General
We are an independent oil and natural gas exploration and production company operating properties exclusively withinCalifornia . We are incorporated inDelaware and became a publicly traded company onDecember 1, 2014 . Except when the context otherwise requires or where otherwise indicated, all references to ''CRC,'' the ''company,'' ''we,'' ''us'' and ''our'' refer toCalifornia Resources Corporation and its subsidiaries.
Business Environment and Industry Outlook
Our operating results and those of the oil and gas industry as a whole are heavily influenced by commodity prices. Oil and gas prices and differentials may fluctuate significantly as a result of numerous market-related variables, especially given current global geopolitical and economic conditions. These and other factors make it impossible to predict realized prices reliably. Prices for oil and gas products in the first quarter of 2020 and in subsequent months have been strongly influenced by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and by the actions of foreign producers. The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented demand collapse related to the shelter-in-place orders, travel restrictions and general economic uncertainty, which negatively impacted crude oil prices. In the midst of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, members of theOrganization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC and together withRussia and other allied producing countries, OPEC+) andRussia did not extend existing oil production cuts expiring onApril 1, 2020 , andSaudi Arabia andRussia announced significant increases in crude oil production. The unprecedented dual impact of a severe global oil demand decline due to the COVID-19 pandemic repercussions coupled with a substantial increase in supply fromSaudi Arabia andRussia resulted in a collapse in crude oil prices. Reduced demand caused shortages in available storage facilities globally and required many oil and gas producers to shut in wells or curtail production. InApril 2020 , oil prices continued to decline precipitously temporarily reaching negative values for spot WTI crude. InMay 2020 , oil prices began to recover as producers across the world, includingOPEC ,Russia ,the United States and others started cutting their production levels sharply and announced significant capital reductions, and an easing of shelter-in-place restrictions created partial demand recovery. However, the current futures forward curve for Brent crude indicates that prices may continue at relatively lower prices for an extended period of time. We continue to closely monitor the impact of COVID-19, which negatively impacted our business and results of operations in the first quarter of 2020. In addition to lower average realized prices for the quarter and related negative impact to our liquidity, the sharp drop in commodity prices at the end of the first quarter of 2020 also resulted in an impairment charge of$1.7 billion for the first quarter. The lower commodity prices have continued into the second quarter and are currently expected to remain depressed for an extended period of time based on current futures curves. The extent to which our total year operating results will be impacted by the pandemic will depend largely on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted, including new information that may emerge concerning the severity of the pandemic and actions taken by government authorities to contain the pandemic or actions taken by other producers in response to commodity prices movements, among other things. See Part II, Item 1A - Risk Factors, below for further discussion regarding the impact of the pandemic and declines in commodity prices. The following table presents the average daily Brent, WTI and NYMEX prices for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 and 2019 and for the months of April andMay 2020 : Three months ended Month ended Month ended May March 31, April 30, 31, 2020 2019 2020 2020 Brent oil ($/Bbl)$ 50.96 $ 63.90 $ 26.63 $ 32.41 WTI oil ($/Bbl)$ 46.17 $ 54.90 $ 16.70 $ 28.53 NYMEX gas ($/MMBtu)$ 2.05 $ 3.24 $
1.73 $ 1.76
Note: Bbl refers to a barrel; MMBtu refers to one million British Thermal Units.
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Going Concern Analysis and Recent Developments
Our spin-off from Occidental Petroleum Corporation (Occidental) inDecember 2014 burdened us with significant debt which was used to pay a$6.0 billion cash dividend to Occidental. Together with the activity level and payables that we assumed from Occidental and due to Occidental's retention of a vast majority of receivables, our debt peaked at approximately$6.8 billion inMay 2015 . Since then, we have engaged in a series of assets sales, joint ventures, debt exchanges, tenders and other financing transactions to reduce our overall debt and improve our balance sheet. As ofMarch 31, 2020 , we had reduced outstanding debt to approximately$4.9 billion , a substantial portion of which will mature in 2021. Our significant indebtedness, the unprecedented impact to our financial position resulting from the commodity price decreases due to the COVID-19 pandemic and actions of foreign producers, and the continued challenging conditions in the credit and capital markets raise substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern. As discussed further below, we are actively discussing the terms of a restructuring with our creditors and other stakeholders with the objective of enabling us to continue operations better positioned to capitalize on our asset base and operating capabilities. However, there can be no assurances that we will be able to successfully restructure our indebtedness and no assurances can be given as to what value, if any, will be ascribed to each of our securities or what types or amounts of distributions, if any, our various stakeholders would receive in any restructuring. Any restructuring could result in holders of certain liabilities and/or securities, including our common stock, receiving no distribution on account of their claims or interest. OnFebruary 20, 2020 , we launched offers to exchange a significant portion of our Second Lien Notes and our 5.5% Senior Notes due 2021 (2021 Notes) and 6% Senior Notes due 2024 (2024 Notes) into interests in an entity that would hold a term royalty interest in certain of our oil and natural gas assets or new term loans and warrants to purchase our common stock. If the offers were fully subscribed, we expected that the transactions would have reduced our net debt by approximately$1 billion if successfully completed. OnMarch 16, 2020 , we announced the termination of the offers as a result of developments in the commodity and financial markets at that time that rendered the offers inadvisable and impractical.
