BIOMERICA, INC. You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report and the audited consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year endedMay 31, 2022 (our 2022 Annual Report). This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that are based on our management's current beliefs and assumptions, which statements are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed in "Risk Factors" included in Part I, Item 1A of our 2022 Annual Report. OVERVIEWBiomerica, Inc. and its subsidiaries (which includes wholly-owned subsidiaries,Biomerica de Mexico and BioEurope GmbH ) is a biomedical technology company that develops, patents, manufactures and markets advanced diagnostic and therapeutic products used at the point-of-care (physicians' offices and over-the-counter through drugstores and online) and in hospital/clinical laboratories for detection and/or treatment of medical conditions and diseases. Our diagnostic test kits are used to analyze blood, urine, nasal or fecal material from patients in the diagnosis of various diseases, food intolerances and other medical complications, or to measure the level of specific hormones, antibodies, antigens or other substances, which may exist in the human body in extremely small concentrations. The Company's products are designed to enhance the health and well-being of people, while reducing total healthcare costs. Our primary focus is the research, development, commercialization and in certain cases regulatory approval, of patented, diagnostic-guided therapy ("DGT") products based on our InFoods® Technology platform that treat gastrointestinal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome, and other inflammatory diseases. These InFoods® based products are directed at chronic inflammatory illnesses that are widespread and common, and as such address very large markets. The first product we are launching using this patented InFoods Technology is our InFoods® IBS product which uses a simple blood sample and is designed to identify patient-specific foods that, when removed from the diet, may alleviate IBS symptoms such as pain, bloating, diarrhea, cramping and constipation. Instead of broad and difficult to manage dietary restrictions, the InFoods® IBS product works by identifying a patient's above normal immunoreactivity to specific foods. A food identified as positive and causing an abnormal immune response in the patient is simply removed from the diet to help alleviate IBS symptoms. We are currently in discussions with key gastroenterology (GI) physician groups who are interested in offering this product to their patients. As such, we are expecting to begin generating revenues from the launch of our InFoods® IBS product during our fiscal third quarter. During fiscal 2022, we completed an endpoint determination clinical trial on our InFoods® IBS product. This trial was conducted at theMayo Clinic centers inFlorida andArizona ,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Inc. , aHarvard Medical School Teaching Hospital ,University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston Methodist, theUniversity of Michigan , and other institutions. This trial monitored IBS patients over an 8-week period to determine the efficacy of our InFoods® IBS product to improve the patients' IBS symptoms or endpoints. The top-line trial results were reported inFebruary 2022 . Multiple endpoints demonstrated statistically significant improvements, indicating that the elimination of specific foods may meaningfully reduce the symptoms of IBS in all patient subtypes (including patients with IBS-Constipation, IBS-Diarrhea & IBS-Mixed). The greatest clinical improvements, including but not limited to abdominal pain and bloating, were seen in patients diagnosed with IBS-Mixed and IBS-Constipation, in the top line data. The purpose of the endpoint study was to validate efficacy, and determine the primary symptom endpoint, or endpoints to be used in a final pivotal trial that will be conducted to attain the validation data needed to apply forU.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") clearance for the product. We are now in the process of reviewing the complete dataset and selecting the target endpoint(s) to be used in the pivotal trial. We are also preparing the protocols for this trial and expect to present these protocols to the FDA during fiscal 2023, with the intention of beginning the trial byJune 30, 2023 . The trial is expected to include the large medical institution participants that conducted the endpoint trial, in addition to other new institutions and a clinical research organization. 13
