PPD, INC. You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 , as superseded by, and solely to the extent set forth in, our first Current Report on Form 8-K filed onMay 21, 2020 (the "May 2020 Form 8-K"). This discussion may contain forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including the impact from the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors set forth in other sections of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 . For important information regarding these forward-looking statements, please see "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements." Company Overview We are a leading provider of drug development services to the biopharmaceutical industry, focused on helping our customers bring their new medicines to patients around the world. We have been in the drug development business for more than 30 years, providing a comprehensive suite of clinical development and laboratory services to pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical device, government organizations and other industry participants. We have deep experience across a broad range of rapidly growing areas of drug development and engage with customers through a variety of commercial models, including both full-service and functional service partnerships and other offerings tailored to address the specific needs of our customers. Our company is currently organized and managed around two reportable segments,Clinical Development Services and Laboratory Services. See Part I, Item 1, "Business," in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 , as superseded by, and only to the extent set forth in ourMay 2020 Form 8-K, for additional information on our Clinical Development Services and Laboratory Services segments. Our purpose and mission are to improve health by helping our customers deliver life-changing therapies. We pursue our purpose and mission through our clinical development and laboratory services and our strategy to bend the cost and time curve of drug development and optimize value for our customers. Our customers benefit from accelerated time to market because it results in lengthened periods of market exclusivity, and our real-world evidence solutions support the superior efficacy and value of their novel therapies. We believe our medical, scientific and drug development expertise, along with our innovative technologies and knowledge of global regulatory requirements, help our customers accelerate the development of safe and effective therapeutics and maximize returns on their research and development ("R&D") investments. Initial Public Offering OnFebruary 6, 2020 , our common stock began trading on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol "PPD." OnFebruary 10, 2020 , we completed our initial public offering ("IPO") of our common stock at a price to the public of$27.00 per share. We issued and sold 69.0 million shares of common stock in the IPO, including 9.0 million shares of common stock issued pursuant to the full exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares. We raised net proceeds of$1,773.0 million through the IPO, after deducting underwriting discounts and other offering expenses totaling$90.0 million . We used a portion of the net proceeds from the IPO to (i) redeem$550.0 million in aggregate principal amount of unsecured 7.625%/8.375% Senior PIK Toggle Notes (the "Initial HoldCo Notes"), plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon and$5.5 million of redemption premium and (ii) redeem$900.0 million in aggregate principal amount of unsecured 7.75%/8.50% Senior PIK Toggle Notes (the "Additional HoldCo Notes" and, together with the Initial HoldCo Notes, the "HoldCo Notes"), plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon and$9.0 million of redemption premium. The redemption of the HoldCo Notes resulted in a total loss on extinguishment of debt of$50.1 million . Issuance of New Notes and Redemption of OpCo Notes OnJune 5, 2020 , we issued$1,200.0 million of unsecured senior notes consisting of (i)$500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.625% senior notes due 2025 (the "2025 Notes") and (ii)$700.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.0% senior notes due 2028 (the "2028 Notes" and, together with the 2025 Notes, the "New Notes"). We used the proceeds from the issuance of the New Notes to redeem$1,125.0 million in aggregate principal amount of unsecured 6.375% senior notes (the "OpCo Notes"), plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon and a$35.9 million redemption premium. The redemption of the OpCo Notes resulted in a total loss on extinguishment of debt of$43.5 million . 31
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Recent Developments - COVID-19 InMarch 2020 , theWorld Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic that has resulted in travel and business disruption and volatile conditions in the capital and credit markets and overall economy. Globally, governments have implemented travel bans, stay at home or total lock-down mandates and other social distancing measures to combat the spread of COVID-19. In response to the global pandemic, we have created a pandemic response committee of company leaders, including our chief medical officer, to help manage our response to the pandemic focused on (i) the health and safety of our employees and patients and (ii) business continuity, preserving the integrity of the work we do for our customers, including support for vaccines and anti-viral therapies for COVID-19. To implement social distancing measures and maximize work productivity, we have limited personnel in our facilities, with remote-capable employees throughout our company working remotely. We have also significantly limited domestic and international travel of our employees. To date, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our business across both our Clinical Development Services and Laboratory Services segments. The impacts include the ability of