The following discussion and analysis of the results of operations and financial condition of180 Life Sciences Corp. as of and for the years endedDecember 31, 2020 and 2019 should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes to those consolidated financial statements that are included elsewhere in this Annual Report. This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains statements that are forward-looking. See "Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information" above. Actual results could differ materially because of the factors discussed in "Risk Factors" elsewhere in this Annual Report, and other factors that we may not know.Organization of MD&A
Our Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (the "MD&A") is provided in addition to the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes to assist readers in understanding our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows. MD&A is organized as follows:
? Business Overview and Recent Events
? Results of Operations. An analysis of our financial results comparing the
twelve months ended
? Liquidity and Capital Resources. An analysis of changes in our balance sheets
and cash flows and discussion of our financial condition.
? Critical Accounting Policies. Accounting estimates that we believe are
important to understanding the assumptions and judgments incorporated in our
reported financial results and forecasts. 77
Business Overview and Recent Events
OnNovember 6, 2020 ("Closing Date"), the previously announced Business Combination was consummated following a special meeting of stockholders, where the stockholders of KBL considered and approved, among other matters, a proposal to adopt the Business Combination Agreement. Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, KBL Merger Sub merged with 180, with 180 continuing as the surviving entity and becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of KBL. As part of the Business Combination, KBL issued 17,500,000 shares of common stock and equivalents to the stockholders of 180, in exchange for all of the outstanding capital stock of 180. The Business Combination became effectiveNovember 6, 2020 and 180 filed a Certificate of Amendment of its Certificate of Incorporation inDelaware to change its name to 180 Life Corp., and KBL changed its name to
180 Life Sciences Corp.
This MD&A and the related financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2020 primarily covers the historical operations of 180 to the Closing Date (November 6, 2020 ) and then the combined operations of the two entities from the Closing Date toDecember 31, 2020 . The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization with the assets and liabilities of KBL being consolidated commencing with the Closing Date. Thus, the results of operations for the year endedDecember 31, 2020 , only include the combined results after the Closing Date. See Note 5 - Business Combination to the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements included at the end of this Annual Report
on Form 10-K.
This MD&A and the related financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 , primarily covers the historical operations of Katexco to the date of combination onJuly 16, 2019 and then for the combined operations of the three operating entities from the Closing Date toDecember 31, 2020 . The Reorganization was accounted for as a reverse merger with the assets and liabilities of CBR Pharma and 180 LP valued and recorded as of the Closing Date under purchase accounting. Thus, the results of operations for the year endedDecember 31, 2020 , only include the combined results after the Closing Date. See Note 4 - Reorganization and Recapitalization to the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements included at the end of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Following the Closing of the Business Combination, we transitioned our operations to those of 180, which is a clinical stage biotechnology company headquartered inPalo Alto, California , focused on the development of therapeutics for unmet medical needs in chronic pain, inflammation, fibrosis and other inflammatory diseases, where anti-TNF therapy will provide a clear benefit to patients, by employing innovative research, and, where appropriate, combination therapy. We have three product development platforms:
? fibrosis and anti-tumor necrosis factor ("TNF");
? drugs which are derivatives of cannabidiol ("CBD"); and
? alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ("?7nAChR").