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Following the successful completion and positive results from the Company's InFoods® IBS clinical trial, we've seen significant interest from Gastroenterology (GI) physicians who would like to provide the InFoods® IBS Product to their patients immediately. Therefore, while we are proceeding with the work needed to seek FDA clearance for this product, we also are currently preparing to launch the InFoods® IBS product through a CLIA-certified, high-complexity laboratory facility that will be offering the product as a laboratory developed test (LDT). Our expectation is that we will begin to generate revenues from this product during our fiscal third quarter. In preparation for the launch of this LDT, we are in negotiations with large physician groups that would like to offer the LDT to their IBS patients. We are also beginning the work of selecting and validating at least one new disease (such as ulcerative colitis or migraines), where there is evidence that certain foods can trigger or contribute to the symptoms found in these indications. We expect any new disease we target will follow a similar development pathway as InFoods IBS in simultaneously seeking FDA clearance of the product while also initially launching the product as an LDT. We will also continue to evaluate partnership/licensing opportunities, as they arise, withU.S. and multinational companies that could help us commercialize the InFoods products in theU.S and overseas. Our existing medical diagnostic products are sold worldwide primarily in two markets: 1) clinical laboratories and 2) point-of-care (physicians' offices and over-the-counter drugstores like Walmart and Walgreens). The diagnostic test kits are used to analyze blood, urine, nasal or fecal specimens from patients in the diagnosis of various diseases, food intolerances and other medical complications, by measuring or detecting the existence and/or level of specific bacteria, hormones, antibodies, antigens, or other substances, which may exist in a patient's body, stools, or blood, often in extremely small concentrations. During fiscal 2022, we finalized development of our H. Pylori diagnostic test that indicates if a patient is infected with the H. Pylori bacteria. H. Pylori infection is extremely common, and if left untreated, can lead to ulcers and possibly stomach cancers. During our fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, we applied for FDA clearance of this product though a 510(k) premarket submission. We have been in communications with the FDA answering certain follow-up questions and providing additional data as requested. We are currently awaiting FDA clearance of the product. Once cleared, we will begin marketing the product in the U.S. market. Due to the global 2019 SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus pandemic, inMarch 2020 we began developing COVID-19 products to indicate if a person has been infected by COVID-19 or is currently infected. While we initially offered a COVID-19 antibody diagnostic test to determine if a person has previously been infected by the COVID-19 virus, all our COVID-19 revenues in fiscal 2022 and 2023 have come from international sales of our COVID-19 antigen tests that use a patient's nasal fluid sample to detect if the patient is currently infected with the virus. Due to falling demand, less than 12% of our revenues during the three months endedAugust 31, 2022 were from sales of our COVID-19 related products.
While limited sales continue to occur in our COVID-19 products, virtually all our research and development efforts are focused on development and commercialization of non-COVID-19 related products such as our H. Pylori product, and our InFoods® IBS product.
Our non-COVID-19 products that accounted for over 88% of our revenues during the three months endedAugust 31, 2022 , are primarily focused on gastrointestinal diseases, food intolerances, and certain esoteric tests. These diagnostic test products utilize immunoassay technology. Most of our products are CE marked and/or sold for diagnostic use where they are registered by each country's regulatory agency. In addition, some products are cleared for sale inthe United States by the FDA. 14
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Table of Contents RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Three months ended
The following is a breakdown of revenues according to markets to which the
products are sold:
Three Months Ended August 31, Increase (Decrease)
2022 2021 $ %
Clinical lab $ 1,146,000 $ 886,000 $ 260,000 29%
Over-the-counter 213,000 79,000 134,000 170%
Physician's office 183,000 257,000 (74,000) -29%
Contract Manufacturing 95,000 40,000 55,000 138%
Total $ 1,637,000 $ 1,262,000 $ 375,000 30%
Consolidated net sales were approximately $1,637,000 for the three months ended
August 31, 2022 , as compared to $1,262,000 for the three months ended August 31,
2021 , an increase of approximately $375,000 , or 30%. This increase for the three
months ended August 31, 2022 , was driven primarily by demand for our clinical
lab products in Asia and OTC products in the United States . Periodic and
infrequent orders may cause volatility in quarterly sales.
Consolidated cost of sales were approximately $1,692,000 , or 103% of net sales,
for the three months ended August 31, 2022 , as compared to $1,351,000 , or 107%
of net sales, for the three months ended August 31, 2021 , an increase of
approximately $342,000 , or 25%. The increase for the three months ended August
31, 2022 , was driven primarily by an increase in volume of our food intolerance
product and product cost inflation.
