The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. In this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, or Quarterly Report, we use the terms, the "Company," "CoreCivic ," "we," "us," and "our" to refer toCoreCivic, Inc. and its subsidiaries unless context indicates otherwise. This Quarterly Report contains statements as to our beliefs and expectations of the outcome of future events that are forward-looking statements as defined within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. All statements other than statements of current or historical fact contained herein, including statements regarding our future financial position, business strategy, budgets, projected costs and plans, and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words "anticipate," "believe," "continue," "could," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "plan," "projects," "will," and similar expressions, as they relate to us, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the statements made. These include, but are not limited to, the risks and uncertainties associated with:
• the duration of the federal government's denial of entry at the United
States southern border to asylum-seekers and anyone crossing the southern
border without proper documentation or authority in an effort to contain
the spread of the novel coronavirus, or COVID-19;
• government and staff responses to staff or residents testing positive for
COVID-19 within public and private correctional, detention and reentry
facilities, including the facilities we operate; • the location and duration of shelter in place orders and other
restrictions associated with COVID-19 that disrupt the criminal justice
system, along with government policies on prosecutions and newly ordered
legal restrictions that affect the number of people placed in correctional, detention, and reentry facilities;
• general economic and market conditions, including, but not limited to, the
impact governmental budgets can have on our contract renewals and renegotiations, per diem rates, and occupancy;
• fluctuations in our operating results because of, among other things,
changes in occupancy levels, competition, contract renegotiations or
terminations, increases in costs of operations, fluctuations in interest
rates and risks of operations; • our ability to obtain and maintain correctional, detention, and
residential reentry facility management contracts because of reasons
including, but not limited to, sufficient governmental appropriations,
contract compliance, negative publicity and effects of inmate disturbances;
• changes in the privatization of the corrections and detention industry,
the acceptance of our services, the timing of the opening of new
facilities and the commencement of new management contracts (including the
extent and pace at which new contracts are utilized), as well as our ability to utilize available beds;
• changes in government policy, legislation and regulations that affect
utilization of the private sector for corrections, detention, and
residential reentry services, in general, or our business, in particular,
including, but not limited to, the continued utilization of the South
Texas Family Residential Center by
Enforcement, or ICE, under terms of the current contract, and the impact
of any changes to immigration reform and sentencing laws. (our company
does not, under longstanding policy, lobby for or against policies or legislation that would determine the basis for, or duration of, an individual's incarceration or detention);
• our ability to successfully identify and consummate future development and
acquisition opportunities and our ability to successfully integrate the
operations of our completed acquisitions and realize projected returns resulting therefrom; 19
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- • our ability to meet and maintain qualification for taxation as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for years the Company elected REIT status;
• whether revoking our REIT election and our revised capital allocation
strategy can be implemented in a cost effective manner that provides the
expected benefits, including facilitating our planned debt reduction
initiative and planned return of capital to shareholders;
• our ability to identify and consummate the sale of certain non-core assets
at attractive prices;
• our ability, following the revocation of our REIT election, to identify
and initiate service opportunities that were unavailable under the REIT structure; and
• the availability of debt and equity financing on terms that are favorable
to us, or at all.
Any or all of our forward-looking statements in this quarterly report may turn out to be inaccurate. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, and financial needs. Our statements can be affected by inaccurate assumptions we might make or by known or unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including the risks, uncertainties, and assumptions described in "Item 1A Risk Factors" disclosed in Part II of this Quarterly Report, as well as in our Annual Report on Form 10-K as of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 filed with theSecurities and Exchange Commission , or theSEC , onFebruary 20, 2020 , or the 2019 Form 10-K, and in other reports, documents, and other information we file with theSEC from time to time. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. New risks and uncertainties arise from time to time, and it is impossible for us to predict these events or how they may affect us. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report, except as may be required by law. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements.
OVERVIEW
The Company
We are a diversified government solutions company with the scale and experience needed to solve tough government challenges in flexible, cost-effective ways. Through three segments, CoreCivic Safety,CoreCivic Community , andCoreCivic Properties , we provide a broad range of solutions to government partners that serve the public good through corrections and detention management, a network of residential reentry centers to help address America's recidivism crisis, and government real estate solutions. We have been a flexible and dependable partner for government for more than 35 years. Our employees are driven by a deep sense of service, high standards of professionalism and a responsibility to help government better the public good. We are the nation's largest owner of partnership correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities and one of the largest prison operators inthe United States . We also believe we are the largest private owner of real estate used byU.S. government agencies. As ofJune 30, 2020 , through ourCoreCivic Safety segment, we operated 49 correctional and detention facilities, 42 of which we owned, with a total design capacity of approximately 72,000 beds. Through ourCoreCivic Community segment, we owned and operated 27 residential reentry centers with a total design capacity of approximately 5,000 beds. In addition, through ourCoreCivic Properties segment, we owned 57 properties for lease to third parties and used by government agencies, totaling 3.3 million square feet. In addition to providing fundamental residential services, our correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities offer a variety of rehabilitation and educational programs, including basic education, faith-based services, life skills and employment training, and substance abuse treatment. These services are intended to help reduce recidivism and to prepare offenders for their successful reentry into society upon their release. We also provide or make available to offenders certain health care (including medical, dental, and mental health services), food services, and work and recreational programs. We are aMaryland corporation formed in 1983. Our principal executive offices are located at5501 Virginia Way ,Brentwood, Tennessee , 37027, and our telephone number at that location is (615) 263-3000. Our website address is www.corecivic.com. We make our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, definitive proxy statements, and amendments to those reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, available on our website, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after these reports are filed with or furnished to theSEC . Information contained on our website is not part of this Quarterly Report. We began operating as a REIT effectiveJanuary 1, 2013 . We provide services and conduct other business activities through taxable REIT subsidiaries, or TRSs. A TRS is a subsidiary of a REIT that is subject to applicable corporate income tax and certain qualification requirements. Our use of TRSs enables us to comply with REIT qualification requirements while providing correctional 20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- services at facilities we own and at facilities owned by our government partners and to engage in certain other business operations. A TRS is not subject to the distribution requirements applicable to REITs so it may retain income generated by its operations for reinvestment.
As a REIT, we generally are not subject to federal income taxes on our REIT taxable income and gains that we distribute to our stockholders, including the income derived from our real estate and dividends we earn from our TRSs. However, our TRSs will be required to pay income taxes on their earnings at regular corporate income tax rates.
As a REIT, we generally are required to distribute annually to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding net capital gains). Our REIT taxable income will not typically include income earned by our TRSs except to the extent our TRSs pay dividends to the REIT. OnJune 17, 2020 , we announced that our Board of Directors, or BOD, was evaluating corporate structure and capital allocation alternatives. Concurrently, the BOD suspended our quarterly dividend while we assessed how best to use our free cash flow to build shareholder value, maintain service excellence, and offer and implement unique solutions for our government partners and the communities in which we serve. OnAugust 5, 2020 , we announced that the BOD concluded its analysis and unanimously approved a plan to revoke our REIT election and become a taxableC Corporation , effectiveJanuary 1, 2021 . As a result, we will no longer be required to operate under REIT rules, including the requirement to distribute at least 90% of our taxable income to our stockholders, which will provide us with greater flexibility to use our free cash flow. BeginningJanuary 1, 2021 , we will be subject to federal and state income taxes on our taxable income at applicable tax rates, and will no longer be entitled to a tax deduction for dividends paid. We will continue to operate as a REIT for the remainder of the 2020 tax year, and existing REIT requirements and limitations, including those established by our organizational documents, will remain in place untilJanuary 1, 2021 . The BOD also announced that we are discontinuing our quarterly dividend and prioritizing the allocation of our free cash flow to debt reduction. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES The consolidated financial statements in this report are prepared in conformity withU.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. As such, we are required to make certain estimates, judgments, and assumptions that we believe are reasonable based upon the information available. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. A summary of our significant accounting policies is described in our 2019 Form 10-K. The significant accounting policies and estimates which we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results include the following: Asset impairments. The primary risk we face for asset impairment charges, excluding goodwill, is associated with facilities we own. As ofJune 30, 2020 , we had$2.7 billion in property and equipment, including$133.6 million in long-lived assets, excluding equipment, at five idled CoreCivic Safety correctional facilities. The impairment analyses we performed for each of these facilities excluded the net book value of equipment, as a substantial portion of the equipment is easily transferrable to other company-owned facilities without significant cost. The carrying values of the five idled correctional facilities as ofJune 30, 2020 were as follows (in thousands):Prairie Correctional Facility $ 14,473 Huerfano County Correctional Center 15,949Diamondback Correctional Facility 38,860 Marion Adjustment Center 11,142Kit Carson Correctional Center 53,158$ 133,582 As ofJune 30, 2020 , we also had one idled non-core facility in our Safety segment containing 240 beds with a total net book value of$3.2 million ; three facilities in our Community segment, including two that became idle during 2020, containing an aggregate of 549 beds with a total net book value of$11.3 million ; and three previously leased residential reentry centers in our Properties segment containing an aggregate of 430 beds with a total net book value of$9.2 million . We incurred operating expenses at these idled facilities of approximately$2.0 million and$1.7 million for the period they were idle during the three months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We incurred operating expenses at these idled facilities of approximately$4.0 million and$3.6 million for the period they were idle during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. 