POSCO
Separate Financial Statements
December 31, 2019 and 2018
(With Independent Auditors' Report Thereon)
Table of Contents | |
Page | |
Independent Auditors' Report.............................................................................................. | 1 |
Separate Financial Statements | |
Separate Statements of Financial Position.............................................................................. | 6 |
Separate Statements of Comprehensive Income................................................................... | 8 |
Separate Statements of Changes in Equity ............................................................................ | 9 |
Separate Statements of Cash Flows .................................................................................... | 10 |
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements ........................................................................ | 12 |
Independent Auditors' Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting ................ | 95 |
Report on the Operating Status of Internal Control over Financial Reporting.............. | 96 |
Independent Auditors' Report
Based on a report originally issued in Korean
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
POSCO:
Opinion
We have audited the separate financial statements of POSCO ("the Company"), which comprise the separate statements of financial position as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the separate statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and notes, comprising significant accounting policies and other explanatory information.
In our opinion, the accompanying separate financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the separate financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and its separate financial performance and its separate cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with Korean International Financial Reporting Standards ("K-IFRS").
We also have audited, in accordance with Korean Standards on Auditing (KSAs), the Company's Internal Control over Financial Reporting ("ICFR") as of December 31, 2019 based on the criteria established in Conceptual Framework for Designing and Operating Internal Control over Financial Reporting issued by the Operating Committee of Internal Control over Financial Reporting in the Republic of Korea, and our report dated March 12, 2020 expressed an unmodified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
We conducted our audits in accordance with Korean Standards on Auditing (KSAs). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' Responsibilities for the Audit of the Separate Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the separate financial statements in Republic of Korea, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
1
Key Audit Matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the separate financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the separate financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.
Assessment of impairment on investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures
As described in note 3, 11 and 32 to the separate financial statements, the carrying amount of investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures is W15,069,857 million as of December 31, 2019. The Company recognized impairment loss on investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures of W865,769 million during the year ended December 31, 2019.
The Company identifies whether there is any indication for impairment at the end of reporting period and performs impairment test over investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures when impairment indication exists. Recoverable amount is the greater of value- in-use and fair value less costs to sell. In estimating the value-in-use, management's judgment is involved in determining the key assumptions such as sales growth rate, discount rate and terminal growth rate that have a significant impact on the estimated value-in-use. Considering significant degree of judgment in estimating value-in-use and likelihood of management bias, we identified assessment of impairment on investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures as a key audit matter.
The primary procedures we performed to address this key audit matter included the following:
- Assess the qualification and objectivity of the external institution engaged by the Company to assess the value-in-use of certain investments;
- Testing certain internal controls over the Company's impairment assessment process of investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures;
- Comparing the completeness of the list of impairment tests with the list of investments for which an indication of impairment exists;
- Evaluating the reasonableness of the estimated sales growth rate by comparison with the latest financial budgets approved by the board of directors, historical performance and industry reports;
- Engaging our valuation specialists to assist us in assessing the discount rate applied to impairment test of certain investments and comparing with recalculated discount rate using observable information;
- Performing sensitivity analysis on the discount rate and terminal growth rate applied to assess the impact of changes in these key assumptions on the conclusion reached in management's impairment assessment; and,
- Comparing the future cash flows forecasts prepared in prior year with the current year's performance to assess the Company's ability to accurately forecast.
2
Other Matter
The procedures and practices utilized in the Republic of Korea to audit such separate financial statements may differ from those generally accepted and applied in other countries.
Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Separate Financial Statements
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the separate financial statements in accordance with K-IFRS, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of separate financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the separate financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.
Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Company's financial reporting process.
Auditors' Responsibilities for the Audit of the Separate Financial Statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the separate financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors' report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with KSAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these separate financial statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with KSAs, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:
- Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the separate financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
- Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances.
- Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used in the preparation of the separate financial statements and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management.
3
POSCO
Separate Statements of Financial Position
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018
(in millions of Won) | December 31, | December 31, | |||
Notes | 2019 | 2018 | |||
Assets | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 4,5,22 | W | 978,139 | 259,219 | |
Trade accounts and notes receivable, net | 6,22,36 | 3,987,041 | 3,968,372 | ||
Other receivables, net | 7,22,36 | 321,352 | 206,432 | ||
Other short-term financial assets | 8,22 | 7,858,979 | 7,025,143 | ||
Inventories | 9,33 | 4,988,530 | 5,288,009 | ||
Assets held for sale | 10 | 53,924 | 25,683 | ||
Other current assets | 15 | 28,101 | 23,542 | ||
Total current assets | 18,216,066 | 16,796,400 | |||
Long-term trade accounts and notes receivable, net | 6,22 | 6,014 | 7,673 | ||
Other receivables, net | 7,22 | 56,468 | 57,767 | ||
Other long-term financial assets | 8,22 | 1,257,896 | 1,176,757 | ||
Investments in subsidiaries, associates | |||||
and joint ventures | 11,32 | 15,069,857 | 15,121,339 | ||
Investment property, net | 12 | 158,077 | 108,215 | ||
Property, plant and equipment, net | 13,32 | 20,132,199 | 20,154,334 | ||
Intangible assets, net | 14 | 708,915 | 645,222 | ||
Other non-current assets | 15 | 105,274 | 58,273 | ||
Total non-current assets | 37,494,700 | 37,329,580 | |||
Total assets | W | 55,710,766 | 54,125,980 | ||
See accompanying notes to the condensed separate interim financial statements.
5
POSCO
Separate Statements of Financial Position, Continued
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018
(in millions of Won) | December 31, | December 31, | |||
Notes | 2019 | 2018 | |||
Liabilities | |||||
Trade accounts and notes payable | 22,36 | W | 667,551 | 1,106,226 | |
Short-term borrowings | |||||
and current installments of long-term borrowings | 4,16,22,38 | 1,146,476 | 826,862 | ||
Other payables | 17,22,36,38 | 1,113,003 | 1,072,733 | ||
Other short-term financial liabilities | 18,22,38 | 10,969 | 12,638 | ||
Current income tax liabilities | 34 | 237,293 | 803,543 | ||
Provisions | 19 | 21,007 | 19,165 | ||
Other current liabilities | 21 | 135,147 | 54,806 | ||
Total current liabilities | 3,331,446 | 3,895,973 | |||
Long-term borrowings, | |||||
excluding current installments | 4,16,22,38 | 5,191,537 | 3,444,108 | ||
Other payables | 17,22,38 | 222,802 | 144,343 | ||
Other long-term financial liabilities | 18,22,38 | 46,925 | 79,936 | ||
Defined benefit liabilities, net | 20 | 54,146 | 863 | ||
Deferred tax liabilities | 34 | 1,190,553 | 1,179,672 | ||
Long-term provisions | 19 | 53,942 | 93,719 | ||
Other non-current liabilities | 21 | 5,230 | 15,264 | ||
Total non-current liabilities | 6,765,135 | 4,957,905 | |||
Total liabilities | 10,096,581 | 8,853,878 | |||
Equity | |||||
Share capital | 23 | 482,403 | 482,403 | ||
Capital surplus | 23 | 1,252,220 | 1,154,775 | ||
Hybrid bonds | 24 | 199,384 | 199,384 | ||
Reserves | 25 | (183,930) | (207,191) | ||
Treasury shares | 26 | (1,508,303) | (1,532,728) | ||
Retained earnings | 27 | 45,372,411 | 45,175,459 | ||
Total equity | 45,614,185 | 45,272,102 | |||
Total liabilities and equity | W | 55,710,766 | 54,125,980 | ||
See accompanying notes to the condensed separate interim financial statements.
6
POSCO
Separate Statements of Comprehensive Income
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018
(in millions of Won, except per share information) | Notes | 2019 | 2018 | |||
Revenue | 28,36 | W | 30,373,511 | 30,659,425 | ||
Cost of sales | 9,20,30,33,36 | (26,700,874) | (25,728,293) | |||
Gross profit | 3,672,637 | 4,931,132 | ||||
Selling and administrative expenses | ||||||
Reversal of (impairment loss) on | ||||||
trade accounts and notes receivable | 22,33 | 4,535 | (6,586) | |||
Other administrative expenses | 20,29,30,33 | (851,140) | (881,163) | |||
Selling expenses | 29,33 | (239,673) | (234,007) | |||
Operating profit | 2,586,359 | 3,809,376 | ||||
Finance income and costs | ||||||
Finance income | 22,31 | 868,682 | 629,940 | |||
Finance costs | 22,31 | (508,242) | (458,326) | |||
Other non-operating income and expenses | ||||||
Reversal of (impairment loss) on other receivables | 22,33 | (286) | 2,925 | |||
Other non-operating income | 32 | 238,210 | 306,543 | |||
Other non-operating expenses | 32,33 | (1,353,474) | (2,055,559) | |||
Profit before income tax | 1,831,249 | 2,234,899 | ||||
Income tax expense | 34 | (655,537) | (1,162,307) | |||
Profit | 1,175,712 | 1,072,592 | ||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | ||||||
Items that will not be reclassified | ||||||
subsequently to profit or loss: | ||||||
Remeasurements of defined benefit plans | 20 | (80,554) | (106,057) | |||
Net changes in fair value of equity investments | ||||||
at fair value through other comprehensive income | 8,22,25 | 14,955 | (131,646) | |||
Total comprehensive income | W | 1,110,113 | 834,889 | |||
Basic and diluted earnings per share (in Won) | ||||||
35 | W | 14,592 | 13,186 | |||
See accompanying notes to the condensed separate interim financial statements.
7
POSCO
Separate Statements of Changes in Equity
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018
(in millions of Won) | Share | Capital | Hybrid | Reserves | Treasury | Retained | Total | |||||||||||
capital | surplus | bonds | shares | earnings | ||||||||||||||
Balance as of January 1, 2018 | W | 482,403 | 1,156,429 | 996,919 | 233,390 | (1,533,054) | 44,605,368 | 45,941,455 | ||||||||||
Adjustment on initial application of K-IFRS No. 1115, net of tax | - | - | - | - | - | (883) | (883) | |||||||||||
Adjustment on initial application of K-IFRS No. 1109, net of tax | - | - | - | (321,654) | - | 321,603 | (51) | |||||||||||
Adjusted balance as of January 1, 2018 | 482,403 | 1,156,429 | 996,919 | (88,264) | (1,533,054) | 44,926,088 | 45,940,521 | |||||||||||
Comprehensive income: | - | - | - | - | - | 1,072,592 | 1,072,592 | |||||||||||
Profit | ||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | ||||||||||||||||||
Remeasurements of defined benefit plans, net of tax | - | - | - | - | - | (106,057) | (106,057) | |||||||||||
Net changes in fair value of equity investments | ||||||||||||||||||
at fair value through other comprehensive income, net of tax | - | - | - | (118,927) | - | (12,719) | (131,646) | |||||||||||
Transactions with owners of the Company, | ||||||||||||||||||
recognized directly in equity: | - | - | - | - | - | (279,999) | (279,999) | |||||||||||
Year-end dividends | ||||||||||||||||||
Interim dividends | - | - | - | - | - | (400,003) | (400,003) | |||||||||||
Repayment of hybrid bonds | - | (1,787) | (797,535) | - | - | - | (799,322) | |||||||||||
Interest of hybrid bonds | - | - | - | - | - | (24,443) | (24,443) | |||||||||||
Disposal of treasury shares | - | 133 | - | - | 326 | - | 459 | |||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2018 | W | 482,403 | 1,154,775 | 199,384 | (207,191) | (1,532,728) | 45,175,459 | 45,272,102 | ||||||||||
Balance as of January 1, 2019 | W | 482,403 | 1,154,775 | 199,384 | (207,191) | (1,532,728) | 45,175,459 | 45,272,102 | ||||||||||
Comprehensive income: | - | - | - | - | - | 1,175,712 | 1,175,712 | |||||||||||
Profit | ||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | - | - | - | - | - | (80,555) | (80,555) | |||||||||||
Remeasurements of defined benefit plans, net of tax | ||||||||||||||||||
Net changes in fair value of equity investments | ||||||||||||||||||
at fair value through other comprehensive income, net of tax | - | - | - | 23,261 | - | (8,306) | 14,955 | |||||||||||
Transactions with owners of the Company, | ||||||||||||||||||
recognized directly in equity: | - | - | - | - | - | (400,006) | (400,006) | |||||||||||
Year-end dividends | ||||||||||||||||||
Interim dividends | - | - | - | - | - | (480,694) | (480,694) | |||||||||||
Interest of hybrid bonds | - | - | - | - | - | (9,200) | (9,200) | |||||||||||
Disposal of treasury shares | - | 12,576 | - | - | 24,425 | - | 37,001 | |||||||||||
Business combination(Note 39) | - | 84,869 | - | - | - | - | 84,869 | |||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2019 | W | 482,403 | 1,252,220 | 199,384 | (183,930) | (1,508,303) | 45,372,411 | 45,614,185 | ||||||||||
See accompanying notes to the condensed separate interim financial statements.
8
POSCO
Separate Statements of Cash Flows
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018
(in millions of Won) | Notes | 2019 | 2018 | |||
Cash flows from operating activities | ||||||
Profit | W | 1,175,712 | 1,072,592 | |||
Adjustments for : | ||||||
Expenses related to post-employment benefit | 119,177 | 111,034 | ||||
Depreciation | 2,160,124 | 2,111,870 | ||||
Amortization | 77,190 | 69,101 | ||||
Reversal of impairment loss on trade and other receivable | (4,248) | 3,661 | ||||
Finance income | (598,303) | (443,952) | ||||
Finance costs | 284,334 | 235,892 | ||||
Loss on valuation of inventories | 7,677 | 12,169 | ||||
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment | (25,583) | (47,941) | ||||
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment | 114,874 | 120,570 | ||||
Impairment losses on property, plant and equipment | 222,036 | 940,595 | ||||
Gain on disposal of intangible assets | (1,013) | (99,378) | ||||
Impairment losses on investments in subsidiaries, | ||||||
associates and joint ventures | 865,769 | 787,999 | ||||
Recovery of Impairment losses on investments in | ||||||
subsidiaries, associates and joint venture | - | (56,420) | ||||
Gain on disposal of assets held for sale | (30,262) | (13) | ||||
Impairment loss on assets held for sale | 8,021 | 7,788 | ||||
Gain on disposal of emissions right | (6,122) | - | ||||
Gain on valuation of emissions rights | (25,440) | - | ||||
Increase to provisions | (10,398) | 53,477 | ||||
Income tax expense | 655,536 | 1,162,307 | ||||
Others | 324 | 2,361 | ||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities | 38 | (438,041) | (813,429) | |||
Interest received | 147,683 | 154,529 | ||||
Interest paid | (160,950) | (148,129) | ||||
Dividends received | 284,648 | 228,296 | ||||
Income taxes paid | (1,221,790) | (689,008) | ||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | W | 3,600,955 | 4,775,971 |
See accompanying notes to the condensed separate interim financial statements.
9
POSCO
Separate Statements of Cash Flows, Continued
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018
(in millions of Won) | Notes | 2019 | 2018 | |||
Cash flows from investing activities | ||||||
Decrease in deposits | W | 2,747,009 | 2,821,831 | |||
Collect of short-term loans | 62 | - | ||||
Proceeds from disposal of debt securities | - | 130,000 | ||||
Proceeds from disposal of short-term financial instruments | 32,210,156 | 27,992,468 | ||||
Proceeds from disposal of debt securities | 54 | 855 | ||||
Proceeds from disposal of equity securities | 24,890 | 45,445 | ||||
Proceeds from disposal of other securities | 4,522 | 2,658 | ||||
Proceeds from disposal of stock warrants | - | 130 | ||||
Proceeds from disposal of investments in subsidiaries, | ||||||
associates and joint ventures | 14,278 | 101,294 | ||||
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment | - | 4,551 | ||||
Proceeds from disposal of intangible assets | 5,587 | 26,954 | ||||
Proceeds from disposal of assets held for sale | 523,128 | 231 | ||||
Proceeds from disposal of emissions rights | 12,693 | - | ||||
Proceeds from business combination | 2,171 | - | ||||
Increase in deposits | (2,792,821) | (3,404,466) | ||||
Acquisition of short-term financial investments | (32,670,040) | (28,613,172) | ||||
Increase in short-term loans | - | (2,950) | ||||
Increase in long-term loans | (5,697) | (261) | ||||
Acquisition of debt securities | (290,102) | (130,238) | ||||
Acquisition of equity securities | (11,144) | (1,443) | ||||
Acquisition of other securities | (1,710) | (464) | ||||
Acquisition of investment in subsidiaries, | ||||||
associates and joint ventures | (491,175) | (855,602) | ||||
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment | (1,903,966) | (1,677,962) | ||||
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment | (41,003) | - | ||||
Acquisition of intangible assets | (132,661) | (58,808) | ||||
Payment for acquisition of business, net of cash acquired | (1,156,953) | - | ||||
Net cash used in investing activities | W | (3,952,722) | (3,618,949) | |||
Cash flows from financing activities | 38 | |||||
Proceeds from borrowings | 2,950,068 | 1,743,353 | ||||
Increase in long-term financial liabilities | 3,287 | 1,162 | ||||
Receipt of government grants | 3,273 | 86 | ||||
Proceeds from disposals of derivatives | 9,682 | - | ||||
Repayment of borrowings | (959,404) | (1,452,359) | ||||
Repayment of Lease liabilities | (39,194) | (11,048) | ||||
Decrease in long-term financial liabilities | (1,587) | (5,051) | ||||
Payment of cash dividends | (881,169) | (679,998) | ||||
Payment of interest of hybrid bonds | (9,200) | (26,353) | ||||
Repayment of hybrid bonds | - | (800,000) | ||||
Net cash used in financing activities | W | 1,075,756 | (1,230,208) | |||
Effect of exchange rate fluctuation on cash held | (5,069) | - | ||||
Net increase(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 718,920 | (73,186) | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period | 5 | 259,219 | 332,405 | |||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period | 5 | W | 978,139 | 259,219 | ||
See accompanying notes to the condensed separate interim financial statements.
10
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements
As of December 31, 2019
1. Reporting Entity
POSCO (the "Company") is the largest steel producer in Korea which was incorporated on April 1, 1968, under the Commercial Code of the Republic of Korea to manufacture and sell steel rolled products and plates in the domestic and foreign markets.
The shares of the Company have been listed on the Korea Exchange since June 10, 1988. The Company owns and operates two steel plants (Pohang and Gwangyang) and one office in Korea, and it also operates internationally through six of its overseas liaison offices.
As of December 31, 2019, major shareholders are as follows:
Shareholder's name | Number of shares | Ownership (%) | |||
National Pension Service | 10,291,670 | 11.80 | |||
BlackRock Fund Advisors(*1)(*2)(*3) | 5,429,071 | 6.23 | |||
Nippon Steel Corporation(*1) | 2,894,712 | 3.32 | |||
Samsung Group Inc. and subsidiaries(*2) | 2,401,789 | 2.75 | |||
GIC Private Limited | 1,777,316 | 2.04 | |||
Others | 64,392,277 | 73.86 | |||
87,186,835 | 100.00 | ||||
(*1) Includes American Depository Receipts (ADRs) of POSCO, each of which represents 0.25 share of POSCO's common share which has par value of W5,000 per share.
(*2) Includes shares held by subsidiaries and others.
(*3) The number of shares held by the shareholder in accordance with the status report of large-scale share and others on April 30, 2019.
As of December 31, 2019, the shares of the Company are listed on the Korea Exchange, while its ADRs are listed on the New York Stock Exchanges.
2. Statement of Compliance
Statement of compliance
The separate financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Korean International Financial Reporting Standards ("K-IFRS"), as prescribed in the Act on External Audit of Stock Companies, Etc in the Republic of Korea.
These financial statements are separate financial statements prepared in accordance with K- IFRS No. 1027 "Separate Financial Statements" presented by a parent, an investor with joint control of, or significant influence over, an investee, in which the investments are accounted for at cost.
11
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
The separate financial statements were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on January 31, 2020, and will be submitted for approval at the shareholders' meeting to be held on March 27, 2020.
In 2019, the Company adopted K-IFRS No. 1116 "Leases" for the first time. Changes to significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 "Changes in Accounting Policies".
Basis of measurement
The separate financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for the following material items in the statement of financial position, as described in the accounting policy below.
- Derivatives instruments measured at fair value
- Financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss
- Financial instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income
- Defined benefit liabilities measured at the present value of the defined benefit obligation less the fair value of the plan assets
Functional and presentation currency
These separate financial statements are presented in Korean Won, which is the Company's functional currency which is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates.
Use of estimates and judgments
The preparation of the separate financial statements in conformity with K-IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period prospectively.
-
Judgments
Information about critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the separate financial statements is included in the following notes: - Note 11 - Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures
- Note 24 - Hybrid bonds
12
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
(b) Assumptions and estimation uncertainties
Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment within the next fiscal year is included in the following notes:
- Note 9 - Inventories
- Note 11 - Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures
- Note 13 - Property, Plant and Equipment
- Note 19 - Provisions
- Note 20 - Employee benefits
- Note 22 - Financial Instruments
- Note 34 - Income taxes
- Note 37 - Commitments and contingencies
-
Measurement of fair value
The Company's accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. The Company has an established control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values. This includes a valuation team that has overall responsibility for overseeing all significant fair value measurements, including Level 3 fair values, and reports directly to the financial officer.