We have several future product candidates in development, including one product candidate in a Phase 2b clinical trial in theUnited Kingdom for Dupuytren's disease, a condition that affects the development of fibrous connective tissue in the palm of the hand. 180 was founded by several world-leading scientists in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical sectors. We intend to invest resources to successfully complete the clinical programs that are underway, discover new drug candidates, and develop new molecules to build up on its existing pipeline to address unmet clinical needs. The product candidates are designed via a platform comprised of defined unit operations and technologies. This work is performed in a research and development environment that evaluates and assesses variability in each step of the process in order to define the most reliable production conditions. We may rely on third-party CMOs and other third parties for the manufacturing and processing of the product candidates in the future. We believe the use of contract manufacturing and testing for the first clinical product candidates is cost-effective and has allowed us to rapidly prepare for clinical trials in accordance with its development plans. We expect that third-party manufacturers will be capable of providing and processing sufficient quantities of these product candidates to meet anticipated clinical trial demands. 78 COVID-19 Pandemic InDecember 2019 , a new strain of the coronavirus (COVID-19) was reported in Mainland China and during the first quarter of 2020 the virus had spread to over 150 countries, resulting in a global pandemic. This COVID-19 pandemic and the public health responses to contain it have resulted in global recessionary conditions, which did not exist atDecember 31, 2019 . Among other effects, government-mandated closures, stay-at-home orders and other related measures have significantly impacted global economic activity and business investment in general. A continuation or worsening of the levels of market disruption and volatility seen in the recent past could have an adverse effect on our ability to access capital, and on our business, results of operations and financial condition. We have been closely monitoring the developments and have taken active measures to protect the health of our employees, their families, and our communities. The ultimate impact on the 2021 fiscal year and beyond will depend heavily on the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and public health responses, including government-mandated closures, stay-at-home orders and social distancing mandates, as well as the substance and pace of macroeconomic recovery, all of which are uncertain and difficult to predict considering the rapidly evolving landscape of the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health responses to contain it. As ofDecember 31, 2020 , COVID-19 has delayed and paused patient follow ups in one of our clinical trials to the end of 2021, additionally COVID-19 has delayed the initiation of certain clinical trials. Close of Business Combination OnNovember 6, 2020 (the "Closing Date"), the Company consummated the previously announced Business Combination following a special meeting of stockholders held onNovember 5, 2020 , where the stockholders of the Company considered and approved, among other matters, a proposal to adopt the Business Combination Agreement (as amended, the "Business Combination Agreement"), dated as ofJuly 25, 2019 . Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, among other things, a subsidiary of the Company merged with and into 180, with 180 continuing as the surviving entity and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the "Merger"). The Merger became effective onNovember 6, 2020 . The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization of 180. All of 180's capital stock outstanding immediately prior to the merger was exchanged for (i) 15,736,348 shares of 180LS common stock, (ii) 2 shares of Class C and ClassK Special Voting Shares exchangeable into 1,763,652 shares of 180LS common stock which are presented as outstanding in the accompanying Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Deficiency) due to the reverse recapitalization. The Company's 6,928,645 outstanding shares of common stock are presented as being issued on the date of the Business Combination. Financing OnFebruary 19, 2021 , the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with a number of institutional investors (the "Purchasers") pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to the Purchasers an aggregate of 2,564,000 shares (the "Shares") of the Company's common stock and warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,564,000 shares of the Company's common stock (the "Warrants"), at a combined purchase price of$4.55 per Share and accompanying Warrant (the "Offering"). Aggregate gross proceeds from the Offering were approximately$11.7 million , prior to deducting placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. Net proceeds to the Company from the Offering, after deducting the placement agent fees and offering expenses payable by the Company, were approximately$10.8 million . The Offering closed onFebruary 23, 2021 .Maxim Group LLC (the "Placement Agent") acted as exclusive placement agent in connection with the Offering pursuant to an Engagement Letter between the Company and the Placement Agent datedJanuary 26, 2021 (as amended onFebruary 18, 2021 ). Pursuant to the Engagement Letter, the Placement Agent received a commission equal to seven percent (7%) of the aggregate gross proceeds of the Offering, or$816,634 . Conversion of Bridge Notes OnMarch 8, 