21 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OnApril 15, 2020 , we sold an idled facility in our Community segment, containing 92 beds, for a gross sales price of$1.6 million . In anticipation of the sale, we reported an impairment charge of$0.5 million in the first quarter of 2020 based on the realizable value resulting from the sale. OnMay 26, 2020 , we sold an idled non-core facility in our Safety segment, containing 200 beds with a net book value of$0.5 million at the time of the sale, for net proceeds of$3.3 million . The gain on the sale of approximately$2.8 million was recognized in the second quarter of 2020. During the third quarter of 2020, predominately due to a lower number of inmate populations in the state ofOklahoma resulting from COVID-19, combined with the consequential impact of COVID-19 on the State's budget, we agreed with the State to idle our 1,692-bedCimarron Correctional Facility in our CoreCivic Safety segment during the third quarter of 2020. As ofJune 30, 2020 , the net book value of the Cimarron facility was$73.3 million .CoreCivic Community also transferred the remaining resident populations at our 390-bed Tulsa Transitional Center toOklahoma's system, idling theTulsa facility during the third quarter of 2020. As ofJune 30, 2020 , the net book value of theTulsa facility was$2.4 million . We evaluate the recoverability of the carrying values of our long-lived assets, other than goodwill, when events suggest that an impairment may have occurred. Such events primarily include, but are not limited to, the termination of a management contract, a significant decrease in populations within a facility we own, and the expiration and non-renewal of lease agreements in ourCoreCivic Properties segment. Accordingly, we tested each of the idled properties for impairment when we were notified by the respective customers or tenants that they would no longer be utilizing such facility or property. We re-perform the impairment analyses on an annual basis for each of the idle facilities as well as any other properties with indicators of impairment. In performing our annual impairment analyses, the estimates of recoverability are initially based on projected undiscounted cash flows that are comparable to historical cash flows from management contracts or lease agreements at facilities similar to the idled facilities, including historical operations for the idled facilities when such facilities were operating. Our impairment evaluations also take into consideration our historical experience in securing new management contracts to utilize correctional facilities that had been previously idled for substantial periods of time. Such previously idled correctional facilities are currently being operated under contracts that continue to generate cash flows resulting in the recoverability of the net book value of the previously idled facilities by material amounts. We also perform sensitivity analyses that consider reductions to such cash flows. Our sensitivity analyses included reductions in projected cash flows by as much as half of the historical cash flows generated by the respective facility as well as prolonged periods of vacancies. As a result of our analyses, we reported an impairment charge of$9.8 million on one of the residential reentry facilities inOklahoma , based on its anticipated use as a commercial real estate property rather than a reentry facility. The fair value measurement for theOklahoma residential reentry facility was estimated using unobservable Level 3 inputs, as defined in Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, 820, "Fair Value Measurement," using market comparable data for similar properties in the local market. We also evaluate on a quarterly basis market developments for the potential utilization of each of these facilities in order to identify events that may cause us to reconsider our most recent assumptions. Such events could include negotiations with a prospective customer for the utilization of an idle facility at terms significantly less favorable than those used in our most recent impairment analysis, or changes in legislation surrounding a particular facility that could impact our ability to care for certain types of populations at such facility, or a demolition or substantial renovation of a facility. Further, a substantial increase in the number of available beds at other facilities we own could lead to a deterioration in market conditions and cash flows that we might be able to obtain under a new contract at our idle facilities. Although they are not frequently received, an unsolicited offer to purchase, or an agreement to sell, any of our idle facilities at amounts that are less than the carrying value could also cause us to reconsider the assumptions used in our most recent impairment analysis. We can provide no assurance that we will be able to secure agreements to utilize our idle properties, or that we will not incur impairment charges in the future. By their nature, these estimates contain uncertainties with respect to the extent and timing of the respective cash flows due to potential delays or material changes to historical terms and conditions in contracts with prospective customers that could impact the estimate of cash flows. With respect to idle correctional facilities, we believe the long-term trends favor an increase in the utilization of our correctional facilities and management services. This belief is based on our experience in working with governmental agencies faced with significant budgetary challenges, which is a primary contributing factor to the lack of appropriated funding since 2009 to build new bed capacity by the federal and state governments with which we partner. Due to a variety of factors, the lead time to negotiate contracts with our federal and state partners to utilize idle bed capacity at correctional facilities is generally lengthy. Goodwill Impairments - As ofJune 30, 2020 , we had$48.6 million of goodwill, established in connection with multiple business combination transactions. We evaluate the carrying value of goodwill annually and whenever circumstances indicate the carrying value of goodwill may be impaired. Under the provisions of Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, 2017-04, "Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test of Goodwill Impairment," we perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less 22 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, we determine it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then we perform a quantitative impairment test. If a quantitative test is required, we perform an assessment to identify the existence of impairment and to measure the excess of a reporting unit's carrying amount over its fair value by using a combination of various common valuation techniques, including the income approach and market approach. The income valuation approach includes certain significant assumptions impacting projected future cash flows, such as projected revenue, projected operating costs, and the weighted average cost of capital, which are affected by expectations about future market or economic conditions. By their nature, valuation techniques are subject to considerable judgment and require estimates of future cash flows as well as other factors, which are often difficult to predict. Estimated fair values could change if there are changes in our capital structure, cost of debt, interest rates, capital expenditure levels, operating cash flows, or market capitalization. Accordingly, we may incur goodwill impairment charges in the future. During the third quarter of 2020, we provided notice to our customers at two managed-only facilities of our intent to terminate the contracts. We expect to transition operations of both the 1,046-bedSilverdale Detention Center and the 1,348-bedMetro-Davidson County Detention Facility in the fourth quarter of 2020. As a result of these expected contract terminations, during the second quarter of 2020, we recognized goodwill impairments of$2.0 million associated with these two managed-only facilities' reporting units. We have continued to monitor the impact of COVID-19 with respect to the projections and assumptions used for our annual assessment performed in the fourth quarter of 2019. As ofJune 30, 2020 , we concluded that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting units exceeded their carrying values (with the exception of the impact of the contract terminations discussed above on two managed-only reporting units). However, the long-term impacts of COVID-19, if any, on future cash flows are difficult to predict. We can provide no assurance that goodwill impairments will not occur in the future as a result of the impact of COVID-19 or otherwise. We will conduct additional impairment tests if, and when, warranted by the impact of COVID-19 on our reporting units. Self-funded insurance reserves. As ofJune 30, 2020 , we had$47.0 million in accrued liabilities for employee health, workers' compensation, and automobile insurance claims. We are significantly self-insured for employee health, workers' compensation, and automobile liability insurance claims. As such, our insurance expense is largely dependent on claims experience and our ability to control our claims. We have consistently accrued the estimated liability for employee health insurance claims based on our history of claims experience and the estimated time lag between the incident date and the date we pay the claims. We have accrued the estimated liability for workers' compensation claims based on an actuarial valuation of the outstanding liabilities, discounted to the net present value of the outstanding liabilities, using a combination of actuarial methods used to project ultimate losses, and our automobile insurance claims based on estimated development factors on claims incurred. The liability for employee health, workers' compensation, and automobile insurance includes estimates for both claims incurred and for claims incurred but not reported. These estimates could change in the future. It is possible that future cash flows and results of operations could be materially affected by changes in our assumptions, new developments, or by the effectiveness of our strategies. Legal reserves. As ofJune 30, 2020 , we had$15.5 million in accrued liabilities under the provisions of ASC Subtopic 450-20, "Loss Contingencies," related to certain claims and legal proceedings in which we are involved. We have accrued our best estimate of the probable costs for the resolution of these claims. In addition, we are subject to current and potential future claims and legal proceedings for which little or no accrual has been reflected because our current assessment of the potential exposure is nominal. These estimates have been developed in consultation with our General Counsel's office and, as appropriate, outside counsel handling these matters, and are based upon an analysis of potential results, assuming a combination of litigation and settlement strategies. It is possible that future cash flows and results of operations could be materially affected by changes in our assumptions, new developments, or by the effectiveness of our litigation and settlement strategies. 23 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Our results of operations are impacted by the number of correctional and detention facilities we operated, including 42 we owned and seven owned by our government partners (CoreCivic Safety), the number of residential reentry centers we owned and operated (CoreCivic Community ), the number of facilities we leased to other operators (CoreCivic Properties ), and the facilities we owned that were not in operation. The following table sets forth the changes in the number of facilities operated for the periods presented: Effective CoreCivic Date Safety Community Properties Total Facilities as of December 31, 2018 51 26 27 104 Acquisition of theSouth Raleigh Reentry Center in North Carolina February 2019 - 1 - 1 Acquisition of a leased property in Michigan May 2019 - - 1 1 Sale of a leased property in Pennsylvania June 2019 - - (1 ) (1 )
Acquisition of certain assets of
Rehabilitation Services, Inc. December 2019 - 2 - 2 Lease of the Southeast Correctional Complex December 2019 (1 ) - 1 - Facilities as of December 31, 2019 50 29 28 107 Acquisition of a portfolio of government- leased properties January 2020 - - 28 28 Commencement of theLansing Correctional Facility lease January 2020 - - 1 1 Termination of contract and lease of a Colorado reentry center January 2020 - (1 ) - (1 ) Sale of an idled residential reentry center in Arizona April 2020 - (1 ) - (1 ) Sale of an idled non-core facility in Tennessee May 2020 (1 ) - - (1 ) Facilities as of June 30, 2020 49 27 57 133
Three and Six Months Ended
Net income attributable to common stockholders was$22.2 million , or$0.18 per diluted share, for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 , compared with net income attributable to common stockholders of$48.6 million , or$0.41 per diluted share, for the three months endedJune 30, 2019 . Net income attributable to common stockholders was$54.2 million , or$0.45 per diluted share, for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 , compared with net income attributable to common stockholders of$97.9 million , or$0.82 per diluted share, for the six months endedJune 30, 2019 . Financial results for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 reflected several special items, including$8.2 million of expenses associated with COVID-19,$11.7 million of asset impairments,$0.3 million for the evaluation of corporate structure alternatives, and a gain on sale of assets of$2.8 million . In addition to the special items reflected in the financial results for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 , financial results for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 also included a non-recurring deferred tax expense of$3.1 million reported during the first quarter of 2020. Financial results for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2019 included$4.7 million of asset impairments and$2.7 million of start-up expenses associated with the activation of two previously idled facilities, as further described hereafter. 24 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Our Current Operations
Our ongoing operations are organized into three principal business segments:
• CoreCivic Safety segment, consisting of the 49 correctional and detention
facilities that are owned, or controlled via a long-term lease, and managed
by
by third parties but managed by
the operating results of our subsidiary that provides transportation
services to governmental agencies,
•
centers that are owned, or controlled via a long-term lease, and managed by
electronic monitoring and case management services.
•
owned byCoreCivic for lease to third parties and used by government agencies.
