Energy Fuels‘ (TSX:
EFR,NYSEMKT:UUUU)
Mark Chalmers feels optimistic about the future prospects for both
the uranium and vanadium markets. As the largest uranium producer
in the US and the only primary producer of vanadium in the country,
Energy Fuels is positioned to capitalize on the strategic interest
of the US on these two critical materials.
In the interview below, Chalmers
describes the landscape for both the uranium and vanadium markets,
particularly with regards to their role in the green economy. He
also addresses what it means to be a US-based producer in a time
where the country is focused on developing domestic production
of
critical materials
.
Below is a transcript of our
interview with Energy Fuels CEO Mark Chalmers. It has been edited
for clarity and brevity.
Investing News Network: How is it that your company is
positioned for growth in the green economy? What makes your
properties key to supplying increasing demand in that sector?
Energy Fuels CEO Mark Chalmers:
I think that the fact that we are
producers of both uranium and vanadium really is a differentiator
for the company. We’re the largest producer of uranium in the US,
and the only primary producer of vanadium. That is a unique
combination because you have baseload energy with uranium and
vanadium is getting increasing attention for renewable energy
storage, as well as its common use as a steel strengthener. I’m
proud of how we are positioned in this space.
INN: Let’s talk about the growing demand for uranium. If we’re
going to be moving to greener sources of power generation, we’re
going to need uranium.
MC:
Correct. I think that there’s a
growing realization that you cannot get there with renewables
alone. Nuclear power use is growing particularly in Asia, India and
is pretty stable in the other parts of the world. You’re not going
to get there without a clean baseload energy like
nuclear.
INN: There’s a sense that nobody is building nuclear power
generation plants any longer. That’s not true, is it?
MC:
No it’s not true. Most of the
growth is in China, India, and of course, there are a number of
reactors that are being constructed today. There’s a few in the US
and in Europe, but the growth is definitely in these developing
countries.
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INN: For anybody who’s concerned about CO2 production, the
greatest sources of CO2 in the world are coming out of both China
and India with the burning of coal to produce electricity,
correct?
MC:
Yes. Fossil fuels generate a lot of
greenhouse gas emissions and nuclear doesn’t. So, if you’re really
serious about climate change, you have to be in support of nuclear
energy.
INN: A lot of people aren’t familiar with vanadium. How do you
describe it?
MC:
Vanadium is a funky metal that can
be very volatile. Historically, it’s been used for steel hardening
going back decades. A couple of pounds of vanadium will double the
strength of steel. It’s also a unique metal in the fact that it has
these multi-valences that makes it particularly attractive for
energy battery storage. Probably 85 percent to 90 percent of the
vanadium uses today are for steel hardening. However, this past
year, there was more vanadium used for batteries than in the last
20 years.
The vanadium redox flow battery has
very good characteristics. It charges faster and has more life
cycles than lithium-ion batteries. So, it’s getting some really
solid attention.
INN: When we take a look at the need for battery improvement,
vanadium is going to play an important role in advancing that and
we’re already starting to see that.
MC:
Yes. There is a number of companies
that have started up and are commercially producing vanadium
batteries. It’s not a portable battery. It uses a larger footprint
for solar rays, wind rays and others. It’s gaining popularity very
quickly.
INN: And this continues to make what your company is generating
that much more attractive.
MC:
Indeed. Our company has the largest
portfolio of uranium assets, both in-situ and conventional, in the
US. We also have the only vanadium processing plant in all of North
America, which has been producing since Q4 2018. We’re proud of how
unique our assets are and how we are ideally placed for strong
recovery as prices of uranium improve and as the vanadium market
continues to evolve.
INN: It’s important to note that you are a US-based company, is
that correct?
MC:
Correct. I’ve spent half of my
career working out of Australia, Southern Africa, and Kazakhstan,
but we are solely US-focused at this point in time. When the time
is right, we will look at other opportunities outside the
US.
INN: At the moment, does being based in the US give you a
particular competitive advantage?
MC:
The United States is the largest
consumer of uranium in the world. It consumes about a third of the
world’s uranium, and we have direct access to that. Uranium and
vanadium are both on the critical minerals list, and we have
exposure to that too.
Together with Ur-Energy
(TSX:
URE
,NYSEMARKETS:URG) we have filed
a
Section 232
petition, going back to a National
Defense issue with low production rates of uranium in the US.
Despite the high levels of consumption, the US is only currently
producing about 1 percent of the country’s requirements. That’s a
shocking shortfall for the largest uranium consumer in the world.
We think our petition is on very solid ground and we believe we’ll
get relief of some form.
INN: What is Bill 232?
MC:
Section 232 is a law that is part
of the Trade Act from approximately 1961, and it’s only been used a
few times. It is actually the same law that applies to steel and
aluminum. We think that the uranium one we submitted is the best of
the 232s, more so than the other petitions that have been filed.
So, we’re very encouraged by it.
As a company, we believe that we
are looking at a national security issue both for power generation
and for our navy, which has approximately 100 ships and submarines
that are nuclear powered. If you combine that with the 99 reactors
in the country, you can see uranium is a very important element for
the US.
We’ve asked for a quota instead of
a tariff. A 25 percent quota of US electricity generation
requirements, which is about 12 million pounds per year. This year,
the US will probably produce less than a million pounds, so that is
pretty big shortfall. We also have a long history with our allies,
Canada and Australia, which will certainly continue, but we need
more production in-country to reduce imports from countries like
Russia, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
INN: When you take this combination of your petition with Bill
232 and the fact that you are a US-based producer, it puts you in a
pretty nice market position.
MC:
Well, it gives us a lot of
optionality. Those that are producing outside of the US, would love
to have our optionality in both uranium and vanadium. We are
blessed with a very unique position. I came back from working half
of my career in Australia for this opportunity with Energy Fuels
because I want the company to be the emerging darling as a uranium
and vanadium producer in the country.
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Energy Fuels CEO: We Have the Only Vanadium Processing Plant in
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