2021 , the holders of the Company's convertible bridge notes, which were issued inDecember 27, 2019 andJanuary 3, 2020 to various purchasers, converted an aggregate of$432,384 , which included accrued interest of$66,633 owed under such convertible bridge notes, into an aggregate of 158,383 shares of common stock pursuant to the terms of such notes, as amended, at a conversion price of$2.73 per share. Convertible Debt Conversions FromNovember 27, 2020 toFebruary 5, 2021 , the holders of the Company's convertible promissory notes converted an aggregate of$4,782,107 owed under such convertible notes into an aggregate of 1,986,751 shares of common stock, pursuant to the terms of such notes, as amended, at conversion prices of between$2.00 and$3.29 per share. Preferred Stock OnNovember 6, 2020 , the Company issued Series A convertible preferred stock for gross proceeds of$3,000,000 . FromNovember 27, 2020 toDecember 18, 2020 , the holders of the Series A convertible preferred stock converted an aggregate conversion amount of$3,666,667 into an aggregate of 1,619,144 shares of common stock, pursuant to the terms of the agreement, as amended, at conversion prices of between$2.24 and$2.31 per share. 79
We claim an exemption from registration pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) and/or Rule 506 of Regulation D of the Securities Act, for such issuances described above, since the foregoing issuances did not involve a public offering, the recipients were (a) "accredited investors"; and/or (b) had access to similar documentation and information as would be required in a Registration Statement under the Securities Act. The securities were offered without any general solicitation by us or our representatives. The securities are subject to transfer restrictions, and the certificates evidencing the securities contain an appropriate legend stating that such securities have not been registered under the Securities Act and may not be offered or sold absent registration or pursuant to an exemption therefrom and such securities may not be offered or sold inthe United States absent registration or an exemption from registration under the Securities Act and any applicable state securities laws. We claim an exemption from registration provided by Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, for such note conversions, as the securities were exchanged by us with our existing security holders in transactions where no commission or other remuneration was paid or given directly or indirectly for soliciting
such exchange. See Note 18 - Subsequent Events to the audited financial statements included at the end of this Report for a more detailed discussion of these matters and other events subsequent toDecember 31, 2020 .
Significant Financial Statement Components
Research and Development
To date, 180's research and development expenses have related primarily to discovery efforts and preclinical and clinical development of its three product platforms: fibrosis and anti-TNF; drugs which are derivatives of CBD, and ?7nAChR. Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs associated with those three product platforms, which include:
? expenses incurred under agreements with 180's collaboration partners and
third-party contract organizations, investigative clinical trial sites that
conduct research and development activities on its behalf, and consultants;
? costs related to production of clinical materials, including fees paid to
contract manufacturers;
? laboratory and vendor expenses related to the execution of preclinical and
clinical trials;
? employee-related expenses, which include salaries, benefits and stock-based
compensation; and
? facilities and other expenses, which include expenses for rent and maintenance
of facilities, depreciation and amortization expense and other supplies.
We expense all research and development costs in the periods in which they are incurred. We accrue for costs incurred as services are provided by monitoring the status of each project and the invoices received from its external service providers. We adjust our accrual as actual costs become known. When contingent milestone payments are owed to third parties under research and development arrangements or license agreements, the milestone payment obligations are expensed when the milestone results are achieved. Research and development activities are central to our business model. Product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage clinical trials. We expect that research and development expenses will increase over the next several years as clinical programs progress and as we seek to initiate clinical trials of additional product candidates. It is also expected that increased research and development expenses will be incurred as additional product candidates are selectively identified and developed. However, it is difficult to determine with certainty the duration and completion costs of current or future preclinical programs and clinical trials of product candidates. The duration, costs and timing of clinical trials and development of product candidates will depend on a variety of factors that include, but are not limited to, the following: ? per patient trial costs; 80
? the number of patients that participate in the trials;
? the number of sites included in the trials;
? the countries in which the trials are conducted;
? the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;
? the number of doses that patients receive;
? the drop-out or discontinuation rates of patients;
? potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory
agencies;
? the duration of patient follow-up;
? and the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidates.