For the three and six months ended
For the Three Months Ended For the Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2020 2019 2020 2019 Segment: Safety 83.8 % 85.3 % 83.4 % 85.2 % Community 3.2 % 5.3 % 4.0 % 5.2 % Properties 13.0 % 9.4 % 12.6 % 9.6 % Facility Operations A key performance indicator we use to measure the revenue and expenses associated with the operation of the correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities we own or manage is expressed in terms of a compensated man-day, which represents the revenue we generate and expenses we incur for one offender for one calendar day. Revenue and expenses per compensated man-day are computed by dividing facility revenue and expenses by the total number of compensated man-days during the period. A compensated man-day represents a calendar day for which we are paid for the occupancy of an offender. We believe the measurement is useful because we are compensated for operating and managing facilities at an offender per diem rate based upon actual or minimum guaranteed occupancy levels. We also measure our costs on a per compensated man-day basis, which is largely dependent upon the number of offenders we accommodate. Further, per compensated man-day measurements are also used to estimate our potential profitability based on certain occupancy levels relative to design capacity. Revenue and expenses per compensated man-day for all of the correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities placed into service that we owned or managed, exclusive of those held for lease, and for TransCor were as follows for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019: For the Three Months Ended For the Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2020 2019 2020 2019 Revenue per compensated man-day$ 83.40 $ 78.38 $ 82.64 $ 78.37 Operating expenses per compensated man-day: Fixed expense 47.25 40.12 46.32 40.76 Variable expense 16.57 16.20 16.46 15.92 Total 63.82 56.32 62.78 56.68
Operating income per compensated man-day
23.5 % 28.1 % 24.0 % 27.7 % Average compensated occupancy 74.9 % 82.8 % 76.9 % 82.7 % Average available beds 77,803 78,107 77,911 78,090 Average compensated population 58,280 64,680 59,949 64,616 25
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Revenue
Total revenue consists of management revenue we generate throughCoreCivic Safety andCoreCivic Community in the operation of correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities, as well as the revenue we generate from TransCor and our electronic monitoring and case management services. Total revenue also consists of rental revenue we generate throughCoreCivic Properties from facilities we lease to third-party operators. The following table reflects the components of revenue for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019 (in millions): For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 2019 $ Change % Change Management revenue: Federal$ 246.2 $ 252.2 $ (6.0 ) (2.4 %) State 161.9 167.6 (5.7 ) (3.4 %) Local 19.9 24.9 (5.0 ) (20.1 %) Other 22.1 26.4 (4.3 ) (16.3 %) Total management revenue 450.1 471.1 (21.0 ) (4.5 %) Rental revenue 22.5 19.2 3.3 17.2 % Total revenue$ 472.6 $ 490.3 $ (17.7 ) (3.6 %) For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 2019 $ Change % Change Management revenue: Federal$ 497.5 $ 494.3 $ 3.2 0.6 % State 328.5 338.9 (10.4 ) (3.1 %) Local 45.5 49.7 (4.2 ) (8.5 %) Other 46.9 53.1 (6.2 ) (11.7 %) Total management revenue 918.4 936.0 (17.6 ) (1.9 %) Rental revenue 45.2 38.3 6.9 18.0 % Other revenue 0.1 0.1 - - Total revenue$ 963.7 $ 974.4 $ (10.7 ) (1.1 %) The$21.0 million , or 4.5%, decrease in total management revenue for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 as compared with the same period in 2019 was primarily a result of a decrease in revenue of approximately$45.6 million caused primarily by a decrease in the average daily compensated population from 2019 to 2020. In addition, revenue generated from our electronic monitoring and case management services decreased$2.0 million in the second quarter of 2020 when compared to the same period in 2019, primarily as a result of fewer court hearings and referrals due to COVID-19. The$17.6 million , or 1.9%, decrease in total management revenue for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 as compared with the same period in 2019 was primarily a result of a decrease in revenue of approximately$61.6 million caused primarily by a decrease in the average daily compensated population from 2019 to 2020, net of the revenue generated by one additional day of operations due to aleap year in 2020. In addition, revenue generated from our electronic monitoring and case management services decreased$2.5 million during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 when compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily as a result of fewer court hearings and referrals due to COVID-19. The decrease in management revenue in both the three- and six-month periods was partially offset by an increase in revenue of approximately$26.6 million and$46.5 million , respectively, driven primarily by an increase of 6.4% and 5.4%, respectively, in average revenue per compensated man-day. The increase in average revenue per compensated man-day was primarily the result of the effect of per diem increases at several of our facilities as well as a higher mix of federal populations at higher per diem rates. Average daily compensated population decreased 6,400, or 9.9%, to 58,280 during the three months endedJune 30, 2020 compared to 64,680 during the three months endedJune 30, 2019 . Average daily compensated population decreased 4,667, or 7.2%, to 59,949 during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 compared to 64,616 during the six months endedJune 30, 2019 . Average daily compensated population decreased in both the three- and six-month periods primarily as a result of COVID-19, as further described hereafter, and the expiration of the contract with theFederal Bureau of Prisons , or BOP, at ourAdams County Correctional Center in the third quarter of 2019, which had an average daily compensated population of 2,150 inmates during the first six months of 2019 compared with 1,100 detainees during the first six months of 2020 under a new contract with ICE, as further described hereafter. 26 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Further, the continued and anticipated transfer ofCalifornia inmates held in our out-of-state facilities back to the state ofCalifornia , which was completed during the second quarter of 2019, also contributed to the decline in average daily compensated population. Average daily compensated populations from the state ofCalifornia were approximately 600 during the second quarter of 2019. The decrease in average daily compensated population was also a result of a reduction in ICE populations, as further described hereafter, net of additional populations resulting from the new inter-governmental service agreements, or IGSAs, with ICE at theAdams County Correctional Center , which promptly transitioned from the BOP contract to the new IGSA with ICE during the third quarter of 2019, and at our previously idledTorrance facility during the second quarter of 2019. The decrease in average daily compensated population was partially offset by population increases from theU.S. Marshals Service , or USMS, including at our previously idledEden facility due to a new contract executed in the second quarter of 2019. The solutions we provide to our federal customers, including primarily ICE, the USMS, and the BOP, continue to be a significant component of our business. Our federal customers generated approximately 52% and 51% of our total revenue for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, decreasing$6.0 million , or 2.4%, during the three months endedJune 30, 2020 as compared with the same period in 2019. Our federal customers generated approximately 52% and 51% of our total revenue for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, increasing$3.2 million , or 0.6%, during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 as compared with the same period in 2019. The increase in federal revenues in the first six months of 2020 primarily resulted from the combined effect of the aforementioned new contracts, per diem increases for several of our federal contracts and as a result of one additional day of operations due to aleap year in 2020. At the beginning of 2020, we expected a reduction in ICE populations throughout 2020 compared with 2019 because of a dramatic rise in such populations during 2019, when southern border apprehensions reached the highest levels in over a decade, as we did not believe these high levels would be sustained. However, the decision near the end of the first quarter of 2020 by the federal government to deny entry atthe United States southern border to asylum-seekers and anyone crossing the southern border without proper documentation or authority in an effort to contain the spread of COVID-19 has amplified the reduction in people being apprehended and detained by ICE. Further, disruptions to the criminal justice system have also contributed to a reduction in the number of USMS offender populations from sequential quarters, as the number of courts in session and prosecutions have declined. A protracted denial inUnited States southern border entries of asylum-seekers and undocumented immigrants, or continued disruptions in the criminal justice system could have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. State revenues from contracts at correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities that we operate decreased$5.7 million , or 3.4%, from the second quarter of 2019 to the second quarter of 2020. State revenues decreased$10.4 million , or 3.1%, from the six months endedJune 30, 2019 to the comparable period in 2020. In addition to the effect of an overall decline in state populations resulting from COVID-19, as further described hereafter, the decrease in state revenues in both the three- and six-month periods was also a result of a continued, and anticipated, transfer back to the state ofCalifornia of all of theCalifornia inmates held in our out-of-state facilities, which was completed during the second quarter of 2019. This decline in population fromCalifornia inmates resulted in a decrease in revenue of$3.4 million and$13.3 million , respectively, from the three and six months endedJune 30, 2019 to the comparable periods in 2020. The decrease in state revenues was partially offset by the revenue generated by new contracts with the state ofMississippi at ourTallahatchie County Correctional Facility and with the state ofKansas at ourSaguaro Correctional Facility inArizona , both as further described hereafter, as well as per diem increases under numerous other state contracts. Revenue also benefited from one additional day of operations due to aleap year in 2020. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, several of our state partners had been experiencing improvements in their budgets which helped us secure recent per diem increases at certain facilities. Further, several of our existing state partners, as well as prospective state partners, have been experiencing growth in offender populations and overcrowded conditions, are considering alternative correctional capacity for their aged and inefficient infrastructure, or are seeking cost savings by utilizing the private sector. Since the beginning of 2018, we have completed the intake of new inmate populations as a result of new contracts withKansas ,Kentucky ,Mississippi ,Ohio ,Nevada ,South Carolina , andVermont . We currently expect that the COVID-19 pandemic will have a negative impact on many of our state partners' budgets, though we cannot predict the ultimate impact COVID-19 will have on our revenue and per diem rates from our state partners. We have implemented enhanced hygiene practices, suspended visitation in consultation with our government partners, separated vulnerable inmate populations for their additional protection, followed guidelines provided by theUnited States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for Correctional and Detention Facilities, and have taken many other actions intended to limit the spread of COVID-19 among our staff and residents within our correctional, detention, and reentry facilities. However, we cannot predict government responses to an increase in staff or residents testing positive for COVID-19 within public and private correctional, detention and reentry facilities, nor can we predict COVID-19 related restrictions on individuals, businesses, and services that disrupt the criminal justice system. Certain government agencies have released, may be considering releasing, or may be experiencing pressure to release, certain inmates and detainees as a result of COVID-19, including those inmates and detainees considered vulnerable to serious illness or death in the event of COVID-19 infection, those with sentences ending in the next year, or those being held on a minor supervision 27 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- violation. Further, we cannot predict government policies on prosecutions and newly ordered legal restrictions as a result of COVID-19 that affect the number people placed in correctional, detention, and reentry facilities. We currently expect the federal government's policy of denying entry atthe United States southern border to asylum-seekers and anyone crossing the southern border without proper documentation or authority, as well as the disruptions to the criminal justice system, to persist until a widely accepted treatment and/or vaccine for COVID-19 is available, which could result in a further reduction in the number of offenders placed in our facilities. Such actions could, either alone or in combination, have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. From the end of the first quarter of 2020 to the end of the second quarter of 2020, our state populations declined by approximately 3,100 inmates, or 9.2%, predominately due to government actions to help prevent the spread of COVID-19. During the third quarter of 2020, largely due to a lower number of inmate populations in the state ofOklahoma resulting from COVID-19, combined with the consequential impact of COVID-19 on the State's budget, we agreed with the State to idle our 1,692-bedCimarron Correctional Facility during the third quarter of 2020. We also transferred the remaining resident populations at our 390-bed Tulsa Transitional Center toOklahoma's system, idling theTulsa facility during the third quarter of 2020. We can provide no assurance that additional states will not take similar actions in response to declines in resident populations resulting from COVID-19. The$3.3 million , or 17.2%, increase and the$6.9 million , or 18.0%, increase in rental revenue from the three and six months endedJune 30, 2019 to the comparable periods in 2020 were both primarily a result of acquisitions in 2019 and 2020 of multiple properties leased to third parties and the commencement of the lease of the 2,432-bed correctional facility we constructed inLansing, Kansas , all as further described hereafter. COVID-19 notwithstanding, we believe the long-term growth opportunities of our business remain attractive as government agencies consider their emergent needs (including capacity to help mitigate the spread of infectious disease), as well as the efficiency and offender programming opportunities we provide, as flexible solutions to satisfy our partners' needs. Further, we expect our partners, and prospective partners, to continue to face challenges in maintaining old facilities, developing new facilities, and expanding current facilities for additional capacity, which could result in increased future demand for the solutions we provide.