. Fully half of this remarkable decline is attributed to the growing number of innovative cancer medicines that have become available to patients. Can all of us at Amgen be proud of the contributions we've made to dramatically improving cancer care? Absolutely. Is it time to declare mission accomplished? Absolutely not. Not when cancer will claim over 600,000 lives in the U.S. this year-and nearly 9 million more lives around the world. Not when the five-year survival rate for many common cancers remains below 50%. Not when new cancer medicines are seen as significant advances when they extend life for a few months, rather than for several years. Not when cancer costs the world more than $1 trillion every year.

We enter our fifth decade at Amgen more confident than ever in our ability to make a difference against cancer and many other of the world's most serious illnesses. By doing so, we will not only change the lives of tens of millions of patients but also create more opportunities for our employees, strengthen the communities where we live and work, and create long-term shareholder value.

On behalf of Amgen's board of directors, our senior leadership team, and our employees around the world, I thank you for your continued support of our company and the important work we do.

Robert A. Bradway
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

March 18, 2020