AKAMAI TECHNOLOGIES, INC. This quarterly report on Form 10-Q, particularly Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations set forth below, and notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included herein contain "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management as of the date hereof based on information currently available to our management. Use of words such as "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "intends," "plans," "estimates," "should," "forecasts," "if," "continues," "goal," "likely" or similar expressions indicates a forward-looking statement. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Actual results may differ materially from the forward-looking statements we make. See "Risk Factors" elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of certain risks associated with our business. We disclaim any obligation to update forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Our management's discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, which we have prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted inthe United States of America , or GAAP, for interim periods and with Regulation S-X promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. The preparation of these unaudited consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related items, including, but not limited to, revenue recognition, accounts receivable and related reserves, valuation and impairment of marketable securities, goodwill and acquired intangible assets, capitalized internal-use software development costs, impairment and useful lives of long-lived assets, income taxes and stock-based compensation. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances at the time they are made. Actual results may differ from our estimates. See the section entitled "Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year-endedDecember 31, 2019 for further discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates.
Overview
We provide solutions for securing, delivering and optimizing content and business applications over the Internet. The key factors that influence our financial success are our ability to build on recurring revenue commitments for our security and performance offerings, increase media traffic on our network, effectively manage the prices we charge for our solutions, develop new products and carefully manage our capital spending and other expenses.
Revenue
For most of our solutions, our customers commit to contracts having terms of a year or longer, which allows us to have a consistent and predictable base level of revenue. In addition to a base level of revenue, we are also dependent on media customers where usage of our solutions is more variable. As a result, our revenue is impacted by the amount of media and software download traffic we serve on our network, the rate of adoption of gaming, social media and video platform offerings, the timing and variability of customer-specific one-time events and geopolitical, economic and other developments that impact our customers' businesses. Seasonal variations that impact traffic on our network, such as holiday shopping, can cause unpredictable revenue swings from quarter to quarter. Over the longer term, our ability to expand our product portfolio and to effectively manage the prices we charge for our solutions are key factors impacting our revenue growth.
We have observed the following trends related to our revenue in recent years:
•Increased sales of our security solutions have made a significant contribution
to revenue growth. We plan to continue to invest in this area with a focus on
further enhancing our product portfolio and extending our go-to-market
capabilities.
•We have experienced increases in the amount of traffic delivered for customers
that use our solutions for video, gaming downloads and social media,
contributing to an increase in our revenue in the first half of 2020 as compared
to the same period in 2019. In addition, as a result of the novel coronavirus,
or COVID-19, outbreak, and resultant shelter-in-place requirements in various
locations around the world, the rate of increase in traffic in the first and
second quarters of 2020, as compared to prior quarters, accelerated
significantly. This increased year-over-year growth could continue in 2020 if
the various shelter-in-place restrictions are extended or moderate if they are
broadly lifted.
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•While we have increased committed recurring revenue from our solutions by upselling incremental solutions to our existing customers and adding new customers, we have also experienced slower revenue growth in recent quarters in our web performance solutions. We expect the trend of slower revenue growth in our web division to continue in 2020 as our customers, particularly in the commerce and travel and hospitality industries, continue to experience financial pressure, especially in light of the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on these customers' operations. •The prices paid by some of our customers have declined, particularly in the context of contract renewals and large media consolidations, reflecting the impact of competition and volume discounts. Our revenue would have been higher absent these price declines. •Revenue from our international operations has been growing at a faster pace than from ourU.S. operations, particularly in terms of new customer acquisition and cross-selling of incremental solutions. Because we publicly report inU.S. dollars, the strong dollar has negatively impacted our results in recent quarters. If the dollar continues to strengthen, our reported revenue results will be negatively impacted. Conversely, a weaker dollar would benefit our reported results. •We have experienced variations in certain types of revenue from quarter to quarter. In particular, we typically experience higher revenue in the fourth quarter of each year for some of our solutions as a result of holiday season activity. In addition, we experience quarterly variations in revenue attributable to, among other things, the nature and timing of software and gaming releases by our customers; whether there are large live sporting or other events or situations (like the COVID-19 pandemic) that impact the amount of media traffic on our network; and the frequency and timing of purchases of custom solutions or licensed software.
Expenses
Our level of profitability is also impacted by our expenses, including direct
costs to support our revenue such as bandwidth and co-location costs. We have
observed the following trends related to our profitability in recent years:
•Our profitability improved in the first half of 2020 as compared to the same
period in 2019 due to higher revenue as well as the effects of cost savings and
efficiency initiatives we have undertaken and lower travel and marketing
expenses resulting from pandemic-related shutdowns. We expect to continue to
undertake efforts intended to improve the efficiency of operations. If we are
able to continue our efficiency efforts such that our rate of revenue growth
exceeds our expense growth rate and our business is not impacted more severely
than currently anticipated by repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic, we
anticipate overall profitability improvement in 2020 as compared to 2019.
•Network bandwidth costs represent a significant portion of our cost of revenue.
Historically, we have been able to mitigate increases in these costs by reducing
our network bandwidth costs per unit and investing in internal-use software
development to improve the performance and efficiency of our network. Our total
bandwidth costs may increase in the future as a result of expected higher
traffic levels and serving more traffic from higher cost regions. We will need
to continue to effectively manage our bandwidth costs to maintain current levels
of profitability.
•Co-location costs are also a significant portion of our cost of revenue. By
improving our internal-use software and managing our hardware deployments to
enable us to use servers more efficiently, we have been able to manage the
growth of co-location costs. We expect to continue to scale our network in the
future and will need to continue to effectively manage our co-location costs to
maintain current levels of profitability.
