WORLD ENERGY COUNCIL

A B O U T

WORLD ENERGY COUNCIL

WORLD ENERGY ISSUES MONITOR 2022

The World Energy Council is the world's principal independent and impartial network of energy leaders and practitioners, promoting an aordable, stable and environmentally sensitive energy system for the greatest benefit of all.

Formed in 1923, the Council is the premier global energy body, representing the entire energy spectrum, with over 3,000 member organisations in over 90 countries, drawn from governments, private and state corpo- rations, academia, NGOs and energy stakeholders. We inform global, regional and national energy strategies by hosting high-level events including the World Energy Congress and publishing authoritative studies and work through our extensive member network to facilitate the world's energy policy dialogue.

Further details at www.worldenergy.organd @WECouncil

Published by the World Energy Council 2022

Copyright © 2022 World Energy Council. All rights reserved. All or part of this publication may be used or reproduced as long as the following citation is included on each copy or transmission: 'Used by permission of the World Energy Council.'

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The World Energy Issues Monitor provides a snapshot of what keeps CEOs, Ministers and experts awake at night in nearly 100 countries.

The Monitor helps to define the world energy agenda and its evolution over time. It provides a high-level perception of what constitute issues of critical uncertainty, in contrast to those that require immediate action or act as developing signals for the future. It is an essential tool for understanding the complex and uncertain environment in which energy leaders must operate, and a tool through which one can challenge one's own assumptions on the key drivers within the energy landscape.

This 13th iteration of the World Energy Issues Monitor is based on insights of nearly 2,200 energy leaders in 91 countries to provide 51 national assessments across six world regions.

In addition to this report, the Interactive Issues Monitor Online Toolallows the visualisation of the data that underpins the Issues Maps. This tool has been produced in conjunction with the Council´s project partner, Arup

World Energy Issues Monitor 2022, published by the World Energy Council.

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PA G E S

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD

ABOUT THE WORLD ENERGY ISSUES MONITOR

GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES

REGIONAL HIGHLIGHTS

Africa

Asia

Europe

Latin America and the Caribbean

Middle East & Gulf States

North America

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

04

05

08

13

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WORLD ENERGY ISSUES MONITOR 2022

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WORLD ENERGY COUNCIL

F O R E W O R D

A compelling case for community action and enhanced energy literacy

This year's World Energy Issues Monitor reflects enormous uncertainty about the best way to manage climate change as we recover from the COVID-19 crisis, in an environment of rising energy costs. Undertaken in the weeks immediately following the COP 26 Conference in Glasgow in late 2021, our survey also highlights shared concerns about the rise of national interests in the face of climate change - a red signal for humanity.

Energy matters are centre stage in a world of more digitally connected, politically contested, interdependent, and diverse energy societies. Leadership agendas are focussed on the complex coordination challenges of managing faster-paced global energy transitions, without triggering new threats to regional and global peace.

In parts of the world many of the issues addressed in this publication have manifested themselves in the form of public uproar, notably around energy prices, costs and aordability as well as climate management.

Better solutions in energy for people and planet are possible, but not simple. They require new models of human and economic development and a shift from incremental improvements to transformation strategies that work across borders, across sectors, involve all levels of society, and deal with more than one issue at a time.

The search for more creative, integrated and inclusive solutions also presents new challenges in accountability and accounting. How to measure and manage the 'true and whole' costs of changes to the global energy system; for example, tackle subsidies, internalise externalities, address scope 3 emissions?

A highly dynamic energy landscape is emerging, characterised by new 'energy ecosystem' coalition building and competitions. In the void of an eective global energy governance system, the tension in energy interests of networks and territories are unresolved. Resilience extends to people and supply chains, with the fragile and lean nature of the latter severely tested in 2021. Rewiring for resilience requires new multi-directional flows and capacity buers, both of which carry a cost.

This years' 25thWorld Energy Congress: Energy for Humanitywill provide an opportunity to address these big, uncomfortable leadership questions. A better quality of conversation and action plans cannot be achieved by overlooking the increasing diversity in energy in the broadest sense - technologies, geographies, pathways and solutions. Achieving impact requires involving more people and communities

Humanising energy is our imperative.