In addition, the probability of success for each product candidate will depend on numerous factors, including competition, manufacturing capability and commercial viability. We will determine which programs to pursue and fund in response to the scientific and clinical success of each product candidate, as well as an assessment of each product candidate's commercial potential. Because the product candidates are still in clinical and preclinical development and the outcome of these efforts is uncertain, we cannot estimate the actual amounts necessary to successfully complete the development and commercialization of product candidates or whether, or when, we may achieve profitability. Due to the early-stage nature of these programs, we do not track costs on a project-by-project basis. As these programs become more advanced, we intend to track the external and internal cost of each program. General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and other staff-related costs, including stock-based compensation for shares of common stock issued to founders for personnel in executive, commercial, finance, accounting, legal, investor relations, facilities, business development and human resources functions and include vesting conditions.
Other significant general and administrative costs include costs relating to facilities and overhead costs, legal fees relating to corporate and patent matters, insurance, investor relations costs, fees for accounting and consulting services, and other general and administrative costs. General and administrative costs are expensed as incurred, and we accrue amounts for services provided by third parties related to the above expenses by monitoring the status of services provided and receiving estimates from our service providers and adjusting our accruals as actual costs become known. It is expected that the general and administrative expenses will increase over the next several years to support our continued research and development activities, potential manufacturing activities, potential commercialization of its product candidates and the increased costs of operating as a public company. These increases are anticipated to include increased costs related to the hiring of additional personnel, developing commercial infrastructure, fees to outside consultants, lawyers and accountants, and increased costs associated with being a public company, as well as expenses related to services associated with maintaining compliance with NASDAQ listing rules andSEC requirements, insurance and investor relations costs. Other Income
Other income primarily represents fees earned for research and development work performed for other companies, some of which are related parties.
81 Interest Expense
Interest expense consists primarily of interest expense related to debt instruments.
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Convertible Notes
Gain (loss) on extinguishment of convertible notes represents the shortfall (excess) of the reacquisition cost of convertible notes as compared to their carrying value.
Change in Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities represents the non-cash change in fair value of derivative liabilities during the reporting period.
Change in Fair Value of Accrued Issuable Equity
Change in fair value of accrued issuable equity represents the non-cash change in fair value of accrued equity prior to its formal issuance.
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Consolidated Results of Operations
For the Year EndedDecember 31, 2020 Compared to the Year EndedDecember 31, 2019 For the Years Ended December 31, 2020 2019 Operating Expenses: Research and development$ 2,217,371 $ 1,981,299
Research and development - related parties 75,633 54,020 General and administrative 3,169,260 5,607,808 General and administrative - related parties 185,848 286,745 Modification of stock award - related party - 12,959,360 Rental income - related parties - (25,946 ) Total Operating Expenses 5,648,112 20,863,286 Loss From Operations
(5,648,112 ) (20,863,286 )
Other (Expense) Income: Gain (loss) on sale and disposal of property and equipment (37,174 ) 1,714 Other income 15,334 - Other income - related parties 240,000 552,329 Interest income - 3,727 Interest expense (1,002,424 ) (162,066 ) Interest expense - related parties (84,550 ) (23,074 ) Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes payable, net (2,580,655 ) (703,188 ) Change in fair value of derivative liabilities (1,816,309 ) - Change in fair value of accrued issuable equity 9,405 (327,879 ) Change in fair value of accrued issuable equity - related parties - (3,881,819 ) Total Other Expense, Net
(5,256,373 ) (4,540,256 )
Loss Before Income Taxes (10,904,485 ) (25,403,542 ) Income tax benefit
20,427 9,496 Net Loss$ (10,884,058 ) $ (25,394,046 ) 82 Research and Development During the year endedDecember 31, 2020 , we incurred research and development expenses of$2,217,371 compared to$1,981,299 incurred for the year endedDecember 30, 2019 , representing an increase of$236,072 or 12%. The increase includes a$1,374,000 decrease in research and development expenses related to the temporary pausing of drug discovery services in 2020 provided byEvotec International GmbH in connection with a research and development agreement, a decrease in research and development expenses related to a reclassification of$109,000 in connection with 2018 tax credits and$327,000 in connection with estimated 2020 tax credits, partially offset by research and development agreements amended and entered into with Yissum during 2020 related to the formulation of cannabinoid metal salts and the evaluation of potential drugs in inflammation and pain of$855,000 , an increase of$1,058,000 related to stock compensation paid toYissum Research Development Company , an increase of$192,000 due to two new research and development agreements that were entered into that relate to fibrosis and treatment of inflammation and respiratory viruses, and$58,212 due to a decrease of miscellaneous research and development expenses.