•We expect to continue to manage our headcount and payroll costs in the future
to focus investments on certain areas of the business while maintaining
efficient operations in others. We expect to continue to hire employees in
support of our strategic initiatives, but do not expect overall headcount to
increase significantly in 2020. Our ability to hire new employees could be
negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
•Depreciation expense related to our network equipment also contributes to our
overall expense levels. During the second quarter of 2020, we accelerated our
purchases of servers and other equipment used in our network to help meet the
increased traffic demands arising during the COVID-19 pandemic and to make up
for supply chain issues we experienced in the first quarter. We expect to
continue to invest in our network in 2020, which will further increase our
capital expenditures and resulting depreciation expense. Due to the negative
effects the COVID-19 pandemic had on
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our supply chain and some of our network deployment operations, there may be
continued limitations on our ability to scale our network in the shorter term
and network equipment costs can rise due to limited supply from manufacturing
delays.
We report our revenue by division, which is a customer-focused reporting view
that reflects revenue from customers that are managed by the division. We report
our revenue in two divisions: the Web Division and the Media and Carrier
Division. As the purchasing patterns and required account expertise of customers
change over time, we may reassign a customer from one division to another. In
2020, we reassigned some of our customers between the Media and Carrier Division
and the Web Division and revised historical results in order to reflect the most
recent categorization and to provide a comparable view for all periods
presented.
Nearly all of our employees are working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
We have re-opened three smaller offices in Asia (one of which has re-closed) and
are continuously evaluating whether to re-open additional offices or re-close
others that have been re-opened. Our operations have not been significantly
disrupted by the shift to remote working, and we are not requiring employees
whose roles do not require in-person presence to perform their jobs to return to
offices before July 1, 2021 . While we expect to incur expenses associated with
enabling remote work and reconfiguring work spaces to ensure the safety and well
being of employees accessing our locations, we do not currently believe those
costs will materially impact our financial condition or results of operations.
In the near term, we expect to continue to rely on the use of online marketing
events and one-on-one web conferencing with customers to promote and sell our
solutions.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth, as a percentage of revenue, consolidated statements of income data for the periods indicated:
For the Three Months For the Six Months
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
Revenue 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %Costs and operating expenses: Cost of revenue (exclusive of amortization of acquired intangible assets shown below)
34.8 34.4 35.0 34.2
Research and development 8.1 8.7 8.7 9.0
Sales and marketing 15.5 19.2 15.9 18.5
General and administrative 16.3 17.0 16.5 17.2
Amortization of acquired intangible assets 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4
Restructuring (benefit) charge - 0.1 0.7 0.5
Total costs and operating expenses 76.0 80.8 78.1 80.8
Income from operations 24.0 19.2 21.9 19.2
Interest income 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.1
Interest expense (2.2) (1.2) (2.2) (1.5)
Other expense, net (0.2) (0.1) (0.4) -
Income before provision for income taxes 22.8 18.8 20.4 18.8
Provision for income taxes (2.3) (2.7) (2.1) (3.1)
Loss from equity method investment (0.1) - (0.1) -
Net income 20.4 % 16.1 % 18.2 % 15.7 %
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Revenue
Revenue by division during the periods presented was as follows (in thousands):
For the Three Months For the Six Months
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
% Change at % Change at
Constant Constant
2020 2019 % Change Currency 2020 2019 % Change Currency
Web Division $ 404,342 $ 377,558 7.1 % 8.3 % $ 810,337 $ 751,760 7.8 % 8.9 %
Media and Carrier
Division 390,373 327,516 19.2 20.1 748,680 659,822 13.5 14.4
Total revenue $ 794,715 $ 705,074 12.7 % 13.8 % $ 1,559,017 $ 1,411,582 10.4 % 11.5 %
During the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2020 , the increase in our
revenue as compared to the same periods in 2019 was primarily the result of
higher media traffic volumes due in part to the impact of the outbreak of
COVID-19 and continued strong growth in sales of our Cloud Security Solutions.
During the three-month period ended June 30, 2020 , our Cloud Security Solutions
revenue was $259.3 million as compared to $204.8 million during the three-month
period ended June 30, 2019 , which represents a 26.6% increase. During the
six-month period ended June 30, 2020 , our Cloud Security Solutions revenue was
$499.6 million , as compared to $394.9 million during the six-month period ended
June 30, 2019 , which represents a 26.5% increase. Cloud Security Solutions
revenue increased in both periods due to higher sales of solutions across our
security portfolio.
The increase in Web Division revenue during the three- and six-month periods
ended June 30, 2020 , as compared to the same periods in 2019, was primarily the
result of increased sales of both new and existing Cloud Security Solutions to
this customer base. Customers that are experiencing financial difficulties as a
result of the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically those in the commerce, retail and
travel and hospitality verticals, are primarily customers of our Web Division.
Web Division revenue was negatively impacted during the three- and six-month
periods ended June 30, 2020 as a result of the pandemic, and we anticipate this
trend to continue. It is, however, difficult to predict the length of time and
amount by which the Web Division will be impacted due to the uncertain nature of
the pandemic.
