For the Three Months Ended
The following information should be read in conjunction with our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes, together with our discussion and analysis of financial position and results of operations, included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 (the "2019 Form 10-K"), as filed onFebruary 28, 2020 with theU.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") inthe United States ("U.S.").
Key References Used in this Management's Discussion and Analysis
Unless the context requires otherwise, references to "we," "us," "our" or "Enterprise" are intended to mean the business and operations ofEnterprise Products Partners L.P. and its consolidated subsidiaries. References to "EPD" or the "Partnership" meanEnterprise Products Partners L.P. on a standalone basis. References to "EPO" meanEnterprise Products Operating LLC , which is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of EPD, and its consolidated subsidiaries, through which EPD conducts its business. Enterprise is managed by its general partner,Enterprise Products Holdings LLC ("Enterprise GP"), which is a wholly owned subsidiary ofDan Duncan LLC , a privately heldTexas limited liability company. The membership interests ofDan Duncan LLC are owned by a voting trust, the current trustees ("DD LLC Trustees") of which are: (i)Randa Duncan Williams , who is also a director and Chairman of the Board of Directors (the "Board") of Enterprise GP; (ii)Richard H. Bachmann , who is also a director and Vice Chairman of theBoard of Enterprise GP ; and (iii) Dr.Ralph S. Cunningham , who is also an advisory director of Enterprise GP. Ms.Duncan Williams andMr. Bachmann also currently serve as managers ofDan Duncan LLC along withW. Randall Fowler , who is also a director and the Co-Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Enterprise GP. References to "EPCO" meanEnterprise Products Company , a privately heldTexas corporation, and its privately held affiliates. A majority of the outstanding voting capital stock of EPCO is owned by a voting trust, the current trustees ("EPCO Trustees") of which are: (i) Ms.Duncan Williams , who serves as Chairman of EPCO; (ii)Dr. Cunningham , who serves as Vice Chairman of EPCO; and (iii)Mr. Bachmann , who serves as the President and Chief Executive Officer of EPCO. Ms.Duncan Williams andMr. Bachmann also currently serve as directors of EPCO along withMr. Fowler , who is also the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of EPCO. EPCO, together with its privately held affiliates, owned approximately 32.1% of EPD's limited partner common units atMarch 31, 2020 .
As generally used in the energy industry and in this quarterly report, the acronyms below have the following meanings:
/d = per day MMBbls = million barrels
BBtus = billion British thermal units MMBPD = million barrels per day Bcf = billion cubic feet
MMBtus = million British thermal
units
BPD = barrels per day MMcf = million cubic feet
MBPD = thousand barrels per day TBtus = trillion British thermal units
As used in this quarterly report, the phrase "quarter-to-quarter" means the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019.
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains various forward-looking statements and information that are based on our beliefs and those of our general partner, as well as assumptions made by us and information currently available to us. When used in this document, words such as "anticipate," "project," "expect," "plan," "seek," "goal," "estimate," "forecast," "intend," "could," "should," "would," "will," "believe," "may," "potential" and similar expressions and statements regarding our plans and objectives for future operations are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Although we and our general partner believe that our expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements (including the forward-looking statements/expectations of third parties referenced in this quarterly report) are reasonable, neither we nor our general partner can give any assurances that such expectations will prove to be correct. Forward-looking statements are subject to a variety of risks, uncertainties and assumptions as described in more detail under Part I, Item 1A of our 2019 Form 10-K and within Part II, Item 1A of this quarterly report. These risks include recent impacts of COVID-19 and decreases in certain commodity prices resulting from demand weakness and oversupply, which are discussed in Part II, Item 1A "Risk Factors" of this quarterly report, and this Part I, Item 2. If one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or if underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated, projected or expected. You should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements in this quarterly report speak only as of the date hereof. Except as required by federal and state securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or any other reason.