The valuation team regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments. If third party information, such as broker quotes or pricing services, is used to measure fair values, then the valuation team assesses the evidence obtained from the third parties to support the conclusion that such valuations meet the requirements of K- IFRS including the level in the fair value hierarchy in which such valuation techniques should be classified.
Significant valuation issues are reported to the Company's Audit Committee.
When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses market observable data as far as possible. Fair values are categorized into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows. - Level 1 - unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
- Level 2 - inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the assets or liability, either directly or indirectly.
- Level 3 - inputs for the assets or liability that are not based on observable market data.
13
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability might be categorized in different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement. The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.
Information about the assumptions made in measuring fair values is included in the following note:
- Note 22 - Financial instruments
Changes in Accounting Policies
The Company has initially adopted K-IFRS No. 1116 "Leases" from January 1, 2019. The other accounting standards adopted from January 1, 2019 had no significant effect on the Company's separate financial statements.
K-IFRS No. 1116 "Leases" introduced a single accounting model for lessees. As a result, the Company, as a lessee, recognized right-of-use assets representing its rights to use the underlying assets and lease liabilities representing its obligation to make lease payments. Lessor accounting remains similar to previous accounting policies.
The Company applied K-IFRS No. 1116 "Leases" using the modified retrospective approach by recognizing the cumulative effect of initial application as of January 1, 2019, the date of initial application. Accordingly, the comparative information presented for 2018 has not been restated.
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Definition of a lease
Previously, the Company determined at contract inception whether an arrangement was or contained a lease under K-IFRS No. 2104 "Determining Whether an Arrangement Contains a Lease". The Company now assesses whether a contract is or Contains a lease based on the new definition of a lease. Under K-IFRS No. 1116 "Leases", a contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys a right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.
On transition to K-IFRS No. 1116 "Leases", the Company elected to apply the practical expedient to grandfather the assessment of which transactions are leases. The Company applied K-IFRS No. 1116 only to contracts that were previously identified as leases. Contracts that were not identified as leases under K-IFRS No. 1017 "Leases" and K-IFRS No. 2104 "Determining Whether an Arrangement Contains a Lease" were not reassessed. Therefore, the definition of a lease under K-IFRS No. 1116 has been applied only to contracts entered into or changed on or after January 1, 2019.
14
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
At inception or reassessment of a contract that contains a lease component, the Company allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease and non-lease component on the basis of their relative stand-alone prices.
(b) As a lessee
The Company leases many assets, including warehouses, handling equipment and IT equipment. As a lessee, the Company previously classified leases as operating or finance leases based on its assessment of whether the lease transferred substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership. Under K-IFRS No. 1116 "Leases", the Company recognizes right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for most leases. That is, most leases are presented in the statement of financial position.
However, the Company has elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for some leases of low-value assets (e.g. desktops, IT supplies, etc.). The Company recognizes lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The Company measured lease liabilities and right-of-use assets related to leases as operating leases under K-IFRS No. 1017 "Leases" previously, on transition. Lease liabilities are measured at the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted at the Company's incremental borrowing rate as of January 1, 2019 and right-of-use assets are measured at the lease liabilities adjusted by the amount of any prepaid or accrued lease payments.
The Company used a number of practical expedients when applying K-IFRS No. 1116, to leases previously classified as operating leases under K-IFRS No. 1017. In particular, the Company:
- did not recognize right-of-use assets and liabilities for leases for which the lease term ends within 12 months the date of initial application;
- excluded initial direct costs from the measurement of the right-of-use asset at the date of initial application; and
- used hindsight when determining the lease term
For finance leases under K-IFRS No. 1017, the carrying amounts of the right-of-use assets and the lease liabilities as of January 1, 2019 were determined at the carrying amounts of the finance lease assets and lease liabilities under K-IFRS No. 1017 immediately before that date.
15
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
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As a lessor
The Company leases out its investment properties. The Company classified these leases as operating leases, and the accounting policies applicable to the Company as a lessor are not different from those under K-IFRS No. 1017 "Leases".
In addition, the Company did not make any adjustments to leases for which the Company is a lessor as of January 1, 2019, the date of initial application. - Impact on financial statements
The Company recognized additional right-of-use assets and lease liabilities as of January 1, 2019, the date of initial application. The effect on the separate financial statements as of January 1, 2019, the date of initial application is as follows:
The date of initial | ||
application | ||
(in millions of Won) | (January 1, 2019 ) | |
Separate statement of financial position | ||
Right-of-use assets presented as property, plant and equipment | W | 128,610 |
Lease liabilities | 128,610 |
When measuring lease liabilities for leases that were classified as operating leases, the Company discounted lease payments using its incremental borrowing rates as of January 1, 2019, the date of initial application, and the weighted-average rates applied are 2.1 ~ 2.7%. The carrying amount of lease liabilities as of January 1, 2019, the date of initial application, is as follow:
The date of initial | |||
(in millions of Won) | application | ||
(January 1, 2019 ) | |||
Operating lease commitments as of December 31, 2018 | W | 157,098 | |
Operating lease commitments not recognized as lease liabilities | |||
- Leases of low-value assets | (16,028) | ||
- Leases with less than 12 months of lease term at transition | (975) | ||
Operating lease commitments recognized as lease liabilities | 140,095 | ||
Amount discounted using the incremental borrowing rate | |||
as of January 1, 2019, the date of initial application | 128,610 | ||
Finance lease liabilities recognized as of December 31, 2018 | 141,762 | ||
Lease liabilities as of January 1, 2019, the date of initial application | W | 270,372 |
16
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The significant accounting policies applied by the Company in preparation of its separate financial statements are included below. The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these financial statements, except for those as disclosed in note 2.
Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures
These separate financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with K-IFRS No. 1027 "Separate Financial Statements". The Company applied the cost method to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures in accordance with K-IFRS No. 1027. Dividends from a subsidiary, associate or joint venture are recognized in profit or loss when the right to receive the dividend is established.
Foreign currency transactions and translation
Foreign currency transactions are initially recorded using the spot exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction. At the end of each reporting period, foreign currency monetary items are translated using the closing rate. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the original transaction. Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date fair value is initially determined.
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates different from those at which they were translated on initial recognition during the period or in previous financial statements are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise. When gains or losses on non-monetary items are recognized in other comprehensive income, exchange components of those gains or losses are recognized in other comprehensive income. Conversely, when gains or losses on non-monetary items are recognized in profit or loss, exchange components of those gains or losses are recognized in profit or loss.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand, demand deposits, and short-term investments in highly liquid securities that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash with maturities of three months or less from the acquisition date and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Equity investments are excluded from cash and cash equivalents.
17
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
Non-derivative financial assets
Trade receivables and debt securities issued are initially recognized when they are originated. All other financial assets are initially recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
A financial asset(unless it is a trade receivable without a significant financing component) is initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue. A trade receivable without a significant financing component is initially measured at the transaction price.
On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at amortized cost, debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, or financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss.
Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition unless the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets, in which case all affected financial assets are reclassified on the first day of the reporting period following the change in the business model.
- Financial assets measured at amortized cost
A financial asset is measured at amortized cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at fair value through profit or loss.- it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows
- its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding
Financial assets measured at amortized cost are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. The amortized cost is reduced by impairment losses. Interest income, gains and losses on foreign currency translation and impairment losses are recognized in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognized in profit or loss.
18
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
(b) Debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income
A debt instrument is measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at fair value through profit or loss.
- it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collection contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and
- its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding
Debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income are subsequently measured at fair value. Interest income which is calculated using the effective interest method, gains and losses from foreign currency translation and impairment losses are recognized in profit or loss and other net profit or losses are recognized in other comprehensive income. At the time of elimination, other accumulated comprehensive income is reclassified to profit or loss.
-
Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income
On initial recognition of an equity investment that is not held for trading, the Company may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in the investment's fair value in other comprehensive income. This election is made on an investment-by-investment basis.
Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income are subsequently measured at fair value. Dividends are recognized as income in profit or loss unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the investment. Other net gains and losses are recognized in other comprehensive income and never reclassified to profit or loss. - Financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss
All financial assets not classified as measured at amortized cost of fair value through other comprehensive income as described above are measured at fair value through profit or loss. This includes all derivative financial assets. On initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortized cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income as at fair value through profit or loss if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.
Financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognized in profit or loss.
19
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
(f) Offsetting a financial asset and a financial liability
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in the separate statement of financial position only when the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts, and there is the intention to settle on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Inventories
Inventory costs, except materials-in-transit in which costs are determined by using specific identification method, are determined by using the moving-weighted average method. The cost of inventories comprise all costs of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. The allocation of fixed production overheads to the costs of finished goods or work in progress are based on the normal capacity of the production facilities.
Inventories are measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The amount of any write-down of inventories to net realizable value and all losses of inventories are recognized as an expense in the period the write-down or loss occurs. The amount of any reversal of any write-down of inventories arising from an increase in net realizable value is recognized as a reduction in the amount of inventories recognized as a cost of goods sold in the period in which the reversal occurs.
The carrying amount of those inventories is recognized as cost of goods sold in the period in which the related revenue is recognized.
20
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
Non-current assets held for sale
Non-current assets or disposal groups comprising assets and liabilities that are expected to be recovered primarily through sale rather than through continuing use are classified as held for sale. In order to be classified as held for sale, the assets or disposal groups must be available for immediate sale in their present condition and their sale must be highly probable. The assets or disposal groups that are classified as non-current assets held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less cost to sell.
The Company recognizes an impairment loss for any initial or subsequent write-down of an asset or disposal group to fair value less costs to sell, and a gain for any subsequent increase in fair value less costs to sell, up to the cumulative impairment loss previously recognized in accordance with K-IFRS No. 1036 "Impairment of Assets".
A non-current asset that is classified as held for sale or part of a disposal group classified as held for sale is not depreciated (or amortized).
Investment property
Property held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both is classified as investment property. Investment property is measured initially at its cost. Transaction costs are included in the initial measurement. Subsequently, investment property is carried at depreciated cost less any accumulated impairment losses.
Subsequent costs are recognized in the carrying amount of investment property at cost or, if appropriate, as separate items if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. The costs of the day-to-day servicing are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.
Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each reporting date and adjusted, if appropriate. The change is accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate.
Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are initially measured at cost and after initial recognition, are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. The cost of property, plant and equipment includes expenditures arising directly from the construction or acquisition of the asset, any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management and, when the Company has an obligation to remove the asset or restore the site, an estimate of the costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.
21
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
The cost of replacing a part of an item is recognized in the carrying amount of the item of property, plant and equipment, if the following recognition criteria are met:
- it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and
- the cost can be measured reliably.
The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized at the time the replacement part is recognized. The costs of the day-to-day servicing of the item are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.
Items of property, plant and equipment are depreciated from the date they are available for use or, in respect of self-constructed assets, from the date that the asset is completed and ready for use. Other than land, the costs of an asset less its estimated residual value are depreciated. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis, which most closely reflects the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the asset, over the estimated useful lives of each component of an item of property, plant and equipment. Land is not depreciated.
Each part of an item of property, plant and equipment with a cost that is significant in relation to the total cost of the item is depreciated separately.
The gain or loss arising from the derecognition of an item of property, plant and equipment is included in profit or loss when the item is derecognized.
The estimated useful lives for the current period are as follows:
Buildings | 5-40 years |
Structures | 5-40 years |
Machinery and equipment | 15 years |
Vehicles | 4 years |
Tools | 4 years |
Furniture and fixtures | 4 years |
Lease assets | 4-20 years |
The estimated residual value, useful lives and the depreciation method are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period and, if expectations differ from previous estimates, the changes are accounted for as changes in accounting estimates.
22
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
Borrowing costs
The Company capitalizes borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset as part of the cost of that asset. Other borrowing costs are recognized in expense as incurred. A qualifying asset is an asset that requires a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. Financial assets and inventories that are manufactured or otherwise produced over a short period of time are not qualifying assets. Assets that are ready for their intended use or sale when acquired are not qualifying assets.
To the extent that the Company borrows funds specifically for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset, the Company determines the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalization as the actual borrowing costs incurred on that borrowing during the period less any investment income on the temporary investment of those borrowings. The Company immediately recognizes other borrowing costs as an expense. To the extent that the Company borrows funds generally and uses them for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset, the Company shall determine the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalization by applying a capitalization rate to the expenditures on that asset. The capitalization rate shall be the weighted average of the borrowing costs applicable to the borrowings of the Company that are outstanding during the period, other than borrowings made specifically for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset. The amount of borrowing costs that the Company capitalizes during a period shall not exceed the amount of borrowing costs incurred during that period.
Intangible assets
Intangible assets are measured initially at cost and, subsequently, are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses.
Amortization of intangible assets except for goodwill is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of intangible assets from the date that they are available for use. The residual value of intangible assets is zero. However, as there are no foreseeable limits to the periods over which club memberships are expected to be available for use, this intangible asset is determined as an having an indefinite useful life and not amortized.
Intellectual property rights | 5-7 years |
Development expense | 4 years |
Port facilities usage rights | 4-75 years |
Other intangible assets | 4 years |
23
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
Amortization periods and the amortization methods for intangible assets with finite useful lives are reviewed at the end of each reporting period. The useful lives of intangible assets that are not being amortized are reviewed at the end of each reporting period to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support indefinite useful life assessments for those assets. Changes are accounted for as changes in accounting estimates.
Expenditures on research activities, undertaken with the prospect of gaining new scientific or technical knowledge and understanding, are recognized in profit or loss as incurred. Development expenditures are capitalized only if development costs can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Company intends to and has sufficient resources to complete development and to use or sell the asset. Other development expenditures are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.
Subsequent expenditures are capitalized only when they increase the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which they relate. All other expenditures, including expenditures on internally generated goodwill and brands, are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.
Government grants
Government grants are not recognized unless there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the grant's conditions and that the grant will be received.
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Grants related to assets
Government grants whose primary condition is that the Company purchase, construct or otherwise acquire long-term assets are deducted from the carrying amount of the assets and recognized in profit or loss on a systematic and rational basis over the life of the depreciable assets. - Grants related to income
Government grants which are intended to compensate the Company for expenses incurred are deducted from the related expenses.
24
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
Leases
The Company applied K-IFRS No. 1116 "Leases" using the modified retrospective approach by recognizing the cumulative effect of initial application as of January 1, 2019, the date of initial application. Therefore, the comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under K-IFRS No. 1017 "Lease" and K-IFRS No. 2104 "Determining Whether an Arrangement Contains a Lease".
1) As a lessee: policy applicable from January 1, 2019
The Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset of to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located.
The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of the lease term, unless the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the Company by the end of the lease term or the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that the Company will exercise a purchase option. In that case the right-of-use asset will be depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset, which is determined on the same basis as that of property and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.
The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined the Company's incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.
The Company determines its incremental borrowing rate by obtaining interest rates from various external sources and makes certain adjustments to reflect the terms of the lease and type of the asset leased.
Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the followings:
- fixed payments
- variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate
- amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee; and
- the exercise price under a purchase option that the Company's is reasonably certain to exercise, lease payments in an optional renewal period if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise an extension option, and penalties for early termination of a lease unless the Company is reasonably certain not to terminate early.
25
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
The lease liability is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset, or is recorded in profit of loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero. The lease liability is remeasured when there is:
- a revised in-substance fixed lease payment,
- a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate,
- a change in the Company's estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or
- a change in the Company's assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option
The Company presents right-of-use assets in the same line item as is presents underlying assets of the same nature that it owns, and lease liabilities are included in other payables on the consolidated statement of financial position.
The Company has elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases of low-value assets and short-term leases, including IT equipment. The Company recognizes the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight- line basis over the lease term.
2) As a lessee: policy applicable before January 1, 2019
The Company classifies and accounts for leases as either a finance or operating lease, depending on the terms. Leases where the Company assumes substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. All other leases are classified as operating leases.
In the case of finance leases, the Company recognizes as finance assets and finance liabilities the lower amount of the fair value of the leased property and the present value of the minimum lease payments, each determined at the inception of the lease at the commencement of the lease term. Any initial direct costs are added to the amount recognized as an asset.
The minimum lease payment is recognized by dividing the financial cost and the repayment amount of the lease liabilities. The financial cost is allocated to the remaining balance for each reporting period so that a fixed interest rate is calculated. Contingent rents are charged as expenses in the period in which they are incurred.
The depreciable amount of a leased asset is allocated to each accounting period during the period of expected use on a systematic basis consistent with the depreciation policy the Company adopts for similar depreciable assets that are owned. If there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, the asset is fully depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and its useful life.
26
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
In the case of an operating lease, the Company recognizes the lease payment as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Contingent rents are charged as expenses in the periods in which they are incurred.
3) As a lessor
When the Company acts as a lessor, it determines at lease inception whether each lease is a finance lease or an operating lease. The classify each lease, the Company makes an overall assessment of whether the lease transfers substantially all of the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the underlying asset. If this is the case, then the lease is a finance lease; if not, then it is an operating lease. As part of this assessment, the Company considers certain indicators such as whether the lease is for the major part of the economic life of the asset.
The Company leases out its investment properties. The Company classified these leases as operating leases, and the accounting policies applicable to the Company as a lessor are not different from those under K-IFRS No. 1017 "Leases".
Impairment for financial assets
The Company recognizes loss allowances for expected credit losses on:
- financial assets measured at amortized cost
- debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income
- lease receivables, contractual assets, loan commitments, and financial guarantee contracts
If credit risk has increased significantly since the initial recognition, a loss allowance for lifetime expected credit loss is required to be measured at the end of every reporting period. If credit risk has not increased significantly since the initial recognition, a loss allowance is measured based on 12-month expected credit loss.
If the financial instrument has low credit risk at the end of the reporting period, the Company may assume that the credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition. However, a loss allowance for lifetime expected credit losses is required for contract assets or trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component.
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Judgments on credit risk
When determining whether the credit risk of a financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition and when estimating expected credit losses, the Company considers reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue cost or effect. This includes both quantitative and qualitative information and analysis, based on the Company's historical experience and informed credit assessment and including forward-looking information.
27
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
The Company assumes that the credit risk on a financial asset has increased significantly if it is more than 30 days past due. The Company considers a financial asset to be in default when the borrower is unlikely to pay its credit obligations to the Company in full, without recourse by the Company to actions such as realizing security (if any is held). The Company considers a debt security to have low credit risk when its credit risk rating is equivalent to the globally understood definition of 'investment grade.
(b) Measurement of expected credit losses
Lifetime expected credit losses are the expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. 12-month expected credit losses are the portion of lifetime expected credit losses that result from default that are possible within the 12 months after the reporting date. The maximum period considered when estimating expected credit losses is the maximum contractual period over which the Company is exposed to credit risk.
Expected credit losses are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. Credit losses are measured as the present value of all cash shortfalls such as the difference between the cash flows due to the entity in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Company expects to receive.
Expected credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost are recognized in profit or loss. Loss allowances for financial assets measured at amortized cost are deducted from carrying amount of the assets. For debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, the loss allowance is charged to profit or loss and is recognized in other comprehensive income.
-
Credit-impairedfinancial assets
At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether financial assets measured at amortized cost and debt instrument measured at fair value through other comprehensive income are credit-impaired. A financial asset is 'credit-impaired' when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred.
Objective evidence that a financial asset or group of financial assets are impaired includes: - significant financial difficulty of the issuer or borrower
- a breach of contract, such as a default or delinquency in interest or principal payments
- the lender, for economic or legal reasons relating to the borrower's financial difficulty, granting to the borrower a concession that the lender would not otherwise consider
- it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization
- the disappearance of an active market for that financial asset because of financial difficulties
28
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
(d) Write-off
The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is written off when the Company has no reasonable expectations of recovering a financial asset in entirety or a portion. The Company individually makes an assessment with respect to the timing and amount of write-off based on whether there is a reasonable expectation of recovery based on continuous payments and extinct prescriptions. The Company expects no significant recovery from the amount written off. However, financial assets that are written off could still be subject to enforcement activities in order to comply with the Company's procedures for recovery of amounts due.
Impairment for non-financial assets
The carrying amounts of the Company's non-financial assets, other than assets arising from contract assets, contract assets recognized in accordance with revenue from contracts with customers, employee benefits, inventories, deferred tax assets and non-current assets held for sale, are reviewed at the end of the reporting period to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset's recoverable amount is estimated. Intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives or that are not yet available for use, irrespective of whether there is any indication of impairment, are tested for impairment annually by comparing their recoverable amount to their carrying amount.
Management estimates the recoverable amount of an individual asset. If it is impossible to measure the individual recoverable amount of an asset, then management estimates the recoverable amount of cash-generating unit ("CGU"). A CGU is the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets. The recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. The value in use is estimated by applying a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU for which estimated future cash flows have not been adjusted, to the estimated future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or CGU.
An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or a CGU exceeds its recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognized in profit or loss.
Any impairment identified at the CGU level is used to reduce the carrying amount of the other assets in the CGU on a pro rata basis. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset's carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.
29
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
Derivative financial instruments
Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives that is not designated as a hedging instrument are measured at fair value, and changes therein are recognized in profit or loss.
Non-derivative financial liabilities
The Company classifies non-derivative financial liabilities into financial liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss or financial liabilities measured at amortized cost in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangement and the definitions of financial liabilities. The Company recognizes financial liabilities in the separate statement of financial position when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the financial liability.