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses totaled$352.9 million and$345.7 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, while operating expenses for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019 totaled$715.2 million and$691.5 million , respectively. Operating expenses consist of those expenses incurred in the operation and management of correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities, as well as those expenses incurred in the operations of TransCor and our electronic monitoring and case management services. Operating expenses also consist of those expenses incurred in the operation of facilities we lease to third-party operators. Expenses incurred by CoreCivic Safety andCoreCivic Community in connection with the operation and management of our correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities, as well as those incurred in the operations of TransCor and our electronic monitoring and case management services, increased$5.9 million , or 1.7%, during the second quarter of 2020 when compared with the same period in 2019. Expenses incurred by these segments increased$21.0 million , or 3.1%, during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 , when compared to the same period in 2019. Similar to our management revenue, there were several factors that contributed to the increase in operating expenses incurred in these segments. Operating expenses increased primarily due to the aforementioned activations of our previously idledTorrance andEden facilities in the second quarter of 2019, expenses associated with COVID-19, and as a result of the additional day of operations due to aleap year in 2020. The increase in operating expenses was partially offset by lower staffing and service levels that were consistent with the lower occupancy levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, consistent with the reduction in revenue from our electronic monitoring and case management services, operating expenses from these services also decreased due to fewer court hearings and referrals due to COVID-19. Total expenses per compensated man-day increased to$63.82 during the three months endedJune 30, 2020 from$56.32 during the three months endedJune 30, 2019 , and increased to$62.78 during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 from$56.68 during the same period in the prior year. Fixed expenses per compensated man-day increased to$47.25 during the three months endedJune 30, 2020 from$40.12 during the same period in the prior year, and increased to$46.32 during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 from$40.76 during the same period in the prior year. Recent increases in the unemployment rate caused by COVID-19 notwithstanding, as the economy improved and the nation's unemployment rate declined, we experienced wage pressures in certain markets across the country, and provided wage increases to remain competitive. Further, the COVID-19 pandemic presents unique employment circumstances, as the unemployment rate has recently increased dramatically as many businesses curtailed or even ceased operations. While a higher unemployment rate in the longer-term could provide a more robust talent acquisition pipeline than we have recently experienced, we have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, incremental expenses in the short-term to help ensure sufficient staffing levels under unique and challenging 28 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- working conditions. Incremental expenses include, but may not be limited to, incentive payments to our line and field staff, additional paid time off, as well as expenses to procure personal protective equipment and other supplies. DuringApril 2020 , we announced that we would provide incentive payments to our line and field staff, known as "hero bonuses", through the end of the second quarter of 2020. During the second quarter of 2020, we incurred$8.2 million of incremental expenses associated with COVID-19, including$6.3 million of hero bonuses. These incremental expenses contributed to the increase in fixed expenses per compensated man-day during the three- and six-month periods endingJune 30, 2020 compared to the same periods in 2019. We continually monitor compensation levels very closely along with overall economic conditions and will set wage levels necessary to help ensure the long-term success of our business. Further, we continually evaluate the structure of our employee benefits package and training programs to ensure we are better able to attract and retain our employees. Salaries and benefits represent the most significant component of our operating expenses, representing approximately 61% of our total operating expenses for the first six months of 2020 and 60% of our total operating expenses during 2019. Operating expenses incurred byCoreCivic Properties in connection with facilities we lease to third-party operators increased$1.4 million , or 25.7%, during the second quarter of 2020 when compared with the same period in 2019, and increased$2.7 million , or 24.3%, during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 when compared with the same period in 2019. The increase in expenses in this segment during both the three and six months endedJune 30, 2020 was primarily the result of acquisitions in 2019 and 2020 of multiple properties leased to third parties.
Facility Management Contracts
We enter into facility management contracts to provide bed capacity and management services to governmental entities in our CoreCivic Safety andCoreCivic Community segments for terms typically ranging from three to five years, with additional renewal periods at the option of the contracting governmental agency. Accordingly, a substantial portion of our facility contracts are scheduled to expire each year, notwithstanding contractual renewal options that a government agency may exercise. Although we generally expect these customers to exercise renewal options or negotiate new contracts with us, one or more of these contracts may not be renewed by the corresponding governmental agency. Further, our government partners can generally terminate our management contracts for non-appropriation of funds or for convenience. Based on information available as of the date of this Quarterly Report, we believe we will renew all contracts with our government partners that have expired or are scheduled to expire within the next twelve months that could have a material impact on our financial statements. We believe our renewal rate on existing contracts remains high due to a variety of reasons including, but not limited to, the constrained supply of available beds within theU.S. correctional system, our ownership of the majority of the beds we operate, and the cost effectiveness of the services we provide. However, we cannot assure we will continue to achieve such renewal rates in the future.
CoreCivic Safety
CoreCivic Safety includes the operating results of the correctional and detention facilities that we operated during each period. Total revenue generated by CoreCivic Safety decreased$16.3 million , or 3.7%, from$440.4 million in the second quarter of 2019 to$424.1 million in the second quarter of 2020, and decreased$12.8 million , or 1.5%, from$874.7 million during the six months endedJune 30, 2019 to$861.9 million during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 . CoreCivic Safety's facility net operating income, or facility revenues less operating expenses, decreased$23.0 million , or 18.7%, from$123.4 million during the three months endedJune 30, 2019 to$100.4 million during the three months endedJune 30, 2020 , and decreased$33.7 million , or 14.0%, from$241.1 million during the six months endedJune 30, 2019 to$207.4 million during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 . During the three and six months endedJune 30, 2020 , CoreCivic Safety generated 83.8% and 83.4%, respectively, of our total facility net operating income, compared with 85.3% and 85.2%, respectively, during the three and six months endedJune 30, 2019 . 29 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The following table displays the revenue and expenses per compensated man-day for CoreCivic Safety's correctional and detention facilities placed into service that we own and manage and for the facilities we manage but do not own, inclusive of the transportation services provided by TransCor: For the Three Months Ended For the Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2020 2019 2020 2019 CoreCivic Safety Facilities: Revenue per compensated man-day$ 84.72 $ 79.77 $ 84.03 $ 79.81 Operating expenses per compensated man-day: Fixed expense 47.62 40.68 46.87 41.35 Variable expense 17.05 16.74 16.94 16.45 Total 64.67 57.42 63.81 57.80
Operating income per compensated man-day
23.7 % 28.0 % 24.1 % 27.6 % Average compensated occupancy 75.8 % 83.3 % 77.6 % 83.1 % Average available beds 72,555 72,833 72,622 72,833 Average compensated population 55,010 60,670 56,355 60,556 Operating margins within the CoreCivic Safety facilities during both the three and six months endedJune 30, 2020 were negatively impacted primarily by reduced populations and increased operating expenses, which was driven primarily by increases in salaries and benefits expenses, as previously described herein. Also as previously mentioned, COVID-19 has had an adverse impact on operating margins, and was the primary factor in the reduction of average compensated populations and operating margins of the CoreCivic Safety segment. The expected return of all remaining inmate populations from the state ofCalifornia from ourLa Palma Correctional Center during the first half of 2019 also contributed to the reduction in compensated populations. During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Governor ofCalifornia signed Assembly Bill 32, or AB32, which, subject to certain exceptions, as ofJanuary 1, 2020 , generally prohibits new contracts and renewals of existing contracts between private, for-profit entities and government agencies for the operation of detention facilities within the state ofCalifornia , with aJanuary 1, 2028 sunset for the use of private, for-profit entities by the state ofCalifornia . While AB32 excludes facilities leased from private, for-profit entities, such as ourCalifornia City Correctional Center , the impact of AB32 on ourCalifornia based detention and reentry facility contracts is currently unclear given the potential conflict between federal and state law, and court challenges to the enforceability of AB32. OnJanuary 24, 2020 , theU.S. Government filed a lawsuit against the state ofCalifornia challenging the enforceability of AB32 under applicable law. In a hearing onJuly 16, 2020 , U.S. District JudgeJanis L. Sammartino noted that the USMS's federal statutory authority appears to render AB32 unenforceable as to USMS private detention contracts, but expressed skepticism regarding ICE's authority to contract for privately operated detention services inCalifornia in light of AB32.Judge Sammartino has requested additional briefing from the parties before issuing any ruling. We cannot predict the timing of any ruling or the outcome of this lawsuit. However, we believe the restrictions to force a phase-out of federal detention and residential reentry facilities under private management goes against federal law. In the event AB32 is implemented so as to prohibit ICEcontracted private detention facilities or privatelyoperated residential reentry centers, the federal government could be prohibited from renewing (i) its contract to operate ourOtay Mesa Detention Center , which is currently scheduled to expire inDecember 2024 , and (ii) our residential reentry contracts within the state ofCalifornia , which are scheduled to expire at dates ranging from 2021 to 2024. A potential non-renewal of our contract to operate theOtay Mesa Detention Center , which we recently expanded from 1,482 beds to 1,994 beds, could have a significant impact on our results of operations and cash flows at the time of non-renewal. OnMay 16, 2019 , we announced that we entered into a new contract under an IGSA betweenTorrance County, New Mexico and ICE to activate our 910-bedTorrance County Detention Facility inEstancia, New Mexico . TheTorrance facility had previously been idle since 2017. The new management contract commenced onMay 15, 2019 , and has an initial term of 60 months, with unlimited extension options thereafter upon mutual agreement. Either party may terminate the contract with 120 days' written notice. We began accepting ICE detainee populations into theTorrance facility in the third quarter of 2019. This new contract contributed to an increase in total revenue of$6.7 million