Overview of Business
We are a publicly tradedDelaware limited partnership, the common units of which are listed on theNew York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the ticker symbol "EPD." We were formed inApril 1998 to own and operate certain natural gas liquids ("NGLs") related businesses of EPCO and are a leading North American provider of midstream energy services to producers and consumers of natural gas, NGLs, crude oil, petrochemicals and refined products. Our integrated midstream energy asset network links producers of natural gas, NGLs and crude oil from some of the largest supply basins in theU.S. ,Canada and theGulf of Mexico with domestic consumers and international markets. Our midstream energy operations currently include: natural gas gathering, treating, processing, transportation and storage; NGL transportation, fractionation, storage, and export and import terminals (including those used to export liquefied petroleum gases, or "LPG," and ethane); crude oil gathering, transportation, storage, and export and import terminals; petrochemical and refined products transportation, storage, export and import terminals, and related services; and a marine transportation business that operates primarily on theU.S. inland andIntracoastal Waterway systems. Our assets currently include approximately 50,000 miles of pipelines; 260 MMBbls of storage capacity for NGLs, crude oil, petrochemicals and refined products; and 14 Bcf of natural gas storage capacity. We conduct substantially all of our business through EPO and are owned 100% by EPD's limited partners from an economic perspective. Enterprise GP manages our partnership and owns a non-economic general partner interest in us. We,Enterprise GP, EPCO and Dan Duncan LLC are affiliates under the collective common control of theDD LLC Trustees and the EPCO Trustees. Like many publicly traded partnerships, we have no employees. All of our management, administrative and operating functions are performed by employees of EPCO pursuant to an administrative services agreement (the "ASA") or by other service providers. Our operations are reported under four business segments: (i) NGL Pipelines & Services, (ii) Crude Oil Pipelines & Services, (iii) Natural Gas Pipelines & Services, and (iv) Petrochemical & Refined Products Services. Our business segments are generally organized and managed according to the types of services rendered (or technologies employed) and products produced and/or sold. 45
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Each of our business segments benefits from the supporting role of our related marketing activities. The main purpose of our marketing activities is to support the utilization and expansion of assets across our midstream energy asset network by increasing the volumes handled by such assets, which results in additional fee-based earnings for each business segment. In performing these support roles, our marketing activities also seek to participate in supply and demand opportunities as a supplemental source of gross operating margin, a non-generally accepted accounting principle ("non-GAAP") financial measure, for the partnership. The financial results of our marketing efforts fluctuate due to changes in volumes handled and overall market conditions, which are influenced by current and forward market prices for the products bought and sold.
We provide investors access to additional information regarding our partnership, including information relating to our governance procedures and principles, through our website, www.enterpriseproducts.com.
Update on 2020 Outlook - Coronavirus and Oil Price Shock
As noted previously, this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, including this Update on 2020 Outlook, contains forward-looking statements that are based on our beliefs and those of our general partner, as well as assumptions made by us and information currently available to us, which includes forecast information published by third parties. See "Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information" within this Part I, Item 2 and "Risk Factors" in Part II, Item 1A, for additional information. The following update to our 2020 Outlook replaces the general outlook provided in our 2019 Form 10-K under Part II, Item 7.
The global energy industry is being severely impacted by two historic events that began during the first quarter of 2020:
• the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 ("COVID-19") as a global pandemic and
its devastating effect on the global economy and energy demand; and
• the initiation of a crude oil price war in
(collectively, the "OPEC+" group) and its effect on global crude oil supplies.