The increase in Media and Carrier Division revenue during the three- and
six-month periods ended
Revenue derived in theU.S. and internationally during the periods presented was as follows (in thousands): For the Three Months For the Six Months Ended June 30, Ended June 30, % Change at % Change at Constant Constant 2020 2019 % Change Currency 2020 2019 % Change Currency U.S.$ 443,668 $ 416,859 6.4 % 6.4 %$ 872,598 $ 835,059 4.5 % 4.5 % International 351,047 288,215 21.8 24.5 686,419 576,523 19.1 21.6 Total revenue$ 794,715 $ 705,074 12.7 % 13.8 %$ 1,559,017 $ 1,411,582 10.4 % 11.5 % For the three-month period endedJune 30, 2020 , approximately 44.2% of our revenue was derived from our operations located outside theU.S. , compared to 40.9% for the three-month period endedJune 30, 2019 . For the six-month period endedJune 30, 2020 , approximately 44.0% of our revenue was derived from our operations located outside theU.S. , compared to 40.8% for the six-month period endedJune 30, 2019 . No single country outside theU.S. accounted for 10% or more of revenue during either of these periods. During the three- and six-month periods endedJune 30, 2020 , we continued to see strong revenue growth from our operations in theAsia-Pacific region and steady revenue growth in our EMEA andLatin America regions. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates impacted our revenue by an unfavorable$7.6 million and$14.3 million during the three-and six-month periods endedJune 30, 2020 , respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2019. 29 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue consisted of the following for the periods presented (in thousands): For the Three Months For the Six Months Ended June 30, Ended June 30, 2020 2019 % Change 2020 2019 % Change Bandwidth fees$ 52,076 $ 42,193 23.4 %$ 97,856 $ 84,666 15.6 % Co-location fees 37,013 31,421 17.8 72,402 60,913 18.9 Network build-out and supporting services 33,296 23,397 42.3 63,857 46,108 38.5 Payroll and related costs 63,620 61,751 3.0 129,427 122,014 6.1 Stock-based compensation, including amortization of prior capitalized amounts 13,055 12,684 2.9 26,049 25,993 0.2 Depreciation of network equipment 38,806 29,394 32.0 75,203 59,562 26.3 Amortization of internal-use software 38,938 41,353 (5.8) 80,592 83,680 (3.7) Total cost of revenue$ 276,804 $ 242,193 14.3 %$ 545,386 $ 482,936 12.9 % As a percentage of revenue 34.8 % 34.4 % 35.0 % 34.2 % The increase in total cost of revenue for the three- and six-month periods endedJune 30, 2020 , as compared to the same periods in 2019, was primarily due to investments in our network to support current and anticipated future traffic growth, which resulted in increases to amounts paid for network build-out and supporting services, higher depreciation costs of our network equipment and increases to expenses related to our co-location facilities. Bandwidth fees also increased during this period due to growth in the amount of traffic served on our network. During 2020, we plan to continue to focus our efforts on managing our operating margins, including continuing to manage our bandwidth and co-location costs. We anticipate depreciation of network equipment to increase in 2020 due to increased investments in our network with the expectation that our customer base will continue to expand and that we will continue to deliver more traffic to existing customers.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consisted of the following for the periods
presented (in thousands):
For the Three Months For the Six Months
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2020 2019 % Change 2020 2019 % Change
Payroll and related costs $ 98,655 $ 94,492 4.4 % $ 201,476 $ 189,436 6.4 %
Stock-based compensation 11,549 12,044 (4.1) 23,614 24,101 (2.0)Capitalized salaries and related costs (48,957) (48,109)
1.8 (95,257) (91,468) 4.1
Other expenses 2,843 3,012 (5.6) 5,481 5,511 (0.5)
Total research and development
4.3 %$ 135,314 $ 127,580 6.1 % As a percentage of revenue 8.1 % 8.7 % 8.7 % 9.0 % The increase in research and development expenses during the three- and six-month periods endedJune 30, 2020 , as compared to the same periods in 2019, was primarily due to growth in payroll and related costs as a result of headcount growth to support investments in new product development and network scaling. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred, other than certain internal-use software development costs eligible for capitalization. Capitalized development costs consist of payroll and related costs for personnel and external consulting expenses involved in the development of internal-use software used to deliver our services and operate our network. We capitalized$9.4 million of stock-based compensation during each of the three-month periods endedJune 30, 2020 andJune 30, 2019 . During each of the six-month periods endedJune 30, 2020 andJune 30, 2019 , we capitalized$17.5 million of stock-based compensation. These capitalized internal-use software development costs are amortized to cost of revenue over 30 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents their estimated useful lives, which is generally two years, but can be up to seven years based on the software developed and its expected useful life.
We expect research and development costs to increase in 2020 as we maintain our focus on innovation; however, we do not expect these costs to increase as a percentage of revenue.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
Sales and marketing expenses consisted of the following for the periods
presented (in thousands):
For the Three Months For the Six Months
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2020 2019 % Change 2020 2019 % Change
Payroll and related costs $ 94,645 $ 92,126 2.7 % $ 188,239 $ 184,777 1.9 %
Stock-based compensation 16,011 15,740 1.7 31,746 30,790 3.1
Marketing programs and related costs 10,577 17,482 (39.5) 19,714 32,015 (38.4)
Other expenses 2,236 9,758 (77.1) 7,556 13,800 (45.2)
Total sales and marketing $ 123,469 $ 135,106 (8.6) % $ 247,255 $ 261,382 (5.4) %
As a percentage of revenue 15.5 % 19.2 % 15.9 % 18.5 %
The decrease in sales and marketing expenses during the three- and six-month
periods ended June 30, 2020 , as compared to the same periods in 2019, was
primarily due to the cancellation or postponement of certain marketing events as
a result of restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The decrease in
sales and marketing expenses during the three-month period ended June 30, 2020 ,
as compared to the same period in 2019, was also attributed to a decline in
other expenses as a result of travel restrictions due to COVID-19, which
resulted in decreased expenditures for airfare, lodging and other costs related
to in-person customer events and meetings.
During 2020, we expect sales and marketing expenses to decrease, as compared to
2019, as we continue to be impacted by COVID-19, which is limiting in-person
marketing events and customer meetings and eliminating the associated expenses.