and$13.2 million during the three and six months endedJune 30, 2020 , respectively, from the comparable periods in the prior year. OnMay 23, 2019 , we announced that we entered into a new contract under an IGSA between theCity of Eden, Texas and the USMS, to activate our 1,422-bedEden Detention Center inEden, Texas . The new agreement also permits ICE to utilize capacity at the facility. TheEden facility had previously been idle since 2017. The new management contract commenced onJune 1, 2019 , and has 30 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- an indefinite term. Either party may terminate the contract with 30 days' written notice. We began accepting populations into theEden facility in the third quarter of 2019. This new contract contributed to an increase in total revenue of$8.4 million and$17.0 million during the three and six months endedJune 30, 2020 , respectively, from the comparable periods in the prior year. OnJanuary 9, 2020 , we announced that we entered into a new emergency contract with the state ofMississippi to care for up to 375 ofMississippi's inmates at theTallahatchie facility, to assist the State with significant challenges in its correctional system. The contract had a term of ninety days, which the State could extend for up to two additional ninety-day terms. The State subsequently expanded the contract to 1,000 inmates and exercised the extension options throughOctober 4, 2020 . During the three and six months endedJune 30, 2020 , management revenue from this new contract was$4.2 million and$7.2 million , respectively. OnMay 1, 2019 , the BOP announced that it elected not to renew the contract at ourAdams County Correctional Center inAdams County, Mississippi . OnJune 28, 2019 , the BOP executed an amendment to the existing contract to allow ICE to use up to 660 beds to care for adult male detainees. OnJuly 18, 2019 , the BOP contract, which was originally scheduled to expire onJuly 31, 2019 , was extended toAugust 30, 2019 . OnSeptember 3, 2019 , we announced that we had entered into a new contract under an IGSA betweenAdams County, Mississippi and ICE for up to 2,348 adult detainees at theAdams facility. The new management agreement commenced onAugust 31, 2019 , and has an initial term of 60 months, with unlimited extension options thereafter upon mutual agreement. Either party may terminate the contract with 120 days' written notice. The average compensated occupancy of theAdams County facility was 49.3% during the second quarter of 2020 compared with 95.1% during the second quarter of 2019, although facility net operating income increased by$0.5 million from the second quarter of 2019 to the second quarter of 2020. EffectiveAugust 1, 2019 , we were awarded a new contract with theKansas Department of Corrections , or KDOC, to care for offenders at our 1,896-bedSaguaro Correctional Facility inArizona , where we also care for inmates fromHawaii andNevada . We accepted 120 offenders from the KDOC inOctober 2019 . During the second quarter of 2020, this contract was extended throughJuly 2021 . As previously described, during the third quarter of 2020, we provided notice to our customers at theSilverdale Detention Center and theMetro-Davidson County Detention Facility , both inTennessee , of our intent to terminate the contracts at these managed-only facilities. We expect to transition operations of both facilities in the fourth quarter of 2020. During 2019, and for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 , these facilities generated total facility net operating income of$0.8 million and incurred an operating loss of$2.3 million , respectively. As a result of these expected contract terminations, during the second quarter of 2020, we also recognized goodwill impairments of$2.0 million associated with these two managed-only facilities' reporting units. Also as previously described, during the third quarter of 2020, predominately due to a lower number of inmate populations in the state ofOklahoma resulting from COVID-19, combined with the consequential impact of COVID-19 on the State's budget, we agreed with the State to idle our 1,692-bedCimarron Correctional Facility during the third quarter of 2020. During 2019, and for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 , this facility generated facility net operating income of$2.4 million and incurred an operating loss of$0.6 million , respectively.
CoreCivic Community includes the operating results of the residential reentry centers that we operated during each period, along with the operating results of our electronic monitoring and case management services. Total revenue generated byCoreCivic Community decreased$4.7 million , or 15.3%, from$30.7 million during the second quarter of 2019 to$26.0 million during the second quarter of 2020, and decreased$4.7 million , or 7.6%, from$61.3 million during the six months endedJune 30, 2019 to$56.6 million during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 .CoreCivic Community's facility net operating income decreased$3.8 million , or 50.1%, from$7.6 million during the three months endedJune 30, 2019 to$3.8 million during the three months endedJune 30, 2020 , and decreased$4.7 million , or 32.2%, from$14.7 million during the six months endedJune 30, 2019 to$10.0 million during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 . During the three and six months endedJune 30, 2020 ,CoreCivic Community generated 3.2% and 4.0%, respectively, of our total facility net operating income, compared with 5.3% and 5.2%, respectively, during the three and six months endedJune 30, 2019 . The following table displays the revenue and expenses per compensated man-day forCoreCivic Community's residential reentry facilities placed into service that we own and manage, but exclusive of the electronic monitoring and case management services given that revenue is not generated on a per compensated man-day basis for these services: 31 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For the Three Months Ended For the Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2020 2019 2020 2019 CoreCivic Community Facilities: Revenue per compensated man-day$ 61.08 $ 57.31 $ 60.74 $ 57.01 Operating expenses per compensated man-day: Fixed expense 41.12 31.61 37.69 31.86 Variable expense 8.42 8.12 8.91 7.93 Total 49.54 39.73 46.60 39.79
Operating income per compensated man-day
18.9 % 30.7 % 23.3 % 30.2 % Average compensated occupancy 62.3 % 76.0 % 67.9 % 77.2 % Average available beds 5,248 5,274 5,289 5,257 Average compensated population 3,270 4,010 3,594 4,060 Operating margins in theCoreCivic Community segment during both the three and six months endedJune 30, 2020 were negatively impacted by an increase in operating expenses, which was driven primarily by increases in salaries and benefits expenses across the portfolio, as previously described herein. Operating margins were also negatively impacted during the first six months of 2020 by the reduction in average compensated population, which was primarily driven by COVID-19, as further described hereafter, and a decline in utilization from the states ofOklahoma andColorado , which led to the consolidation of residents located in the respective states, and the closure of several of our residential reentry facilities. The 289-bed Turley Residential Center inOklahoma closed in the second quarter of 2019, and the 200-bed Oklahoma City Transitional Center and the 60-bed Columbine Facility inColorado closed in the second quarter of 2020. We also idled a 92-bed residential reentry center inArizona in the third quarter of 2019 upon the expiration of a BOP contract onAugust 31, 2019 , and sold this facility during the second quarter of 2020. OnDecember 7, 2019 , we completed the acquisition of certain assets ofRehabilitation Services, Inc. , or RSI. The acquisition resulted in the addition of two residential reentry centers inVirginia . The Ghent Residential Reentry Center, a 36-bed residential reentry center inNorfolk, Virginia and the James River Residential Reentry Center, an 84-bed residential reentry center inNewport News, Virginia provide reentry services for residents under custody of the BOP. The residential reentry facilities can also serve an additional 34 home confinement clients on behalf of the BOP. Like the CoreCivic Safety segment, ourCoreCivic Community segment has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of our government partners have transferred certain residents assigned to our reentry facilities to non-residential status, home confinement or early releases, to create additional space for enhanced social distancing within our reentry facilities. Additionally, similar to our CoreCivic Safety segment, theCoreCivic Community segment has been adversely impacted by the disruption in court hearings, resulting in a reduction in the number of referrals to our community facilities. Additionally, at some locations, residents are responsible for a portion of the subsistence payments, which could be impacted by a curtailment in work programs available to them, negatively impacting our revenue to the extent that the government agency does not supplement such payments. However, it is possible that in the future, government agencies will increase the utilization of our community facilities or home confinement services, as an alternative to incarceration. During the third quarter of 2020, predominately due to a lower number of resident populations in the state ofOklahoma resulting from COVID-19, combined with the consequential impact of COVID-19 on the State's budget, we transferred the remaining resident populations at our Tulsa Transitional Center toOklahoma's system, idling theTulsa facility during the third quarter of 2020. During 2019, and for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 , theTulsa facility generated facility net operating income of$0.1 million and incurred an operating loss of$0.4 million , respectively. As previously described, during the second quarter of 2020, we also reported a real estate impairment of$9.8 million associated with the consolidation of residential reentry populations inOklahoma . CoreCivic PropertiesCoreCivic Properties includes the operating results of the properties we leased to third parties and that were used by government agencies during each period. Total revenue generated byCoreCivic Properties increased$3.3 million , or 17.4%, from$19.1 million in the second quarter of 2019 to$22.5 million in the second quarter of 2020, and increased$6.9 million , or 18.1%, from$38.3 million during the six months endedJune 30, 2019 to$45.2 million during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 .CoreCivic Properties' facility net operating income increased$1.9 million , or 14.1%, from$13.6 million in the second quarter of 2019 to$15.6 million in the second quarter of 2020, and increased$4.2 million , or 15.5%, from$27.1 million during the six months endedJune 30, 2019 to$31.3 million during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 . The increases in total revenue and net operating income in both the three- and six-month periods were primarily the result of the properties we acquired in 2019 and 2020, and due to the commencement of the lease at our 32 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lansing Correctional Facility inJanuary 2020 . During the three and six months endedJune 30, 2020 ,CoreCivic Properties generated 13.0% and 12.6%, respectively, of our total facility net operating income, compared with 9.4% and 9.6%, respectively, during the three and six months endedJune 30, 2019 . OnMay 6, 2019 , we completed the acquisition of a 37,000 square-foot office building inDetroit, Michigan , for$7.2 million , excluding transaction related expenses, that was built-to-suit for the state ofMichigan's Department of Health and Human Services , or MDHHS, in 2002. The property is 100% leased to theMichigan Department of Technology, Management and Budget , or MDTMB, on behalf of MDHHS throughJune 2028 and includes one six-year renewal option at the sole discretion of the MDTMB. OnDecember 9, 2019 , we entered into a lease with the Commonwealth ofKentucky Department of Corrections , or KYDOC, for our previously idled 656-bedSoutheast Correctional Complex inWheelwright, Kentucky , formerly known as theSoutheast Kentucky Correctional Facility . The lease commencedJuly 1, 2020 , has an initial term of ten years and includes five two-year renewal options. The KYDOC has the option to purchase the facility at its fair market value at any time during the term of the lease. We expect to report annual rental revenue of$4.1 million associated with this lease. The Southeast Correctional facility had previously been idle since 2012. OnJanuary 2, 2020 , we completed the acquisition of a portfolio of 28 properties, all of which are leased to the federal government through theGeneral Services Administration , or GSA. The 445,000 square foot portfolio serves numerous federal agencies, including primarily theSocial Security Administration , theDepartment of Homeland Security , and theOffice of Hearings Operations . The 28-property portfolio is strategically located throughout the mid-south, complementing our existing real estate footprint, and each property was built-to-suit for its federal tenant. During the three and six months endedJune 30, 2020 , the portfolio of 28 properties generated$2.4 million and$4.9 million , respectively, of rental revenue. OnJanuary 24, 2018 , we entered into a 20-year lease agreement with the KDOC for a 2,432-bed correctional facility to be constructed by the Company inLansing, Kansas . The new facility replaces theLansing Correctional Facility ,Kansas' largest correctional complex for adult male inmates, originally constructed in 1863.CoreCivic is responsible for facility maintenance throughout the 20-year term of the lease, at which time ownership will revert to the state ofKansas . Construction of the facility commenced in the first quarter of 2018, and construction was completed inJanuary 2020 , at which time the lease commenced. During the six months endedJune 30, 2020 , the Lansing Correction Facility generated$1.3 million of revenue associated with the non-lease services components of the arrangement, and$3.9 million of interest income, as further described hereafter.