Research and Development - Related Parties
During the year endedDecember 31, 2020 , we incurred research and development expenses - related parties of$75,633 , representing twelve months of expenses in connection with the Company's consulting fees for clinical research versus six months of expense (approximately$54,000 ) recognized during 2019. General and Administrative During the year endedDecember 31, 2020 , we incurred general and administrative expenses of$3,169,260 compared to$5,607,808 incurred for the year endedDecember 30, 2019 , representing a decrease of$2,438,548 or 43%. The decrease is attributable to a swing from bad debt expense to bad debt recoveries in the amount of approximately$2,400,000 , a decrease in travel expenses of approximately$394,000 due to COVID-19 travel restrictions, a decrease in professional and consulting fees of$196,000 primarily attributable to increased merger and reorganization fees in 2019, partially offset by an increase in compensation of approximately$212,000 for services provided by directors, officers or greater than 10% stockholders, and an increase of$145,000 related to new patents, in connection with amounts paid toStanford University of$33,000 for anti-inflammatory and therapeutic technology, amounts paid to our IP counsels of$54,000 related to patent filings and patent application filings, and amounts paid to a legal firm for$70,000 related to treatment research.
General and Administrative - Related Parties
During the year endedDecember 31, 2020 , we incurred general administrative expenses - related parties of$185,848 compared to$286,745 incurred for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 , representing a decrease of$100,897 , or 35%. The decrease is primarily related to a decrease in rent expense resulting from the termination of an operating lease in the fourth quarter of 2019 and a decrease in bad debt expenses during 2020.
Modification of Stock Award - Related Parties
During the year endedDecember 31, 2019 , we incurred$12,959,360 of expenses related to the modification of a stock award as a result of the Company's waiver of its right of redemption for contingently redeemable shares that had been issued to a consultant to a subsidiary acquired in connection with the Reorganization. There was no stock award modification expense during the year endedDecember 31, 2020 .
Rental Income - Related Parties
During the year endedDecember 31, 2019 , we recognized$25,946 of rental income from related parties in connection with the month-to-month subleases with various companies that share common officers and directors with the Company. The subleases terminated at the end of 2019. We did not recognize any sublease income during the year endedDecember 31, 2020 . 83
Other (Expense) Income, Net
During the year endedDecember 31, 2020 , we incurred other expenses, net of$5,256,373 compared to$4,540,256 for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 , representing an increase in other expenses of$716,117 or 16%. The increase was primarily due to an increase in the loss on extinguishment of convertible notes payable, net of$1,877,467 , an increase of$1,816,309 in the change in fair value of derivative liabilities assumed at the Business Combination, and an increase of$840,358 in interest expense related to additional promissory note issuances in 2020, a decrease in other income - related parties of$312,329 earned pursuant to a research and development agreement, offset by a decrease in the aggregate amount of$4,219,103 in the change in fair value of accrued issuable equity and accrued issuable equity - related parties. During the year endedDecember 31, 2020 , there was a loss on sale of property and equipment of$37,174 compared to a gain of$1,714 during the year endedDecember 31, 2019 . The loss during the years endedDecember 31, 2020 was related to the disposal of office furniture and fixtures. The gain during the year endedDecember 31, 2019 was related to the sale of office furniture and fixtures to a company that shares common officers and directors with the Company.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of
For the years endedDecember 31, 2020 and 2019, cash used in operating activities was$3,871,961 and$3,318,654 , respectively. Our cash used in operations for the year endedDecember 31, 2020 was primarily attributable to our net loss of$10,884,058 , adjusted for non-cash expenses in the aggregate amount of$4,679,931 , as well as$2,332,166 of net cash provided by changes in the levels of operating assets and liabilities. Our cash used in operations for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 was primarily attributable to our net loss of$25,394,046 , adjusted for non-cash expenses in the aggregate amount of$19,038,761 , as well as$3,036,631 of net cash provided by changes in the levels of operating assets and liabilities. For the years endedDecember 31, 2020 and 2019, cash provided by (used in) investing activities was$14,490,724 and ($708,149 ), respectively. Cash provided by investing activities during the year endedDecember 31, 2020 consisted of$10,280,739 of cash released from a trust account in connection with the Business Combination,$3,006,235 of cash acquired in the reverse recapitalization and$1,203,750 of proceeds received from the collection of notes