our employees to visit hospitals and other clinical research sites to conduct monitoring and other critical site visits and patient recruitment and enrollment activities as part of services offered within our Clinical Development Services segment, as well as a temporary shutdown of our Phase I clinics beginning inMarch 2020 . Furthermore, we have had customers delay new studies and/or pause ongoing studies or certain activities thereof, such as patient recruitment, patient enrollment, site visits and site monitoring, impacting our Clinical Development Services segment. Additionally, at the onset of the pandemic, our Laboratory Services segment experienced limited reductions in central lab services due to delays in clinical trial activity that impacted sample volumes. During the second quarter of 2020, as travel restrictions were lifted and phased reopenings began in jurisdictions in which we operate, we began to reopen a limited number of our offices and also allow business-critical travel to occur, including employee visits to hospitals and other clinical research sites, as well as the activation of new sites. We also began a phased reopening of all of our Phase I clinics. Due to safety measures we implemented shortly following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, our laboratory facilities have continued to operate at near full capacity during the pandemic. While we saw improvements over the course of the second quarter of 2020 in relation to fewer customers delaying new or ongoing studies, steady improvements in site-based activities and the return of pre-pandemic testing volumes at our central labs, these delays have impacted and will continue to impact the timing and extent to which backlog has and will convert to revenue. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have taken measures to mitigate the impact of the aforementioned factors across both of our segments. Such mitigation activities include, but are not limited to, (i) winning new awards for services to help our customers treat or combat the spread of COVID-19 with anti-viral therapies and vaccines, which includes more than 85 COVID-19 related awards to date across both of our segments, (ii) the continued adoption of digital and virtual strategies and (iii) cost reduction strategies, including reducing travel and related expenses, limiting increases in employee headcount in certain non-billable areas, voluntary and limited temporary involuntary employee furloughs and reduced working hours. We may also implement other cost mitigation or reduction measures in the future depending on the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting impacts to our business. We do not yet know nor can we predict the full extent of the impact the COVID-19 pandemic will have on our business, financial condition, results of operations or the global economy as a whole, as the ultimate impact of the pandemic is highly uncertain and subject to change. While the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our business and results of operations, we have been able to partially offset the financial impact due to the mitigation activities discussed above. However, the operational and financial impacts from COVID-19 could significantly increase in the future due to the magnitude, continued duration, geographic reach, ongoing impact on the global economy and capital and credit markets, and current travel and other restrictions relating to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, we might not be able to mitigate future impacts as we have done to date. Furthermore, federal, state and local governments have implemented economic and other stimulus measures to support individuals and businesses impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and while we have utilized such measures where applicable, there can be no assurance that such measures will benefit us or otherwise offset any or all of the financial impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic. To date, such measures have not been material to our results of operations. If the pandemic continues for an extended period or worsens, such as the recent increase in COVID-19 cases inthe United States or a second global wave, and/or governments' actions to contain the spread of COVID-19 are ineffective, these factors could result in a material negative impact on our business, growth, reputation, prospects, financial condition, results of operations (including components of our financial results), cash flows and liquidity. Such impacts could include, but are not limited to, additional customer delays or cancellations of awarded services, reductions in R&D drug development pipelines which could result in lower growth to our industry, additional costs related to restructuring activities, non-cash impairments of goodwill and other long-lived assets, decreases in the value of our investments, loss of hedge accounting and restrictions on our ability to obtain additional financing, if needed, or refinancing of our senior secured credit facilities. 32
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We are closely monitoring the changing landscape with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic and taking actions to manage our business and support our employees, patients and customers. We will continue to evaluate the nature and extent of the impact to our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. For further discussion of the risks related to our business and the COVID-19 pandemic, see Part II, Item 1A, "Risk Factors," included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Sources of Revenue Revenue is comprised of direct, third-party pass-through and out-of-pocket revenue from providing services to our customers. Direct revenue represents revenue associated with the direct services provided under our contracts. Third-party pass-through and out-of-pocket revenue (collectively, "indirect revenue") represents the reimbursement by customers of third-party