General and administrative expenses
For the three months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019, general and administrative expenses totaled$30.1 million and$33.4 million , respectively, while general and administrative expenses totaled$61.4 million and$62.8 million , respectively, during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of corporate management salaries and benefits, professional fees, including those associated with mergers and acquisitions, or M&A, and our evaluation of corporate structure alternatives, as well as other administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses decreased from the prior year period primarily as a result of a decrease in incentive compensation and a curtailment of certain other expenses, such as travel, due to restrictions imposed because of COVID-19. We expect our general and administrative expenses to increase during the second half of 2020 from the first half of 2020 as we incur expenses associated with our evaluation and implementation of corporate structure alternatives, which we currently estimate to be$5.0 million to$6.0 million for the full year.
Depreciation and amortization
For the three months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019, depreciation and amortization expense totaled$38.6 million and$35.6 million , respectively, while depreciation and amortization expense totaled$76.6 million and$71.1 million , respectively, during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense is primarily due to the additional depreciation and amortization resulting from our M&A activities during 2019 and 2020. Interest expense, net Interest expense is reported net of interest income and capitalized interest for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019. Gross interest expense, net of capitalized interest, was$23.9 million and$21.4 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and was$48.4 million and$43.2 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Gross interest expense is based on outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility, our outstanding Incremental Term Loan A, or Term Loan A, our outstanding$250.00 million Senior Secured Term Loan B, or Term Loan B, as further described hereafter, our outstanding senior notes, and our outstanding non-recourse mortgage notes, as well as the amortization of loan costs and unused facility fees. The increase in gross interest expense primarily resulted from an increase in the average outstanding balance on our 33 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- revolving credit facility, and the interest expense associated with the Term Loan B and the new non-recourse mortgage note assumed during 2020, as further described hereafter. We have benefited from relatively low interest rates on our revolving credit facility, which is largely based on the London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR. Based on our total leverage ratio, borrowings under our revolving credit facility during 2019 and the first six months of 2020 were at the base rate plus a margin of 0.50% or at LIBOR plus a margin of 1.50%, and a commitment fee equal to 0.35% of the unfunded balance. Interest rates under the Term Loan A are the same as the interest rates under our revolving credit facility. OnApril 20, 2018 ,CoreCivic of Kansas, LLC , a wholly-owned unrestricted subsidiary of ours, priced$159.5 million in aggregate principal amount of non-recourse senior secured notes, or the Kansas Notes, in a private placement pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. The private placement closed onJune 1, 2018 . We used the proceeds of the private placement, which were drawn on quarterly funding dates beginning in the second quarter of 2018, to fund construction of theLansing Correctional Facility , along with costs and expenses of the project. TheKansas Notes have a yield to maturity of 4.43% and are scheduled to mature inJanuary 2040 , 20 years following completion of the project, which occurred inJanuary 2020 . We capitalized$1.1 million and$2.0 million of interest during the three and six months endedJune 30, 2019 , respectively, and$0.5 million in 2020 through the date construction was complete inJanuary 2020 , associated with this construction project. During the three and six months endedJune 30, 2020 , we incurred$1.8 million and$3.5 million , respectively, of interest expense on the Kansas Notes. OnDecember 18, 2019 , we entered into a new Term Loan B which bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 4.50%, with a 1.00% LIBOR floor (or, at our option, a base rate plus 3.50%), and has a five-year maturity with scheduled quarterly principal payments throughDecember 2024 . The Term Loan B is secured by a first lien on certain specified real property assets, representing a loan-to-value of no greater than 80%. We can prepay the Term Loan B at any time and from time to time, without premium or penalty, except that a premium of 1.0% of the amount prepaid must accompany any prepayment made prior toDecember 18, 2020 , with the proceeds of any new or replacement tranche of term loans that are in the nature of what are commonly referred to as "B" term loans and that bear interest with an all-in yield less than the all-in yield applicable to the Term Loan B. The 1.0% prepayment premium is also payable in respect of certain repricing events occurring prior toDecember 18, 2020 . Proceeds from the issuance of the Term Loan B were used to partially fund the early redemption of our$325.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.125% senior notes originally due inApril 2020 . OnJanuary 2, 2020 , we completed the acquisition of a portfolio of 28 properties, 24 of which the counter-party contributed to a newly formed partnership of ours, for total consideration of$83.2 million . In connection with the acquisition, a wholly-owned subsidiary ofGovernment Real Estate Solutions, LLC , or GRES, an unrestricted subsidiary we control, assumed$52.2 million of in-place financing. The assumed non-recourse mortgage note, or the GRES Note, carries a fixed interest rate of 4.91% and requires monthly principal and interest payments, with a balloon payment of$46.2 million due at maturity inNovember 2025 . The GRES Note continues to be fully-secured by the same 24 properties originally pledged as collateral at the time the debt was issued. Gross interest income was$2.9 million and$0.7 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and was$4.9 million and$1.1 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Gross interest income is earned on notes receivable, investments, cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash. Interest income also includes interest income associated with the 20-year finance receivable associated with theLansing Correctional Facility lease to the KDOC, which commenced inJanuary 2020 , and amounted to$2.2 million and$3.9 million for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2020 , respectively. Total capitalized interest was$1.8 million during the three months endedJune 30, 2019 , and was$0.5 million and$2.7 million during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. There was no interest capitalized during the second quarter of 2020. Capitalized interest was primarily associated with the construction of theLansing Correctional Facility . 34 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income tax benefit (expense)
As a REIT, we are entitled to a deduction for dividends paid, resulting in a substantial reduction in the amount of federal income tax expense we recognize. Substantially all of our income tax expense is currently incurred based on the earnings generated by our TRSs. Our overall effective tax rate is based on the taxable income primarily generated by our TRSs. Our consolidated effective tax rate could fluctuate in the future based on changes in estimates of taxable income, the relative amounts of taxable income generated by the TRSs and the REIT, the implementation of additional tax planning strategies, changes in federal or state tax rates or laws affecting tax credits available to us, changes in other tax laws, changes in estimates related to uncertain tax positions, or changes in state apportionment factors, as well as changes in the valuation allowance applied to our deferred tax assets that are based primarily on the amount of state net operating losses and tax credits that could expire unused. OnAugust 5, 2020 , we announced that our BOD unanimously approved a plan to revoke our REIT election and become a taxableC Corporation , effectiveJanuary 1, 2021 . As a result, we will no longer be required to operate under REIT rules, including the requirement to distribute at least 90% of our taxable income to our stockholders, which will provide us with greater flexibility to use our free cash flow. BeginningJanuary 1, 2021 , we will be subject to federal and state income taxes on our taxable income at applicable tax rates, and will no longer be entitled to a tax deduction for dividends paid. The revocation of our REIT election will also result in a revaluation of our net deferred tax liabilities, resulting in a material income tax charge in the period we complete all significant actions necessary to revoke our REIT election, currently anticipated to occur in the first quarter of 2021. We have not yet completed our estimate of such charge. We will continue to operate as a REIT for the remainder of the 2020 tax year, and existing REIT requirements and limitations, including those established by our organizational documents, will remain in place untilJanuary 1, 2021 . Our BOD also announced that we are discontinuing our quarterly dividend and prioritizing the allocation of our free cash flow to debt reduction. During the three months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019, our financial statements reflected an income tax benefit of$1.0 million and an income tax expense of$2.0 million , respectively. During the six months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019, our financial statements reflected an income tax expense of$2.8 million and$4.5 million , respectively. Our effective tax rate was 4.8% and 4.4% during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The income tax benefit in the second quarter of 2020 reflected an operating loss in one of our TRSs caused primarily by lower occupancy levels at several facilities resulting from COVID-19. Income tax expense during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 included$3.1 million , recorded in the first quarter of 2020, that had been deferred during the construction period of ourLansing Correctional Facility , which was owned by a TRS of ours until it converted to a qualified REIT subsidiary, or QRS, upon completion of construction in the first quarter of 2020. Because ownership of this facility reverts to the state ofKansas upon expiration of the twenty-year lease, the construction and subsequent lease of the facility to the State was a deemed sale for federal and state income tax purposes. The gain on sale was reported as a deferred tax asset based on the percentage of completion method over the construction period. This deferred tax asset was revalued to zero upon conversion of the TRS to a QRS.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our principal capital requirements are for working capital, stockholder distributions, capital expenditures, and debt service payments. Capital requirements may also include cash expenditures associated with our outstanding commitments and contingencies, as further discussed in the notes to our financial statements. Additionally, our capital expenditures may include M&A activities that will enable us to further expand our network of residential reentry centers and acquire other businesses that provide complementary services. We will continue to pursue opportunities to help our government partners meet their infrastructure needs, primarily through the development and redevelopment of criminal justice sector assets that we believe have favorable investment returns, diversify our cash flows, and increase value to our stockholders. We will also respond to customer demand and may develop or expand correctional and detention facilities when we believe potential long-term returns justify the capital deployment. To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we generally are required to distribute annually to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding net capital gains). Our REIT taxable income will not typically include income earned by our TRSs except to the extent our TRSs pay dividends to the REIT. Our BOD declared a quarterly dividend of$0.44 for the first quarter of 2020 totaling$53.4 million . OnAugust 5, 2020 , our BOD announced that we are discontinuing our quarterly dividend and prioritizing the allocation of our free cash flow to debt reduction. The amount, timing and frequency of future distributions will be at the sole discretion of our BOD and will be declared based upon various factors, many of which are beyond our control, including our financial condition and operating cash flows, the amount required to maintain qualification and taxation as a REIT for years we elected to be taxed as a REIT and to reduce any income and excise taxes that we otherwise would be required to pay, limitations on distributions in our existing and future debt instruments, limitations on our ability to fund distributions using cash generated through our TRSs, alternative growth opportunities that require capital deployment, and other factors that our BOD may deem relevant. 35