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Financial liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss
A financial liability is classified as at fair value through profit or loss if it is classified as held- for-trading, it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Subsequent to initial recognition, financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are measured at fair value, and changes therein are recognized in profit or loss. Upon initial recognition, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition are recognized in profit or loss as incurred. - Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost
Non-derivative financial liabilities other than financial liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss are classified as financial liabilities measured at amortized cost. At the date of initial recognition, financial liabilities measured at amortized cost are measured at fair value after deducting transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition. Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method subsequently to initial recognition.
-
Derecognition of financial liabilities
The Company derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire. The Company also derecognizes a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows of the modified liability are substantially different, in which case a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognized at fair value. On derecognition of a financial liability, the difference between the carrying amount extinguished and the consideration paid (including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed) is recognized in profit or loss.
30
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
Employee benefits
-
Short-termemployee benefits
Short-term employee benefits are employee benefits that are due to be settled within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service. When an employee has rendered service to the Company during an accounting period, the Company recognizes the undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service as profit or loss. If the Company has a legal or constructive obligation which can be reliably measured, the Company recognizes the amount of expected payment for profit-sharing and bonuses payable as liabilities. - Other long-term employee benefits
Other long-term employee benefits include employee benefits that are settled beyond 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service, and are calculated at the present value of the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods, less the fair value of any related assets. The present value is determined by discounting the expected future cash flows using the interest rate of corporate bonds that have maturity dates approximating the terms of the Company's obligations and that are denominated in the same currency in which the benefits are expected to be paid. Any actuarial gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.
-
Retirement benefits: Defined contribution plans
For defined contribution plans, when an employee has rendered service to the Company during a period, the Company recognizes the contribution payable to a defined contribution plan in exchange for that service as an accrued expense, after deducting any contributions already paid. If the contributions already paid exceed the contribution due for service before the end of the reporting period, the Company recognizes that excess as an asset (prepaid expense) to the extent that the prepayment will lead to a reduction in future payments or a cash refund. - Retirement benefits: Defined benefit plans
A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. The Company's net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods; that benefit is discounted to determine its present value. The fair value of plan assets is deducted. The calculation is performed annually by an independent actuary using the projected unit credit method.
31
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
The discount rate is the yield at the reporting date on corporate bonds that have maturity dates approximating the terms of the Company's obligations and that are denominated in the same currency in which the benefits are expected to be paid. The Company recognizes all actuarial gains and losses arising from actuarial assumption changes and experiential adjustments in other comprehensive income when incurred.
When the fair value of plan assets exceeds the present value of the defined benefit obligation, the Company recognizes an asset, to the extent of the total of cumulative unrecognized past service cost and present value of any economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plan or reduction in the future contributions to the plan.
Remeasurements of net defined benefit liabilities, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognized immediately in other comprehensive income. The Company determines the net interest expense (income) on the net defined benefit liability (asset) for the period by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation at the beginning of the annual period to the then-net defined benefit liability (asset), taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability (asset) during the period as a result of contributions and benefit payments, net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognized in profit or loss.
When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service or the gain or loss in curtailment is recognized immediately in profit or loss. The Company recognizes gains and losses on the settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs.
Provisions
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
The risks and uncertainties that inevitably surround many events and circumstances are taken into account in reaching the best estimate of a provision. Where the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined at the present value of the expected future cash flows.
Where some or all of the expenditures required to settle a provision are expected to be reimbursed by another party, the reimbursement shall be recognized when, and only when, it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received if the entity settles the obligation. The reimbursement shall be treated as a separate asset.
32
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
Provisions are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, the provision is reversed.
Provision for restoration related to contaminated area is recognized when the area meets the Company's policy and legal standards of contamination.
A provision is used only for expenditures for which the provision was originally recognized.
Emission Rights
The Company accounts for greenhouse gases emission right and the relevant liability as follows pursuant to the Act on the Allocation and Trading of Greenhouse Gas Emission Permits which became effective in Korea in 2015.
-
Greenhouse Gases Emission Right
Greenhouse Gases Emission Right consists of emission allowances which are allocated from the government free of charge and those purchased from the market. The cost includes any directly attributable costs incurred during the normal course of business.
Emission rights held for the purpose of performing the obligation are classified as intangible asset and initially measured at cost and subsequently carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Emission rights held for short-swing profits are classified as current asset and are measured at fair value with any changes in fair value recognized as profit or loss in the respective reporting period.
The Company derecognizes an emission right asset when the emission allowance is unusable, disposed or submitted to government when the future economic benefits are no longer expected to be probable. - Emission liability
Emission liability is a present obligation of submitting emission rights to the government with regard to emission of greenhouse gas. Emission liability is recognized when there is a high possibility of outflows of resources in performing the obligation and the costs required to perform the obligation are reliably estimable. Emission liability is an amount of estimated obligation for emission rights to be submitted to the government for the performing period. The emission liability is measured based on the expected quantity of emission for the performing period in excess of emission allowance in possession, and the unit price for such emission rights in the market as of the end of the reporting period.
33
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
Equity instruments
-
Share capital
Common stock is classified as equity and the incremental costs arising directly attributable to the issuance of common stock less their tax effects are deducted from equity.
If the Company reacquires its own equity instruments, the amount of those instruments ("treasury shares") are presented as a contra equity account. No gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issuance or cancellation of its own equity instruments. When treasury shares are sold or reissued subsequently, the amount received is recognized as an increase to equity, and the resulting surplus or deficit on the transaction is recorded in capital surplus. - Hybrid bonds
Debt and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of financial liability and an equity instrument. When the Company has an unconditional right to avoid delivering cash or another financial asset to settle a contractual obligation, the instruments are classified as equity instruments.
Revenue from contracts with customers
Revenue is measured based on the consideration promised in the contract with the customer. The Company recognizes revenue when the control over a good or service is transferred to the customer. The following are the revenue recognition policies for performance obligations in the contracts with customers.
-
Steel products
For domestic sales, the control of the product is usually transferred to the customer when the product is delivered to the customer, at which point in time revenue is recognized. Invoices are generally due within 10 to 90 days. When a customer makes payment prior to the due date, they are offered a discount at certain percentage of the invoice amount. Only when the price discount period has passed, only the amount of the cumulative revenue that has already been recognized, Income recognized including income.
For export sales, revenue is recognized at the time when control of the product is transferred to the customer based on the "International Incoterms for Interpretation of Trade Terms" prescribed in the respective contracts, and the Company's export contract generally transfers control to the customer at the shipping of the product. Invoices are usually issued at the date of bill of lading and revenues are recognized based on the terms of Letter of Credit (L / C), Acceptance Condition (D / A), Payment Condition (D / P), Telegraphic Transfer (T / T) and others.
34
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
(b) Transportation services
For the performance obligation for transportation services included in the Company's product sales contracts, revenue is recognized over the period when the services are provided and the revenue is measured by reference to the degree to which the service has been completed. The billing date and payment terms for the service charge are the same as the billing date and payment terms for sale of steel products.
Finance income and finance costs
The Company's finance income and finance costs include:
- interest income;
- interest expense;
- dividend income;
- the foreign currency gain or loss on financial assets and financial liabilities;
- the net gain or loss on financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss;
- the net gain or loss on the disposal of investments in debt securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income.
Interest income or expense is recognized using the effective interest method. Dividend income is recognized in profit or loss on the date on which the Company's right to receive payment is established. The 'effective interest rate' is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument to:
- the gross carrying amount of the financial asset; or
- the amortized cost of the financial liability.
In calculating interest income and expense, the effective interest rate is applied to the gross carrying amount of the asset (when the asset is not credit-impaired) or to the amortized cost of the liability. However, for financial assets that have become credit-impaired subsequent to initial recognition, interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the amortized cost of the financial asset. If the asset is no longer credit-impaired, then the calculation of interest income reverts to the gross basis.
Income tax
Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current tax and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.
35
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to corporate tax as if it is applicable to the income taxes, the Company applies K-IFRS 1012 "Income Taxes", if it is not applicable to the income taxes, the Company applies K-IFRS 1037 "Provisions Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets".
The Company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities if, and only if, the Company:
- has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts, and
- intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
-
Current tax
Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable profit or loss for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. The taxable profit is different from the accounting profit for the period since the taxable profit is calculated excluding the temporary differences, which will be taxable or deductible in determining taxable profit of future periods, and non-taxable or non-deductible items from the accounting profit. - Deferred tax
The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities. The Company recognizes a deferred tax liability for all taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates, and joint ventures, except to the extent that the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. The Company recognizes a deferred tax asset for deductible temporary differences arising from investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures, to the extent that it is probable that the temporary difference will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized. However, deferred tax is not recognized for the following temporary differences: taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill, or the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting profit or loss nor taxable income.
A deferred tax asset is recognized for the carryforward of unused tax losses tax credits and deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the unused tax losses, tax credits and deductible temporary differences can be utilized. The future taxable profit depends on reversing taxable temporary differences. When there are insufficient taxable temporary differences, the probability of future taxable profit (including the reversal of temporary differences) should be considered.
36
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
The carrying amount of a deferred tax asset is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and is reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow the benefit of part or all of that deferred tax asset to be utilized.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to offset the related current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority and they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis.
Earnings per share
Management calculates basic earnings per share ("EPS") data for the Company's ordinary shares, which is presented at the end of the statement of comprehensive income. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing profit attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period, adjusted for own shares held.
New standards and interpretations not yet adopted
The following new standard has been published but is not mandatory for the Company for annual period beginning on January 1, 2019, and the Company has not early adopted them.
- K-IFRSNo. 1001 "Presentation of Financial Statements" and K-IFRS No. 1008 "Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors"
The definition of materiality has been clarified, and K-IFRS No. 1001 "Presentation of Financial Statements" and K-IFRS No. 1008 "Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors" have been amended according to the clarified definition. In determining the materiality, information is material if omitting, misstating or obscuring it could reasonably be expected to influence decisions that the primary users of general purpose financial statements make on the basis of those financial statements, which provide financial information about a specific reporting entity. The Company believes that the effect of the amendments to the consolidated financial statements is not significant.
- K-IFRSNo. 1103 "Business Combinations"
The amendment clarifies the definition of business when it includes input and process together significantly contribute to ability to create output and requires a simplified assessment that result in an asset acquisition if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. The Company expects that the amendments will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
37
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
4. Risk Management
The Company has exposure to the following risks from its use of financial instruments:
- credit risk
- liquidity risk
- market risk
- capital risk
This note presents information about the Company's exposure to each of the above risks, the Company's objectives, policies and processes for measuring and managing risk, and the Company's management of capital. Further quantitative disclosures are included throughout these separate financial statements.
(a) Financial risk management
1) Risk management framework
The Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Company's risk management framework. The Company's risk management policies are established to identify and analyze the risks faced by the Company, to set appropriate risk limits and controls, and to monitor risks and adherence to limits. Risk management policies and systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the Company's activities.
The Company, through its training and management standards and procedures, aims to develop a disciplined and constructive control environment in which all employees understand their roles and obligations.
2) Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations, and arises principally from the Company's receivables from customers and investment securities. In addition, credit risk arises from finance guarantees.
The Company implements a credit risk management policy under which the Company only transacts business with counterparties that have a certain level of credit rate evaluated based on financial condition, historical experience, and other factors. The Company's exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer. The default risk of a nation or an industry in which a customer operates its business does not have a significant influence on credit risk. The Company has established a credit policy under which each new customer is analyzed individually for creditworthiness.
38
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
The Company establishes an allowance for impairment that represents its estimate of expected losses in respect of trade and other receivables. The main components of this allowance are a specific loss component that relates to individually significant exposures, and a collective loss component established for companies of similar assets in respect of losses that have been incurred.
Credit risk also arises from transactions with financial institutions, and such transactions include transactions of cash and cash equivalents, various deposits, and financial instruments such as derivative contracts. The Company manages its exposure to this credit risk by only entering into transactions with banks that have high international credit ratings. The Company's treasury department authorizes, manages, and overseas new transactions with financial institutions with whom the Company has no previous relationship.
Furthermore, the Company limits its exposure to credit risk of financial guarantee contracts by strictly evaluating their necessity based on internal decision making processes, such as the approval of the board of directors.
3) Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. The Company's approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will always have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Company's reputation.
The Company's cash flow from business, borrowing or financing is sufficient to meet the cash requirements for the Company's strategic investments. Management believes that the Company is capable of raising funds by borrowing or financing if the Company is not able to generate cash flow requirements from its operations. The Company has committed borrowing facilities with various banks.
4) Market risk
Market risk means that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. The goal of market risk management is optimization of profit and controlling the exposure to market risk within acceptable limits.
- Currency risk
The Company is exposed to currency risk on sales, purchases and borrowings that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the Company, Korean Won. The Company's policy in respect of foreign currency risks is a natural hedge whereby foreign currency income is offset with foreign currency expenditures. The remaining net exposures after the natural hedge have been hedged using derivative contracts such as forward exchange contracts. In addition, the Company's derivative transactions are limited to hedging actual foreign currency transactions and speculative
39
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
hedging is not permitted. The Company reduces the foreign currency exposure by repayment of foreign currency borrowings subjected to investment in overseas when its maturities come.
- Interest rate risk
The Company manages the exposure to interest rate risk by adjusting of borrowing structure ratio between borrowings at fixed interest rate and variable interest rate. The Company monitors interest rate risks regularly in order to avoid exposure to interest rate risk on borrowings at variable interest rate.
- Other market price risk
Equity price risk arises from fluctuation of market price of listed equity securities. Management of the Company measures regularly the fair value of listed equity securities and the risk of variance in future cash flow caused by market price fluctuations. Significant investments are managed separately and all buy and sell decisions are approved by management of the Company.
-
Management of capital
The fundamental goal of capital management is the maximization of shareholders' value by means of the stable dividend policy and the retirement of treasury shares. The capital structure of the Company consists of equity and net borrowings (after deducting cash and cash equivalents) and current financial instruments from borrowings. The Company applied the same capital risk management strategy that was applied in the previous period.
Net borrowing-to-equity ratio as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | |||
Total borrowings | W | 6,338,012 | 4,270,970 | ||
Less: Cash and cash equivalents | 978,139 | 259,219 | |||
Net borrowings | 5,359,873 | 4,011,751 | |||
Total equity | W | 45,614,185 | 45,272,102 | ||
Net borrowings-to-equity ratio | 11.75% | 8.86% |
40
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
5. Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Demand deposits and checking accounts | W | 123,971 | 38,574 | |
Time deposits | 443,618 | 84,700 | ||
Other cash equivalents | 410,550 | 135,945 | ||
W | 978,139 | 259,219 | ||
6. Trade Accounts and Notes Receivable
Trade accounts and notes receivable as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won)
Current
Trade accounts and notes receivable Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts
Non-current
2019 | 2018 | ||
W | 3,999,991 | 3,989,699 | |
(12,950) | (21,327) | ||
W | 3,987,041 | 3,968,372 | |
Trade accounts and notes receivable | W | 9,530 | 11,904 | |
Less: Present value discount | (2,501) | (2,983) | ||
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts | (1,015) | (1,248) | ||
W | 6,014 | 7,673 | ||
Trade accounts and notes receivable sold to financial institutions, for which the derecognition conditions were not met, amounted to W167,021 million and W176,612 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The fair value of trade accounts and notes receivable approximates the carrying amounts and trade accounts and notes receivable are included in short-term borrowings from financial institutions .
41
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
7. Other Receivables
Other receivables as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Current | ||||
Loans | W | 2,950 | 2,950 | |
Other accounts receivable | 279,093 | 186,951 | ||
Others | 47,257 | 25,065 | ||
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts | (7,948) | (8,534) | ||
W | 321,352 | 206,432 | ||
Non-current | ||||
Loans | W | 34,224 | 26,335 | |
Long-term other accounts receivable | 27,570 | 36,832 | ||
Others | 3,555 | 2,915 | ||
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts | (8,881) | (8,315) | ||
W | 56,468 | 57,767 | ||
8. Other Financial Assets
(a) Other financial assets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Current | ||||
Short-term derivative assets | W | 15,603 | - | |
Debt securities | 290,559 | 21 | ||
Deposit instrument(*1) | 1,294,525 | 1,248,715 | ||
Short-term financial instruments | 6,258,292 | 5,776,407 | ||
W | 7,858,979 | 7,025,143 | ||
Non-current | ||||
Long-term derivative assets | W | 64,072 | 1,265 | |
Equity securities | 1,128,641 | 1,104,092 | ||
Debt securities | 9,177 | 9,667 | ||
Other securities | 55,972 | 61,701 | ||
Deposit instrument(*2) | 34 | 32 | ||
W | 1,257,896 | 1,176,757 |
(*1) As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, W4,524 million and W5,715 million, respectively, are restricted in relation to government assigned project.
(*2) The Company is required to provide deposits to maintain checking accounts and accordingly the withdrawal of these deposits is restricted.
42
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
-
Equity securities and available-for-sale securities (equity instruments) as of December 31,
2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||
Net changes in | ||||||||||||||
Number of | Ownership | Acquisition | Fair | fair value of | Book | Book | ||||||||
shares | (%) | cost | value | equity securities | value | value | ||||||||
Marketable equity securities | ||||||||||||||
Nippon Steel Corporation | 15,698,500 | 1.65 | W | 473,962 | 276,133 | (197,829) | 276,133 | 301,010 | ||||||
KB Financial group Inc. | 3,863,520 | 0.93 | 178,839 | 184,097 | 5,258 | 184,097 | 179,654 | |||||||
Woori Financial Group Inc. | 20,280,000 | 2.81 | 244,447 | 235,248 | (9,199) | 235,248 | 316,368 | |||||||
DONGKUK STEEL MILL CO., LTD | 1,440,459 | 1.51 | 8,442 | 8,571 | 129 | 8,571 | 12,919 | |||||||
SAMWONSTEEL Co., Ltd. | 5,700,000 | 14.25 | 8,930 | 17,214 | 8,284 | 17,214 | 16,188 | |||||||
DONGKUK INDUSTRIES COMPANY | 2,611,989 | 4.82 | 11,911 | 6,778 | (5,133) | 6,778 | 6,387 | |||||||
Others (6 companies) | 55,752 | 34,157 | (21,595) | 34,157 | 42,247 | |||||||||
982,283 | 762,198 | (220,085) | 762,198 | 874,773 | ||||||||||
Non-marketable equity securities | ||||||||||||||
Congonhas Minerios S.A.(*1) | 3,658,394 | 2.02 | 221,535 | 292,453 | 70,918 | 292,453 | 182,992 | |||||||
Korea Nickel CO.LTD | 75,600 | 14.00 | 10,194 | 10,194 | - | 10,194 | - | |||||||
Poongsan Special Metal Corp. | 315,790 | 5.00 | 7,657 | 7,657 | - | 7,657 | 7,657 | |||||||
HANKUM.CO.LTD | 21,000 | 4.99 | 4,599 | 4,599 | - | 4,599 | 4,599 | |||||||
Core-Industry Co., Ltd. | 490,000 | 19.84 | 4,214 | 4,214 | - | 4,214 | 4,214 | |||||||
AJUSTEEL CO.,LTD | 17,000 | 4.36 | 4,165 | 4,165 | - | 4,165 | 4,165 | |||||||
Others (28 companies) | 147,690 | 43,161 | (104,529) | 43,161 | 25,692 | |||||||||
400,054 | 366,443 | (33,611) | 366,443 | 229,319 | ||||||||||
W | 1,382,337 | 1,128,641 | (253,696) | 1,128,641 | 1,104,092 |
(*1) Fair value is based on an analysis performed by an external professional evaluation agency.
9. Inventories
(a) Inventories as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | |||
Finished goods | W | 868,012 | 1,146,961 | ||
Semi-finished goods | 1,474,153 | 1,343,877 | |||
By-products | 10,763 | 6,166 | |||
Raw materials | 1,139,517 | 1,130,000 | |||
Fuel and materials | 646,396 | 552,270 | |||
Materials-in-transit | 856,706 | 1,120,349 | |||
Others | 660 | 555 | |||
4,996,207 | 5,300,178 | ||||
Less: Allowance for inventories valuation | (7,677) | (12,169) | |||
W | 4,988,530 | 5,288,009 |
- The changes of allowance for inventories valuation for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Beginning | W | 12,169 | 2,363 | |
Loss on valuation of inventories | 7,677 | 12,169 | ||
Utilization on sale of inventories | (12,169) | (2,363) | ||
Ending | W | 7,677 | 12,169 |
43
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
10. Assets Held for Sale
Assets held for sale as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | |||
Assets | |||||
Investments in subsidiaries(*1) | W | 17,603 | 25,683 | ||
Property, plant and equipment(*2) | 36,321 | - | |||
W | 53,924 | 25,683 | |||
(*1) The Company determined to dispose part of the interest of POSCO Thainox Public Company Limited, subsidiary of the Company, and classified investments in subsidiaries as assets held for sale. The Company recognized W7,362 million of impairment loss from the difference between book value and net fair value of the interest, and finished disposal for part of it.
(*2) During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company decided to sell individual assets that were suspended, such as CEM plants, and classified those assets as held for sale. The Company recognized impairment loss of W659 million for the difference between the carrying amount and fair value of those assets.