The world cannot wait for full consensus, nor for intelligent machines to deliver the answer. The next big thing in energy is not a moon-shot technology but 1000s of smaller steps that mobilise sucient critical mass and accelerate human-centricknow-how in securing quality energy access for all.

A step change in energy literacy is essential to mobilise voices, clarify choices, hold leaders to account, and in sharing learning about how to move forward faster and together. Managing the inherent societal disruption in energy technology transition benefits from better understanding about the role of prices - including both carbon and energy - in guiding energy transitions along multiple pathways in all regions

And, lest we forget, how prices are inherently linked to systems costs, aordability, taxation and equity

We hope this publication will stimulate conversations big and small, nationally and internationally, to accelerate energy transitions and put people at the heart of the global energy agenda.

Angela Wilkinson

Secretary General & CEO

World Energy Council

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ABOUT THE WORLD ENERGY ISSUES MONITOR

The World Energy Council has been tracking energy leaders' perspectives on the issues aecting the sector over the past 13 years through the annual World Energy Issues Monitor. By asking policy makers, CEOs and leading industry experts to assess the level of impact and uncertainty they attribute to preidentified energy transition issues, the Monitor provides a unique overview of: a) the Action Priorities or areas where countries are acting pragmatically to progress in their energy transition; and b) the Critical Uncertainties or issues that are in the energy leaders' radar as areas of concern, and how these have evolved over time.

Each Issues Map provides a visual snapshot of the critical uncertainties and action priorities that policymakers, CEOs and leading experts strive to address, shape and manage energy transitions.

For this edition of the World Energy Issues Monitor, the Council surveyed nearly 2,200 energy leaders and global experts drawn from across the Council's global network of close to 100 national Member Committees. The survey was conducted over the three weeks following the conclusion of the 26th Conference of the Parties (COP26), which was held in Glasgow, UK during November 2021. The 2022 World Energy Issues Monitor should be considered within this context.

The Issues Monitor Survey questionnaire considers 25 core energy transition issues, which are divided into 5 categories:

  1. Global Trends and Macroeconomics, including geopolitics, economic growth, regional integration and commodity prices;
  2. Environment, including climate change, energy eciency, resource availability and the circular economy;
  3. EnergyTechnologies, including hydrogen, renewables, nuclear, electric storage, digitalisation and cybersecurity;
  4. Policy and Business, including market design, trade and investment;
  5. Social Dynamics, including demand-side impact, energy access and equity.

Each Issues Map provides a visual snapshot of the Critical Uncertainties and Action Priorities that policymakers, CEOs and leading experts strive to address, shape and manage.

The bubbles in the Issues Map represent the averaged level of: a) uncertainty; and b) impact that respondents attribute to each energy transition issue. Those issues in the top right-hand corner of the map highlighted in orange have the highest levels of impact and uncertainty, and are defined as Critical Uncertainties. The bottom right-hand corner of the map highlights issues in blue that have high impact, but low uncertainty, and are defined as Action Priorities. The centre-point of the issues map represents the medium level for impact and uncertainty to help comparison between dierent issues maps.

This year we have introduced colour shades, which are graded according to proximity to the right-hand corners of the maps. This enables finer dierentiation of the degree of uncertainty and impact attributed to issues, and to highlight (lighter shades) issues that are close to becoming Critical Uncertainties and Action Priorities.

The Issues Monitor is widely used by the World Energy Council's Member Committees and by the global energy community as a reality check tool that provides a horizon-scanning of perspectives on energy transitions from a country's own energy stakeholders. This energy insiders' perspective, which is presented in the report through the Issues Maps, in combination with the respective commentaries has, over the years, informed decision- making discussions by:

Promoting a shared understanding of successful energy transitions;

Understanding how energy transitions are perceived by sector stakeholders in relation to countries' national and regional energy strategies;

Appreciating and contrasting regional variations to better understand diering priorities and areas of concern;

Following the evolution of specific economic, social, technology, political, business and environmental trends related to the energy sector.

WORLD ENERGY ISSUES MONITOR 2022

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WEC - World Energy Council published this content on 26 January 2022 and is solely responsible for the information contained therein. Distributed by Public, unedited and unaltered, on 27 January 2022 09:18:00 UTC.