OPEC+ subsequently agreed in
beginning with the
The consequences of international COVID-19 containment measures (and the resulting dramatic declines in end-user demand for hydrocarbons in general), paired with threatened and actual overproduction of crude oil inApril 2020 bySaudi Arabia andRussia (in their attempt to gain market share from each other andU.S. shale producers), resulted in major disruptions to global energy markets. As a midstream energy company, these macroeconomic events have a direct impact on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. As noted in our 2019 Form 10-K, changes in the supply of and demand for hydrocarbon products impacts both the volume of products that we sell and the level of services that we provide to customers. 46
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The ongoing COVID-19 public health emergency has resulted in record, near-term decreases in hydrocarbon demand due to travel restrictions, quarantines, temporary business closures and other measures. In itsApril 2020 Oil Market Report datedApril 15, 2020 (the "April 2020 Report"), theInternational Energy Agency ("IEA") estimated that global crude oil demand forApril 2020 declined by approximately 29 MMBPD when compared toApril 2019 . ForMay 2020 , the IEA forecasts that demand may be down by approximately 26 MMBPD when compared toMay 2019 . Within a few months of its initial discovery inChina , the highly infectious COVID-19 virus spread across the globe and achieved pandemic status at the end ofJanuary 2020 .U.S. federal, state and local governments, along with governments of most other developed economies, have imposed significant restrictions, including stay-at-home directives, on their populations in an attempt to stem the spread of the disease. As ofApril 15, 2020 , a total of 187 countries and territories had enacted some form of containment measures. Although these restrictions have had significant economic repercussions, including dramatic declines in end-user demand for hydrocarbons in general, the spread of the disease has been slowed in some regions. Many countries, including theU.S. , have either enacted or are considering enacting stimulus measures to support recovery of their economies. For example, onMarch 27, 2020 , the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act") was enacted by theU.S. , which, at$2.2 trillion , is the largest-ever economic stimulus package inU.S. history. In addition, many central banks across the globe have embarked on significant monetary stimulus programs. OnFebruary 13, 2020 , the IEA forecasted that global demand for crude oil would fall to its lowest rate since 2011 due to the effects of COVID-19. As a result, and in connection with a significant drop in hydrocarbon demand inChina due to spread of the disease in that country, the OPEC+ group met in earlyMarch 2020 to discuss cutting its crude oil production by an additional 1.5 MMBPD through the second quarter of 2020.OPEC called onRussia to join them in the proposed cuts, which was promptly rejected byRussia . OnMarch 10, 2020 ,Saudi Arabia responded by initiating a price war withRussia by increasing its April production from 9.7 MMBPD to approximately 12.3 MMBPD, whileRussia responded by declaring that it would increase its crude oil production by 300 MBPD to approximately 11.5 MMBPD. The actual and threatened actions bySaudi Arabia andRussia resulted in an immediate, severe decline in crude oil prices. For example, West Texas Intermediate ("WTI") crude oil prices atCushing, Oklahoma (as reported by the NYMEX) decreased from$41.28 per barrel onMarch 6, 2020 to$31.13 onMarch 9, 2020 . Subsequently, WTI prices fluctuated from a high of$34.36 per barrel to a low of$20.09 per barrel throughMarch 31, 2020 . In contrast, WTI prices closed at$61.06 per barrel onDecember 31, 2019 . InApril 2020 , at the urging ofPresident Trump ,OPEC andRussia met again to discuss ways to stabilize the global oil markets. After intense negotiations,OPEC andRussia agreed to reduce their combined oil production by 9.7 MMBPD in May andJune 2020 , 7.7 MMBPD from July throughDecember 2020 and 5.8 MMBPD fromJanuary 2021 toApril 2022 . Moreover, theU.S. ,Brazil andCanada contributed an aggregate 3.7 MMBPD of additional reductions on the basis that adverse market dynamics (e.g., COVID-19 demand destruction) will naturally result in lower production from their respective energy industries. The new OPEC+ agreement will be reevaluated inDecember 2021 . The length of the output restrictions byU.S. ,Brazil andCanada will depend on market forces, which are based on supply and demand fundamentals. Even with the recent production cuts announced by the OPEC+ group and others, the IEA in itsApril 2020 Report expects that global crude oil inventories will continue to rise over the near term. Notwithstanding the announced production cuts, crude oil prices further collapsed inApril 2020 , with the WTI price for May delivery closing at negative$37.63 per barrel onApril 20, 2020 . Per itsApril 2020 Report, the IEA expects that a gradual recovery in crude oil demand will gain traction inJune 2020 , although demand is estimated to be approximately 15 MMBPD lower than inJune 2019 . Overall, the IEA expects global crude oil demand to average 90.6 MMBPD in 2020, which represents a decline of approximately 9 MMBPD from 2019. As demand increases in the second half of 2020, the IEA expects that global crude oil and refined product inventories will begin to decrease, which should support moderate increases in energy commodity prices. WTI closed at$24.56 per barrel onMay 5, 2020 . 47
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These macroeconomic events are contributing to a number of significant developments within the domestic energy industry that impact our industry outlook for 2020. According to published reports, these developments include:
• Most oil producers in
completion of new wells. According to a report published by the Federal
from
Shale averaging
bankruptcies by shale oil producers are expected to increase according to a
Rystad Energy report published on
bankruptcy due to the crude oil price crash.