11. Investments in Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint ventures
-
Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures as of December 31, 2019 and
2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Investment in subsidiaries | W | 12,243,755 | 12,393,106 | |
Investment in associates | 742,120 | 634,094 | ||
Investment in joint ventures | 2,083,982 | 2,094,139 | ||
W | 15,069,857 | 15,121,339 | ||
There are no significant restrictions on the ability of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures to transfer funds to the controlling company, such as in the forms of cash dividends and repayment of loans or payment of advances.
44
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
- Details of subsidiaries and carrying amounts as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||
Number of | Ownership | Net asset | Acquisition | Book | Book | |||||||||||
Country | Principal operations | shares | (%) | value | cost | value | value | |||||||||
[Domestic] | ||||||||||||||||
POSCO INTERNATIONAL Corporation | Korea | Trading | 77,616,018 | 62.91 | W | 2,906,273 | 3,610,502 | 3,383,745 | 3,407,110 | |||||||
(Formerly, POSCO DAEWOO Corporation)(*1) | ||||||||||||||||
POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD. | Korea | Engineering and construction | 22,073,568 | 52.80 | 2,628,317 | 1,014,314 | 1,014,314 | 1,014,314 | ||||||||
POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD. | Korea | Power generation | 40,234,508 | 89.02 | 1,412,509 | 658,176 | 658,176 | 658,176 | ||||||||
POSCO Processing&Service(*2) | Korea | Steel sales and trading | - | 0.00 | - | - | - | 385,995 | ||||||||
POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd. | Korea | Coated steel manufacturing and sales | 3,412,000 | 56.87 | 219,723 | 108,421 | 108,421 | 108,421 | ||||||||
POSCO Venture Capital Co., Ltd. | Korea | Investment in venture companies | 19,700,000 | 95.00 | 134,886 | 103,780 | 103,780 | 103,780 | ||||||||
POSCO CHEMCAL CO., LTD | Korea | Refractory manufacturing and sales | 37,360,220 | 61.26 | 925,230 | 296,944 | 207,631 | 100,535 | ||||||||
(Formerly, POSCO CHEMTECH)(*3) | ||||||||||||||||
POSCO ES MATERIALS CO., LTD(*3) | Korea | Secondary battery active material | ||||||||||||||
manufacturing and sales | - | - | - | - | - | 107,096 | ||||||||||
POSCO O&M Co., Ltd(Formerly, POSMATE)(*4,5) | Korea | Business facility maintenance | 902,946 | 47.17 | 226,193 | 73,374 | 73,374 | 73,374 | ||||||||
POSCO ICT | Korea | Computer hardware | ||||||||||||||
and software distribution | 99,403,282 | 65.38 | 363,217 | 70,990 | 70,990 | 70,990 | ||||||||||
POSCO M-TECH(*5) | Korea | Packing materials manufacturing | ||||||||||||||
and sales | 20,342,460 | 48.85 | 89,960 | 107,278 | 107,278 | 107,278 | ||||||||||
POSCO Family Strategy Fund | Korea | Investment in venture companies | 419 | 69.91 | 42,866 | 42,412 | 29,596 | 32,457 | ||||||||
Busan E&E Co,. Ltd.(*6) | Korea | Municipal solid waste fuel | ||||||||||||||
and power generation | 6,029,660 | 70.00 | 51,202 | 30,148 | 30,148 | 30,148 | ||||||||||
Others (10 companies) | Korea | 397,067 | 178,874 | 117,393 | 101,774 | |||||||||||
9,397,443 | 6,295,213 | 5,904,846 | 6,301,448 | |||||||||||||
[Foreign] | ||||||||||||||||
PT. KRAKATAU POSCO(*7) | Indonesia | Steel manufacturing and sales | 739,900 | 70.00 | (61,702) | 813,431 | 707,509 | 813,431 | ||||||||
POSCO WA PTY LTD | Australia | Iron ore sales and mine development | 622,380,552 | 100.00 | 407,237 | 640,720 | 640,720 | 635,736 | ||||||||
POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited | India | Steel manufacturing and sales | 361,789,958 | 100.00 | 403,122 | 722,569 | 722,569 | 722,569 | ||||||||
POSCO Canada Ltd.(*2) | Canada | Coal mine development | 1,099,885 | 100.00 | 694,633 | 560,879 | 560,879 | - | ||||||||
POSCO AUSTRALIA PTY LTD | Australia | Iron ore sales and mine development | 761,775 | 100.00 | 495,440 | 330,623 | 330,623 | 330,623 | ||||||||
Zhangjiagang Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd. | China | Stainless steel manufacturing | ||||||||||||||
and sales | 2,285,407,454 | 58.60 | 530,405 | 283,845 | 283,845 | 283,845 | ||||||||||
POSCO Thainox Public Company Limited(*8) | Thailand | Stainless steel manufacturing | ||||||||||||||
and sales | 6,578,748,919 | 84.39 | 344,441 | 444,506 | 212,339 | 416,612 | ||||||||||
POSCO-China Holding Corp. | China | Investment management | - | 100.00 | 508,763 | 593,841 | 593,841 | 593,841 | ||||||||
POSCO-India Private Limited | India | Steel manufacturing and sales | 764,999,999 | 99.99 | 84,434 | 184,815 | 75,567 | 75,567 | ||||||||
POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V. | Mexico | Plate steel manufacturing and sales | 2,686,745,272 | 83.28 | 225,617 | 180,072 | 180,072 | 180,072 | ||||||||
POSCO America Corporation | USA | Steel trading | 437,941 | 99.45 | 84,311 | 192,156 | 192,156 | 192,156 | ||||||||
POSCO-VIETNAM Co., Ltd. | Vietnam | Steel manufacturing and sales | - | 100.00 | 4,202 | 160,572 | 160,572 | 160,572 | ||||||||
POSCO VST CO., LTD. | Vietnam | Stainless steel manufacturing | ||||||||||||||
and sales | - | 95.65 | 38,664 | 144,573 | 144,573 | 144,573 | ||||||||||
POSCO(Guangdong) Automotive Steel Co., Ltd.(*9) | China | Plate steel manufacturing and sales | - | 83.64 | 64,618 | 130,751 | 52,936 | 130,751 | ||||||||
POSCO COATED STEEL (THAILAND) CO., LTD | Thailand | Plate steel manufacturing and sales | 36,000,000 | 100.00 | 91,284 | 121,592 | 121,592 | 121,592 | ||||||||
POSCO Asia Co., Ltd. | Hong Kong | Steel and raw material trading | 9,360,000 | 100.00 | 214,618 | 117,710 | 117,710 | 117,710 | ||||||||
POSCO ASSAN TST STEEL INDUSTRY | Turkey | Steel manufacturing and sales | 144,579,160 | 60.00 | (65,178) | 92,800 | 92,800 | 92,800 | ||||||||
POSCO JAPAN Co., Ltd. | Japan | Steel trading | 90,438 | 100.00 | 170,498 | 68,436 | 68,436 | 68,436 | ||||||||
Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd. | China | Stainless steel manufacturing | ||||||||||||||
and sales | - | 70.00 | 106,569 | 65,982 | 65,982 | 65,982 | ||||||||||
POSCO(Suzhou) Automotive | ||||||||||||||||
Processing Center Co., Ltd. | China | Steel manufacturing and sales | - | 90.00 | 139,243 | 62,494 | 62,494 | 62,494 | ||||||||
POSCO AFRICA (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED | South Africa | Mine development | 1,390 | 100.00 | 34,774 | 50,297 | 50,297 | 50,297 | ||||||||
POSCO-Malaysia SDN. BHD. | Malaysia | Steel manufacturing and sales | 144,772,000 | 81.79 | (16,905) | 45,479 | 45,479 | 45,479 | ||||||||
POSCO(Guangdong) Coated Steel Co., Ltd.(*10) | China | Plate steel sheet manufacturing | ||||||||||||||
and sales | - | - | - | - | - | 31,299 | ||||||||||
POSCO Argentina S.A.U. | Argentina | Mineral exploration, manufacturing | ||||||||||||||
and sales | 1,570,000 | 100.00 | 373,561 | 370,250 | 370,250 | 349,097 | ||||||||||
Others (30 companies)(*2,11) | 738,869 | 1,151,633 | 485,668 | 406,124 | ||||||||||||
5,611,518 | 7,530,026 | 6,338,909 | 6,091,658 | |||||||||||||
W | 15,008,961 | 13,825,239 | 12,243,755 | 12,393,106 |
(*1) During the year ended December 31, 2019, POSCO DAEWOO Corporation changed its name to POSCO INTERNATIONAL Corporation. Also, as of December 31, 2019, the Company performed the impairment test on investment in POSCO INTERNATIONAL Corporation due to continuous decline in fair value. Recoverable amount was determined based on its value in use, which is estimated from the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at 6.84%. As a result of the impairment test, the Company has recognized W23,703 million of impairment loss.
(*2) During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company merged with POSCO Processing&Service, and subsidiaries owned by POSCO Processing&Service, such as POSCO Canada Ltd., were newly added.
(*3) During the year ended December 31, 2019, POSCO CHEMTECH changed its name to POSCO CHEMICAL CO., LTD. and merged with POSCO ES MATERIALS CO., LTD.
(*4) During the year ended December 31, 2019, POSMATE changed its name to POSCO
45
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
O&M Co., Ltd.
(*5) The Company classified POSCO M-TECH and POSCO O&M Co., Ltd. as the investments in a subsidiary, considering additional facts and circumstances, such as the relative size of the voting rights held by the Company and the degree of diversification of other voting rights holders, although the Company holds less than half of the voting rights of POSCO M-TECH and POSCO O&M Co., Ltd.
(*6) As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the investments in a subsidiary amounting to W30,148 million were provided as collateral in relation to the loan agreements of Busan E&E Co., Ltd.
(*7) As of December 31, 2019, the Company performed the impairment test on investment in PT. KRAKATAU POSCO. due to evidences of impairment such as full capital erosion. Recoverable amount was determined based on its value in use, which is estimated from the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at 7.68%. As a result of the impairment test, the Company has recognized W105,922 million of impairment loss.
(*8) During the year ended December 31, 2019, Zhangjiagang Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd. changed its name to POSCO (Zhangjiagang) Stainless Steel Co., Ltd.
(*9) As of December 31, 2019, the Company performed the impairment test on investment in POSCO Thainox Public Company Limited. due to evidences of impairment such as continuous decline in fair value. Recoverable amount was determined based on its value in use, which is estimated from the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at 7.43%. As a result of the impairment test, the Company has recognized W204,272 million of impairment loss.
(*10)As of December 31, 2019, the Company performed impairment test on investment in POSCO (Guangdong) Automotive Steel Co., Ltd. due to evidences of impairment such as continuous loss. Recoverable amount was determined based on its value in use, which is estimated from the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at 13.00%. As a result of the impairment test, the Company has recognized W77,814 million of impairment loss.
(*11)POSCO (Guangdong) Coated Steel Co., Ltd., was disposed during the year ended December 31, 2019, and impairment losses was recognized at the difference between the expected sale price and the book value, amounting to W6,435 million.
(*12)During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company made additional investment of W391,144 million upon issue of shares by the subsidiary, POSCO SS VINA JOINT STOCK COMPANY (formerly, POSCO SS VINA Co., Ltd) and recognized full impairment.
46
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
- Details of associates and carrying amounts as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||
Number of | Ownership | Net asset | Acquisition | Book | Book | |||||||||||
Country | Principal operations | shares | (%) | value | cost | value | value | |||||||||
[Domestic] | ||||||||||||||||
EQP POSCO Global NO1 | ||||||||||||||||
Natural Resources PEF | Korea | Mine investment | 169,316,307,504 | 31.64 | W | 515,873 | 169,316 | 169,316 | 169,316 | |||||||
SNNC | Korea | STS material manufacturing | ||||||||||||||
and sales | 18,130,000 | 49.00 | 319,665 | 100,655 | 100,655 | 100,655 | ||||||||||
QSONE Co.,Ltd.(*1) | Korea | Real estate rental business | ||||||||||||||
200,000 | 50.00 | 171,775 | 85,550 | 85,550 | - | |||||||||||
Others (7 companies)(*1) | 19,442 | 543,884 | 22,468 | 19,052 | ||||||||||||
1,026,755 | 899,405 | 377,989 | 289,023 | |||||||||||||
[Foreign] | ||||||||||||||||
Nickel Mining Company SAS | New | Raw material | ||||||||||||||
Caledonia | manufacturing and sales | 3,234,698 | 49.00 | 140,183 | 189,197 | 189,197 | 189,197 | |||||||||
7623704 Canada Inc.(*2) | Canada | Mine investment | 114,452,000 | 10.40 | 1,276,856 | 124,341 | 124,341 | 124,341 | ||||||||
Zhongyue POSCO (Qinhuangdao) | Tinplate manufacturing | |||||||||||||||
Tinplate Industrial Co., Ltd | China | and sales | - | 24.00 | 50,181 | 11,003 | 11,003 | 11,003 | ||||||||
Others (6 companies) | 84,385 | 48,136 | 39,590 | 20,530 | ||||||||||||
1,551,605 | 372,677 | 364,131 | 345,071 | |||||||||||||
W | 2,578,360 | 1,272,082 | 742,120 | 634,094 |
(*1) As of December 31, 2019, the company absorbed POSCO Processing & Service and newly added related companies such as QSONE, which was held by POSCO Processing & Service.
(*2) As of December 31, 2019, it was classified as an associate even though the Company's ownership percentage is less than 20% of ownership since the Company has significant influence over the investee when considering its structure of the Board of Directors and others.
- Details of joint ventures and carrying amounts as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||
Number of | Ownership | Net asset | Acquisition | Book | Book | ||||||||||
Country | Principal operations | shares | (%) | value | cost | value | value | ||||||||
Roy Hill Holdings Pty Ltd(*1) | Australia | Mine development | 10,494,377 | 10.00 | W | 5,435,533 | 1,225,464 | 1,225,464 | 1,225,464 | ||||||
CSP - Compania Siderurgica do Pecem(*2) | Brazil | Steel manufacturing and sales | 1,221,586,532 | 20.00 | (289,718) | 594,173 | 322,463 | 336,600 | |||||||
POSCO-NPS Niobium LLC | USA | Mine development | 325,050,000 | 50.00 | 752,617 | 364,609 | 364,609 | 364,609 | |||||||
KOBRASCO | Brazil | Steel materials manufacturing | |||||||||||||
and sales | 2,010,719,185 | 50.00 | 231,282 | 98,962 | 98,962 | 98,962 | |||||||||
Others (3 companies) | 362,621 | 72,483 | 72,484 | 68,504 | |||||||||||
W | 6,492,335 | 2,355,691 | 2,083,982 | 2,094,139 |
(*1) As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the investments in joint ventures amounting to W1,225,464 million were provided as collateral in relation to loans from project financing of Roy Hill Holdings Pty Ltd.
(*2) As of December 31, 2019, the Company performed the impairment test on investment in CSP - Compania Siderurgica do Pecem due to evidences of impairment including continuous loss. Recoverable amount was determined based on its value in use, which is estimated from the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at 7.70%. As a result of the impairment test, the Company has recognized W52,491 million of impairment losses.
47
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
12. Investment Property, Net
(a) Investment property as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||
Acquisition | Accumulated | Accumulated | Acquisition | Accumulated | Book | ||||||||||
cost | depreciation | impairment | Book value | cost | depreciation | value | |||||||||
Land | W | 93,203 | - | (1,465) | 91,738 | 44,637 | - | 44,637 | |||||||
Buildings | 164,234 | (106,983) | (23) | 57,228 | 150,630 | (96,353) | 54,277 | ||||||||
Structures | 23,244 | (14,133) | - | 9,111 | 22,508 | (13,207) | 9,301 | ||||||||
W | 280,681 | (121,116) | (1,488) | 158,077 | 217,775 | (109,560) | 108,215 |
The fair value of investment property as of December 31, 2019 is W617,987 million.
-
Changes in the carrying amount of investment property for the years ended December 31,
2019 and 2018 were as follows:
1) For the year ended December 31, 2019
(in millions of Won) | Beginning | Business Combination(*1) | Depreciation(*2) | Transfer(*3) | Ending | |||||
Land | W | 44,637 | 41,195 | - | 5,906 | 91,738 | ||||
Buildings | 54,277 | 25 | (4,070) | 6,996 | 57,228 | |||||
Structures | 9,301 | - | (620) | 430 | 9,111 | |||||
W | 108,215 | 41,220 | (4,690) | 13,332 | 158,077 |
(*1) This increases was due to business combination with POSCO Processing&Service.
(*2) The useful life and depreciation method of investment property are identical to those of property, plant and equipment.
(*3) Mainly includes assets transferred from property, plant and equipment in relation to change in rental ratio and the purpose of use.
2) For the year ended December 31, 2018
(in millions of Won) | Beginning | Depreciation(*1) | Transfer(*2) | Ending | ||||
Land | W | 38,035 | - | 6,602 | 44,637 | |||
Buildings | 49,793 | (3,715) | 8,199 | 54,277 | ||||
Structures | 9,479 | (596) | 418 | 9,301 | ||||
W | 97,307 | (4,311) | 15,219 | 108,215 |
(*1) The useful life and depreciation method of investment property are identical to those of property, plant and equipment.
(*2) Mainly includes assets transferred from property, plant and equipment in relation to change in rental ratio and the purpose of use.
48
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
13. Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
(a) Property, plant and equipment as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||
Acquisition | Accumulated | Accumulated | Government | Book | Acquisition | Accumulated | Accumulated | Government | Book | ||||||||||||
cost | depreciation | impairment | grants | value | cost | depreciation | impairment | grants | value | ||||||||||||
Land | W | 1,398,081 | - | - | - | 1,398,081 | 1,458,632 | - | - | - | 1,458,632 | ||||||||||
Buildings | 6,143,768 | (4,027,360) | (15,905) | - | 2,100,503 | 6,078,950 | (3,868,189) | (11,332) | - | 2,199,429 | |||||||||||
Structures | 4,653,513 | (2,610,927) | (11,733) | - | 2,030,853 | 4,936,474 | (2,679,134) | (13,241) | - | 2,244,099 | |||||||||||
Machinery and equipment | 38,572,881 | (25,861,776) | (108,670) | - | 12,602,435 | 38,000,342 | (24,892,883) | (195,992) | - | 12,911,467 | |||||||||||
Vehicles | 206,190 | (196,239) | - | - | 9,951 | 205,582 | (198,242) | - | - | 7,340 | |||||||||||
Tools | 208,791 | (181,503) | - | - | 27,288 | 201,564 | (177,700) | - | - | 23,864 | |||||||||||
Furniture and fixtures | 260,204 | (221,416) | (459) | - | 38,329 | 259,885 | (223,247) | (351) | - | 36,287 | |||||||||||
Lease assets | 323,330 | (60,962) | - | - | 262,368 | 169,094 | (26,293) | - | - | 142,801 | |||||||||||
Construction-in-progress | 2,527,266 | - | (856,551) | (8,324) | 1,662,391 | 1,982,037 | - | (846,401) | (5,221) | 1,130,415 | |||||||||||
W | 54,294,024 | (33,160,183) | (993,318) | (8,324) | 20,132,199 | 53,292,560 | (32,065,688) | (1,067,317) | (5,221) | 20,154,334 |
- Changes in the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
1) For the year ended December 31, 2019
Business | |||||||||||||||||
(in millions of Won) | Beginning | Acquisitions | Combination(*5) | Disposals | Depreciation | Impairment(*1) | Others(*2,4) | Ending | |||||||||
Land | W | 1,458,632 | - | - | (1,805) | - | - | (58,746) | 1,398,081 | ||||||||
Buildings | 2,199,429 | 7,157 | 67,751 | (7,706) | (202,171) | (25,869) | 61,912 | 2,100,503 | |||||||||
Structures | 2,244,099 | 10,777 | 39,783 | (3,125) | (173,181) | (9,585) | (77,915) | 2,030,853 | |||||||||
Machinery and equipment | 12,911,467 | 92,136 | 696,204 | (21,616) | (1,717,864) | (176,295) | 818,403 | 12,602,435 | |||||||||
Vehicles | 7,340 | 747 | 40 | - | (6,244) | - | 8,068 | 9,951 | |||||||||
Tools | 23,864 | 5,348 | 138 | (24) | (11,499) | - | 9,461 | 27,288 | |||||||||
Furniture and fixtures | 36,287 | 4,781 | 94 | (9) | (9,805) | (137) | 7,118 | 38,329 | |||||||||
Lease assets(*3) | 142,801 | 27,376 | - | - | (34,669) | - | 126,860 | 262,368 | |||||||||
Construction-in-progress | 1,130,415 | 1,838,490 | 696 | - | - | (10,150) | (1,297,060) | 1,662,391 | |||||||||
W | 20,154,334 | 1,986,812 | 804,706 | (34,285) | (2,155,433) | (222,036) | (401,899) | 20,132,199 |
(*1) The Company estimated recoverable amount for individual assets such as CEM and Fe-Si factories that ceased operations due to the disposal plan and others by calculating net fair value based on the appraisal value or scrap value and recognized an impairment loss since recoverable amounts are less than their carrying amounts for the year ended December 31, 2019.
(*2) During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company decided to sell the rights related to the operation of LNG Terminal to POSCO ENERGY Co., Ltd and reclassified to assets for sale and liabilities for sale directly related the operation. As of December 31, 2019, the Company recognized W28,626 million of gain on disposal was recognized for the difference between the carrying amount and the sale price.