pass-through and out-of-pocket costs incurred by us under our contracts. We record the reimbursement of indirect revenue and the related costs incurred as revenue and reimbursed costs on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. These reimbursed costs are included as revenue as we (i) are the principal in the relationship, (ii) are primarily responsible for the services provided by third parties and (iii) significantly integrate the services of the third parties with our own services in delivering a combined output to the customer. We assess our revenue based on our primary businesses, Clinical Development Services and Laboratory Services. Our Clinical Development Services segment represented 80.6% and 83.6% of revenue for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and 80.9% and 83.8% of revenue for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, with the remainder generated from our Laboratory Services segment. We have a diverse customer mix, with one customer accounting for approximately 11% of our revenue for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 and no one customer accounting for more than 10% of our revenue for the three months endedJune 30, 2019 or the six months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019. Our top 10 customers accounted for approximately 53.6% and 45.2% of our revenue for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and 51.1% and 46.2% for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Based on the diversity of our customer base, we do not believe we have significant customer concentration risk. We do not have any significant product revenues. Operating Costs and Expenses Our operating costs and expenses primarily consist of direct costs, reimbursed costs, selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses and depreciation and amortization. Direct Costs Direct costs represent costs for providing services to customers. Direct costs primarily include labor-related costs, such as compensation and benefits for employees providing services, an allocation of facility and information technology costs, supply costs, costs for certain media-related services for patient recruitment, stock-based compensation expense, other overhead costs and offsetting R&D incentive credits. Direct costs typically increase or decrease with changes in revenue and may fluctuate significantly from period to period as a percentage of revenue due to staff labor utilization, project labor mix, the type of services, changes to the timing of work performed and project inefficiencies, among other factors. Reimbursed Costs Reimbursed costs include third-party pass-through and out-of-pocket costs which are generally reimbursable by our customers at cost. Third-party pass-through and out-of-pocket costs include, but are not limited to, payments to investigators, payments for the use of third-party technology, shipping costs and travel costs related to the performance of services, among others. Third-party pass-through and out-of-pocket costs are incurred across both of our reportable segments. Because services associated with reimbursed costs are generally provided by us without profit or mark-up and fluctuate from period to period without being important to our underlying performance over the full term of a contract, these costs do not have a significant impact on our income from operations. While fluctuations from period to period are not meaningful over the full term of a contract, actual and estimated reimbursed costs can impact revenue recognized, consolidated income from operations and segment operating income throughout the duration of a contract. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses SG&A expenses represent costs of business development, administrative and support functions. SG&A expenses primarily include compensation and benefits for employees, costs related to employees performing administrative tasks, stock-based compensation expense, sales, marketing and promotional expenses, employee recruiting and relocation expenses, employee training costs, travel costs, an allocation of facility and information technology costs and other overhead costs. 33
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Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization represents the costs charged for our property and
equipment and intangible assets. We record depreciation and amortization on
property and equipment using the straight-line method, based on the estimated
useful lives of the respective assets. We depreciate leasehold improvements over
the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the improvements.
We amortize software developed or obtained for internal use over the estimated
useful life of the software or term of the licensing agreement. Amortization
expense primarily comes from acquired definite-lived intangible assets. We
amortize definite-lived intangible assets using either the straight-line method
or sum-of-the-years digits method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.
How We Assess the Performance of Our Business
We manage and assess our business based on segment performance and allocate
resources utilizing segment revenues and segment operating income. We also
assess the performance of our reported consolidated business using a number of
metrics including backlog and net authorizations. Historically, we have assessed
backlog and net authorizations on a basis which excluded indirect revenues and
the impact of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 606, Revenue from
Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606") on direct revenue ("Historical Basis").
Starting in the first quarter of 2020, we began to assess backlog and net
authorizations on an ASC 606 total direct and indirect revenue basis ("Backlog
and Net Authorizations - ASC 606 Basis"). Our discussion of backlog and net
authorizations below is applicable to both of the aforementioned backlog and net
authorization metrics.
