As the Covid-19 pandemic kept more people at home, makers of household staples and snack foods reported strong sales.

Procter & Gamble Co., the maker of household staples from Tide detergent to Charmin toilet paper, posted its strongest annual sales gain since 2006 as the pandemic kept the world's consumers at home and vigilant about cleaning.

Kellogg Co. reaped gains amid heightened demand for a number of its products, which include Cheez-It snacks, cereals and Morningstar Farms meatless food. The company raised its financial forecast for the year.

Keurig Dr Pepper Inc. reported a second-quarter profit as consumer behavior during the pandemic led to higher sales.

Other food makers signaled trouble ahead.

Nestle SA said first-half net profit rose but it experienced slower growth in the majority of its core markets in the second quarter due to the pandemic.

Kraft Heinz Co., however, wrote down the value of Oscar Mayer, Maxwell House and several other of its well-known brands, reflecting the challenges for the food maker despite strong sales in recent months amid the pandemic.

The pandemic pummeled British banks as many companies struggled to reopen and individuals reduced spending and deferred payments on loans. The industry is also grappling with Brexit and the increasing likelihood of negative interest rates.

Lloyds Banking Group PLC, Barclays PLC and the U.K. unit of Banco Santander SA increased loan-loss charges in the three months ended June, compared with a year ago.

Lloyds, the U.K.'s largest retail bank, reported an unexpected swing to a pretax loss for the first half of 2020 and said its outlook remains highly uncertain.

Other earnings reported Thursday:

Airbus SE: The European plane maker swung to a net loss in its second quarter and said first-half commercial aircraft deliveries were halved compared with a year ago, due to the pandemic.

Anglo American PLC: The FTSE 100 multinational miner's net profit fell 75% for the first half of the year as coronavirus-induced restrictions hit production.

Anheuser-Busch InBev NV: The Budweiser brewer reported a sharp drop in second-quarter sales as beer consumption across much of the world fell. The company took a $2.5 billion write-down on its business in South Africa, where alcohol sales have been banned during the pandemic.

Assicurazioni Generali SpA: The Italian insurance giant's first-half net profit more than halved as coronavirus-related impairments and expenses, as well as costs to settle an arbitration, hit the results.

AstraZeneca PLC: The British pharmaceutical company, one of the companies in the race to develop a coronavirus vaccine, posted second-quarter core earnings and revenue ahead of analysts' expectations thanks to its push into oncology, which drove sales higher and offset the reversal of medicine stockpiling prompted by the pandemic in the previous quarter.

Cigna Corp.: The U.S. health-care company booked higher profit and revenue for the second quarter, reflecting lower medical costs from deferred care due to the pandemic.

Comcast Corp.: The U.S. company's second-quarter revenue fell 12% as the impact of the coronavirus on its advertising-dependent businesses more than offset the cable giant's continued success in signing up more broadband customers.

Credit Suisse Group AG: Switzerland's second-largest bank beat expectations in the second quarter and presented some strategic changes, including the creation of a global investment bank. Net profit for the period rose 24% but provisions against potential losses from borrowers also climbed, reaching 296 million Swiss francs compared with CHF25 million a year ago.

Danone SA: The French food company reported a slight fall in first-half net profit as the coronavirus hurt revenue and said it expects results to improve although uncertainty persists for the second half.

ENI SpA: The Italian energy giant reported a swing to a first-half net loss as trading was hurt by the pandemic, oil-production volatility and low demand but said it expects gradual recovery to occur during the second half.

Grubhub Inc.: The U.S. delivery service is benefiting from delivery ordering during the pandemic but not profiting from it.

Hermes International SCA: The French luxury-good company's net profit and revenue fell in the first half of the year as many of its stores were forced to close and production sites ground to a halt due to the pandemic.

Hongkong Land Holdings Ltd.: The property developer said its underlying profit fell 24%, reflecting a reduced contribution from investment properties as a result of pandemic-related rent relief.

Intercontinental Exchange Inc.: The parent of the New York Stock Exchange said its profit and sales rose for the second quarter as it earned more from transactions amid the pandemic.

Jadestone Energy Inc.: The Asia-focused oil-and-gas company said its first-half revenue dropped as the pandemic drove down oil prices.

Japfa Ltd.: The Southeast Asia-focused agri-food company said its first-half profit soared as strong performances in its dairy and Vietnam animal protein businesses helped offset a drop in consumer spending due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Jardine Matheson Holdings Ltd.: The Asia-based group -- which has a broad portfolio of market-leading businesses -- swung to a net loss for the first half of 2020 and said trading conditions for the second half are expected to remain challenging due to the pandemic.

Komatsu Ltd.: The Japanese construction-machinery maker's first-quarter net profit fell 66% owing to sharp declines in sales in Asia, Europe and North America as a result of the pandemic.

LG Electronics Inc.: The South Korean company's second-quarter net profit fell 38% due to sluggish demand for consumer-electronics and home-appliance goods amid the pandemic.

Macquarie Group Ltd.: One of Australia's biggest banks said trading conditions were mixed in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 and it couldn't provide annual earnings guidance because of uncertainty stemming from the pandemic.

Mastercard Inc.: The U.S. credit-card company's revenue in the second quarter tumbled nearly 20% as the pandemic continued to weigh on business.

Northrop Grumman Corp.: The defense contractor company said its profit grew for the second quarter as it booked gains in space, aeronautics and mission systems sales, partially offset by a slowdown in production of certain aircraft due to Covid-19.

Renault SA: The French auto company posted a net loss of 7.29 billion euros ($8.57 billion) for the first half of the year as it reeled from the effects of the pandemic as well as the woes of its alliance partner Nissan Motor Co.

Royal Dutch Shell PLC: The Anglo-Dutch company swung to its first quarterly loss since the third quarter of 2015 and warned that the outlook for oil-and-gas demand remains uncertain, illustrating the scale of damage Covid-19 is wreaking on the industry.

Samsung Electronics Co.: The smartphone and memory-chip maker reported a boost in its second-quarter net profits, aided by a one-time gain in its display business and the continuing coronavirus-fueled bump in memory chip demand.

Standard Chartered PLC: The Asia-focused lender's second-quarter pretax underlying profit slumped 40%, as credit impairments continued to surge amid the prolonged pandemic.

United Parcel Service Inc.: The U.S. delivery company rode a pandemic-fueled surge in e-commerce to higher profits and a 13% jump in revenue during the June quarter, and its new boss said UPS has room to raise rates on retailers relying on its network.

Volkswagen AG: The German car maker swung to a pretax loss in the first half of the year as sales fell 23% during the pandemic. Volkswagen also said there were signs a recovery was under way in markets from Western Europe to the U.S.

Yum! Brands: The parent company of KFC, Pizza Hut and Taco Bell reported a 12% decline in world-wide system sales in the latest quarter from a year earlier as the company contends with the effects of the pandemic.

Write to Rose Manzo at rose.manzo@wsj.com

Corrections & Amplifications

This item was corrected at 3:23 p.m. ET to show that Shell last reported a loss in the third quarter of 2015. An earlier version incorrectly said it hadn't reported a loss since the company was unified in 2005.