(*3) Right-of-use assets of W128,610 million recognized on the date of initial application (January 1, 2019) of the K-IFRS No. 1116 "Lease" are included in other changes.
(*4) It consists of the replacement of the main account of assets under construction, replacement of assets held for sale, and amounts replaced with investment property and intangible assets.
(*5) This has increased due to the business combination between the company and POSCO ENERGY's by-product power generation business.
49
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
2) For the year ended December 31, 2018
(in millions of Won) | Beginning | Acquisitions | Disposals | Depreciation | Impairment(*1,2) | Others(*3) | Ending | |||||||
Land | W | 1,474,993 | - | (9,763) | - | - | (6,598) | 1,458,632 | ||||||
Buildings | 2,334,399 | 11,743 | (10,586) | (207,946) | (633) | 72,452 | 2,199,429 | |||||||
Structures | 2,352,008 | 9,837 | (1,469) | (187,572) | (3,868) | 75,163 | 2,244,099 | |||||||
Machinery and equipment | 13,437,338 | 64,645 | (47,128) | (1,677,476) | (88,642) | 1,222,730 | 12,911,467 | |||||||
Vehicles | 7,047 | 412 | - | (5,197) | - | 5,078 | 7,340 | |||||||
Tools | 21,115 | 6,076 | (3) | (10,785) | - | 7,461 | 23,864 | |||||||
Furniture and fixtures | 31,050 | 1,708 | (39) | (8,231) | (7) | 11,806 | 36,287 | |||||||
Lease assets | 72,105 | 81,048 | - | (10,352) | - | - | 142,801 | |||||||
Construction-in-progress | 1,831,215 | 1,608,023 | - | - | (846,401) | (1,462,422) | 1,130,415 | |||||||
W | 21,561,270 | 1,783,492 | (68,988) | (2,107,559) | (939,551) | (74,330) | 20,154,334 |
(*1) During 2018, the Company evaluated future economic performance of its Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) facility that was still in trial run stage. Considering the continuous decline in LNG price, increase in coal prices and the need for additional capital investment in the SNG facility, the Company concluded that the profitability of the SNG facility is unlikely to be sustainable and decided to terminate the operation of SNG facility as of December 31, 2018. The property, plant and equipment in the SNG facility are primarily comprised of machinery and equipment, among which assets with a carrying value of W180,238 million are expected to be re-used in other facilities of the Company therefore no impairment test was conducted. For the remaining assets impairment test was performed by estimating the recoverable amount of each individual assets. For the assets which are determined to be technically obsolete and therefore sale is unlikely, recoverable amount is determined at their expected scrap value less cost of disposal.
For the assets for which sale is probable, the recoverable amount is determined based on fair value less cost of disposal. Fair value was measured using cost approach, which is estimated based on the current cost to purchase or replace the asset less applicable depreciation and obsolescence. Specifically, the Company used indirect cost approach to estimate the replacement cost for a new asset by applying asset specific inflation factors to the asset's historical cost and deducting depreciation for physical deterioration. Depreciation factors are applied primarily based on estimated useful life of the asset and declining balance depreciation method. The fair value measurement of assets in SNG facility is considered to be level 3 because significant inputs used in the estimate, such as asset specific inflation factors and estimated useful lives, are unobservable.
As a result of the impairment test, the Company recognized an impairment loss of W877,764 million in connection with the property, plant and equipment in the SNG facility.
(*2) The Company has recognized W61,787 million of impairment losses since recoverable amount on Strip Casting facilities was less than their carrying amount for the year ended December 31, 2018.
(*3) Represents assets transferred from construction-in-progress to intangible assets and other property, plant and equipment, assets transferred to investment property and others.
50
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
- Borrowing costs capitalized and the capitalized interest rate for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Weighted average expenditure | W | 562,530 | 444,586 | |
Borrowing costs capitalized | 21,457 | 15,736 | ||
Capitalization rate | 3.81% | 3.54% |
- Information on lease agreements for which the Company is a lessee is as follows:
- Right-of-useassets
Beginning | ||||||||||
(in millions of Won) | (The date of initial application) | Acquisitions | Depreciation | Others | Ending | |||||
Buildings | W | 78,384 | - | (6,463) | - | 71,921 | ||||
Structures | 53,761 | 13,502 | (2,830) | - | 64,434 | |||||
Machinery and equipment | 65,698 | - | (5,500) | - | 60,198 | |||||
Vehicles | 7,256 | - | (500) | - | 6,755 | |||||
Furniture and fixtures | 66,312 | 13,874 | (19,376) | (1,749) | 59,060 | |||||
W | 271,411 | 27,376 | (34,669) | (1,749) | 262,368 |
2) Amount recognized in profit or loss
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | ||
Interest on lease liabilities | W | 8,709 | |
Expenses relating to short-term leases | 1,898 | ||
Expenses relating to leases of low-value assets | 6,881 | ||
W | 17,488 | ||
14. Intangible Assets, Net
(a) Intangible assets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
Acquisition | Accumulated | Accumulated | Book | Acquisition | Accumulated | Accumulated | Book | ||||||||||
cost | amortization | impairment | value | cost | amortization | impairment | value | ||||||||||
Intellectual property rights | W | 49,052 | (24,507) | - | 24,545 | 45,423 | (21,046) | - | 24,377 | ||||||||
Membership | 85,929 | - | (3,272) | 82,657 | 76,806 | - | (3,623) | 73,183 | |||||||||
Development expense | 431,984 | (345,961) | - | 86,023 | 399,001 | (307,243) | - | 91,758 | |||||||||
Port facilities usage rights | 683,387 | (405,315) | - | 278,072 | 725,151 | (419,441) | - | 305,710 | |||||||||
Construction-in-progress | 137,273 | - | - | 137,273 | 58,561 | - | - | 58,561 | |||||||||
Other intangible assets | 376,212 | (264,035) | (11,832) | 100,345 | 362,493 | (259,028) | (11,832) | 91,633 | |||||||||
W | 1,763,837 | (1,039,818) | (15,104) | 708,915 | 1,667,435 | (1,006,758) | (15,455) | 645,222 |
51
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
-
Changes in the carrying amount of intangible assets for the years ended December 31,
2019 and 2018 were as follows:
1) For the year ended December 31, 2019
(in millions of Won) | Beginning | Acquisitions | Disposals | Amortization | Transfer(*2) | Ending | |||||
Intellectual property rights W | 24,377 | - | (1,270) | (5,678) | 7,116 | 24,545 | |||||
Membership(*1) | 73,183 | 9,204 | (6) | - | 276 | 82,657 | |||||
Development expense | 91,758 | 2,205 | - | (41,793) | 33,853 | 86,023 | |||||
Port facilities usage rights | 305,710 | - | (4,674) | (22,964) | - | 278,072 | |||||
Construction-in-progress | 58,561 | 114,638 | - | - | (35,926) | 137,273 | |||||
Other intangible assets | 91,633 | 615 | (4,568) | (6,755) | 19,420 | 100,345 | |||||
W | 645,222 | 126,662 | (10,518) | (77,190) | 24,739 | 708,915 |
(*1) Economic useful life of membership is indefinite.
(*2) Represents assets transferred from construction-in-progress to intangible assets and assets transferred from property, plant and equipment, and others.
2) For the year ended December 31, 2018
(in millions of Won) | Beginning | Acquisitions | Disposals | Amortization | Impairment(*2) | Transfer(*3) | Ending | ||||||
Intellectual property rights W | 24,177 | - | (401) | (5,041) | - | 5,642 | 24,377 | ||||||
Membership(*1) | 48,277 | 26,869 | (573) | - | (1,007) | (383) | 73,183 | ||||||
Development expense | 74,805 | 1,901 | - | (33,997) | - | 49,049 | 91,758 | ||||||
Port facilities usage rights | 310,039 | - | - | (23,001) | - | 18,672 | 305,710 | ||||||
Construction-in-progress | 55,292 | 59,257 | - | - | - | (55,988) | 58,561 | ||||||
Other intangible assets | 15,484 | 75,676 | - | (7,062) | (10) | 7,545 | 91,633 | ||||||
W | 528,074 | 163,703 | (974) | (69,101) | (1,017) | 24,537 | 645,222 |
(*1) Economic useful life of membership is indefinite.
(*2) The Company has recognized impairment losses on some other intangible assets since the recoverable amounts were less than carrying amounts.
(*3) Represents assets transferred from construction-in-progress to intangible assets and assets transferred from property, plant and equipment, and others.
52
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
15. Other Assets
Other current assets and other long-term assets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||||
Current | 6,252 | 4,157 | ||||
Advance payments | W | |||||
Prepaid expenses | 21,849 | 19,385 | ||||
W | 28,101 | 23,542 | ||||
Non-current | ||||||
Long-term prepaid expenses | W | 5,088 | 5,089 | |||
Others(*1) | 100,186 | 53,184 | ||||
W | 105,274 | 58,273 | ||||
(*1) As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized tax assets amounting to W97,185 million and W50,112 million based on the Company's best estimate of the tax amounts to be refunded when the result of the Company's appeal in connection with the additional income tax payment in prior years' tax audits and claim for rectification are finalized.
16. Borrowings
(a) Borrowings as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Short-term borrowings | ||||
Short-term borrowings | W | 167,021 | 476,612 | |
Current portion of long-term borrowings | - | 375 | ||
Current portion of debentures | 980,460 | 350,000 | ||
Less: Current portion of discount on debentures issued | (1,005) | (125) | ||
W | 1,146,476 | 826,862 | ||
Long-term borrowings | ||||
Long-term borrowings | W | 1,181 | 1,141 | |
Debentures | 5,216,681 | 3,456,367 | ||
Less: Discount on debentures issued | (26,325) | (13,400) | ||
W | 5,191,537 | 3,444,108 |
53
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
(b) Short-term borrowings as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Short-term borrowings | W | - | 300,000 | |
Transfers of account receivables | ||||
that do not qualify for derecognition | 167,021 | 176,612 | ||
W | 167,021 | 476,612 | ||
(c) Current portion of long-term borrowings as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | Issuance | Maturity | Annual | ||||||||
Lenders | date | date | interest rate (%) | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||
Borrowings | - | - | - | - | W | - | 375 | ||||
Debentures | Domestic debentures 306-2 | 2013.10.04 | 2020.10.04 | 3.50 | 169,930 | 349,875 | |||||
Foreign debentures | Global debentures 2 | 2010.10.28 | 2020.10.28 | 4.25 | 809,525 | - | |||||
W | 979,455 | 350,250 |
- Long-termborrowings excluding current portion, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | Issuance | Maturity | Annual | ||||||||
Lenders | date | date | interest rate (% ) | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||
Borrowings | - | - | - | - | W | - | - | ||||
Foreign borrowings | KOREA ENERGY AGENCY | 2007.12.27~ | 3 year | ||||||||
2008.12.29 | 2022.12.29 | Government bond | 1,181 | 1,141 | |||||||
Debentures | Domestic debentures 304-2 | 2011.11.28~ | 2021.05.03~ | ||||||||
and others | 2019.10.16 | 2029.10.16 | 1.56~4.12 | 2,504,194 | 1,177,704 | ||||||
Foreign debentures | Japan Yen private bond | 2011.04.14~ | 2021.04.14~ | ||||||||
and others | 2019.11.12 | 2024.07.25 | 2.38~5.25 | 2,686,162 | 2,265,263 | ||||||
W | 5,191,537 | 3,444,108 |
54
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
17. Other Payables
Other payables as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Current | ||||
Accounts payable | W | 630,162 | 590,424 | |
Accrued expenses | 432,835 | 434,379 | ||
Dividend payable | 2,296 | 2,764 | ||
Lease liabilities(*1) | 40,463 | 10,116 | ||
Withholdings | 7,247 | 35,050 | ||
W | 1,113,003 | 1,072,733 | ||
Non-current | ||||
Long-term accrued expenses | W | 842 | 10,964 | |
Lease liabilities(*1) | 216,508 | 131,646 | ||
Long-term withholdings | 5,452 | 1,733 | ||
W | 222,802 | 144,343 | ||
(*1) As of December 31, 2019, the Company recognized additional lease liabilities of W125,109 million upon initial application of K-IFRS No. 1116 "Leases".
18. Other Financial Liabilities
Other financial liabilities as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Current | ||||
Financial guarantee liabilities | W | 10,969 | 12,638 | |
Non-current | ||||
Derivative liabilities | W | 8,285 | 34,743 | |
Financial guarantee liabilities | 38,640 | 45,193 | ||
W | 46,925 | 79,936 | ||
55
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
19. Provisions
(a) Provisions as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||
Current | Non-current | Current | Non-current | ||||||
Provision for bonus payments(*1,2) | W | 14,020 | 35,816 | 9,786 | 26,963 | ||||
Provision for restoration(*3) | 6,783 | 15,942 | 9,379 | 20,324 | |||||
Provision for legal contingencies and claims(*4) | 204 | 2,184 | - | 46,432 | |||||
W | 21,007 | 53,942 | 19,165 | 93,719 | |||||
(*1) Represents the provision for bonuses limited to 33% ~ 67% of annual salaries for executives.
(*2) During the December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company measured the present value of the estimated future payments based on actuarial evaluations of the Long Term Service Awards in operation, and provisions were recognized at W29,299 million and W29,126 million, respectively.
(*3) Due to contamination of land near the Company's magnesium smelting plant located in Gangneung province and others, the Company recognized present values of estimated costs for recovery as provisions for restoration as of December 31, 2019. In order to determine the estimated costs, the Company has assumed that it would use all of technologies and materials available for now to recover the land. In addition, the Company has applied discount rates of 1.74%~1.84% to assess present value of these costs.
(*4) The Company has recognized provisions for certain litigations and other contingencies for the year ended December 31, 2019.
(b) Changes in provisions for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
1) For the year ended December 31, 2019
(in millions of Won) | Beginning | Increase | Reversal | Utilization | Transfer | Ending | ||||||||||
Provision for bonus payments | W | 36,749 | 23,523 | - | (18,038) | 7,602 | 49,836 | |||||||||
Provision for restoration | 29,703 | 549 | (277) | (7,250) | - | 22,725 | ||||||||||
Provision for legal contingencies and claims | 46,432 | 538 | (11,207) | (33,375) | - | 2,388 | ||||||||||
W | 112,884 | 24,610 | (11,484) | (58,663) | 7,602 | 74,949 | ||||||||||
2) For the year ended December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
(in millions of Won) | Beginning | Increase | Utilization | Ending | ||||||||||||
Provision for bonus payments | W | 5,893 | 45,827 | (14,971) | 36,749 | |||||||||||
Provision for restoration | 29,471 | 9,097 | (8,865) | 29,703 | ||||||||||||
Provision for legal contingencies and claims | 2,052 | 44,380 | - | 46,432 | ||||||||||||
W | 37,416 | 99,304 | (23,836) | 112,884 |
56
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
20. Employee Benefits
(a) Defined contribution plans
The expense related to post-employment benefit plans under defined contribution plans for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Expense related to post-employment benefit plans | ||||
under defined contribution plans | W | 33,598 | 31,324 |
(b) Defined benefit plans
- The amounts recognized in relation to net defined benefit liabilities in the statements of financial position as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Present value of funded obligations | W | 1,435,942 | 1,265,675 | |
Fair value of plan assets | (1,381,796) | (1,264,812) | ||
Net defined benefit liabilities | W | 54,146 | 863 |
57
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
-
Changes in present value of defined benefit obligations for the years ended December 31,
2019 and 2018 were as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | |||
Defined benefit obligation at the beginning of period | W | 1,265,675 | 1,108,876 | ||
Current service costs | 119,957 | 111,033 | |||
Interest costs | 31,567 | 33,757 | |||
Remeasurement : | 104,442 | 132,868 | |||
- Loss from change in financial assumptions | 72,730 | 113,977 | |||
- Loss from change in demographic assumptions | 94 | - | |||
- Loss from change in others | 31,618 | 18,891 | |||
Amount transferred from associate | - | 241 | |||
Business combination | 317 | - | |||
Reclassification to liabilitiess directly related to assets held | |||||
for sale | (1,448) | - | |||
Benefits paid | (84,568) | (121,100) | |||
Defined benefit obligation at the end of period | W | 1,435,942 | 1,265,675 |
- Changes in the fair value of plan assets for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Fair value of plan assets at the beginning of period | W | 1,264,812 | 1,108,833 | |
Interest on plan assets | 32,347 | 33,756 | ||
Remeasurement of plan assets | (6,668) | (13,416) | ||
Contributions to plan assets | 161,500 | 240,440 | ||
Business combination | 670 | - | ||
Reclassification to liabilitiess directly related to assets held | ||||
for sale | (1,448) | - | ||
Benefits paid | (69,417) | (104,801) | ||
Fair value of plan assets at the end of period | W | 1,381,796 | 1,264,812 |
The Company expects to make an estimated contribution of W150,000 million to the defined benefit plan assets in 2020.
4) The fair value of plan assets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | |||
Debt instruments | W | 755,228 | 511,406 | ||
Deposits | 626,282 | 748,230 | |||
Others | 286 | 5,176 | |||
W | 1,381,796 | 1,264,812 | |||
58
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
- The amounts recognized in the statements of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Current service costs | W | 119,957 | 111,033 | |
Net interest costs(*1) | (780) | 1 | ||
W | 119,177 | 111,034 |
(*1) The actual return on plan assets amounted to W25,679 million and W20,340 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
The above expenses by function were as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Cost of sales | W | 91,478 | 83,615 | |
Selling and administrative expenses | 26,855 | 26,367 | ||
Others | 844 | 1,052 | ||
W | 119,177 | 111,034 | ||
- Remeasurements of defined benefit plans, net of tax recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Beginning | W | (288,627) | (182,571) | |
Remeasurements of | ||||
defined benefit plans | (111,110) | (146,284) | ||
Tax effects | 30,556 | 40,228 | ||
Ending | W | (369,181) | (288,627) |
7) The principal actuarial assumptions as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
2019 | 2018 | ||
Discount rate | 2.10% | 2.60% | |
Expected future increases in salaries(*1) | 4.80% | 4.60% |
(*1) The expected future increases in salaries are based on the average salary increase rate for the past three years.
All assumptions are reviewed at the end of the reporting period. Additionally, the total estimated defined benefit obligation includes actuarial assumptions associated with the long-term characteristics of the defined benefit plan.
59
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
- Reasonably possible changes at the reporting date to one of the relevant actuarial assumption, holding the other assumptions constant, would have affected the defined benefit obligation by the amounts shown below:
(in millions of Won) | 1% Increase | 1% Decrease | ||||
Amount | Percentage (% ) | Amount | Percentage (% ) | |||
Discount rate | W | (102,014) | (7.1) | 120,255 | 8.4 | |
Expected future increases in salaries | 121,680 | 8.5 | (104,953) | (7.3) |
9) As of December 31, 2019 the maturity of the expected benefit payments are as follows:
Within | 1 year | 5 years | 10 years | After | ||||||||
(in millions of Won) | 1 year | - 5 years | - 10 years | - 20 years | 20 years | Total | ||||||
Benefits to be paid | W | 170,998 | 546,806 | 254,736 | 439,015 | 275,184 | 1,686,739 |
The maturity analysis of the defined benefit obligation were nominal amounts of defined benefit obligations using expected remaining period of service of employees.
21. Other Liabilities
Other liabilities as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Current | ||||
Advances received | W | 5,112 | 9,902 | |
Withholdings | 106,474 | 25,034 | ||
Unearned revenue | 23,562 | 19,870 | ||
W | ||||
135,148 | 54,806 | |||
Non-current | ||||
Unearned revenue | W | 5,230 | 15,264 |
60
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
22. Financial Instruments
- Classification and fair value of financial instruments
- The carrying amount and the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities by fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
① December 31, 2019
(in millions of Won) | Fair value | ||||||||||||
Book value | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||
Financial assets | |||||||||||||
Fair value through profit or loss | |||||||||||||
Derivate assets | W | 79,675 | - | 79,675 | - | 79,675 | |||||||
Short-term financial instruments | 6,258,292 | - | 6,258,292 | - | 6,258,292 | ||||||||
Debt securities | 8,050 | - | - | 8,050 | 8,050 | ||||||||
Other securities | 55,972 | - | - | 55,972 | 55,972 | ||||||||
Other receivables | 2,000 | - | - | 2,000 | 2,000 | ||||||||
Fair value through other comprehensive income | |||||||||||||
Equity securities | 1,128,641 | 762,198 | - | 366,443 | 1,128,641 | ||||||||
Debt securities | 1,686 | - | - | 1,686 | 1,686 | ||||||||
Financial assets measured at amortized cost(*1) | |||||||||||||
Cash and cash Equivalents | 978,139 | - | - | - | - | ||||||||
Trade accounts and notes receivable | 3,983,573 | - | - | - | - | ||||||||
Debt securities | 290,000 | - | - | - | - | ||||||||
Other receivables | 202,819 | - | - | - | - | ||||||||
Deposit instruments | 1,294,559 | - | - | - | - | ||||||||
W | 14,283,406 | 762,198 | 6,337,967 | 434,151 | 7,534,316 | ||||||||
Financial liabilities | |||||||||||||
Fair value through profit or loss | |||||||||||||
Derivative liabilities | W | 8,285 | - | 8,285 | - | 8,285 | |||||||
Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost(*1) | |||||||||||||
Trade accounts and notes payable | 667,551 | - | - | - | - | ||||||||
Borrowings | 6,338,012 | - | 6,525,464 | - | 6,525,464 | ||||||||
Financial guarantee liabilities | 49,609 | - | - | - | - | ||||||||
Others | 1,325,336 | - | - | - | - | ||||||||
W | 8,388,793 | - | 6,533,749 | - | 6,533,749 |
(*1) Fair value of financial assets and liabilities measured at amortized cost except borrowings approximates carrying amounts.