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OnJune 17, 2020 , we announced that our BOD was evaluating corporate structure and capital allocation alternatives. Concurrently, our BOD suspended our quarterly dividend while we assessed how best to use our free cash flow to build shareholder value, maintain service excellence, and offer and implement unique solutions for our government partners and the communities in which we serve. OnAugust 5, 2020 , we announced that our BOD concluded its analysis and unanimously approved a plan to revoke our REIT election and become a taxableC Corporation , effectiveJanuary 1, 2021 . Additionally, our BOD voted unanimously to discontinue the quarterly dividend and prioritize allocating our free cash flow to reduce debt levels. As a result, we will no longer be required to operate under REIT rules, including the requirement to distribute at least 90% of our taxable income to our stockholders, which will provide us with greater flexibility to use our free cash flow. BeginningJanuary 1, 2021 , we will be subject to federal and state income taxes on our taxable income at applicable tax rates, and will no longer be entitled to a tax deduction for dividends paid. However, we believe this conversion will improve our overall credit profile and lower our cost of capital. Following our first priority of debt reduction, we expect to allocate a substantial portion of our free cash flow to returning capital to shareholders and pursue attractive growth opportunities. This conversion will also provide us with significantly more liquidity, which will enable us to reduce our reliance on the capital markets and reduce the size of our Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, or Bank Credit Agreement, in the future. InMarch 2020 , theWorld Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 as a pandemic, which continues to spread throughoutthe United States . As a result, in the first quarter of 2020, the federal government decided to deny entry atthe United States southern border to asylum-seekers and anyone crossing the southern border without proper documentation or authority in an effort to contain the spread of COVID-19. This action has resulted in the reduction in the number of people being apprehended and detained by ICE. Further, disruptions to the criminal justice system have also contributed to a reduction in the number of USMS offender populations, as the number of courts in session and prosecutions have declined. We currently expect the federal government's policy of denying entry atthe United States southern border to asylum-seekers and anyone crossing the southern border without proper documentation or authority, as well as the disruptions in the criminal justice system, to persist until a widely accepted treatment and/or vaccine for COVID-19 is available. In addition, many state and local government agencies have released, may be considering releasing, or may be experiencing pressure to release, certain inmates and detainees to help ensure social distancing within their facilities and prevent excessive interactions among inmate populations. A protracted denial in southern border entries of asylum-seekers and undocumented immigrants, or continued disruptions in the criminal justice system could have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. As a precautionary measure to ensure that we have sufficient liquidity for the pandemic with uncertain consequences and duration, we partially drew our revolving credit facility in the first quarter of 2020. As a result of uncertainties in the near-term outlook for the business caused by COVID-19, we are monitoring and reducing discretionary spending (except to help ensure the safety of our employees and residents entrusted to our care), reviewing capital projects to ensure we are only spending on projects that are deemed essential in the current environment, and limiting travel and other operating expenses. As ofJune 30, 2020 , we had cash on hand of$363.8 million , and$154.2 million available under our revolving credit facility. During the six months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019, we generated$174.3 million and$166.6 million , respectively, in cash through operating activities. Despite COVID-19, our cash generated by operating activities remains strong, amounting to$98.9 million during the second quarter of 2020 compared with$75.4 million during the first quarter of 2020, and compared with$88.8 million during the second quarter of 2019. We currently expect to be able to meet our cash expenditure requirements for the next year utilizing cash on hand and availability under our revolving credit facility. Some banks that are party to our Bank Credit Agreement have announced that they do not expect to continue to provide credit or financial services to private entities that operate correctional and detention facilities, includingCoreCivic . These banks are legally obligated to honor their commitments under our Bank Credit Agreement, which expires inApril 2023 . We can provide no assurance that additional banks that are party to ourBank Credit Agreement will not make similar decisions, or that new banks will be willing to become party to our Bank Credit Agreement. As previously mentioned, upon our planned revocation of our REIT election, we believe we will not be as reliant on the revolving credit facility under the Bank Credit Agreement, as we will be able to retain our cash flows to use at our general discretion and, therefore, believe we can operate with a smaller revolving credit facility. We have no debt maturities untilOctober 2022 , and do not currently anticipate a need to access the capital markets in the short-term. With the revocation of our REIT election, we also intend to evaluate the sales of non-core real estate assets in our Properties segment, which would provide us with additional liquidity, and we believe could accelerate the benefits of our new capital allocation strategy. Our cash flow is subject to the receipt of sufficient funding of and timely payment by contracting governmental entities. If the appropriate governmental agency does not receive sufficient appropriations to cover its contractual obligations, it may terminate our contract or delay or reduce payment to us. Delays in payment from our major customers or the termination of contracts from our major customers could have an adverse effect on our cash flow and financial condition. Although our revenue has been negatively impacted by COVID-19, we have not experienced any unusual delays in payments from our major customers. 36
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Debt and equity
As ofJune 30, 2020 , we had$350.0 million principal amount of unsecured notes outstanding with a fixed stated interest rate of 4.625%,$250.0 million principal amount of unsecured notes outstanding with a fixed stated interest rate of 5.0%, and$250.0 million principal amount of unsecured notes outstanding with a fixed stated interest rate of 4.75%, or collectively, the Senior Notes. In addition, we had$21.6 million outstanding under the Capital Commerce Note with a fixed stated interest rate of 4.5%,$159.5 million outstanding under the Kansas Notes with a fixed stated interest rate of 4.43%,$147.3 million outstanding under the SSA-Baltimore Note with a fixed stated interest rate of 4.5%, and$51.8 million outstanding under the GRES Note with a fixed stated interest rate of 4.91%. We also had$185.0 million outstanding under our Term Loan A with a variable interest rate of 1.7%,$243.8 million outstanding under our Term Loan B with a variable interest rate of 5.5%, and$631.0 million outstanding under our revolving credit facility with a variable weighted average interest rate of 1.7%. As ofJune 30, 2020 , our total weighted average effective interest rate was 4.0%, while our total weighted average maturity was 5.5 years. We may also seek to issue debt or equity securities from time to time when we determine that market conditions and the opportunity to utilize the proceeds from the issuance of such securities are favorable. OnAugust 28, 2018 , we entered into an Amended and Restated ATM Equity Offering Sales Agreement, or ATM Agreement, with multiple sales agents, pursuant to which we may offer and sell to or through the agents, from time to time, shares of our common stock, par value$0.01 per share, having an aggregate gross sales price of up to$200.0 million . Sales, if any, of our shares of common stock will be made primarily in "at-the-market" offerings, as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act. The shares of common stock will be offered and sold pursuant to our registration statement on Form S-3 and a related prospectus supplement, both filed with theSEC onAugust 28, 2018 . We intend to use substantially all of the net proceeds from any sale of shares of our common stock to repay outstanding borrowings or for working capital and other general corporate purposes, which may include investments. There were no shares of our common stock sold under the ATM Agreement during 2020 or 2019.
Facility acquisitions, development, and capital expenditures
OnJanuary 2, 2020 , we completed the acquisition of a portfolio of 28 properties, 24 of which the counter-party contributed to a newly formed partnership of the Company's, for total consideration of$83.2 million , excluding transaction-related expenses. All of the properties are leased to the federal government through the GSA. We financed the acquisition with$7.7 million of cash, assumed debt of$52.2 million and the balance with the issuance of 1.3 million shares of Class A Common Interests in GRES that are convertible into cash or, at our option, shares of our common stock following a two-year holding period on a one-for-one basis, or Operating Partnership Units, using a partnership structure. The assumed debt carries a fixed interest rate of 4.91%, with fixed monthly payments extending throughNovember 2025 , and a balloon payment of$46.2 million due at maturity. For this acquisition, we were able to complete an accretive transaction despite what we believe is a depressed market value of our public securities, by fixing the number ofOperating Partnership Units to be issued based on a negotiated share price collar between$21.00 and$25.00 , or a 17% premium to the price of our common stock as of the date of the acquisition. Creating a partnership structure provides us with another form of capital outside our traditional debt and equity securities, and is attractive to potential sellers because they may be able to defer a substantial portion of income taxes they otherwise may incur by selling their properties to another buyer. OnJanuary 24, 2018 , we entered into a 20-year lease agreement with the KDOC for a 2,432-bed correctional facility to be constructed inLansing, Kansas . We commenced construction of the facility in the first quarter of 2018 and, as ofDecember 31, 2019 , we had capitalized$137.7 million associated with the construction project. InDecember 2019 , theLansing facility began accepting offenders into the 512-bed minimum security complex ahead of schedule, with the remaining 1,920-bed medium/maximum security complex completed inJanuary 2020 , for a total project cost of approximately$155.0 million . Construction of the facility was 100% funded with proceeds from the private placement of theKansas Notes, as previously described herein. This transaction represents the first development of a privately owned, build-to-suit correctional facility operated by a government agency through a long-term lease agreement. We are responsible for facility maintenance throughout the 20-year term of the lease, at which time ownership will revert to the state ofKansas . With the extensively aged criminal justice infrastructure inthe United States today, we believe we can bring our flexible solutions like this to other government agencies. Although disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, several of our existing federal and state partners, as well as prospective state partners, had been experiencing growth in offender populations and overcrowded conditions. Governments are now assessing their need for correctional space in light of COVID-19, and several are considering alternative correctional capacity for their aged or inefficient infrastructure, or are seeking cost savings by utilizing the private sector. Competing budget priorities, which will likely become more challenging because of COVID-19, often impede our customers' ability to construct new prison beds of their own or update older facilities, which we believe could result in further need for private sector prison capacity solutions in the long-term. Over the long-term, we would like to see meaningful utilization of our available capacity and better visibility from our customers into their potential future needs before we develop new prison capacity on a speculative basis. We will, however, respond to customer demand 37 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
and may develop or expand correctional and detention facilities when we believe potential long-term returns justify the capital deployment.
Operating Activities
Our net cash provided by operating activities for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 was$174.3 million , compared with$166.6 million for the same period in the prior year. Our net cash provided by operating activities was$98.9 million during the second quarter of 2020 compared with$75.4 million during the first quarter of 2020, and compared with$88.8 million during the second quarter of 2019. Cash provided by operating activities represents the year to date net income plus depreciation and amortization, changes in various components of working capital, and various non-cash charges.