These reductions could moderate to the extent restrictions related to the
pandemic are lifted. We also plan to continue to carefully manage costs in our
efforts to refine and optimize our go-to-market efforts and improve operating
margins.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses consisted of the following for the periods
presented (in thousands):
For the Three Months For the Six Months
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2020 2019 % Change 2020 2019 % Change
Payroll and related costs $ 49,475 $ 47,705 3.7 % $ 98,074 $ 97,356 0.7 %
Stock-based compensation 15,377 14,565 5.6 29,334 27,193 7.9
Depreciation and amortization 20,654 18,778 10.0 41,119 37,151 10.7
Facilities-related costs 23,898 21,042 13.6 48,570 42,065 15.5
Allowance for doubtful accounts 2,893 915 216.2 5,092 1,715 196.9
Acquisition-related costs 62 524 (88.2) 138 975 (85.8)
License of patent - (4,452) (100.0) - (8,855) (100.0)
Legal settlements 275 - 100.0 275 - 100.0
Professional fees and other expenses 17,075 21,039 (18.8) 34,468 45,351 (24.0)
Total general and administrative$ 129,709 $ 120,116 8.0 %$ 257,070 $ 242,951 5.8 % As a percentage of revenue 16.3 % 17.0 % 16.5 % 17.2 % 31
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents The increase in general and administrative expenses for the three- and six-month periods endedJune 30, 2020 , as compared to the same periods in 2019, was primarily due to expansion of company infrastructure throughout 2019, including moving into our new corporate headquarters inCambridge, Massachusetts , which increased facilities-related costs and depreciation and amortization. Additionally, the three- and six-month periods endedJune 30, 2019 included license patent fees received as a result of our litigation with Limelight Networks, Inc. that did not recur in 2020. The allowance for doubtful accounts has also increased during these periods in 2020 as a result of the estimated impact of COVID-19 on our customers' ability to pay. These increases in general and administrative expenses were partially offset by a decrease in amounts paid to professional service providers for advisory services provided in connection internal transformation programs designed to improve operating margins. Our general and administrative expenses can be categorized across three areas. Global functions expense includes payroll, stock-based compensation and other employee-related costs for administrative functions, including finance, purchasing, order entry, human resources, legal, information technology and executive personnel, as well as third-party professional service fees. Infrastructure expense includes payroll, stock-based compensation and other employee-related costs for our network infrastructure functions, as well as facility rent expense, depreciation and amortization of facility and IT-related assets, software and software-related costs, business insurance and taxes. Our network infrastructure function is responsible for network planning, sourcing, architecture evaluation and platform security. Other expense includes acquisition-related costs, allowance for doubtful accounts, legal settlements, transformation costs and the license of a patent. General and administrative expenses for the three- and six-month periods endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019 are broken out by category as follows (in thousands): For the Three Months For the Six Months Ended June 30, Ended June 30, 2020 2019 % Change 2020 2019 % Change Global functions$ 46,818 $ 49,462 (5.3) %$ 94,684 $ 98,930 (4.3) % As a percentage of revenue 5.9 % 7.0 % 6.1 % 7.0 % Infrastructure 79,677 72,332 10.2 156,897 144,659 8.5 As a percentage of revenue 10.0 % 10.3 % 10.1 % 10.2 % Other 3,214 (1,678) 291.5 5,489 (638) 960.3 Total general and administrative expenses$ 129,709 $ 120,116 8.0 %$ 257,070 $ 242,951 5.8 % As a percentage of revenue 16.3 % 17.0 % 16.5 % 17.2 %
During 2020, we plan to continue to focus our efforts on managing our operating margins and, in particular, assessing opportunities to reduce third-party spending and increase automation of manual tasks.
Amortization of Acquired Intangible Assets
For the Three Months For the Six Months
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
(in thousands) 2020 2019 % Change 2020 2019 % Change
Amortization of acquired
intangible assets $ 10,381 $ 9,648 7.6 % $ 20,815 $ 19,247 8.1 %
As a percentage of revenue 1.3 % 1.4 % 1.3 % 1.4 %
The increase in amortization of acquired intangible assets for the three- and
six-month periods ended June 30, 2020 , as compared to the same periods in 2019,
was the result of amortization of assets related to our recent acquisitions.
Based on our intangible assets at June 30, 2020 , we expect amortization of
acquired intangible assets to be approximately $21.1 million for the remainder
of 2020, and $43.0 million , $37.3 million , $28.9 million and $20.5 million for
2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024, respectively.
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Restructuring (Benefit) Charge
For the Three Months For the Six Months
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
(in thousands) 2020 2019 % Change 2020 2019 % Change
Restructuring (benefit) charge $ (167) $ 790 (121.1) % $ 10,418 $ 7,179 45.1 %
As a percentage of revenue - % 0.1 % 0.7 % 0.5 %
The restructuring (benefits) charges for the three- and six-month periods ended
June 30, 2020 were primarily the result of management actions initiated in the
fourth quarter of 2019 to focus on investments having the potential to
accelerate revenue growth. The restructuring charges relate to certain headcount
reductions and a $6.2 million impairment of a right-of-use asset related to the
exit of a leased facility. We do not expect material additional restructuring
charges related to these actions.
The restructuring charges for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30,
2019 were primarily the result of certain restructuring actions initiated in the
fourth quarter of 2018. Management's intention in implementing the restructuring
was to re-balance investments with the goal of improving long-term revenue
growth and scale. The restructuring charges primarily consist of costs
associated with headcount reductions. We do not expect significant additional
restructuring charges related to this action.
Non-Operating Income (Expense)
For the Three Months For the Six Months
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
(in thousands) 2020 2019 % Change 2020 2019 % Change
Interest income $ 9,502 $ 6,410 48.2 % $ 16,545 $ 15,045 10.0 %
As a percentage of revenue 1.2 % 0.9 % 1.1 % 1.1 %
Interest expense $ (17,249) $ (8,446) 104.2 % $ (34,454) $ (20,562) 67.6 %
As a percentage of revenue (2.2) % (1.2) % (2.2) % (1.5) %
Other expense, net $ (1,603) $ (578) 177.3 % $ (5,711) $ (67) 8,423.9 %
As a percentage of revenue (0.2) % (0.1) % (0.4) % - %
For the periods presented, interest income primarily consisted of interest
earned on invested cash balances and marketable securities. The increase in
interest income for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2020 , as
compared to the same periods in 2019, was primarily the result of higher cash
and marketable securities balances in 2020 as a result of proceeds from the
August 2019 issuance of $1,150.0 million in principal amount of convertible
senior notes due 2027.