Notwithstanding reductions in the drilling and completion of new wells,U.S. producers continued to pump at near-record highs of approximately 13 MMBPD in lateMarch 2020 (down to 12.3 MMBPD byApril 10, 2020 ). With the reduction in end-user demand caused by COVID-19, certain independent producers filed a complaint seeking that theRailroad Commission of Texas ("Texas RRC"), which has certain regulatory power over crude oil production inTexas , consider curtailing production for the first time in 50 years. Other states are also considering production curtailments. The Texas RRC held an open meeting onApril 14, 2020 to discuss prorationing with various energy companies and other interested parties; however, onMay 5, 2020 , the commissioners passed a motion to dismiss the prorationing complaint. We continue to monitor state regulatory developments. Although we expect a near-term reduction in volumes as the effects of these developments ripple through the major production basins, the long term impacts are not known at this time. We may experience throughput declines in the second half of 2020 on our gathering systems, long-haul liquids and natural gas pipelines and at our terminal, fractionation and export facilities. To the extent that we have firm transportation agreements (e.g., ship-or-pay arrangements) and the shipper/customer has sufficient liquidity to satisfy its contractual commitments, we expect the near-term impacts to be manageable. The expected reduction in upstream production and a lack of downstream global markets is negatively impacting the export of crude oil and basic petrochemicals from our marine terminals; however, LPG export demand has thus far remained resilient. Notably, markets that experience extreme demand shocks like the current environment generally need significant amounts of immediate storage capacity, which we can help provide.
• Capital spending throughout the domestic energy industry is being significantly
reduced to protect cash flow. For example, integrated oil majors
Corporation and ExxonMobil recently announced reductions in their 2020 capital
expenditure budgets of 20% (as of
2020), respectively. Many smaller and independent energy producers are not
expected to have the same level of access to the capital markets as they did
during the previous downturn in 2015/2016.
Based on information currently available, we now expect our total capital investments for 2020 to approximate$2.8 billion to$3.3 billion (previously$3.4 billion to$4.4 billion ), which reflects growth capital investments of$2.5 billion to$3.0 billion (previously$3.0 billion to$4.0 billion ) and approximately$300 million for sustaining capital expenditures (previously$400 million ). We currently expect our growth capital investments on sanctioned projects for 2021 and 2022 to approximate$2.5 billion and$1.5 billion , respectively. These amounts do not include capital investments associated with our proposed deepwater offshore crude oil terminal (theSea Port Oil Terminal or "SPOT"), which remains subject to governmental approvals. We do not expect to receive governmental approvals for SPOT in 2020. 48
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• Downstream demand for hydrocarbon products such as gasoline and jet fuel is
expected to remain depressed until the COVID-19 containment measures are lifted
and the economy sufficiently improves. Refiners have significantly reduced
their utilization rates in response to the lack of domestic and international
demand. According to the IEA's
for 2020 is forecast to fall 7.6 MMBPD to 74.3 MMBPD in 2020 on sharply reduced
demand for transportation fuels. Global refinery intake is expected to
decrease 16 MMBPD in the second quarter of 2020 when compared to the second
quarter of 2019. Although refinery runs are falling, the IEA expects that
refined product inventories will increase by 6 MMBPD due to drastically lower
demand. The IEA expects that refining activity will slowly recover in the
second half of 2020. As a result of the decline in downstream refinery activity and demand for transportation fuels, we expect near-term declines in our petrochemical and refined products businesses, particularly in volumes attributable to ourMont Belvieu octane enhancement facilities and related plants. We also expect near-term reductions in propylene fractionation volumes in the second quarter of 2020. Volumes at our facilities should improve as COVID-19 containment measures are lifted and economic conditions improve. Although the outlook for 2020 includes major challenges for the domestic energy industry, we believe that our partnership was in a strong financial position entering into these unprecedented events and can endure through this economic cycle due to the following:
• We entered 2020 in the strongest financial position in our 22-year history,
with a solid balance sheet, strong liquidity and good coverage of the cash
distribution. Our liquidity is supported by investment grade credit ratings on
EPO's long-term senior unsecured debt of BBB+, Baa1 and BBB+ from Standard &
Poors, Moody's and Fitch, respectively;
• At