61
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
② December 31, 2018
(in millions of Won) | Fair value | |||||||||||||
Book value | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||
Financial assets | ||||||||||||||
Fair value through profit or loss | ||||||||||||||
Derivate assets | W | 1,265 | - | 1,265 | - | 1,265 | ||||||||
Short-term financial instruments | 5,776,407 | - | 5,776,407 | - | 5,776,407 | |||||||||
Debt securities | 8,050 | - | - | 8,050 | 8,050 | |||||||||
Other securities | 61,701 | - | - | 61,701 | 61,701 | |||||||||
Other receivables | 2,000 | - | - | 2,000 | 2,000 | |||||||||
Fair value through other comprehensive income | ||||||||||||||
Equity securities | 1,104,092 | 874,772 | - | 229,320 | 1,104,092 | |||||||||
Debt securities | 1,638 | - | - | 1,638 | 1,638 | |||||||||
Financial assets measured at amortized cost(*1) | ||||||||||||||
Cash and cash Equivalents | 259,219 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
Trade accounts and notes receivable | 3,967,091 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
Other receivables | 158,256 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
Deposit instruments | 1,248,747 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
12,588,466 | 874,772 | 5,777,672 | 302,709 | 6,955,153 | ||||||||||
Financial liabilities | ||||||||||||||
Fair value through profit or loss | ||||||||||||||
Derivative liabilities | W | 34,743 | - | 34,743 | - | 34,743 | ||||||||
Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost(*1) | ||||||||||||||
Trade accounts and notes payable | 1,106,226 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
Borrowings | 4,270,970 | - | 4,398,178 | - | 4,398,178 | |||||||||
Financial guarantee liabilities | 57,831 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
Others | 1,206,529 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
W | 6,676,299 | - | 4,432,921 | - | 4,432,921 |
(*1) Fair value of financial assets and liabilities measured at amortized cost except borrowings approximates carrying amounts.
-
Financial assets and financial liabilities classified as fair value hierarchy Level 2
Fair values of financial instruments are calculated based on the derivatives instrument valuation model such as market approach method and discounted cash flow method. Inputs of the financial instrument valuation model include interest rate, exchange rate, spot price of underlying assets, volatility and others. It may change depending on the type of derivatives and the nature of the underlying assets. - Financial assets and financial liabilities classified as fair value hierarchy Level 3
- Value measurement method and significant but not observable inputs for the financial assets classified as fair value hierarchy Level 3 as of December 31, 2019 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | Effect on fair value assessment | |||||||||
Fair value | Valuation technique | Inputs | Range of inputs | with unobservable input | ||||||
Financial assets | W | 292,453 | Discounted cash flows | Discount rate | 8.30% | As discount rate increases, fair value decreases | ||||
at fair value | 141,698 | Asset value approach | - | - | - | |||||
62
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
-
Sensitivity analysis of financial assets and financial liabilities classified as Level 3 of fair value hierarchy
If other inputs remain constant as of December 31, 2019 and one of the significant but not observable input is changed, the effect on fair value measurement is as follows:
(in millions of Won) | Favorable | Unfavorable | |||
Input variable | changes | changes | |||
Financial assets at fair value Fluctuation 0.5% of discount rate W | 18,589 | 17,010 |
- Changes in fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities classified as Level 3 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
(in millions of Won)
Beginning
Acquisition
Gain or loss on valuation of financial assets Other comprehensive income
Disposal and others Ending
2019 | 2018 | |||
W | 302,709 | 299,301 | ||
30,623 | - | |||
(3,677) | 2,257 | |||
109,460 | 37,598 | |||
(4,964) | (36,447) | |||
W | 434,151 | 302,709 |
63
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
- Financial liabilities were recognized in connection with financial guarantee contracts as of December 31, 2019. The details of the amount of guarantees provided are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | Guarantee limit | Guarantee amount | |||||||||
Foreign | Won | Foreign | Won | ||||||||
Guarantee beneficiary | Financial institution | currency | equivalent | currency | equivalent | ||||||
Subsidiaries | |||||||||||
POSCO Maharashtra | SCB | USD | 33,784,000 | 39,115 | 33,784,000 | 39,115 | |||||
Steel Private Limited | ING | USD | 50,000,000 | 57,890 | 50,000,000 | 57,890 | |||||
POSCO ASSAN TST | SMBC | USD | 62,527,500 | 72,394 | 56,274,750 | 65,155 | |||||
STEEL INDUSTRY | ING | USD | 60,000,000 | 69,468 | 54,000,000 | 62,521 | |||||
BNP | USD | 24,000,000 | 27,787 | 21,600,000 | 25,008 | ||||||
POSCO Asia Co., Ltd. | BOC | USD | 50,000,000 | 57,890 | 50,000,000 | 57,890 | |||||
Credit Agricole | USD | 50,000,000 | 57,890 | 50,000,000 | 57,890 | ||||||
POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V | CITI BANAMEX | USD | 30,000,000 | 34,734 | 30,000,000 | 34,734 | |||||
BOA | USD | 30,000,000 | 34,734 | 30,000,000 | 34,734 | ||||||
SMBC | USD | 20,000,000 | 23,156 | 20,000,000 | 23,156 | ||||||
MIZUHO | USD | 20,000,000 | 23,156 | 20,000,000 | 23,156 | ||||||
ANZ | USD | 20,000,000 | 23,156 | 20,000,000 | 23,156 | ||||||
POSCO SS VINA JOINT STOCK | ANZ | USD | 100,000,000 | 115,780 | 100,000,000 | 115,780 | |||||
COMPANY (Formerly, POSCO | HSBC | USD | 100,000,000 | 115,780 | 100,000,000 | 115,780 | |||||
SS VINA Co., Ltd.) (*1) | Credit Agricole | USD | 50,000,000 | 57,890 | 50,000,000 | 57,890 | |||||
SMBC | USD | 48,000,000 | 55,574 | 48,000,000 | 55,574 | ||||||
POSCO-VIETNAM Co., Ltd. | SMBC | USD | 50,000,000 | 57,890 | 50,000,000 | 57,890 | |||||
Credit Agricole | USD | 40,000,000 | 46,312 | 40,000,000 | 46,312 | ||||||
BTMU | USD | 26,000,000 | 30,103 | 26,000,000 | 30,103 | ||||||
Citi | USD | 20,000,000 | 23,156 | 20,000,000 | 23,156 | ||||||
MIZUHO | USD | 20,000,000 | 23,156 | 20,000,000 | 23,156 | ||||||
PT. KRAKATAU POSCO | Export-Import Bank of Korea | USD | 567,000,000 | 656,473 | 396,288,870 | 458,823 | |||||
SMBC | USD | 140,000,000 | 162,092 | 97,998,783 | 113,463 | ||||||
BTMU | USD | 119,000,000 | 137,778 | 81,954,783 | 94,887 | ||||||
MIZUHO | USD | 105,000,000 | 121,569 | 72,313,043 | 83,724 | ||||||
SCB | USD | 107,800,000 | 124,811 | 75,822,783 | 87,788 | ||||||
Credit Suisse AG | USD | 91,000,000 | 105,360 | 62,671,304 | 72,561 | ||||||
HSBC | USD | 91,000,000 | 105,360 | 62,671,304 | 72,561 | ||||||
ANZ | USD | 73,500,000 | 85,098 | 52,200,522 | 60,438 | ||||||
BOA | USD | 35,000,000 | 40,523 | 24,104,348 | 27,908 | ||||||
The Tokyo Star Bank, Ltd | USD | 21,000,000 | 24,314 | 14,462,609 | 16,745 | ||||||
POSCO COATED STEEL | |||||||||||
(THAILAND) CO., LTD. | The Great & Co. | THB | 5,501,000,000 | 212,669 | 5,501,000,000 | 212,669 | |||||
Associates | |||||||||||
Nickel Mining Company SAS | SMBC | EUR | 46,000,000 | 59,682 | 46,000,000 | 59,682 | |||||
LLP POSUK Titanium | SMBC | USD | 15,000,000 | 17,367 | 15,000,000 | 17,367 | |||||
Joint ventues | |||||||||||
CSP - Compania | Export-Import Bank of Korea | USD | 182,000,000 | 210,720 | 163,396,219 | 189,180 | |||||
Siderurgica do Pecem | Santander | USD | 47,600,000 | 55,111 | 42,033,882 | 48,667 | |||||
BNP | USD | 47,600,000 | 55,111 | 42,033,882 | 48,667 | ||||||
MIZUHO | USD | 47,600,000 | 55,111 | 42,033,882 | 48,667 | ||||||
Credit Agricole | USD | 20,000,000 | 23,156 | 17,661,302 | 20,448 | ||||||
SOCIETE GENERALE | USD | 20,000,000 | 23,156 | 17,661,302 | 20,448 | ||||||
KfW | USD | 20,000,000 | 23,156 | 17,661,302 | 20,448 | ||||||
BBVA Seoul | USD | 17,600,000 | 20,377 | 15,541,930 | 17,994 | ||||||
ING | USD | 17,600,000 | 20,377 | 15,541,930 | 17,994 | ||||||
BNDES | BRL | 464,060,000 | 133,672 | 464,060,000 | 133,672 | ||||||
USD | 2,689,611,500 | 3,114,031 | 2,218,712,730 | 2,568,824 | |||||||
EUR | 46,000,000 | 59,682 | 46,000,000 | 59,682 | |||||||
THB | 5,501,000,000 | 212,669 | 5,501,000,000 | 212,669 | |||||||
BRL | 464,060,000 | 133,672 | 464,060,000 | 133,672 |
(*1) During the December 31, 2019, POSCO SS VINA Co., Ltd. changed its name to
POSCO SS VINA JOINT STOCK COMPANY.
64
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
- Finance income and costs by category of financial instrument for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
- For the year ended December 31, 2019
(in millions of Won) | Finance income and costs | |||||||||||||||||
Other | ||||||||||||||||||
Interest income | Dividend | Gain and loss on | Gain and loss on | Gain and loss on | comprehensive | |||||||||||||
(expense) | income(*1) | foreign currency | disposal | valuation | Others | Total | income (loss) | |||||||||||
Financial assets at fair value | ||||||||||||||||||
through profit or loss | W | 131,743 | - | - | 760 | 83,610 | - | 216,113 | - | |||||||||
Financial assets at fair value | ||||||||||||||||||
through other comprehensive income | - | 60,264 | - | - | - | - | 60,264 | 14,955 | ||||||||||
Financial assets measured at | ||||||||||||||||||
amortized cost | 39,469 | - | 78,190 | - | - | - | 117,659 | - | ||||||||||
Financial liabilities at fair value | ||||||||||||||||||
through profit or loss | - | - | - | 805 | 26,459 | - | 27,264 | - | ||||||||||
Financial liabilities measured at | ||||||||||||||||||
amortized cost | (158,810) | - | (125,398) | - | - | 9,184 | (275,024) | - | ||||||||||
W | 12,402 | 60,264 | (47,208) | 1,565 | 110,069 | 9,184 | 146,276 | 14,955 |
(*1) Finance income in the statement of comprehensive income includes the dividends from subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures of W214,164 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.
- For the year ended December 31, 2018
(in millions of Won) | Finance income and costs | ||||||||||||||||
Interest income | Dividend | Gain and loss on | Gain and loss on | Gain and loss on | Other | ||||||||||||
comprehensive | |||||||||||||||||
(expense) | income(*1) | foreign currency | disposal | valuation | Others | Total | income (loss) | ||||||||||
Financial assets at fair value | |||||||||||||||||
through profit or loss | W | 131,903 | - | - | 1,199 | 3,522 | - | 136,624 | - | ||||||||
Financial assets at fair value | |||||||||||||||||
through other comprehensive income | - | 76,829 | - | - | - | - | 76,829 | (131,646) | |||||||||
Financial assets measured at | |||||||||||||||||
amortized cost | 27,769 | - | 12,660 | - | - | - | 40,429 | - | |||||||||
Financial liabilities at fair value | |||||||||||||||||
through profit or loss | - | - | - | 11,420 | 40,090 | - | 51,510 | - | |||||||||
Financial liabilities measured at | |||||||||||||||||
amortized cost | (143,233) | - | (129,124) | - | - | 7,860 | (264,497) | - | |||||||||
W | 16,439 | 76,829 | (116,464) | 12,619 | 43,612 | 7,860 | 40,895 | (131,646) |
(*1) Finance income in the statement of comprehensive income includes the dividends from subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures of W130,719 million for the year ended December 31, 2018.
65
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
- Credit risk
- Credit risk exposure
The carrying amount of financial assets represents the Company's maximum exposure to credit risk. The maximum exposure to credit risk as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents | W | 978,139 | 259,219 | |||
Derivative assets | 79,675 | 1,265 | ||||
Short-term financial instrument | 6,258,292 | 5,776,407 | ||||
Debt securities | 299,736 | 9,688 | ||||
Other securities | 55,972 | 61,701 | ||||
Other receivables | 204,819 | 160,256 | ||||
Trade accounts and notes receivable | 3,983,573 | 3,967,091 | ||||
Deposit instruments | 1,294,559 | 1,248,747 | ||||
W | 13,154,765 | 11,484,374 | ||||
The Company provided financial guarantee for the repayment of loans of subsidiaries, associates, and joint ventures. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the maximum exposure to credit risk caused by financial guarantee amounted to W2,974,847 million and W3,171,871million, respectively.
2) Impairment losses on financial assets
The Company assesses the expected credit loss on trade accounts and notes receivable, and other receivables by estimating the default rates based on the following three years of credit loss experience and overdue conditions. The Company assesses the credit loss individually for credit-impaired assets and some other receivables.
- Allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won)
Trade accounts and notes receivable Other accounts receivable
Loans
2019 | 2018 | ||
W | 13,965 | 22,575 | |
5,268 | 5,584 | ||
11,561 | 11,265 | ||
W | 30,794 | 39,424 | |
66
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
-
Impairment losses on financial assets for the years ended December 31, 2019 and
2018 were as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Bad debt expenses | W | (4,248) | 3,661 |
- The aging and allowance for doubtful accounts of trade accounts and notes receivable as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||
Trade accounts | Trade accounts | |||||||
and notes | Allowance for | and notes | Allowance for | |||||
receivable | doubtful accounts | receivable | doubtful accounts | |||||
Not due | W | 3,972,557 | 1,060 | 3,786,143 | 1,291 | |||
Over due less than 1 month | 3,326 | 40 | 186,676 | 4,607 | ||||
1 month - 3 months | 242 | - | 153 | 5 | ||||
3 months - 12 months | 22 | - | 791 | 23 | ||||
Over 12 months | 21,392 | 12,865 | 24,857 | 16,649 | ||||
W | 3,997,538 | 13,965 | 3,998,620 | 22,575 |
- The aging and allowance for doubtful accounts of loans and other account receivable as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||
Loans and other | Loans and other | |||||||
account | Allowance for | account | Allowance for | |||||
receivable | doubtful accounts | receivable | doubtful accounts | |||||
Not due | W | 158,950 | 8,611 | 140,271 | 8,327 | |||
Over due less than 1 month | 443 | - | 106 | - | ||||
1 month - 3 months | 4 | - | 163 | - | ||||
3 months - 12 months | 3,082 | - | 2,950 | 2,950 | ||||
Over 12 months | 8,357 | 8,218 | 5,635 | 5,572 | ||||
W | 170,836 | 16,829 | 149,125 | 16,849 |
- Changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31,
2019 and 2018 were as follows:
(in millions of Won)
Beginning
Initial application of K-IFRS No. 1109 Bad debt expenses
Others
Ending
2019 | 2018 | ||
W | 39,424 | 39,879 | |
- | 70 | ||
(4,248) | 3,661 | ||
(4,382) | (4,186) | ||
W | 30,794 | 39,424 | |
67
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
(c) Liquidity risk
Contractual maturities for non-derivative financial liabilities, including estimated interest, are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | Contractual | Within | 3 months | 6 months | 1 year | After | |||||||||
Book value | cash flow | 3 months | - 6 months | - 1 year | - 5 years | 5 years | |||||||||
Trade accounts and notes payable | W | 667,551 | 667,551 | 667,551 | - | - | - | - | |||||||
Borrowings | 6,338,012 | 6,896,826 | 201,496 | 62,461 | 1,079,216 | 5,160,835 | 392,818 | ||||||||
Financial guarantee liabilities(*1) | 49,609 | 2,974,847 | 2,974,847 | - | - | - | - | ||||||||
Lease liabilities | 256,971 | 295,144 | 12,652 | 12,409 | 23,581 | 161,989 | 84,513 | ||||||||
Others | 1,076,650 | 1,076,650 | 1,054,824 | - | 7,246 | 14,580 | - | ||||||||
W | 8,388,793 | 11,911,018 | 4,911,370 | 74,870 | 1,110,043 | 5,337,404 | 477,331 |
(*1) For issued financial guarantee contracts, the maximum amount of the guarantee is allocated to the earliest period in which the guarantee could be called.
(d) Currency risk
- The Company has exposure to the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of the changes in foreign exchange rates. The exposure to currency risk as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||
Assets | Liabilities | Assets | Liabilities | ||||||||
USD | W | 1,514,066 | 3,653,541 | 982,856 | 2,742,712 | ||||||
JPY | 54,371 | 173,559 | 18,809 | 170,291 | |||||||
CNY | 402,515 | 1,144 | 351,550 | 891 | |||||||
INR | 293,015 | - | 427,151 | - | |||||||
Others | 254,778 | 97,322 | 260,553 | 7,856 | |||||||
W | 2,518,745 | 3,925,566 | 2,040,919 | 2,921,750 |
- As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, provided that functional currency against foreign currencies other than functional currency hypothetically strengthens or weakens by 10%, the changes in gain or loss for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||
10% increase | 10% decrease | 10% increase | 10% decrease | |||||
USD | W | (213,948) | 213,948 | (175,986) | 175,986 | |||
JPY | (11,919) | 11,919 | (15,148) | 15,148 | ||||
CNY | 40,137 | (40,137) | 35,066 | (35,066) | ||||
INR | 29,302 | (29,302) | 42,715 | (42,715) |
68
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
- Interest rate risk
- The carrying amount of interest-bearing financial instruments as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||||
Fixed rate | 8,856,339 | 7,312,049 | ||||
Financial assets | W | |||||
Financial liabilities | (6,593,802) | (4,411,216) | ||||
W | 2,262,537 | 2,900,833 | ||||
Variable rate | ||||||
Financial liabilities | W | (1,181) | (1,516) |
2) Sensitivity analysis on the cash flows of financial instruments with variable interest rate
The Company's interest rate risk mainly arises from borrowings with variable interest rate. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, provided that other factors remain the same and the interest rate of borrowings with floating rates increases or decreases by 1%, the changes in interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||
1% increase | 1% decrease | 1% increase | 1% decrease | |||||
Variable rate | ||||||||
financial instruments | W | (12) | 12 | (15) | 15 |
69
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
23. Share Capital and Capital Surplus
(a) Share capital as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in Won, except per share information) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Authorized shares | 200,000,000 | 200,000,000 | ||
Par value | W | 5,000 | 5,000 | |
Issued shares(*1) | 87,186,835 | 87,186,835 | ||
Shared capital(*2) | W | 482,403,125,000 | 482,403,125,000 |
(*1) As of December 31, 2019, total shares of ADRs of 34,827,912 are equivalent to 8,706,978 of common stock.
(*2) As of December 31, 2019, the difference between the ending balance of common stock and the par value of issued common stock is W46,469 million due to retirement of 9,293,790 treasury stocks.
- The changes in issued common stock for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
(Share) | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||
Number of | Number of | |||||||||||
outstanding | outstanding | |||||||||||
Issued shares | Treasury shares | shares | Issued shares | Treasury shares | shares | |||||||
Beginning | 87,186,835 | (7,185,703) | 80,001,132 | 87,186,835 | (7,187,231) | 79,999,604 | ||||||
Disposal of treasury shares | - | 114,509 | 114,509 | - | 1,528 | 1,528 | ||||||
Ending | 87,186,835 | (7,071,194) | 80,115,641 | 87,186,835 | (7,185,703) | 80,001,132 |
(c) Capital surplus as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | |||
Share premium | W | 463,825 | 463,825 | ||
Gain on disposal of treasury shares | 796,623 | 784,047 | |||
Loss from merger | (6,441) | (91,310) | |||
Loss on disposal of hybrid bonds | (1,787) | (1,787) | |||
W | 1,252,220 | 1,154,775 | |||
70
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
24. Hybrid Bonds
(a) Hybrid bonds classified as equity as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | Date of | Date of | Rate of | ||||
issue | maturity | interest (% ) | 2019 | 2018 | |||
Hybrid bond 1-2(*1) | 2013-06-13 | 2043-06-13 | 4.60 | 200,000 | 200,000 | ||
Issuance cost | (616) | (616) | |||||
W | 199,384 | 199,384 |
(*1) Details of hybrid bonds as of December 31, 2019 are as follows:
Maturity date
Interest rate
Interest
payments condition
Others
Hybrid bond 1-2
30 years (The Company has a right to extend the maturity date)
Issue date ~ 2023-06-12 : 4.60% Reset every 10 years as follows;
· After 10 years : return on government bond (10 years) + 1.40%
· After 10 years | : additionally + 0.25% according to Step-up |
clauses | |
· After 30 years | : additionally + 0.75% |
Quarterly (Optional deferral of interest payment is available to the Company)
The Company can call the hybrid bond at year 10 and interest payment date afterwards
The hybrid bond holders' preference in the event of liquidation is higher than the common stock holders, but lower than other creditors. The interest accumulated but not paid on the hybrid bonds as of December 31, 2019 amounts to W479 million.