Interest expense is related to our debt transactions, which are described in
Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements. The increase in interest
expense for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2020 , as compared to
the same periods in 2019, was due to the August 2019 issuance of $1,150.0
million in principle amount of convertible senior notes due 2027.
Other expense, net primarily represents net foreign exchange gains and losses
and other non-operating expense and income items. The fluctuation in other
expense, net for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2020 , as
compared to the same periods in 2019, is primarily due to the unfavorable impact
of changes in foreign exchange rates.
Provision for Income Taxes
For the Three Months For the Six Months
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
(in thousands) 2020 2019 % Change 2020 2019 % Change
Provision for income taxes $ (18,671) $(19,253) (3.0) % $ (32,963) $ (43,678) (24.5) %
As a percentage of revenue (2.3) % (2.7) % (2.1) % (3.1) %
Effective income tax rate (10.3) % (14.5) % (10.3) % (16.5) %
33-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents For the three- and six-month periods endedJune 30, 2020 , as compared to the same periods in 2019, our provision for income taxes decreased due to an increase in foreign income taxed at lower rates, an increase in the excess tax benefit related to stock-based compensation, a decrease in intercompany sales of intellectual property and a decrease in the valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets related to state tax credits. These amounts were partially offset by an increase in profitability. For the three- and six-month periods endedJune 30, 2020 , our effective income tax rate was lower than the federal statutory tax rate due to foreign income taxed at lower rates, the impact of the excess tax benefit related to stock-based compensation and the benefit ofU.S. federal, state and foreign research and development credits. These amounts were partially offset by the valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets related to state tax credits, non-deductible stock-based compensation and state taxes. For the three- and six-month periods endedJune 30, 2019 , our effective income tax rate was lower than the federal statutory tax rate due to foreign income taxed at lower rates, the impact of the excess tax benefit related to stock-based compensation and the benefit ofU.S. federal, state and foreign research and development credits. These amounts were partially offset by the valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets related to state tax credits, non-deductible executive compensation, state taxes and an intercompany sale of intellectual property. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, or CARES Act, was enacted onMarch 27, 2020 . The CARES Act did not have a material impact on the effective tax rate for the period endedJune 30, 2020 . We will continue to monitor further changes to the global legislative and regulatory developments enacted as a result of COVID-19. In determining our net deferred tax assets and valuation allowances, annualized effective income tax rates and cash paid for income taxes, management is required to make judgments and estimates about domestic and foreign profitability, the timing and extent of the utilization of net operating loss carryforwards, applicable tax rates, transfer pricing methodologies and tax planning strategies. Judgments and estimates related to our projections and assumptions are inherently uncertain; therefore, actual results could differ materially from our projections.
Loss from
For the Three Months For the Six Months
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
(in thousands) 2020 2019 % Change 2020 2019 % Change
Loss from equity method
investment $ (493) $ - (100.0) % $ (1,115) $ - (100.0) %
As a percentage of revenue (0.1) % - % (0.1) % - %
During 2019, we began recognizing our share of earnings from our investment with
Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group in a joint venture, Global Open Network, Inc. , or
GO-NET. GO-NET intends to operate a new blockchain-based online payment network.
For the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2020 , the losses recognized
reflect our share of the losses incurred by GO-NET. We expect to record
additional losses in 2020 and beyond as GO-NET continues executing on the early
stages of its business plan.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to providing financial measurements based on generally accepted accounting principles inthe United States of America , or GAAP, we provide additional financial metrics that are not prepared in accordance with GAAP, or non-GAAP financial measures. Management uses non-GAAP financial measures, in addition to GAAP financial measures, to understand and compare operating results across accounting periods, for financial and operational decision making, for planning and forecasting purposes, to measure executive compensation and to evaluate our financial performance. These non-GAAP financial measures are non-GAAP income from operations, non-GAAP operating margin, non-GAAP net income, non-GAAP net income per share, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin, capital expenditures and impact of foreign currency exchange rates, as discussed below. Management believes that these non-GAAP financial measures reflect our ongoing business in a manner that allows for meaningful comparisons and analysis of trends in the business, as they facilitate comparison of financial results across accounting periods and to those of our peer companies. Management also believes that these non-GAAP financial measures 34 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents enable investors to evaluate our operating results and future prospects in the same manner as management. These non-GAAP financial measures may exclude expenses and gains that may be unusual in nature, infrequent or not reflective of our ongoing operating results.
The non-GAAP financial measures do not replace the presentation of our GAAP financial measures and should only be used as a supplement to, not as a substitute for, our financial results presented in accordance with GAAP.