Our backlog represents anticipated revenue for work not yet completed or
performed (i) under signed contracts, letters of intent and, in some cases,
awards that are supported by other forms of written communication and (ii) where
there is sufficient or reasonable certainty about the customer's ability and
intent to fund and commence the services within six months. Backlog and backlog
conversion (defined as quarterly revenue for the period divided by opening
backlog for that period) vary from period to period depending upon new
authorizations, contract modifications, cancellations and the amount of revenue
recognized under existing contracts. We adjust backlog for foreign currency
fluctuations and exclude from backlog revenue that has been recognized as
revenue in our statements of operations.
Although an increase in backlog will generally result in an increase in future
revenue to be recognized over time (depending on future contract modifications,
contract cancellations and other adjustments), an increase in backlog at a
particular point in time does not necessarily correspond to an increase in
revenue during a particular period. The timing and extent to which backlog will
result in revenue depends on many factors, including the timing of commencement
of work, the rate at which we perform services, scope changes, cancellations,
delays, receipt of regulatory approvals and the nature, duration, size,
complexity and phase of the studies. Our contracts generally have terms ranging
from several months to several years. In addition, delayed projects remain in
backlog unless they are canceled.
As noted elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, due to the COVID-19
pandemic, we have had customers delay new studies and/or pause ongoing studies
or certain activities thereof, such as patient recruitment, patient enrollment,
site visits and site monitoring. These delays have impacted and will continue to
impact the timing and extent to which backlog has and will convert to revenue.
We have not adjusted backlog to remove the backlog associated with these studies
as our customers for these studies have not canceled or notified us of their
intent to cancel these studies and because we cannot estimate the length of
delay. As a result of these and other factors, our backlog might not be a
reliable indicator of future revenue and we might not realize all or any part of
the revenue from the authorizations in backlog as of any point in time. Once
work begins, we recognize revenue over the life of the contract as we perform
services under such contract. We have included new business awards associated
with COVID-19 in our net authorizations and backlog.
We add new authorizations to backlog based on the aforementioned criteria for
backlog. Net authorizations represent new business awards, net of award or
contract modifications, contract cancellations, foreign currency fluctuations
and other adjustments. New authorizations vary from period to period depending
on numerous factors, including customer authorization volume, sales performance
and overall health of the biopharmaceutical industry, among others. New
authorizations have varied and will continue to vary significantly from quarter
to quarter and from year to year. In addition to net authorizations, we also
assess net book-to-bill, which represents the amount of net authorizations for
the period divided by revenue recognized in that period.
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Backlog and Net Authorizations
The following table provides selected information related to our backlog and net
authorizations as of and for the three months ended
Historical Basis ASC 606 Basis
(dollars in millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Net authorizations $ 1,052.2 $ 936.4 $ 1,580.2 $ 1,256.2
Backlog 7,581.3 6,692.0 11,189.4 9,758.9
Backlog conversion 10.7 % 11.9 % 9.5 % 10.5 %
Net book-to-bill 1.34x 1.20x 1.56x 1.26x
The increase in net authorizations and backlog in 2020 for the metrics above as
compared to the same period in the prior year was primarily due to a higher win
rate on competitive decisions (which represents the total dollar amount of new
business on which we bid), new business awards related to the COVID-19 pandemic
and favorable net foreign currency fluctuations, partially offset by
cancellations.
Acquisitions
On September 3, 2019 , we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity of
Synarc, Inc. ("Synarc"), the global site network of Bioclinica, Inc. , expanding
our global footprint into China and Latin America and expanding our central
nervous system offering in the United States . Additionally, on July 1, 2019 , we
acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity of Medimix International
("Medimix"), a global technology company that provides real-world evidence
insights and information to the pharmaceutical, diagnostic and medical device
industries. See Note 4, "Business Combinations," to our condensed consolidated
financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for additional information.
Incremental Public Company Expenses
As a new public company, we have and will incur additional expenses on an
ongoing basis that we did not incur as a private company. Those costs include
additional director and officer liability insurance expenses, as well as
third-party and internal resources related to accounting, auditing,
Sarbanes-Oxley Act compliance, legal, investor and public relations expenses and
additional stock-based compensation expense as we align our long-term incentive
plan with other comparable public company plans. These costs are expected to
generally be SG&A expenses.