Investing Activities
Our net cash flow used in investing activities was$50.8 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 and was attributable to capital expenditures for facility development and expansions of$23.5 million and$18.5 million for facility maintenance and information technology capital expenditures. Our cash flow used in investing activities also included$8.8 million primarily attributable to the acquisition of the aforementioned portfolio of 28 properties inJanuary 2020 . Our cash flow used in investing activities was$146.1 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2019 and was attributable to payments totaling$38.6 million , including payments of$30.0 million to the state ofMontana in connection with an agreement with the state ofMontana to extend our ownership of theCrossroads Correctional Center for the estimated duration of its useful life, and acquisitions completed in the first six months of 2019, net of cash acquired. Our net cash flow used in investing activities also included capital expenditures for facility development and expansions of$84.8 million and$23.5 million for facility maintenance and information technology capital expenditures.
Financing Activities
Our net cash flow provided by financing activities was$140.2 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 and was primarily attributable to net borrowings under our revolving credit facility of$266.0 million , partially offset by dividend payments of$106.0 million and$3.6 million for the purchase and retirement of common stock that was issued in connection with equity-based compensation. In addition, cash flow used in financing activities included$15.1 million of scheduled principal repayments under our Term Loan A, Term Loan B, and non-recourse mortgage notes. Our net cash flow used in financing activities was$7.8 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2019 and was primarily attributable to dividend payments of$104.7 million and$3.5 million for the purchase and retirement of common stock that was issued in connection with equity-based compensation. In addition, cash flow used in financing activities included$7.4 million of contingent consideration associated with the acquisition of a business and$5.8 million of scheduled principal repayments under our Term Loan A and non-recourse mortgage notes. These payments were partially offset by$51.0 million of net borrowings under our revolving credit facility, and$62.1 million of proceeds from the quarterly borrowings of the Kansas Notes during the construction period of theLansing Correctional Facility .
Supplemental Guarantor Information
OnMarch 2, 2020 , theSEC adopted final rules that amend and simplify the financial disclosure requirements for subsidiary issuers and guarantors of registered debt securities under Rules 3-10 and 3-16 of SEC Regulation S-X. The new rules permit registrants to provide certain alternative financial disclosures and non-financial disclosures in lieu of separate consolidating financial statements for subsidiary issuers and guarantors of registered debt securities (which we previously included within the notes to our financial statements included in our Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q) if certain conditions are met. Although the disclosures required by the amendments do not become mandatory untilJanuary 4, 2021 , voluntary early compliance is permitted. We have elected to voluntarily comply beginning with the quarterly period endedJune 30, 2020 . All of the domestic subsidiaries ofCoreCivic (as the parent corporation) that guarantee the Credit Agreements have provided full and unconditional guarantees of the Senior Notes. All ofCoreCivic's subsidiaries guaranteeing the Senior Notes are 100% owned direct or indirect subsidiaries ofCoreCivic ; and the subsidiary guarantees are full and unconditional and are joint and several obligations of the guarantors. As ofJune 30, 2020 , neitherCoreCivic nor any of its subsidiary guarantors had any material or significant restrictions onCoreCivic's ability to obtain funds from its subsidiaries by dividend or loan or to transfer assets from such subsidiaries. The indentures governing our Senior Notes contain certain customary covenants that, subject to certain exceptions and qualifications, restrictCoreCivic's ability to, among other things, create or permit to exist certain liens and consolidate, merge or transfer all or 38 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- substantially all ofCoreCivic's assets. In addition, ifCoreCivic experiences specific kinds of changes in control,CoreCivic must offer to repurchase all or a portion of the Senior Notes. The offer price for the Senior Notes in connection with a change in control would be 101% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes repurchased plus accrued and unpaid interest and liquidated damages, if any, on the notes repurchased to the date of purchase. The following tables present summarized information forCoreCivic and the subsidiary guarantors, on a combined basis after elimination of (i) intercompany transactions and balances amongCoreCivic and the subsidiary guarantors and (ii) equity in earnings from, and any investments in, any subsidiary that is a non-guarantor (in thousands). June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 Current assets$ 656,863 $ 402,983 Real estate and related assets 2,678,663 2,738,347 Other assets 222,312 241,823 Total non-current assets 2,900,975 2,980,170 Current liabilities 180,719 258,834 Long-term debt, net 1,882,441 1,629,427 Other liabilities 109,872 118,048 Total long-term liabilities 1,992,313 1,747,475 For the Twelve For the Six Months Ended Months Ended December 31, June 30, 2020 2019 Revenues$ 945,793 $ 1,957,143 Operating expenses 709,180 1,413,627 Other expenses 143,875 268,590 Total expenses 853,055 1,682,217 Operating income 92,738 274,926 Net income 56,578 189,357 Net income attributable to common stockholders 56,578 189,357 Funds from Operations Funds From Operations, or FFO, is a widely accepted supplemental non-GAAP measure utilized to evaluate the operating performance of real estate companies.The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts , or NAREIT, defines FFO as net income computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses from sales of property and extraordinary items, plus depreciation and amortization of real estate and impairment of depreciable real estate and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures calculated to reflect funds from operations on the same basis. We believe FFO is an important supplemental measure of our operating performance and believe it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of REITs, many of which present FFO when reporting results. We also present Normalized FFO as an additional supplemental measure as we believe it is more reflective of our core operating performance. We may make adjustments to FFO from time to time for certain other income and expenses that we consider non-recurring, infrequent or unusual, even though such items may require cash settlement, because such items do not reflect a necessary or ordinary component of our ongoing operations. Even though expenses associated with M&A may be recurring, the magnitude and timing fluctuate based on the timing and scope of M&A activity, and therefore, such expenses, which are not a necessary component of our ongoing operations, may not be comparable from period to period. Start-up expenses represent the incremental operating losses incurred during the period we were activating idle correctional facilities. Normalized FFO excludes the effects of such items. FFO and Normalized FFO are supplemental non-GAAP financial measures of real estate companies' operating performance, which do not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP and therefore should not be considered an alternative for net income or as a measure of liquidity. Our method of calculating FFO and Normalized FFO may be different from methods used by other REITs and, accordingly, may not be comparable to such other REITs. 39 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Our reconciliation of net income to FFO and Normalized FFO for the three and six
months ended
For the Three Months Ended June 30, FUNDS FROM OPERATIONS: 2020 2019 Net income$ 22,186 $ 48,578 Depreciation and amortization of real estate assets 28,244
26,503
Impairment of real estate assets 9,750
4,428
Gain on sale of real estate assets (2,818 ) (287 ) Funds From Operations 57,362
79,222
Expenses associated with mergers and acquisitions -
438
Expenses associated with COVID-19 8,165 -
Expenses associated with evaluation of corporate
structure alternatives 347 - Start-up expenses -
2,687
Goodwill and other impairments 1,967
278
Normalized Funds From Operations$ 67,841 $ 82,625 For the Six Months Ended June 30, FUNDS FROM OPERATIONS: 2020 2019 Net income$ 55,424 $ 97,918
Depreciation and amortization of real estate assets 56,350
53,102
Impairment of real estate assets 10,155
4,428
Gain on sale of real estate assets (2,818 ) (287 ) Funds From Operations 119,111
155,161
Expenses associated with mergers and acquisitions 338
874
Expenses associated with COVID-19 8,165
-
Expenses associated with evaluation of corporate
structure alternatives 347
-
Deferred tax expense onKansas lease structure 3,085
-
Start-up expenses -
2,687
Goodwill and other impairments 2,098
278
Normalized Funds From Operations$ 133,144 $ 159,000 Contractual Obligations
The following schedule summarizes our contractual cash obligations by the
indicated period as of
Payments Due By Year Ended
2020 (remainder) 2021 2022 2023 2024 Thereafter Total Long-term debt$ 17,130 $ 40,047 $
293,990
other commitments 2,368 - - - - - 2,368
South Texas Family Residential Center 25,922 37,333
- - - - 63,255 Operating leases 2,722 5,214 4,197 3,145 3,135 24,184 42,597
Total contractual cash obligations
The cash obligations in the table above do not include future cash obligations for variable interest expense associated with our Term Loan A, Term Loan B or the balance on our outstanding revolving credit facility as projections would be based on future outstanding balances as well as future variable interest rates, and we are unable to make reliable estimates of either. The contractual facility developments included in the table above represent development projects for which we have already entered into a contract with a customer that obligates us to complete the development project. Certain of our other ongoing construction projects are not currently 40
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- under contract and thus are not included as a contractual obligation above as we may generally suspend or terminate such projects without substantial penalty. With respect to the South Texas Family Residential Center, the cash obligations included in the table above reflect the full contractual obligations of the lease of the site, excluding contingent payments, even though the lease agreement provides us with the ability to terminate if ICE terminates the amended IGSA associated with the facility. We had$14.8 million of letters of credit outstanding atJune 30, 2020 primarily to support our requirement to repay fees and claims under our self-insured workers' compensation plan in the event we do not repay the fees and claims due in accordance with the terms of the plan. The letters of credit are renewable annually. We did not have any draws under these outstanding letters of credit during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 or 2019.
INFLATION
Many of our contracts include provisions for inflationary indexing, which mitigates an adverse impact of inflation on net income. However, a substantial increase in personnel costs, workers' compensation or food and medical expenses could have an adverse impact on our results of operations in the future to the extent that these expenses increase at a faster pace than the per diem or fixed rates we receive for our management services. We outsource our food service operations to a third party. The contract with our outsourced food service vendor contains certain protections against increases in food costs.
SEASONALITY AND QUARTERLY RESULTS
Our business is subject to seasonal fluctuations. Because we are generally compensated for operating and managing correctional, detention, and reentry facilities at a per diem rate, our financial results are impacted by the number of calendar days in a fiscal quarter. Our fiscal year follows the calendar year and therefore, our daily profits for the third and fourth quarters include two more days than the first quarter (except in leap years) and one more day than the second quarter. Further, salaries and benefits represent the most significant component of operating expenses. Significant portions of our unemployment taxes are recognized during the first quarter, when base wage rates reset for unemployment tax purposes. Finally, quarterly results are affected by government funding initiatives, acquisitions, the timing of the opening of new facilities, or the commencement of new management contracts and related start-up expenses which may mitigate or exacerbate the impact of other seasonal influences. Because of these seasonality factors, results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be achieved for the full fiscal year.
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