The non-GAAP adjustments, and our basis for excluding them from non-GAAP financial measures, are outlined below:
•Amortization of acquired intangible assets - We have incurred amortization of intangible assets, included in our GAAP financial statements, related to various acquisitions we have made. The amount of an acquisition's purchase price allocated to intangible assets and term of its related amortization can vary significantly and is unique to each acquisition; therefore, we exclude amortization of acquired intangible assets from our non-GAAP financial measures to provide investors with a consistent basis for comparing pre- and post-acquisition operating results. •Stock-based compensation and amortization of capitalized stock-based compensation - Although stock-based compensation is an important aspect of the compensation paid to our employees, the grant date fair value varies based on the stock price at the time of grant, varying valuation methodologies, subjective assumptions and the variety of award types. This makes the comparison of our current financial results to previous and future periods difficult to interpret; therefore, we believe it is useful to exclude stock-based compensation and amortization of capitalized stock-based compensation from our non-GAAP financial measures in order to highlight the performance of our core business and to be consistent with the way many investors evaluate our performance and compare our operating results to peer companies. •Acquisition-related costs - Acquisition-related costs include transaction fees, advisory fees, due diligence costs and other direct costs associated with strategic activities. In addition, subsequent adjustments to our initial estimated amounts of contingent consideration and indemnification associated with specific acquisitions are included within acquisition-related costs. These amounts are impacted by the timing and size of the acquisitions. We exclude acquisition-related costs from our non-GAAP financial measures to provide a useful comparison of our operating results to prior periods and to our peer companies because such amounts vary significantly based on the magnitude of our acquisition transactions and do not reflect our core operations. •Restructuring charges - We have incurred restructuring charges that are included in our GAAP financial statements, primarily related to workforce reductions and charges associated with exiting facility lease commitments. We exclude these items from our non-GAAP financial measures when evaluating our continuing business performance as such items vary significantly based on the magnitude of the restructuring action and do not reflect expected future operating expenses. In addition, these charges do not necessarily provide meaningful insight into the fundamentals of current or past operations of our business. •Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs and amortization of capitalized interest expense - InAugust 2019 , we issued$1,150 million of convertible senior notes due 2027 with a coupon interest rate of 0.375%. InMay 2018 , we issued$1,150 million of convertible senior notes due 2025 with a coupon interest rate of 0.125%. InFebruary 2014 , we issued$690 million of convertible senior notes due 2019 with a coupon interest rate of 0%. The imputed interest rates of these convertible senior notes were 3.10%, 4.26% and 3.20%, respectively. This is a result of the debt discounts recorded for the conversion features that are required to be separately accounted for as equity under GAAP, thereby reducing the carrying values of the convertible debt instruments. The debt discounts are amortized as interest expense together with the issuance costs of the debt. The interest expense excluded from our non-GAAP results is comprised of these non-cash components and is excluded from management's assessment of our operating performance because management believes the non-cash expense is not representative of ongoing operating performance. •Gains and losses on investments - We have recorded gains and losses from the disposition, changes to fair value and impairment of certain investments. We believe excluding these amounts from our non-GAAP financial measures is useful to investors as the types of events giving rise to them are not representative of our core business operations and ongoing operating performance.
•Legal settlements - We have incurred losses related to the settlement of legal matters. We believe excluding
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these amounts from our non-GAAP financial measures is useful to investors as the
types of events giving rise to them are not representative of our core business
operations.
•Transformation costs - We have incurred professional services fees associated
with internal transformation programs designed to improve operating margins and
that are part of a planned program intended to significantly change the manner
in which business is conducted. We believe excluding these amounts from our
non-GAAP financial measures is useful to investors as the types of events and
activities giving rise to them occur infrequently and are not representative of
our core business operations and ongoing operating performance.
•Income and losses from equity method investment - We record income or losses on
our share of earnings and losses of our equity method investment. We exclude
such income and losses because we lack control over the operations of the
investment and the related income and losses are not representative of our core
business operations.
•Income tax effect of non-GAAP adjustments and certain discrete tax items - The
non-GAAP adjustments described above are reported on a pre-tax basis. The income
tax effect of non-GAAP adjustments is the difference between GAAP and non-GAAP
income tax expense. Non-GAAP income tax expense is computed on non-GAAP pre-tax
income (GAAP pre-tax income adjusted for non-GAAP adjustments) and excludes
certain discrete tax items (such as recording or releasing of valuation
allowances), if any. We believe that applying the non-GAAP adjustments and their
related income tax effect allows us to highlight income attributable to our core
operations.
The following table reconciles GAAP income from operations to non-GAAP income
from operations and non-GAAP operating margin for the periods presented (in
thousands):
For the Three Months For the Six Months
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
Income from operations $ 190,429
10,381 9,648 20,815 19,247
Stock-based compensation 49,191 48,142 96,684 93,447
Amortization of capitalized stock-based compensation and capitalized interest expense
8,038 8,050 16,627 17,283
Restructuring (benefit) charge (167) 790 10,418 7,179
Acquisition-related costs 62 524 138 975
Legal settlements 275 - 275 -
Transformation costs - 1,336 - 5,527
Non-GAAP income from operations $ 258,209
GAAP operating margin 24 % 19 % 22 % 19 %
Non-GAAP operating margin 32 % 29 % 31 % 29 %
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The following table reconciles GAAP net income to non-GAAP net income for the
periods presented (in thousands):
For the Three Months For the Six Months
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
Net income $ 161,915
10,381 9,648 20,815 19,247
Stock-based compensation 49,191 48,142 96,684 93,447
Amortization of capitalized stock-based compensation and capitalized interest expense
8,038 8,050 16,627 17,283
Restructuring (benefit) charge (167) 790 10,418 7,179
Acquisition-related costs 62 524 138 975
Legal settlements 275 - 275 -
Transformation costs - 1,336 - 5,527
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs 15,677 8,010 31,310 19,628
Loss (gain) on investments - 250 - (440)
Loss from equity method investment 493 - 1,115 -
Income tax effect of above non-GAAP adjustments and certain
discrete tax items (19,347) (14,454) (39,792) (26,758)
Non-GAAP net income $ 226,518 $ 176,211 $ 422,651 $ 357,133
The following table reconciles GAAP net income per diluted share to non-GAAP net
income per diluted share for the periods presented (in thousands, except per
share data):
For the Three Months For the Six Months
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
GAAP net income per diluted share $ 0.98 $ 0.69 $ 1.74 $ 1.34
Amortization of acquired intangible assets 0.06 0.06 0.13 0.12
Stock-based compensation 0.30 0.29 0.59 0.57
Amortization of capitalized stock-based compensation and capitalized interest expense
0.05 0.05 0.10 0.10
Restructuring (benefit) charge - - 0.06 0.04
Acquisition-related costs - - - 0.01
Legal settlements - - - -
Transformation costs - 0.01 - 0.03
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs 0.10 0.05 0.19 0.12
Loss (gain) on investments - - - -
Loss from equity method investment - - 0.01 -
Income tax effect of above non-GAAP adjustments and certain discrete tax items
(0.12) (0.09) (0.24) (0.16)
Adjustment for shares(1) 0.01 - 0.01 -
Non-GAAP net income per diluted share (2) $ 1.38 $ 1.07 $ 2.58 $ 2.17
Shares used in GAAP diluted per share calculations 164,768 165,019 164,226 164,903
Impact of benefit from note hedge transactions(1) (653) - (326) -
Shares used in non-GAAP diluted per share calculations(1) 164,115
165,019 163,900 164,903
37-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents (1) Shares used in non-GAAP diluted per calculations have been adjusted for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2020 , for the benefit of our note hedge transactions. During the three months endedJune 30, 2020 , our average stock price was in excess of$95.10 , which is the initial conversion price of our convertible senior notes due in 2025. See further discussion below.