on hand. This includes a second 364-Day Revolving Credit Agreement that we
entered into on
• We do not currently anticipate any need to access the debt capital markets
until 2021. We completed a
that provided funds to repay all of our
in 2020, and believe that we will have sufficient liquidity and/or access to
debt capital markets to fund
• In addition to the adjustments we made to our capital spending program for 2020
noted previously, we continue to discuss project commitments with customers and
joint venture opportunities with strategic partners to optimize our use of
available liquidity. These efforts could further reduce our planned growth
capital investments for 2020, 2021 and 2022;
• Our business is predominately fee-based (approximately 86% in 2019), with a
substantial portion backed by take-or-pay arrangements;
• Across all of our assets, we have contracted with a large number of quality
customers in order to achieve customer diversification. In 2019, our top 200
largest customers represented 96% of consolidated revenues. Based on their
respective year-end 2019 debt ratings, 81% of our top 200 customers were either
investment grade rated or backed by letters of credit. Additionally, only 6%
of our top 200 customer revenues were attributable to sub-investment grade or
non-rated upstream producers. Given the current market environment, the rating
agencies have taken numerous rating actions, including downgrades, across the
energy industry. After adjusting for all ratings actions through
2020, we estimate that 78% of our top 200 customers remain investment grade
rated or are backed by letters of credit;
• We continue to leverage our assets to provide incremental services to customers
during this difficult period and to respond to market opportunities caused by
the destruction in near-term hydrocarbon demand and the related price shocks on
crude oil, NGLs, refined products and petrochemicals. Currently, crude oil
prices, along with those of certain refined products, are in contango as
near-term deliveries trade at steep discounts to contracts further out in time;
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• Our LPG export terminals continue to operate at high levels of utilization,
thus far demonstrating resilient international demand for these energy commodities; and
• In light of current events, we are closely monitoring the recoverability of our
long-lived assets, equity method investments, intangible assets and goodwill
carrying values for potential impairment. We did not recognize any significant
non-cash asset impairment charges during the first quarter of 2020. However,
if the impacts from the outbreak of COVID-19 and adverse developments in the
global energy markets persist for significantly longer periods than currently
expected, these events could result in asset impairment charges in the future.
Other Recent Developments
Enterprise Enters Into
InApril 2020 , EPO entered into an additional 364-day revolving credit agreement (the "April 2020 364-Day Credit Agreement"). The new agreement provides EPO with an incremental$1.0 billion of borrowing capacity, thereby increasing its overall borrowing capacity under its credit agreements to$6.0 billion . TheApril 2020 364-Day Credit Agreement enhances our financial flexibility during the current economic downturn caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and oil price shock. Under the terms of theApril 2020 364-Day Credit Agreement, EPO may borrow up to$1.0 billion at a variable interest rate for a term of 364 days, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein. EPO may use proceeds from borrowings under theApril 2020 364-Day Credit Agreement for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other company purposes.
Enterprise Provides Distribution and Buyback Guidance for 2020
OnMarch 18, 2020 , the Board declared a quarterly cash distribution to be paid to our limited partners with respect to the first quarter of 2020 of$0.4450 per common unit, or$1.78 per unit on an annualized basis. The quarterly distribution associated with the first quarter of 2020 is payable onMay 12, 2020 , to unitholders of record as of the close of business onApril 30, 2020 . This distribution represents a 1.7% increase over the distribution declared with respect to the first quarter of 2019. In light of current economic conditions, management will evaluate future cash distributions in 2020 on a quarterly basis. The payment of any quarterly cash distribution is subject to Board approval and management's evaluation of our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows in connection with such payments. InJanuary 2020 , management announced its intention to use approximately 2.0% of net cash flow provided by operating activities, or cash flow from operations ("CFFO"), in 2020 to repurchase EPD common units under the Buyback Program approved inJanuary 2019 (the "2019 Buyback Program"). For information regarding the 2019 Buyback Program, including repurchases of common units in the first quarter of 2020, see "Liquidity and Capital Resources - Common Unit Buyback Program" within this Part I, Item 2.
