Inflation, which has been in double digits since 2016, reached 17.33%, driven higher by the impact of a coronavirus epidemic that has also induced a slump in the price of oil, Nigeria's main export, and weakened the naira currency.
Tuesday's inflation reading was the highest since the 17.78% touched in February 2017. The economy was in a slump then and is teetering on the brink of recession now, having expanded just 0.11% in the fourth quarter.
Food prices, which make up the bulk of the inflation basket, rose 21.79% in February, a jump of 1.22 percentage point on January, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) said.
In a country plagued by insecurity following a wave of kidnappings of schoolchildren in its increasingly lawless north, there are concerns that the combination of rising unemployment and prices and low growth - often described as "stagflation" - could trigger significant social unrest.
"Straining households will be compounded by increasing reports of insecurity in some regions, fuelling the risk of broader social discontent," said Jacques Nel, head of macroeconomic research at NKC African economics in South Africa.
Staples including bread, cereals, potatoes, fruits and oil drove the increase in the food price index, the NBS said in its report. Core inflation was driven by increases in prices of passenger transport, medical services and cars.
Inflation pressures would probably remain high in coming months, Nel predicted, adding that just 30.6 million Nigerians of a population of around 210 million were considered fully employed.
MONETARY POLICY DILEMMA
President Muhammadu Buhari has made investment in rail and road a focus of his administration's drive to kick-start growth, but falls in public revenue linked to the lower oil price have checked his ambitions.
Given the low-growth and high-inflation backdrop, few analysts expect the central bank to either raise or lower its base rate of 11.5% next Tuesday, when it holds a policy meeting.
Meanwhile the International Monetary Fund, which said in February the bank might may need to tighten policy if inflation got out of control, has urged it to phase out financing of the government deficit to help check price pressures, and to allow the naira to float more freely.
The central bank has tried to manage pressure on the currency by restricting access to dollars for certain imports to boost local production and set up a multiple currency rates.
"While the CBN has focused on subsidised credit to the productive sectors in an attempt to ease bottlenecks, this has clearly not been sufficient to prevent a rise in near-term inflation," said Razia Khan, chief economist for Africa and the Middle East at Standard Chartered.
(Reporting by Chijioke Ohuocha; Additional reporting by Alexis Akwagyiram in Lagos; Editing by John Stonestreet)
By Chijioke Ohuocha