(2) Amounts may not foot due to rounding
Non-GAAP net income per diluted share is calculated as non-GAAP net income divided by diluted weighted average common shares outstanding. GAAP diluted weighted average common shares outstanding are adjusted in non-GAAP per share calculations for the shares that would be delivered to us pursuant to the note hedge transactions entered into in connection with the issuance of our convertible senior notes. Under GAAP, shares delivered under hedge transactions are not considered offsetting shares in the fully-diluted share calculation until they are delivered. However, we would receive a benefit from the note hedge transactions and would not allow the dilution to occur, so management believes that adjusting for this benefit provides a meaningful view of net income per share. Unless our weighted average stock price is greater than$95.10 , the initial conversion price of the convertible senior notes due 2025, or$116.18 , the initial conversion price of the convertible senior notes due 2027, there will be no difference between our GAAP and non-GAAP diluted weighted average common shares outstanding. We consider Adjusted EBITDA to be another important indicator of the operational strength and performance of our business and a good measure of our historical operating trends. Adjusted EBITDA eliminates items that we do not consider to be part of our core operations. We define Adjusted EBITDA as GAAP net income excluding the following items: interest income; income taxes; depreciation and amortization of tangible and intangible assets; stock-based compensation; amortization of capitalized stock-based compensation; acquisition-related costs; restructuring charges; transformation costs; foreign exchange gains and losses; interest expense; amortization of capitalized interest expense; certain gains and losses on investments; gains and losses from equity method investments; and other non-recurring or unusual items that may arise from time to time. Adjusted EBITDA margin represents Adjusted EBITDA stated as a percentage of revenue.
The following table reconciles GAAP net income to Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin for the periods presented (in thousands):
For the Three Months For the Six Months
Ended June 30, Ended June 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
Net income $ 161,915 $ 113,915 $ 285,061 $ 221,045
Interest income (9,502) (6,410) (16,545) (15,045)
Provision for income taxes 18,671 19,253 32,963 43,678
Depreciation and amortization 97,163 88,367 194,348 177,740
Amortization of capitalized stock-based compensation and capitalized interest expense
8,038 8,050 16,627 17,283
Amortization of acquired intangible assets 10,381 9,648 20,815 19,247
Stock-based compensation 49,191 48,142 96,684 93,447
Restructuring (benefit) charge (167) 790 10,418 7,179
Acquisition-related costs 62 524 138 975
Legal settlements 275 - 275 -
Transformation costs - 1,336 - 5,527
Interest expense 17,249 8,446 34,454 20,562
Loss (gain) on investments - 250 - (440)
Loss from equity method investment 493 - 1,115 -
Other expense, net 1,603 328 5,711 507
Adjusted EBITDA $ 355,372 $ 292,639 $ 682,064 $ 591,705
Adjusted EBITDA margin 45 % 42 % 44 % 42 %
38-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Impact of Foreign Currency Exchange Rates Revenue and earnings from our international operations have historically been important contributors to our financial results. Consequently, our financial results have been impacted, and management expects they will continue to be impacted, by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. For example, when the local currencies of our foreign subsidiaries weaken, generally our consolidated results stated inU.S. dollars are negatively impacted. Because exchange rates are a meaningful factor in understanding period-to-period comparisons, management believes the presentation of the impact of foreign currency exchange rates on revenue and earnings enhances the understanding of our financial results and evaluation of performance in comparison to prior periods. The dollar impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates presented is calculated by translating current period results using monthly average foreign currency exchange rates from the comparative period and comparing them to the reported amount. The percentage change at constant currency presented is calculated by comparing the prior period amounts as reported and the current period amounts translated using the same monthly average foreign currency exchange rates from the comparative period.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
To date, we have financed our operations primarily through public and private sales of debt and equity securities and cash generated by operations. As ofJune 30, 2020 , our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, which primarily consisted of corporate bonds, totaled$2.4 billion . Factoring in the$2.3 billion in principal amount of convertible senior notes we have outstanding, our net cash atJune 30, 2020 was$91.4 million . We place our cash investments in instruments that meet high-quality credit standards, as specified in our investment policy. Our investment policy is also designed to limit the amount of our credit exposure to any one issue or issuer and seeks to manage these assets to achieve our goals of preserving principal and maintaining adequate liquidity at all times. Changes in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities are dependent upon changes in, among other things, working capital items such as accounts receivable, deferred revenues, accounts payable and various accrued expenses, as well as changes in our capital and financial structure due to common stock repurchases, debt repayments and issuances, purchases and sales of marketable securities and similar events. We do not expect events related to the outbreak of COVID-19 to have a material impact to our liquidity in the near term; however, some of our customers may be unable to pay us for our services or may be unable to remit payments in a timely manner due to financial stresses the outbreak may have caused them. We believe that, particularly in situations like these, our strong balance sheet and cash position are important competitive differentiators that provide the financial stability and flexibility to enable us to continue to make investments at opportune times. As ofJune 30, 2020 , we had cash and cash equivalents of$361.9 million held in accounts outside theU.S. TheU.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act establishes a territorial tax system in theU.S. , which provides companies with the potential ability to repatriate earnings with minimalU.S. federal income tax impact. As a result, our liquidity is not materially impacted by the amount of cash and cash equivalents held in accounts outside theU.S.