Results of Operations
We have included the results of operations of acquired companies in our
condensed consolidated results of operations from the date of their respective
acquisitions, which impacts the comparability of our results of operations when
comparing results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 to the three
and six months ended June 30, 2019 . We have noted in the discussion below, to
the extent meaningful and quantifiable, the impact on the comparability of our
condensed consolidated results of operations to prior year results due to the
inclusion of acquired companies when comparing the three and six months ended
June 30, 2020 to the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 .
During the first quarter of 2020, our Chief Operating Decision Maker began
assessing performance and making resource allocation decisions based on total
segment revenue, including direct and indirect revenue, and segment operating
income, including reimbursed costs. Previously, certain revenue amounts were not
allocated to segments, whereas following the change, all revenue and reimbursed
costs are allocated to the respective segment. As a result, we have updated our
segment presentation and all prior period information has been recast to reflect
the change in the measurement of segment performance measures.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 versus Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
Consolidated Results of Operations
Revenue Three Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 Change
Revenue $ 1,010,918 $ 996,531 $ 14,387 1.4 %
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Revenue increased
Three Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 Change
Direct costs, exclusive of
depreciation and amortization $ 374,839 $ 375,503 $ (664 ) (0.2 )%
% of revenue 37.1 % 37.7 %
Direct costs decreased
Three Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 Change
Reimbursed costs $ 223,807 $ 221,873 $ 1,934 0.9 %
% of revenue 22.1 % 22.3 %
Reimbursed costs increased $1.9 million to $223.8 million for the three months
ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019. Reimbursed costs
increased primarily due to the increase in revenue and our overall growth as
well as the general timing of costs incurred across our portfolio of work, which
will vary over the course of clinical trials due to the timing of the work
performed, scope changes and the complexity and phase of the study, among other
factors. The increase in reimbursed costs was also due to a 0.7% increase from
the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rates. As a percentage of
revenue, reimbursed costs decreased slightly to 22.1% for the three months ended
June 30, 2020 as compared to 22.3% in the same period in 2019 primarily due to
the factors identified above.
Selling,
General and Administrative Expenses Three Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 Change
Selling, general and administrative
expenses $ 237,616 $ 236,055 $ 1,561 0.7 %
% of revenue 23.5 % 23.7 %
SG&A expenses increased
2020 2019
Interest expense, net $ 51,403 $ 76,870 Interest expense, net, was
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Loss on Extinguishment of Debt Three Months Ended
2020 2019
Loss on extinguishment of debt $ (43,469 ) $ -
Loss on extinguishment of debt was
Three Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands) 2020 2019
Gain on investments $ 96,621 $ 6,490
Gain on investments was $96.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020
as compared to a gain of $6.5 million in the same period in 2019. The gains for
both periods were primarily a result of changes in the fair values of the net
asset values of our investments, partially offset by changes to the discounts on
certain investments in the prior year. The increase in net asset value for the
three months ended June 30, 2020 reflects primarily an increase in fair value
resulting from one of the underlying investments becoming publicly traded in the
second quarter, as well as the subsequent increases in the trading stock price
during the remainder of the quarter.
The gains or losses from our investments will likely continue to fluctuate from
period to period primarily based on the changes in fair value of the underlying
holdings of the limited partnerships and changes in the discounts applied to
such investments for our lack of control and lack of marketability, where
applicable.