Operating Expenses
The following is a summary of operating expenses:
Three Months Ended August 31,
2023 2022 Increase (Decrease)
Operating Expense As a % of Total Revenues Operating Expense As a % of Total Revenues $
%
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses $ 1,654,000 101% $ 1,070,000 85% $ 584,000 55%
Research and Development $ 361,000 22% $ 381,000 30% $ (20,000) -5%
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses were approximately$1,654,000 for the three months endedAugust 31, 2022 , as compared to$1,070,000 for the three months endedAugust 31, 2021 , an increase of approximately$584,000 , or 55%. The increase in the three months endedAugust 31, 2022 , was primarily due to approximate increases in bad debt expense of$300,000 , compensation of$73,000 , and legal expense of$65,000 . Research and Development Consolidated research and development expenses were approximately$361,000 for the three months endedAugust 31, 2022 , as compared to$381,000 for the three months endedAugust 31, 2021 , a decrease of approximately$20,000 , or 5%. The decrease in the three months endedAugust 31, 2022 , was primarily due to a reduction in COVID-19 research. Interest and Dividend Income Interest and dividend income were approximately$0 for the three months endedAugust 31, 2022 , as compared to$7,000 for the three months endedAugust 31, 2021 , a decrease of$7,000 , or 100%. The$7,000 decrease was due to lower dividend payment from our investment.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The following are the principal sources of liquidity:
August 31, 2022 May 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents $ 6,075,000
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As ofAugust 31, 2022 andMay 31, 2022 , the Company had cash and cash equivalents of approximately$6,075,000 and$5,917,000 , respectively. As ofAugust 31, 2022 andMay 31, 2022 , the Company had working capital of approximately$7,410,000 and$7,416,000 , respectively. We believe that the aggregate of our existing cash and cash equivalents is sufficient to meet our operating cash requirements and strategic objectives for growth for at least the next year. To satisfy our capital requirements beyond the next year, including ongoing future operations, we may seek to raise additional financing through debt and equity financings, including use of our ATM offering. Operating Activities During the three months endedAugust 31, 2022 , cash used in operating activities was approximately$1,573,000 . The primary factors that contributed to this was a loss of approximately$2,072,000 , non-cash expenses of$766,000 , primarily associated with stock-based compensation, account receivables provision, and inventory reserves. This was partially offset by changes in asset and liability accounts of$(267,000) . During the three months endedAugust 31, 2021 , cash provided by operating activities was approximately$76,000 . The primary factors that contributed to this was a loss of approximately$1,543,000 , non-cash expenses of$502,000 , primarily associated with stock-based compensation and inventory reserves. In addition, we benefited from a decrease in accounts receivable of$778,000 , and changes in other asset and liability accounts of$339,000 . Investing Activities
During the three months ended
During the three months ended
Financing Activities
During the three months ended
During the three months ended
OFF BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
There were no off-balance sheet arrangements as of
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted inthe United States of America requires us to make a number of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Such estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We continue to monitor significant estimates made during the preparation of our financial statements. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate estimates and assumptions based upon historical experience and various other factors and circumstances. We believe our estimates and assumptions are reasonable under the current conditions; however, actual results may differ from these estimates under different future conditions. We believe that the estimates and assumptions that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations, in that they require subjective or complex judgments, form the basis for the accounting policies deemed to be most critical to us. These relate to revenue recognition, bad debts, inventory overhead application, inventory reserves, lease liabilities and right-of-use assets. We believe estimates and assumptions related to these critical accounting policies are appropriate under the circumstances; however, should future events or occurrences result in unanticipated consequences, there could be a material impact on our future financial conditions or results of operations. We suggest that our significant accounting policies be read in conjunction with this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Please refer to Note 2 for information on Significant Accounting Policies. Our critical accounting policies are discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year endedMay 31, 2022 . 16
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