receivable. Cash used in investing activities during the year endedDecember 31, 2019 consisted of$649,825 of cash used for the purchase of a note receivable,$144,402 of cash used for the acquisition of intangible assets, partially offset by$86,078 of cash acquired in connection with the Reorganization. For the years endedDecember 31, 2020 and 2019, cash (used in) provided by financing activities was ($8,733,927 ) and$3,942,348 , respectively. Cash used in financing activities during the year endedDecember 31, 2020 was due to payment of common stock redemptions in the amount of ($9,006,493 ), repayments made to related parties in the amount of ($201,859 ), and the repayment of loans in the amount of ($72,843 ), partially offset by sources of cash from the net proceeds from the sale of common stock in the amount of$72,500 and proceeds from loans and convertible notes in the amount of$474,768 . The net cash provided by financing activities during the year endedDecember 30, 2019 was comprised of$1,257,045 proceeds from the sale and subscriptions for common stock, and$2,685,303 cash proceeds from the issuance of loans and convertible notes. Our product candidates may never achieve commercialization and we anticipate that we will continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future. We expect that our research and development expenses, general and administrative expenses, and capital expenditures will continue to increase. As a result, until such time, if ever, as we are able to generate substantial product revenue, we expect to finance our cash needs through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings or other capital sources, including potentially collaborations, licenses and other similar arrangements. Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, compensation and related expenses, third-party clinical research and development services, costs relating to the build-out of our headquarters and manufacturing facility, license payments or milestone obligations that may arise, laboratory and related supplies, clinical costs, manufacturing costs, legal and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. Further, our operating plans may change, and we may need additional funds to meet operational needs and capital requirements for clinical trials and other research and development activities. We currently have no credit facility or committed sources of capital. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development and commercialization of our product candidates, we are unable to estimate the amounts of increased capital outlays and operating expenditures associated with our current and anticipated product development programs. 84
We have not yet achieved profitability and expect to continue to incur cash outflows from operations. It is expected that our research and development and general and administrative expenses will continue to increase and, as a result, we will eventually need to raise additional capital to fund our operations. If we are unable to obtain adequate funds on reasonable terms, we may be required to significantly curtail or discontinue operations or obtain funds by entering into financing agreements on unattractive terms. Our operating needs include the planned costs to operate our business, including amounts required to fund working capital and capital expenditures. The conditions outlined above indicate that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the financial statement issuance date. Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted inthe United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"), which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern and the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The carrying amounts of assets and liabilities presented in the consolidated financial statements do not necessarily purport to represent realizable or settlement values. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustment that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Recent Funding Transactions
OnFebruary 19, 2021 , we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the "Purchase Agreement") with the purchasers identified on the signature pages thereto (the "Purchasers") pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to the Purchasers an aggregate of 2,564,000 shares (the "Shares") of common stock and warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,564,000 shares of common stock (the "SPA Warrants"), at a combined purchase price of$4.55 per Share and accompanying SPA Warrant (the "Offering"). Aggregate gross proceeds from the Offering were approximately$11.7 million , prior to deducting placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. Net proceeds to the Company from the Offering, after deducting the placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, were approximately$10.8 million . The Offering closed onFebruary 23, 2021 . The SPA Warrants have an exercise price equal to$5.00 , were immediately exercisable and are subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments for stock splits or dividends or other similar transactions. However, the exercise price of the SPA Warrants will not be subject to adjustment as a result of subsequent equity issuances at effective prices lower than the then-current exercise price. The SPA Warrants are exercisable untilFebruary 23, 2026 . The SPA Warrants are subject to a provision prohibiting the exercise of such SPA Warrants to the extent that, after giving effect to such exercise, the holder of such Warrant (together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates), would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of the outstanding common stock (which may be increased to 9.99% on a holder by holder basis, with 61 days prior written consent of