Settlement of Liquidity Option
OnFebruary 25, 2020 , the Partnership received notice fromMarquard & Bahls AG ("M&B") of its election to exercise its rights (the "Liquidity Option") under the Liquidity Option Agreement among EPD,Oiltanking Holding Americas, Inc. ("OTA") and M&B datedOctober 1, 2014 (the "Liquidity Option Agreement"). OnMarch 5, 2020 , we settled our obligations under the Liquidity Option Agreement by issuing 54,807,352 new EPD common units toSkyline North Americas, Inc. ("Skyline," an affiliate of M&B) in exchange for the capital stock of OTA. Upon settlement of the Liquidity Option, we indirectly acquired the 54,807,352 EPD common units owned by OTA (which were issued to OTA inOctober 2014 ) and assumed all future income tax obligations of OTA, including its deferred tax liability. AtMarch 5, 2020 , OTA's assets and liabilities consisted primarily of the EPD common units it owned and the related deferred tax liability, respectively. 50
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AtMarch 5, 2020 , our accrual for the Liquidity Option liability was$511.9 million . The Liquidity Option liability, at any measurement date, represents the present value of estimated federal and state income taxes that we believe a market participant would incur due to ownership of OTA, including its deferred income tax liabilities. OTA's deferred tax liability atMarch 5, 2020 was$439.7 million . The market value of the new EPD common units issued to Skyline was$1.30 billion based on a closing price of$23.67 per unit onMarch 5, 2020 . The 54,807,352 new EPD common units issued to Skyline upon settlement of the Liquidity Option constitute "restricted securities" in the meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") and may not be resold except pursuant to an effective registration statement or an available exemption under the Securities Act. In connection with the settlement of the Liquidity Option, Enterprise entered into a Registration Rights Agreement (the "Registration Rights Agreement") with Skyline. Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, Skyline has the right to request that we prepare and file a registration statement to permit and otherwise facilitate the public resale of all or a portion of such EPD common units that Skyline and its affiliates then own. Our obligation to Skyline to effect such transactions is limited to five registration statements and underwritten offerings. As a result of the Liquidity Option settlement, the partners' capital balance for common units (as presented on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet) increased by the$1.30 billion market value of the new EPD common units issued to Skyline. Since OTA does not meet the definition of a business as described in ASC 805, Business Combinations, the acquisition of OTA was accounted for as the purchase of treasury units and the assumption of related deferred income tax liability. In consolidation, we present the 54,807,352 EPD common units owned by OTA as treasury units, with their historical cost based on the$1.30 billion market value of the 54,807,352 new EPD common units issued to Skyline. For information regarding the impact of the settlement on our earnings for the first quarter of 2020, see "Income Statement Highlights - Income Taxes" within this Item 2.
Issuance of
InJanuary 2020 , EPO issued$3.0 billion aggregate principal amount of senior notes comprised of (i)$1.0 billion principal amount of senior notes dueJanuary 2030 ("Senior Notes AAA"), (ii)$1.0 billion principal amount of senior notes dueJanuary 2051 ("Senior Notes BBB") and (iii)$1.0 billion principal amount of senior notes dueJanuary 2060 ("Senior Notes CCC"). Net proceeds from this offering were used by EPO for the repayment of$500 million principal amount of its Senior Notes Q that matured inJanuary 2020 , temporary repayment of amounts outstanding under its commercial paper program and for general company purposes. In addition, net proceeds from this offering will be used by EPO for the repayment of$1.0 billion principal amount of its Senior Notes Y upon their maturity inSeptember 2020 . Senior Notes AAA were issued at 99.921% of their principal amount and have a fixed-rate interest rate of 2.80% per year. Senior Notes BBB were issued at 99.413% of their principal amount and have a fixed-rate interest rate of 3.70% per year. Senior Notes CCC were issued at 99.360% of their principal amount and have a fixed-rate interest rate of 3.95% per year. EPD guaranteed these senior notes through an unconditional guarantee on an unsecured and unsubordinated basis. 51