Cash Provided by Operating Activities
For the Six Months
Ended June 30,
(in thousands) 2020 2019
Net income $ 285,061 $ 221,045 Non-cash reconciling items included in net income 385,980 353,133
Changes in operating assets and liabilities (149,107) (95,399)
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 521,934 $478,779
The increase in cash provided by operating activities for the six-month period endedJune 30, 2020 , as compared to the same period in 2019, was primarily due to increased profitability and lower cash paid for taxes in 2020. The increase was partially offset by the timing of payments from customers. 39 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Cash Used in Investing Activities For the Six Months Ended June 30, (in thousands) 2020 2019
Cash received (paid) for business acquisition, net of cash acquired $
106$ (121,409) Cash paid for asset acquisition (36,376) - Cash paid for equity method investment - (36,008)
Purchases of property and equipment and capitalization of internal-use software development costs
(335,668) (275,778)
Net marketable securities activity 171,484 257,772
Other investing activity 79 2,237
Net cash used in investing activities $
(200,375)
The increase in cash used in investing activities during the six-month period endedJune 30, 2020 , as compared to the same period in 2019, was driven by increased investments of property and equipment to support our network growth due to continued expansion of our customer base while continuing to deliver more traffic to our existing customers. The increase was partially offset by higher net proceeds from our marketable securities in 2019, since we did not reinvest some of the proceeds from maturities in order to repay our$690 million convertible senior notes, which were repaid onFebruary 15, 2019 . The increase was also partially offset by cash paid for business acquisitions in 2019 for our acquisition ofJanrain, Inc.
Cash Used in Financing Activities
For the Six Months
Ended June 30,
(in thousands) 2020 2019
Activity related to convertible senior notes $ -
Activity related to stock-based compensation (34,125) (21,184)
Repurchases of common stock (107,880) (116,247)
Other financing activities - (1,558)
Net cash used in financing activities $ (142,005) $ (828,989)
Cash used in financing activities decreased during the six-month period endedJune 30, 2020 , as compared to the same period in 2019, due to the repayment of$690 million in convertible senior notes that were due inFebruary 2019 . EffectiveNovember 2018 , our Board of Directors authorized a$1.1 billion share repurchase program throughDecember 2021 . Our goals for the share repurchase program are to offset the dilution created by our employee equity compensation programs and provide the flexibility to return capital to shareholders as business and market conditions warrant. During the six-month period endedJune 30, 2020 , we repurchased 1.1 million shares of common stock at a weighted average price of$94.39 per share for an aggregate of$107.9 million . As ofJune 30, 2020 ,$657.6 million remains available for future share repurchases. The timing and amount of any future share repurchases will be determined by our management based on its evaluation of market conditions and other factors.
Convertible Senior Notes
InAugust 2019 , we issued$1,150.0 million in principal amount of convertible senior notes due 2027 and entered into related convertible note hedge and warrant transactions. We intend to use the net proceeds of the offering for share repurchases, working capital and general corporate purposes, including potential acquisitions and other strategic transactions. InMay 2018 , we issued$1,150.0 million in principal amount of convertible senior notes due 2025 and entered into related convertible note hedge and warrant transactions. We used a portion of the net proceeds to repay at maturity all of our$690.0 million outstanding aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes due in 2019. 40 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents InFebruary 2014 , we issued$690.0 million in principal amount of convertible senior notes due 2019 and entered into related convertible note hedge and warrant transactions. We repaid the full principal amount due in cash inFebruary 2019 , as the notes matured and no conversions occurred. The terms of the notes and hedge transactions are discussed more fully in Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Revolving Credit Facility InMay 2018 , we entered into a$500.0 million , five-year revolving credit agreement, or the Credit Agreement. Borrowings under the facility may be used to finance working capital needs and for general corporate purposes. The facility provides for an initial$500.0 million in revolving loans. Under specified circumstances, the facility can be increased to up to$1.0 billion in aggregate principal amount. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest, at our option, at a base rate plus a spread of 0.00% to 0.25% or an adjusted LIBOR rate plus a spread of 0.875% to 1.25%, in each case with such spread being determined based on our consolidated leverage ratio specified in the Credit Agreement. Regardless of what amounts, if any, are outstanding under the Credit Agreement, we are also obligated to pay an ongoing commitment fee on undrawn amounts at a rate of 0.075% to 0.15%, with such rate being based on our consolidated leverage ratio specified in the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants, and events of default. Principal covenants include a maximum consolidated leverage ratio and a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio. There were no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement as ofJune 30, 2020 .
Liquidity Outlook
Based on our present business plan, we expect our current cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities balances and our forecasted cash flows from operations to be sufficient to meet our foreseeable cash needs for at least the next 12 months. Our foreseeable cash needs, in addition to our recurring operating costs, include our expected capital expenditures, investments in information technology, opportunistic business acquisitions, anticipated share repurchases, lease and purchase commitments and settlements of other long-term liabilities.
Contractual Obligations
Our principal commitments consist of service agreements with various vendors for bandwidth usage, obligations under leases with co-location facilities for data center capacity, obligations under leases for office space and open vendor purchase orders. Our minimum commitments related to bandwidth usage and co-location leases may vary from period to period depending on the timing and length of contract renewals with our vendors. As ofJune 30, 2020 , there have been no significant changes in our future non-cancelable minimum payments under these commitments from those reported in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 , other than normal period-to-period variations.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have entered into indemnification agreements with third parties, including vendors, customers, landlords, our officers and directors, shareholders of acquired companies, joint venture partners and third parties to which we license technology. Generally, these indemnification agreements require us to reimburse losses suffered by a third party due to various events, such as lawsuits arising from patent or copyright infringement or our negligence. These indemnification obligations are considered off-balance sheet arrangements in accordance with the authoritative guidance for guarantor's accounting and disclosure requirements for guarantees, including indirect guarantees of indebtedness of others. See also Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 for further discussion of these indemnification agreements. The fair value of guarantees issued or modified during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 was determined to be immaterial.
As of
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates
See Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for information regarding recent and newly adopted accounting pronouncements. See also Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 . There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies and estimates from those reported in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 .
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