25. Reserves
(a) Reserves as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | |
Changes in fair value of equity investments | |||
at fair value through other comprehensive income W | (183,930) | (207,191) |
71
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
- Changes in fair value of equity investments at fair value through other comprehensive income and changes in unrealized fair value of available-for-sale investments for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Beginning balance | W | (207,191) | 233,390 | |
Initial appilcation of K-IFRS No. 1109 | - | (321,654) | ||
Changes in fair value of equity investments | 20,628 | (176,756) | ||
Reclassification to profit or loss upon disposal | 11,457 | 12,719 | ||
Tax effects | (8,824) | 45,110 | ||
Ending balance | W | (183,930) | (207,191) | |
26. Treasury Shares
Based on the Board of Director's resolution, the Company holds treasury shares for the business purposes including price stabilization. The changes in treasury shares for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
(shares, in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||
Number of | Number of | ||||||||||
shares | Amount | shares | Amount | ||||||||
Beginning | 7,185,703 | W | 1,532,728 | 7,187,231 | W | 1,533,054 | |||||
Disposal of treasury shares | (114,509) | (24,425) | (1,528) | (326) | |||||||
Ending | 7,071,194 | W | 1,508,303 | 7,185,703 | W | 1,532,728 | |||||
72
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
27. Retained Earnings
(a) Retained earnings as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are summarized as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Legal reserve | W | 241,202 | 241,202 | |
Reserve for business rationalization | 918,300 | 918,300 | ||
Reserve for research and manpower development | - | 136,667 | ||
Appropriated retained earnings for business expansion | 42,610,500 | 41,510,500 | ||
Appropriated retained earnings for dividends | 412,243 | 944,103 | ||
Unappropriated retained earnings | 1,190,166 | 1,424,687 | ||
W | 45,372,411 | 45,175,459 |
- Statements of appropriation of retained earnings as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Retained earnings before appropriation | ||||
Unappropriated retained earnings | ||||
carried over from prior year | W | 593,208 | 574,596 | |
Cumulative effect of accounting changes | - | 320,720 | ||
Remeasurements of defined benefit plans | (80,554) | (106,057) | ||
Loss on disposal of equity securities | (8,306) | (12,719) | ||
Interests of hybrid bonds | (9,200) | (24,443) | ||
Interim dividends | (480,694) | (400,003) | ||
(Dividends (ratio) per share | ||||
W6,000 (120%) in 2019 | ||||
W5,000 (100%) in 2018) | ||||
Profit for the period | 1,175,712 | 1,072,592 | ||
1,190,166 | 1,424,686 | |||
Transfer from discretionary reserve | ||||
Reserve for research and manpower development | - | 136,667 | ||
Appropriated retained earnings for dividends | 412,243 | 531,861 | ||
412,243 | 668,528 | |||
Appropriation of retained earnings | ||||
Dividends | 320,463 | 400,006 | ||
(Dividends (ratio) per share | ||||
W4,000 (80%) in 2019 | ||||
W5,000 (100%) in 2018) | ||||
Appropriated retained earnings | ||||
for business expansion | 700,000 | 1,100,000 | ||
1,020,463 | 1,500,006 | |||
Unappropriated retained earnings carried | ||||
forward to subsequent year | W | 581,946 | 593,208 | |
73
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
28. Revenue
- Details of revenue disaggregated by types of revenue and timing of revenue recognition for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | |||
Types of revenue | |||||
Sales of steel product | W | 29,359,408 | 29,676,951 | ||
Transportation services | 776,589 | 707,829 | |||
Others | 237,514 | 274,645 | |||
W | 30,373,511 | 30,659,425 | |||
Timing of revenue recognition | |||||
Revenue recognized at a point in time | W | 29,528,658 | 29,890,627 | ||
Revenue recognized over time | 844,853 | 768,798 | |||
W | 30,373,511 | 30,659,425 | |||
- Details of contract assets and liabilities from contracts with customers as of December 31,
2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Receivables | ||||
Account receivables | W | 3,983,573 | 3,967,091 | |
Contract assets | ||||
Account receivables | 9,482 | 8,954 | ||
Contract liabilities | ||||
Advance received | 5,112 | 9,902 | ||
Unearned income | 28,484 | 34,480 |
74
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
29. Selling and Administrative Expenses
-
Other administrative expenses
Other administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | |||
Wages and salaries | W | 227,203 | 237,356 | ||
Expenses related to post-employment benefits | 29,097 | 28,652 | |||
Other employee benefits | 55,536 | 56,563 | |||
Travel | 14,345 | 12,112 | |||
Depreciation | 26,011 | 17,804 | |||
Amortization | 36,833 | 30,527 | |||
Rental | 48,316 | 61,933 | |||
Repairs | 12,275 | 15,060 | |||
Advertising | 66,993 | 88,859 | |||
Research & development | 75,550 | 74,820 | |||
Service fees | 175,181 | 181,104 | |||
Supplies expenses | 3,654 | 3,207 | |||
Vehicles maintenance | 6,209 | 5,072 | |||
Industry association fee | 5,283 | 5,495 | |||
Training | 25,010 | 21,966 | |||
Conference | 5,576 | 5,866 | |||
Others | 38,068 | 34,767 | |||
W | 851,140 | 881,163 | |||
75
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
(b) Selling expenses
Selling expenses for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Freight and custody expenses | W | 133,400 | 123,652 | |
Operating expenses for distribution center | 8,276 | 9,715 | ||
Sales commissions | 85,171 | 85,044 | ||
Sales advertising | 1,258 | 4,738 | ||
Sales promotion | 4,451 | 5,430 | ||
Sample | 911 | 1,102 | ||
Sales insurance premium | 6,205 | 4,327 | ||
W | 239,672 | 234,008 | ||
30. Research and Development Expenditures Recognized as Expenses
Research and development expenditures recognized as expenses for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Selling and administrative expenses | W | 75,550 | 74,820 | |
Cost of sales | 383,338 | 410,350 | ||
W | 458,888 | 485,170 | ||
76
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
31. Finance Income and Costs
Details of finance income and costs for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | |||
Finance income | |||||
Interest income(*1) | W | 171,212 | 159,672 | ||
Dividend income | 274,428 | 207,548 | |||
Gain on foreign currency transactions | 270,379 | 174,569 | |||
Gain on foreign currency translations | 20,039 | 20,892 | |||
Gain on valuation of derivatives | 122,031 | 41,355 | |||
Gain on derivative transactions | 805 | 11,420 | |||
Others | 9,788 | 14,484 | |||
W | 868,682 | 629,940 | |||
Finance costs | |||||
Interest expenses | W | 158,810 | 143,233 | ||
Loss on foreign currency transactions | 221,079 | 220,149 | |||
Loss on foreign currency translations | 116,547 | 91,776 | |||
Loss on valuation of derivatives | 8,285 | - | |||
Others | 3,521 | 3,168 | |||
W | 508,242 | 458,326 | |||
(*1) Interest income calculated using the effective interest method for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were W39,469 million and W27,769 million, respectively.
77
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
32. Other Non-Operating Income and Expenses
Details of other non-operating income and expenses for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | |||
Other non-operating income | |||||
Gain on disposals of property, plant and equipment | W | 25,583 | 47,941 | ||
Gain on disposals of intangible assests | 1,013 | 99,378 | |||
Reversal of impairment loss on investment in | |||||
subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures | - | 56,420 | |||
Premium income | 964 | 11,960 | |||
Gain on disposals of assets held for sale | 30,262 | 13 | |||
Reversal of other provisions | 11,484 | - | |||
Gain on valuation of emission rights | 25,440 | - | |||
Gain on disposals of emission rights | 6,122 | - | |||
Others(*1,3) | 137,342 | 90,831 | |||
W | 238,210 | 306,543 | |||
Other non-operating expenses | |||||
Loss on disposals of property, plant and equipment | W | 114,874 | 120,570 | ||
Impairment loss on property, plant and equipment | 222,036 | 940,595 | |||
Impairment loss on investment in | |||||
subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures | 865,769 | 787,999 | |||
Donations | 41,202 | 42,016 | |||
Others(*2) | 109,593 | 164,379 | |||
W | 1,353,474 | 2,055,559 | |||
(*1) During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized W74,044 million of refund due to the result of request for judgement on value added tax related to imported LNG as non-operating income.
(*2) During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recognized W52,997 million of additional taxes imposed on value added tax related to imported LNG as non- operating expense.
(*3) During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recognized W50,306 million of tax refund without corporate tax due to the consequences of appeal to tax tribunal against tax investigation as non-operating income.
.
78
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
33. Expenses by Nature
Expenses that are recorded by nature as cost of sales, selling and administrative expenses and other non-operating expenses in the statements of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (excluding finance costs and income tax expenses):
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Changes in inventories(*1) | W | 139,584 | (295,619) | |
Raw materials and consumables used | 18,267,051 | 17,418,153 | ||
Employee benefits expenses(*3) | 1,768,081 | 1,819,797 | ||
Outsourced processing cost | 2,405,048 | 2,443,089 | ||
Depreciation(*2) | 2,160,124 | 2,111,870 | ||
Amortization | 77,190 | 69,101 | ||
Electricity and water expenses | 486,347 | 624,819 | ||
Service fees | 267,994 | 269,393 | ||
Rental | 72,043 | 83,842 | ||
Advertising | 66,993 | 88,859 | ||
Freight and custody expenses | 878,683 | 859,092 | ||
Sales commissions | 85,171 | 85,044 | ||
Loss on disposals of property, plant and equipment | 114,874 | 120,570 | ||
Impairment loss on property, plant and equipment | 222,036 | 940,595 | ||
Impairment loss on investments in | ||||
subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures | 865,769 | 787,999 | ||
Other expenses | 1,263,948 | 1,482,328 | ||
W | 29,140,936 | 28,908,932 | ||
(*1) Changes in inventories are the changes in products, semi-finished products and by- products.
(*2) Includes depreciation of investment property.
(*3) The details of employee benefits expenses for the years ended December 31, 2019 and
2018 were as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Wages and salaries | W | 1,613,344 | 1,675,814 | |
Expenses related to post-employment benefits | 154,737 | 143,983 | ||
W | 1,768,081 | 1,819,797 | ||
79
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
34. Income Taxes
(a) Income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | |||
Current income taxes(*1) | W | 617,114 | 1,170,211 | ||
Deferred income taxes | 10,881 | (94,224) | |||
Items credited directly to equity | 27,541 | 86,320 | |||
Income tax expense | W | 655,536 | 1,162,307 | ||
(*1) Refund (additional payment) of income taxes when filing a final corporation tax return credited (charged) directly to current income taxes.
-
The income taxes credited (charged) directly to equity for the years ended December 31,
2019 and 2018 were as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | |
Changes in fair value of equity investments | |||
at fair value through other comprehensive income(*1) W | (5,673) | 45,110 | |
Remeasurements of defined benefit plans(*1) | 30,556 | 40,228 | |
Gain on divided combination | 2,658 | - | |
Gain on disposal of treasury shares | - | (50) | |
Loss on disposal of hybrid bond | - | 678 | |
Unappropriated retained earnings | - | 354 | |
W | 27,541 | 86,320 | |
(*1) Those amounts were recognized in other comprehensive income.
80
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
-
The calculated income tax expense based on statutory rates compared to the actual amount of taxes recorded by the Company for the years ended December 31, 2019 and
2018 were as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | |||
Profit before income tax expense | W | 1,831,249 | 2,234,899 | ||
Income tax expense computed at statutory rate | 493,231 | 604,235 | |||
Adjustments: | |||||
Tax credit | (31,296) | (27,257) | |||
Additional Income tax expense for prior years | (15,320) | 31,999 | |||
(refund related to prior years) | |||||
Tax effect from tax audit | - | 91,028 | |||
Investment in subsidiaries, | |||||
associates and joint ventures | 237,764 | 233,891 | |||
Tax effect due to permanent differences | (28,843) | (14,129) | |||
Others(*1) | - | 242,540 | |||
162,305 | 558,072 | ||||
Income tax expense | W | 655,536 | 1,162,307 | ||
Effective tax rate (%) | 35.8% | 52.0% |
(*1) Includes the effect of undeductible impairment loss related to Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) facility for the year ended December 31, 2018.
81
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
- The movements in deferred tax assets (liabilities) for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||
December 31, | Increase | December 31, | December 31, | Increase | December 31, | |||||||||
2018 | (decrease) | 2019 | 2017 | (decrease) | 2018 | |||||||||
Deferred income tax due to | ||||||||||||||
temporary differences | ||||||||||||||
Reserve for special repairs | W | (11,387) | 373 | (11,014) | (11,778) | 391 | (11,387) | |||||||
Reserve for technology | ||||||||||||||
developments | - | - | - | (37,583) | 37,583 | - | ||||||||
PPE - Depreciation | (1,994) | 7,394 | 5,400 | (10,524) | 8,530 | (1,994) | ||||||||
Impairment loss(*1) | 214,713 | (86,625) | 128,088 | 334,186 | (119,473) | 214,713 | ||||||||
Prepaid expenses | 17,177 | (2,059) | 15,118 | 19,950 | (2,773) | 17,177 | ||||||||
PPE - Revaluation | (1,873,320) | 42,527 | (1,830,793) | (1,823,520) | (49,800) | (1,873,320) | ||||||||
Gain or loss on foreign | ||||||||||||||
currency translation | (24,630) | 35,401 | 10,771 | (29,227) | 4,597 | (24,630) | ||||||||
Defined benefit liabilities | (117,831) | (21,112) | (138,943) | (80,058) | (37,773) | (117,831) | ||||||||
Accrued revenue | (4,127) | (8,147) | (12,274) | (3,554) | (573) | (4,127) | ||||||||
Others(*1) | 419,290 | 2,381 | 421,671 | 358,094 | 61,196 | 419,290 | ||||||||
(1,382,109) | (29,867) | (1,411,976) | (1,284,014) | (98,095) | (1,382,109) | |||||||||
Deferred tax from deficit and tax credit | ||||||||||||||
Deficit carried over | 14,369 | (2,746) | 11,623 | 28,200 | (13,831) | 14,369 | ||||||||
Tax credit carry-forward | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||
14,369 | (2,746) | 11,623 | 28,200 | (13,831) | 14,369 | |||||||||
Deferred income taxes | ||||||||||||||
recognized directly to equity | ||||||||||||||
Net changes in fair value of equity investments | ||||||||||||||
at fair value through other comprehensive income(*1) | 78,590 | (8,824) | 69,766 | (87,332) | 165,922 | 78,590 | ||||||||
Remeasurements of defined | ||||||||||||||
benefit plans | 109,478 | 30,556 | 140,034 | 69,250 | 40,228 | 109,478 | ||||||||
188,068 | 21,732 | 209,800 | (18,082) | 206,150 | 188,068 | |||||||||
W | (1,179,672) | (10,881) | (1,190,553) | (1,273,896) | 94,224 | (1,179,672) |
(*1) These changes includes the cumulative impact of initial application of K-IFRS No. 1115 and K-IFRS No. 1109 for the year ended December 31, 2018.
82
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
(e) Deferred tax assets (liabilities) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||
Assets | Liabilities | Net | Assets | Liabilities | Net | ||||||||||
Deferred income tax due to | |||||||||||||||
temporary differences | |||||||||||||||
Reserve for special repairs | W | - | (11,014) | (11,014) | - | (11,387) | (11,387) | ||||||||
PPE - Depreciation | 17,946 | (12,546) | 5,400 | 19,114 | (21,108) | (1,994) | |||||||||
Impairment loss | 128,088 | - | 128,088 | 214,713 | - | 214,713 | |||||||||
Prepaid expenses | 15,118 | - | 15,118 | 17,177 | - | 17,177 | |||||||||
PPE - Revaluation | - | (1,830,793) | (1,830,793) | - | (1,873,320) | (1,873,320) | |||||||||
Gain or loss on foreign | |||||||||||||||
currency translation | 135,515 | (124,744) | 10,771 | 120,861 | (145,491) | (24,630) | |||||||||
Defined benefit liabilities | 227,229 | (366,172) | (138,943) | 229,983 | (347,814) | (117,831) | |||||||||
Accrued revenue | - | (12,274) | (12,274) | - | (4,127) | (4,127) | |||||||||
Others | 482,662 | (60,991) | 421,671 | 459,908 | (40,618) | 419,290 | |||||||||
1,006,558 | (2,418,534) | (1,411,976) | 1,061,756 | (2,443,865) | (1,382,109) | ||||||||||
Deferred tax from deficit and tax credit | |||||||||||||||
Deficit carried over | 11,623 | - | 11,623 | 14,369 | - | 14,369 | |||||||||
Deferred income taxes | |||||||||||||||
recognized directly to equity | |||||||||||||||
Net changes in fair value of equity investments | |||||||||||||||
at fair value through other comprehensive income | 158,817 | (89,051) | 69,766 | 167,795 | (89,205) | 78,590 | |||||||||
Remeasurements of defined | |||||||||||||||
benefit plans | 140,034 | - | 140,034 | 109,478 | - | 109,478 | |||||||||
298,851 | (89,051) | 209,800 | 277,273 | (89,205) | 188,068 | ||||||||||
W | 1,317,032 | (2,507,585) | (1,190,553) | 1,353,398 | (2,533,070) | (1,179,672) |
- The Company believes that its accruals for tax liabilities are adequate for all open tax years based on its assessment of many factors, including interpretations of tax law and prior year.
83
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
35. Earnings per Share
Basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
(in Won, except per share information) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Profit for the period | W | 1,175,712,402,299 | 1,072,591,562,885 | |
Interests of hybrid bonds, net of tax | (6,669,999,999) | (17,720,986,299) | ||
Weighted-average number | ||||
of common shares outstanding(*1) | 80,113,759 | 80,000,606 | ||
Basic and diluted earnings per share | W | 14,592 | 13,186 |
(*1) The weighted-average number of common shares used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows:
(in share) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Total number of common shares issued | 87,186,835 | 87,186,835 | ||
Weighted-average number | ||||
of treasury shares | (7,073,076) | (7,186,229) | ||
Weighted-average number | ||||
of common shares outstanding | 80,113,759 | 80,000,606 | ||
Since there were no potential shares of common stock which had dilutive effects as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, diluted earnings per share is equal to basic earnings per share.
84
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
36. Related Party Transactions
- Significant transactions with related companies for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
1) For the year ended December 31, 2019
(in millions of Won) | Sales and others(*1) | Purchase and others(*2) | ||||||||||||||||
Purchase of | Purchase of | Outsourced | ||||||||||||||||
Sales | Others | material | fixed assets | processing cost | Others | |||||||||||||
Subsidiaries(*3) | ||||||||||||||||||
POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD. W | 6,688 | 11,137 | 4,725 | 416,734 | 57 | 24,174 | ||||||||||||
POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd. | 468,070 | 2,014 | 95 | - | 20,298 | 724 | ||||||||||||
POSCO ICT(*4) | 2,924 | 4,994 | - | 344,977 | 34,638 | 181,128 | ||||||||||||
eNtoB Corporation | 15 | 60 | 304,846 | 64,845 | 126 | 25,754 | ||||||||||||
POSCO CHEMICAL CO., LTD | 389,731 | 35,592 | 522,493 | 17,549 | 315,530 | 4,561 | ||||||||||||
(Formerly, POSCO CHEMTECH) | ||||||||||||||||||
POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD. | 148,205 | 2,211 | 5,123 | 94 | - | 7,561 | ||||||||||||
POSCO INTERNATIONAL Corporation | 6,025,938 | 46,661 | 541,002 | - | 49,506 | 7,149 | ||||||||||||
(Formerly, POSCO DAEWOO Corporation) | ||||||||||||||||||
POSCO Thainox Public Company Limited | 265,374 | 13,795 | 10,037 | - | - | 3 | ||||||||||||
POSCO America Corporation | 300,598 | - | - | - | - | 2,994 | ||||||||||||
POSCO Canada Ltd. | 1,067 | 1,833 | 306,552 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
POSCO Asia Co., Ltd. | 1,781,841 | 1,352 | 390,056 | 1,338 | 1,574 | 7,561 | ||||||||||||
Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd. | 146,468 | - | - | - | - | 110 | ||||||||||||
POSCO JAPAN Co., Ltd. | 1,509,631 | 36 | 38,631 | 6,269 | - | 5,835 | ||||||||||||
POSCO-VIETNAM Co., Ltd. | 265,849 | 368 | - | - | - | 66 | ||||||||||||
POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V. | 303,924 | 159 | - | - | - | 809 | ||||||||||||
POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited | 644,652 | 311 | - | - | - | 800 | ||||||||||||
POSCO(Suzhou) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd. | 121,633 | 27 | 2,189 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
POSCO VST CO., LTD. | 299,307 | - | - | - | - | 114 | ||||||||||||
POSCO INTERNATIONAL SINGAPORE PTE LTD. | - | 154 | 694,600 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
Others | 964,532 | 20,679 | 134,296 | 34,444 | 246,184 | 169,849 | ||||||||||||
13,646,447 | 141,383 | 2,954,645 | 886,250 | 667,913 | 439,192 | |||||||||||||
Associates and joint ventures(*3) | ||||||||||||||||||
POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd. | 1,364 | 86 | 2,882 | 306,927 | 15,089 | 30,317 | ||||||||||||
SNNC | 5,527 | 4,100 | 588,276 | - | - | 9 | ||||||||||||
POSCO-SAMSUNG-Slovakia Processing Center | 65,688 | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
Roy Hill Holdings Pty Ltd | - | - | 1,237,168 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
Others | 16,084 | 112,390 | 76,427 | - | - | 85,167 | ||||||||||||
88,663 | 116,576 | 1,904,753 | 306,927 | 15,089 | 115,493 | |||||||||||||
W | 13,735,110 | 257,959 | 4,859,398 | 1,193,177 | 683,002 | 554,685 |
(*1) Sales and others are mainly consist of sales of steel products to subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures.