the applicable holder). In connection with the Offering, the Company also entered into a Registration Rights Agreement, dated as ofFebruary 23, 2021 , with the Purchasers (the "Registration Rights Agreement"). Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, the Company agreed to file a registration statement with theSEC on or prior toApril 24, 2021 to register the resale of the Shares and the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the SPA Warrants (the "Warrant Shares"), and to cause such registration statement to be declared effective on or prior toJune 23, 2021 (or, in the event of a "full review" by theSEC ,August 22, 2021 ). The Company failed to file a registration statement with theSEC byMay 24, 2021 , triggering penalties equal to 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds of the securities sold in the Offering for the approximately two months of delay,
which to date has totaled$350,000 .
The Company agreed in the Purchase Agreement that, until the earlier of (1) thirty (30) days after the date on which the registration statement that is filed pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement to register the resale by the Purchasers of the Shares and the Warrant Shares is declared effective by theSEC (such date, the "Effective Date") and (2) thirty (30) days after such date that the Shares may be sold without limitation pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act, neither the Company nor any subsidiary thereof would (i) issue, enter into any agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any shares of common stock (or common stock equivalents) or (ii) file any registration statement or any amendment or supplement thereto, in each case other than (A) as contemplated pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement and (B) as contemplated by that certain Registration Rights Agreement, datedJune 12, 2020 , by and between the Company and the parties signatory thereto. 85 Each of the directors and executive officers of the Company has entered into a lock-up agreement with the Company in connection with the Offering (each, a "Lock-Up Agreement"). Under the Lock-Up Agreements, from the date of the lock-up agreements until the earlier of (x) sixty (60) days after the Effective Date and (y)November 6, 2021 , the directors and executive officers will not offer, sell, contract to sell, hypothecate, pledge or otherwise dispose of (or enter into any transaction which is designed to, or might reasonably be expected to, result in the disposition (whether by actual disposition or effective economic disposition due to cash settlement or otherwise) by the director or executive officer), directly or indirectly, or establish or increase a put equivalent position or liquidate or decrease a call equivalent position within the meaning of Section 16 of the Exchange Act, with respect to, any shares of common stock or securities convertible, exchangeable or exercisable into, shares of common stock, subject to limited exceptions.Maxim Group LLC (the "Placement Agent") acted as exclusive placement agent in connection with the Offering pursuant to an Engagement Letter between the Company and the Placement Agent datedJanuary 26, 2021 (together with the amendment letter datedFebruary 18, 2021 (such amendment letter, the "Amendment Letter"), the "Engagement Letter"). The Engagement Letter provides, among other things, that the Placement Agent will receive a commission equal to seven percent (7%) of the aggregate gross proceeds of the Offering. The Engagement Letter and the Purchase Agreement contain customary representations and warranties, agreements and obligations, conditions to closing and termination provisions. The representations, warranties and covenants contained in the Engagement Letter and the Purchase Agreement were made only for purposes of such agreement and as of specific dates, were solely for the benefit of the parties to the Engagement Letter and the Purchase Agreement, and may be subject to limitations agreed upon by the contracting parties.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
There are no off-balance sheet arrangements between us and any other entity that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on financial conditions, changes in financial conditions, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to stockholders. Critical Accounting Policies
See Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of our consolidated financial statements included within this Annual Report for our critical accounting policies.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of our consolidated financial statements included within this Annual Report for a summary of recently issued and adopted accounting pronouncements.
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