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Selected Energy Commodity Price Data
The following table presents selected average index prices for natural gas and selected NGL and petrochemical products for the periods indicated:
Polymer Refinery
Natural Normal Natural
Grade Grade Processing
Gas, Ethane, Propane, Butane, Isobutane, Gasoline,
Propylene, Propylene, Gross Spread
$/MMBtu $/gallon $/gallon $/gallon $/gallon $/gallon
$/pound $/pound $/gallon
(1) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) 2019 by quarter: 1st Quarter$3.15 $0.30 $0.67 $0.82 $0.85 $1.16 $0.38 $0.24 $0.31 2nd Quarter$2.64 $0.21 $0.55 $0.63 $0.65 $1.21 $0.37 $0.24 $0.25 3rd Quarter$2.23 $0.17 $0.44 $0.51 $0.66 $1.06 $0.38 $0.23 $0.21 4th Quarter$2.50 $0.19 $0.50 $0.68 $0.82 $1.20 $0.35 $0.21 $0.25 2019 Averages$2.63 $0.22 $0.54 $0.66 $0.75 $1.16
2020 by quarter: 1st Quarter$1.95 $0.14 $0.37 $0.57 $0.63 $0.93 $0.31 $0.18 $0.19
(1) Natural gas prices are based on Henry-Hub Inside FERC commercial index prices
as reported by Platts, which is a division of
are based on Mont Belvieu Non-TET commercial index prices as reported by Oil
product as reported by IHS Chemical, a division of
Chemical"). Refinery grade propylene prices represent weighted-average spot
prices for such product as reported by IHS Chemical. (4) The "Indicative Gas Processing Gross Spread" represents a generic estimate of
the gross economic benefit from extracting NGLs from natural gas production
based on certain pricing assumptions. Specifically, it is the amount by
which the assumed economic value of a composite gallon of NGLs at Mont
Belvieu,
natural gas at Henry Hub,
indicative spread does not consider the operating costs incurred by a natural
gas processing facility to extract the NGLs nor the transportation and
fractionation costs to deliver the NGLs to market. In addition, the actual
gas processing spread earned at each plant is determined by regional pricing
and extraction dynamics. As presented in the table above, the indicative
spread assumes that a gallon of NGLs is comprised of 47% ethane, 28% propane,
9% normal butane, 6% isobutane and 10% natural gasoline. The value of an
equivalent amount of energy in natural gas to one gallon of NGLs is assumed
to be 8.4% of the price of a MMBtu of natural gas at Henry Hub.
The weighted-average indicative market price for NGLs was$0.35 per gallon in the first quarter of 2020 versus$0.57 per gallon during the first quarter of 2019. The following table presents selected average index prices for crude oil for the periods indicated: WTI Midland Houston LLS Crude Oil, Crude Oil, Crude Oil Crude Oil, $/barrel $/barrel $/barrel $/barrel (1) (2) (2) (3) 2019 by quarter: 1st Quarter$54.90 $53.70 $61.19 $62.35 2nd Quarter$59.81 $57.62 $66.47 $67.07 3rd Quarter$56.45 $56.12 $59.75 $60.64 4th Quarter$56.96 $57.80 $60.04 $60.76 2019 Averages$57.03 $56.31 $61.86 $62.71 2020 by quarter: 1st Quarter$46.17 $45.51 $47.81 $48.15
(1) WTI prices are based on commercial index prices at
measured by the NYMEX.
(2)
reported by Argus. (3) Light Louisiana Sweet ("LLS") prices are based on commercial index prices as
reported by Platts. The decline in commodity prices since the beginning of 2020 is attributable to the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and, with respect to crude oil, the recent oil price dispute betweenSaudi Arabia andRussia . See "Update on 2020 Outlook - Coronavirus and Oil Price Shock" within this Item 2 for information regarding these events. 52
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Fluctuations in our consolidated revenues and cost of sales amounts are explained in large part by changes in energy commodity prices. A decrease in our consolidated marketing revenues due to lower energy commodity sales prices may not result in a decrease in gross operating margin or cash available for distribution, since our consolidated cost of sales amounts would also decrease due to comparable decreases in the purchase prices of the underlying energy commodities. The same type of correlation would be true in the case of higher energy commodity sales prices and purchase costs. We attempt to mitigate commodity price exposure through our hedging activities and the use of fee-based arrangements. See Note 14 of the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this quarterly report for information regarding our commodity hedging activities.
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