Other (Expense) Income, Net Three Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands) 2020 2019
Other (expense) income, net $ (26,238 ) $ 11,986 Other expense, net, was
2020 2019
Provision for income taxes $ 17,230 $ 6,642
Effective income tax rate 21.2 % 17.0 %
Our provision for income taxes was
37
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Segment Results of Operations Clinical Development Services and Laboratory Services segment revenue, segment direct costs, segment reimbursed costs, segment SG&A expenses and segment operating income for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019 are detailed below. Clinical Development Services Three Months Ended June 30, (dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 Change Segment revenue$ 815,250 $ 833,341 $ (18,091 ) (2.2 )% Segment direct costs 283,378 293,596 (10,218 ) (3.5 ) Segment reimbursed costs 198,226 202,713 (4,487 ) (2.2 ) Segment SG&A expenses 135,518 132,081 3,437 2.6 Segment operating income$ 198,128 $ 204,951 $ (6,823 ) (3.3 ) Segment Revenue Clinical Development Services' revenue was$815.3 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 , a decrease of$18.1 million as compared to the same period in 2019. Revenue decreased (i) 4.0% from organic volume primarily due to the impacts of COVID-19 on our business and (ii) 0.1% from the unfavorable impact from foreign currency exchange rates. The decrease in revenue was partially offset by a 1.9% increase from inorganic growth due to the 2019 Acquisitions. Segment Direct Costs Clinical Development Services' direct costs were$283.4 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 , a decrease of$10.2 million as compared to the same period in 2019. The decrease in direct costs was primarily due to (i) a reduction in revenue as well as a reduction in certain project delivery costs, including contract labor and media-related costs for patient recruitment services, (ii) the impacts of limited voluntary and involuntary temporary furloughs of certain employees as a result of COVID-19 related cost reduction measures and (iii) a 2.0% decrease from the favorable impact from foreign currency exchange rates. Segment Reimbursed Costs Clinical Development Services' reimbursed costs were$198.2 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 , a decrease of$4.5 million as compared to the same period in 2019. Reimbursed costs decreased primarily due to the decrease in revenue, as well as due to the general timing of costs incurred across our portfolio of work, which will vary over the course of clinical trials due to the timing of the work performed, scope changes and the complexity and phase of the study, among other factors. The decrease in reimbursed costs was partially offset by a 0.9% increase from the unfavorable impact from foreign currency exchange rates. Segment SG&A Expenses Clinical Development Services' SG&A expenses were$135.5 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 , an increase of$3.4 million as compared to the same period in 2019. The increase in SG&A expenses was primarily due to (i) compensation increases and (ii) the impact of the 2019 Acquisitions. The increase in SG&A expenses was partially offset by (i) lower travel and associated expenses as a result of COVID-19 related cost reduction measures and (ii) a 1.7% decrease from the favorable impact from foreign currency exchange rates. Laboratory Services Three Months Ended June 30, (dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 Change Segment revenue$ 195,668 $ 163,190 $ 32,478 19.9 % Segment direct costs 89,748 75,466 14,282 18.9 Segment reimbursed costs 25,581 19,160 6,421 33.5 Segment SG&A expenses 21,863 19,904 1,959 9.8 Segment operating income$ 58,476 $ 48,660 $ 9,816 20.2 38
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Segment Revenue Laboratory Services' revenue was$195.7 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 , an increase of$32.5 million as compared to the same period in 2019. Revenue increased from organic volume growth across all our laboratory services in part due to higher opening backlog at the beginning of the year and overall growth in new business awards during 2020, including those associated with COVID-19 work. The higher opening backlog was primarily due to increased net authorizations across all of our lab businesses in 2019. Segment Direct Costs Laboratory Services' direct costs were$89.7 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 , an increase of$14.3 million as compared to the same period in 2019. The increase in direct costs was primarily due to (i) a$9.1 million increase from growth in employee headcount to support current growth in revenue as well as compensation increases and (ii) a$4.8 million increase in laboratory supply costs associated with the growth in revenue. Segment Reimbursed Costs Laboratory Services' reimbursed costs were$25.6 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 , an increase of$6.4 million as compared to the same period in 2019. Reimbursed costs increased primarily due to the increase in revenue and our overall growth, as well as higher shipping costs and the general timing of costs incurred across our portfolio of work. Segment SG&A Expenses Laboratory Services' SG&A expenses were$21.9 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 , an increase of$2.0 million as compared to the same period in 2019. The increase in SG&A expenses was primarily due to a$2.9 million increase from growth in employee headcount to support current growth in revenue as well as compensation increases. Six Months EndedJune 30, 2020 versus Six Months EndedJune 30, 2019 Consolidated Results of Operations Revenue Six Months Ended June 30, (dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 Change Revenue$ 2,083,380 $ 1,960,269 $ 123,111 6.3 %
Revenue increased
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