(*2) Purchases and others are mainly consist of subsidiaries' purchases of construction services and purchases of raw materials to manufacture steel products.
(*3) As of December 31, 2019, the Company provided guarantees to related parties (Note 38).
(*4) Others (purchase) mainly consist of service fees related to maintenance and repair of ERP System.
85
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
2) For the year ended December 31, 2018
(in millions of Won) | Sales and others | Purchase and others | |||||||||||||||||
Purchase of | Purchase of | Outsourced | |||||||||||||||||
Sales | Others | material | fixed assets | processing cost | Others | ||||||||||||||
Subsidiaries | 7,827 | 97 | - | 322,924 | 47 | 36,428 | |||||||||||||
POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD. W | |||||||||||||||||||
POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd. | 476,105 | 2,725 | - | - | 9,211 | 1,434 | |||||||||||||
POSCO ICT | 2,624 | 7,479 | - | 341,472 | 34,376 | 196,252 | |||||||||||||
eNtoB Corporation | 12 | 60 | 377,198 | 27,508 | 390 | 31,455 | |||||||||||||
POSCO CHEMICAL CO., LTD | 417,957 | 35,762 | 531,452 | 21,730 | 319,868 | 2,802 | |||||||||||||
(Formerly, POSCO CHEMTECH) | |||||||||||||||||||
POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD. | 206,638 | 1,445 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
POSCO INTERNATIONAL Corporation | 5,835,226 | 42,888 | 690,345 | - | 57,624 | 4,318 | |||||||||||||
(Formerly, POSCO DAEWOO Corporation) | |||||||||||||||||||
POSCO Thainox Public Company Limited | 299,450 | 5,335 | 10,115 | - | - | 71 | |||||||||||||
POSCO America Corporation | 336,366 | - | - | - | - | 2,486 | |||||||||||||
POSCO Canada Ltd. | - | 2,155 | 300,982 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
POSCO Asia Co., Ltd. | 1,857,665 | 253 | 536,280 | 650 | 2,449 | 6,524 | |||||||||||||
Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd. | 188,252 | 7 | - | - | - | 34 | |||||||||||||
POSCO JAPAN Co., Ltd. | 1,353,313 | 6 | 25,773 | 4,204 | - | 5,411 | |||||||||||||
POSCO VIETNAM CO., Ltd. | 273,573 | 156 | - | - | - | 8 | |||||||||||||
POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V. | 299,276 | 17 | - | - | - | 35 | |||||||||||||
POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited | 563,618 | 584 | - | - | - | 156 | |||||||||||||
POSCO(Suzhou) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd. | 196,095 | - | 2,616 | - | - | 5 | |||||||||||||
POSCO VST CO., LTD. | 289,072 | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
POSCO INTERNATIONAL SINGAPORE PTE LTD. | - | 154 | 267,545 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
Others | 869,050 | 43,944 | 189,259 | 31,787 | 264,060 | 140,869 | |||||||||||||
13,472,119 | 143,067 | 2,931,565 | 750,275 | 688,025 | 428,288 | ||||||||||||||
Associates and joint ventures | |||||||||||||||||||
POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd. | 10,904 | 240 | 3,166 | 215,023 | 24,192 | 10,257 | |||||||||||||
SNNC | 5,105 | 4,108 | 558,425 | - | - | 80 | |||||||||||||
POSCO-SAMSUNG-Slovakia Processing Center | 61,981 | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
Roy Hill Holdings Pty Ltd | - | - | 810,196 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
Others | 14,199 | 54,747 | 64,335 | - | - | 6 | |||||||||||||
92,189 | 59,095 | 1,436,122 | 215,023 | 24,192 | 10,343 | ||||||||||||||
W | 13,564,308 | 202,162 | 4,367,687 | 965,298 | 712,217 | 438,631 |
86
POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
- The related account balances of significant transactions with related companies as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
1) December 31, 2019
(in millions of Won) | Receivables | Payables | ||||||||||||||||
Trade accounts and | Trade accounts and | |||||||||||||||||
notes receivable | Others | Total | notes payable | Accounts payable | Others | Total | ||||||||||||
Subsidiaries | ||||||||||||||||||
POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD. W | 5,702 | 65 | 5,767 | - | 78,512 | 385 | 78,897 | |||||||||||
POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd. | 57,792 | - | 57,792 | - | 11 | 3,828 | 3,839 | |||||||||||
POSCO ICT | 225 | 1 | 226 | 1,147 | 129,424 | 42,844 | 173,415 | |||||||||||
eNtoB Corporation | - | - | - | 3,459 | 27,431 | - | 30,890 | |||||||||||
POSCO CHEMICAL CO., LTD | ||||||||||||||||||
(Formerly, POSCO CHEMTECH) | 35,102 | 3,578 | 38,680 | 17,839 | 52,710 | 19,369 | 89,918 | |||||||||||
POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD. | 1,876 | 4 | 1,880 | - | 3,229 | 14,912 | 18,141 | |||||||||||
POSCO INTERNATIONAL Corporation | ||||||||||||||||||
(Formerly, POSCO DAEWOO Corporation) | 633,073 | - | 633,073 | 345 | 2,218 | 3,839 | 6,402 | |||||||||||
POSCO Thainox Public Company Limited | 52,826 | 2 | 52,828 | 916 | - | - | 916 | |||||||||||
POSCO America Corporation | 8,448 | - | 8,448 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||
POSCO Asia Co., Ltd. | 508,962 | 748 | 509,710 | 12,784 | 171 | - | 12,955 | |||||||||||
Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd. | 29,842 | - | 29,842 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||
POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V. | 90,351 | 702 | 91,053 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||
POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited | 235,917 | 444 | 236,361 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||
Others(*1) | 470,734 | 33,851 | 504,585 | 14,397 | 40,233 | 87,652 | 142,282 | |||||||||||
2,130,850 | 39,395 | 2,170,245 | 50,887 | 333,939 | 172,829 | 557,655 | ||||||||||||
Associates and jointventures | ||||||||||||||||||
POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd. | 84 | 10 | 94 | 471 | 49,511 | - | 49,982 | |||||||||||
SNNC | 297 | 65 | 362 | 19,769 | - | - | 19,769 | |||||||||||
Roy Hill Holdings Pty Ltd | - | - | - | 93,383 | - | - | 93,383 | |||||||||||
Others | 942 | 706 | 1,648 | 3,447 | 586 | - | 4,033 | |||||||||||
1,323 | 781 | 2,104 | 117,070 | 50,097 | - | 167,167 | ||||||||||||
W | 2,132,173 | 40,176 | 2,172,349 | 167,957 | 384,036 | 172,829 | 724,822 |
(*1) During the December 31, 2018, the Company made loans of W2,950 million to Suncheon Eco Trans Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of the Company. As of December 31, 2019, corresponding amounts of those loans were recorded as allowance for doubtful accounts.
2) | December 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||
(in millions of Won) | Receivables | Payables | ||||||||||||||||
Trade accounts and | Trade accounts and | |||||||||||||||||
notes receivable | Others | Total | notes payable | Accounts payable | Others | Total | ||||||||||||
Subsidiaries | ||||||||||||||||||
POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD. W | 57 | 5,181 | 5,238 | - | 52,775 | 438 | 53,213 | |||||||||||
POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd. | 55,598 | 317 | 55,915 | - | 25 | 1,194 | 1,219 | |||||||||||
POSCO ICT | - | 229 | 229 | 1,572 | 112,960 | 8,717 | 123,249 | |||||||||||
eNtoB Corporation | - | - | - | 10,860 | 22,072 | 11 | 32,943 | |||||||||||
POSCO CHEMICAL CO., LTD | 40,258 | 3,883 | 44,141 | 19,911 | 58,725 | 19,012 | 97,648 | |||||||||||
(Formerly, POSCO CHEMTECH) | ||||||||||||||||||
POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD. | 22,163 | 1,700 | 23,863 | - | - | 1,425 | 1,425 | |||||||||||
POSCO INTERNATIONAL Corporation | ||||||||||||||||||
(Formerly, POSCO DAEWOO Corporation) | 437,554 | 1,056 | 438,610 | 161 | 1,881 | 5,304 | 7,346 | |||||||||||
POSCO Thainox Public Company Limited | 71,189 | - | 71,189 | 467 | 71 | - | 538 | |||||||||||
POSCO America Corporation | 14,338 | - | 14,338 | - | 221 | - | 221 | |||||||||||
POSCO Asia Co., Ltd. | 480,205 | 1,047 | 481,252 | 7,839 | - | - | 7,839 | |||||||||||
Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd. | 52,037 | - | 52,037 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||
POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V. | 101,179 | 218 | 101,397 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||
POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited | 390,413 | 1,428 | 391,841 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||
Others | 379,950 | 54,407 | 434,357 | 33,183 | 36,591 | 85,745 | 155,519 | |||||||||||
2,044,941 | 69,466 | 2,114,407 | 73,993 | 285,321 | 121,846 | 481,160 | ||||||||||||
Associates and jointventures | ||||||||||||||||||
POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd. | 249 | 10 | 259 | 3,275 | 34,803 | - | 38,078 | |||||||||||
SNNC | 541 | 61 | 602 | 22,188 | - | - | 22,188 | |||||||||||
Roy Hill Holdings Pty Ltd | - | - | - | 22,997 | - | - | 22,997 | |||||||||||
Others | 918 | 910 | 1,828 | 217 | 76 | - | 293 | |||||||||||
1,708 | 981 | 2,689 | 48,677 | 34,879 | - | 83,556 | ||||||||||||
W | 2,046,649 | 70,447 | 2,117,096 | 122,670 | 320,200 | 121,846 | 564,716 |
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POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
- For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, details of compensation to key management officers were as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | |||
Short-term benefits | W | 47,813 | 44,931 | ||
Long-term benefits | 5,952 | 6,485 | |||
Retirement benefits | 12,025 | 12,308 | |||
W | 65,790 | 63,724 | |||
Key management officers include directors (including non-standing directors), executive officials and fellow officials who have significant influence and responsibilities in the Company's business and operations.
37. Commitments and Contingencies
-
Contingent liabilities
Contingent liabilities may develop in a way not initially expected. Therefore, management continuously assesses contingent liabilities to determine whether an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits has become probable. If it becomes probable that an outflow of future economic benefits will be required for an item previously dealt with as a contingent liability, a provision is recognized in the financial statements of the period in which the change in probability occurs (except in the extremely rare circumstances where no reliable estimate can be made).
The management makes estimates and assumptions that affect disclosures of commitments and contingencies. All estimates and assumptions are based on the evaluation of current circumstances and appraisals with the supports of internal specialists or external consultants.
The management regularly analyzes current information about these matters and provides for probable contingent losses including the estimate of legal expense to resolve the matters. Internal and external lawyers are used for these assessments. In making the decision regarding the need for provisions, management considers whether the Company has an obligation as a result of a past event, whether it is probable that an outflow or cash or other resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and the ability to make a reliable estimate of the amount of obligation.
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POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
- Commitments
- The Company entered into long-term contracts to purchase iron ore, coal, nickel and others. The contracts of iron ore and coal generally have terms of more than three years and the contracts of nickel have terms of more than one year. These contracts provide for periodic price adjustments based on the market price. As of December 31, 2019, 102 million tons of iron ore and 11 million tons of coal remained to be purchased under such long-term contracts.
- The Company entered into an agreement with Tangguh Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Consortium in Indonesia to purchase 550 thousand tons of LNG annually for 20 years commencing in August 2005. The purchase price is subject to change, based on changes of the monthly standard oil price (JCC) and with a price ceiling.
- The Company entered into consecutive voyage charter (CVC) contract for the transportation of raw materials. As of December 31, 2019, there are 39 vessels under contract and the average remaining contract period is about 10 years.
- As of December 31, 2019, the Company entered into commitments with KOREA ENERGY AGENCY for long-term foreign currency borrowing, which is limited up to the amount of USD 4.12 million. The borrowing is related to the exploration of gas hydrates in Western Fergana-Chinabad. The repayment of the borrowing depends on the success of the project. The Company is not liable for the repayment of full or part of the money borrowed if the respective project fail. The Company has agreed to pay a certain portion of its profits under certain conditions, as defined by the borrowing agreements. As of December 31, 2019, the ending balance of the borrowing amounts to USD 1.02 million.
- The Company has provided a supplemental funding agreement, as the largest shareholder, as requested from the creditors, including Norddeutsche Landesbank, for seamless funding to the construction of new power plant by POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD.
- The Company provides a supplementary fund of up to W9.8 billion to the Company's subsidiary, Busan E&E Co,. Ltd., at the request of creditors such as the Korea Development Bank.
- As of December 31, 2019, the Company has provided three blank checks to KOREA ENERGY AGENCY as collateral for long-term foreign currency borrowings.
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POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
(d) Litigation in progress
The Company is involved in 25 lawsuits, claim for employee right aggregating to W39.2 billion as defendant as of December 31, 2019, which arise from the ordinary course of business. The Company has recognized provisions amounting to W2.1 billion for one of 25 lawsuits based on its reliable estimate of outflow of resources. However, the Company has not recognized any provisions for the other lawsuits and claims since the Company does not believe it has a present obligation as of December 31, 2019.
38. Statements of Cash Flows
-
Changes in operating assets and liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2019 and
2018 were as follows:
(in millions of Won) | 2019 | 2018 | ||
Trade accounts and notes receivable, net | W | 1,112 | (102,920) | |
Other accounts receivable | (91,374) | 14,700 | ||
Inventories | 274,674 | (745,730) | ||
Prepaid expenses | (2,389) | 1,710 | ||
Other current assets | (1,310) | 3,103 | ||
Long-term guarantee deposits | (594) | (22) | ||
Other non-current assets | 1,498 | 751 | ||
Trade accounts and notes payable | (457,490) | 84,883 | ||
Other accounts payable | 5,570 | 103,295 | ||
Accrued expenses | (18,025) | 46,550 | ||
Advances received | (1,594) | (2,210) | ||
Withholdings | 81,319 | (3,108) | ||
Unearned revenue | (5,592) | 4,270 | ||
Other current liabilities | (23,755) | 47,670 | ||
Derivative liabilities | - | (9,632) | ||
Payments of severance benefits | (84,568) | (121,100) | ||
Plan assets | (92,083) | (135,639) | ||
Other non-current liabilities | (23,440) | - | ||
W | (438,041) | (813,429) | ||
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POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
-
Changes in liabilities arising from financial activities for the years ended December 31,
2019 and 2018 were as follows:
- December 31, 2019
(in millions of Won) | Liabilities | ||||||||||
Long-term | Derivatives that | ||||||||||
Short-term | long-term | Dividend | Lease | financial | hedge long-term | ||||||
borrowings | borrowings | payable | liabilities | liabilities | borrowings | ||||||
Beginning | W | 476,612 | 3,794,358 | 2,764 | 141,761 | 10,985 | 33,478 | ||||
Changes from financing cash flows | (309,029) | 2,299,693 | (890,369) | (39,194) | 1,700 | 9,683 | |||||
The effect of changes in foreign exchange rates | (562) | 71,370 | - | 168 | - | - | |||||
Changes in fair values | - | - | - | - | - | (114,551) | |||||
Other changes: | - | ||||||||||
Decrease in retained earnings | - | - | 889,900 | - | - | - | |||||
Amortization of discount on debentures issued | - | 5,570 | - | - | - | - | |||||
Initial application of K-IFRS No.1116 | - | - | - | 128,610 | - | - | |||||
Increase in lease assets | - | - | - | 25,626 | - | - | |||||
Increase due to business combination | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |||||
Ending | W | 167,021 | 6,170,991 | 2,296 | 256,971 | 12,685 | (71,390) |
2) December 31, 2018
(in millions of Won) | Liabilities | ||||||||||
Long-term | Derivatives that | ||||||||||
Short-term | long-term | Dividend | Lease | financial | hedge long-term | ||||||
borrowings | borrowings | payable | liabilities | liabilities | borrowings | ||||||
Beginning | W | 383,976 | 3,517,248 | 4,671 | 71,503 | 14,874 | 84,466 | ||||
Changes from financing cash flows | 92,744 | 198,250 | (706,351) | (11,048) | (3,889) | - | |||||
The effect of changes in foreign exchange rates | (108) | 77,409 | - | 258 | - | - | |||||
Changes in fair values | - | - | - | - | - | (50,988) | |||||
Other changes: | - | - | |||||||||
Decrease in retained earnings | - | - | 704,444 | - | - | - | |||||
Amortization of discount on debentures issued | - | 1,451 | - | - | - | - | |||||
Increase in finance lease assets | - | - | - | 81,048 | - | - | |||||
Ending | W | 476,612 | 3,794,358 | 2,764 | 141,761 | 10,985 | 33,478 |
39. Business Combination
- The company merged with POSCO Processing & Service and Off-gas Power Station Business Sector of POSCO ENERGY CO., Ltd. for the year period ended December 31, 2019. The purpose of the business combination is to promote management efficiency and to enhance shareholder value based on synergy between businesses.
POSCO ENERGY CO., | |||
POSCO Processing & Ltd. Off-gas Power Station | |||
Service | Business Sector | ||
Decision date of Board of Directors | 2018-11-03 | 2019-04-12 | |
Acquisition date | 2019-01-01 | 2019-09-01 |
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POSCO
Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued
As of December 31, 2019
- Since the merger between the controlling company and its subsidiaries, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed through the merger are measured at book value in the consolidated financial statements of the Company. The difference between considerations transferred and the book value of net assets recognized is reflected in capital surplus.
(in millions of Won) | POSCO Processing & | POSCO ENERGY CO., Ltd. | ||
Off-gas Power Station | ||||
Service | ||||
Business Sector | ||||
Transfer price | ||||
Book value of existing ownership interest | 385,995 | - | ||
Treasury shares | 37,001 | - | ||
Cash | 36 | 1,156,953 | ||
W | 423,032 | 1,156,953 | ||
Identifiable assets, acquired liabilities | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 2,207 | - | ||
Trade accounts and note receivable | - | 37,779 | ||
Other financial assets | 39,670 | - | ||
Inventories | - | 6,585 | ||
Investment property | 41,220 | - | ||
Property, plant, equipment and intangible assets | - | 804,706 | ||
Investments in Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint ventures | 740,211 | - | ||
Other assets | 9,962 | 2,418 | ||
Trade accounts and note payable | - | (19,941) | ||
Other liabilites | (1,748) | (874) | ||
Total identifiable net assets | W | 831,522 | 830,673 | |
Capital surplus arising from business combination | ||||
Decrease in capital surplus | W | 408,490 | (326,280) |
40. Events after the Reporting Period
On January 17, 2020, the Company issued non-guaranteed senior dollar bonds (issued at USD 500 million and USD 440 million) and non-guaranteed senior euro bonds (issued at EUR 500 million). The maturity of the bonds is January 17, 2023, January 17, 2025, and January 17, 2024.
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Notice to Readers
This report is annexed in relation to the audit of the separate financial statements as of December 31, 2019 and the audit of internal accounting control system pursuant to Article 8- 7 of the Act on External Audit for Joint-stock Companies of the Republic of Korea.
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Independent Auditors' Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
English Translation of a Report Originally Issued in Korean
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of
POSCO:
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited POSCO's (the Company) internal control over financial reporting ("ICFR") as of December 31, 2019 based on the criteria established in the Conceptual Framework for Designing and Operating ICFR ("ICFR Design and Operation Framework") issued by the Operating Committee of Internal Control over Financial Reporting in the Republic of Korea (the "ICFR Committee").
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on ICFR Design and Operation Framework.
We also have audited, in accordance with Korean Standards on Auditing (KSAs), the separate financial statements of the Company, which comprise the separate statement of financial position as of December 31, 2019, the separate statements of comprehensive income , changes in equity and cash flows for the year then ended, and notes, comprising significant accounting policies and other explanatory information, and our report dated March 12, 2020 expressed an unmodified opinion on those separate financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with KSAs. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' Responsibilities for the Audit of the Internal Control over Financial Reporting section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the internal control over financial reporting in Republic of Korea, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The Company's management is responsible for designing, operating and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Report on Operating Status of Internal Control over Financial Reporting.
Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Auditors' Responsibilities for the Audit of the Internal Control over Financial Reporting Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with KSAs. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
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POSCO published this content on 12 March 2020 and is solely responsible for the information contained therein. Distributed by Public, unedited and unaltered, on 12 March 2020 14:58:06 UTC