On
OnMay 29, 2020 , we did not pay approximately$51 million in the aggregate of interest due under (i) our$1.3 billion credit agreement withThe Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. , as administrative agent, and certain other lenders (2017 Credit Agreement), and (ii) our$1 billion credit agreement withThe Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. , as administrative agent, and certain other lenders (2016 Credit Agreement). Our failure to make those interest payments constituted events of default under our 2017 Credit Agreement and 2016 Credit Agreement and, as a result of cross default, under our Credit Agreement withJPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A ., as administrative agent, and certain other lenders (2014 Revolving Credit Facility). OnJune 2, 2020 , we entered into forbearance agreements (Forbearance Agreements) with (i) certain lenders of a majority of the outstanding principal amount of the loans under the 2014 Revolving Credit Facility, (ii) certain lenders of a majority of the outstanding principal amount of the loans under the 2016 Credit Agreement, and (iii) certain lenders of a majority of the outstanding principal amount of the loans under the 2017 Credit Agreement. Pursuant to the Forbearance Agreements, the lenders who are parties to the Forbearance Agreements agreed to forbear from exercising any remedies under the 2014 Revolving Credit Facility, 2016 Credit Agreement and 2017 Credit Agreement with respect to our failure to make the aforementioned interest payments, through the earlier ofJune 14, 2020 or an event of termination as set forth in the Forbearance Agreements. OnJune 12, 2020 , we amended the Forbearance Agreements to extend the forbearance period toJune 30, 2020 . The Forbearance Agreements include a requirement that we maintain an aggregate book cash balance of not less than$40 million for more than three consecutive business days. OnJune 15, 2020 , we did not make an interest payment of approximately$72.3 million on our 8% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes due 2022 (Second Lien Notes). The indenture governing the Second Lien Notes provides for a 30-day grace period, which will expire onJuly 15, 2020 . A failure to pay the interest within the 30-day grace period would constitute an event of default under this indenture and cross defaults under our other debt instruments and agreements. 23 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We are actively discussing the terms of a restructuring with our creditors and other stakeholders with the objective of reaching an agreement before the forbearance period under the Forbearance Agreements expires onJune 30, 2020 . There can be no assurances that an agreement regarding a restructuring will be reached by the end of the forbearance period or at all or that we will be able to successfully restructure our indebtedness. In addition, no assurances can be given as to what values, if any, will be ascribed to each of our securities or what types or amounts of distributions, if any, our various stakeholders would receive in any restructuring. Any restructuring could result in holders of certain liabilities and/or securities, including common stock, receiving no distribution on account of their claims or interest. See Part II, Item 1A - Risk Factors, below for further discussion regarding risks related to our ability to continue as a going concern.
Operations
Response to COVID-19 Pandemic and Industry Downturn
We have taken several steps and continue to actively work to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the industry downturn on our operations, financial condition and liquidity.
In early March, in response to the rapid fall in commodity prices, we reduced our 2020 capital budget to a level that maintains the mechanical integrity of our facilities to operate them in a safe and environmentally responsible manner and ceased all field development and growth projects. We also monetized all of our crude oil hedges forApril 2020 forward with our counterparties, except for certain hedges held by our joint venture withBenefit Street Partners (BSP JV), for approximately$63 million to enhance our liquidity. We shut in certain marginal wells to reduce operating costs which curtailed average gross production volumes by approximately 7 MBoe/d and average net production volumes by 6 MBoe/d inMay 2020 . As part of our operational efficiency measures, we also evaluated our diverse portfolio and our various production mechanisms with a focus on wells with higher operating costs. Our teams utilized our extensive automation controls, monitored weekly well margins, and made temporary adjustments to our producing wells to ensure our operations aligned with the price environment. As a result of these actions, our current operating expense run rate is below$45 million per month compared to the first quarter average of$64 million per month. At our current level of capital investment, we anticipate production will continue to decline at a moderate pace through the remainder of the year. In earlyMarch 2020 , we also implemented various measures to protect the health of our workforce and to support the prevention of COVID-19 at our plants, rigs, fields and administrative offices. These initiatives were in accordance with the orders and guidance of federal, state and local authorities to mitigate the risks of the disease, and included closing all our administrative offices and implementing remote working for most office employees. As a result, our management team and substantially all of our office personnel, including finance and accounting teams, worked remotely beginning inMarch 2020 and continuing intoJune 2020 , when a phased return to the office began. In addition, onApril 6, 2020 , we implemented reduced work hours for nearly all of our office employees. This temporary arrangement ended at the end ofMay 2020 . These reductions were made in an effort to preserve liquidity after the further deterioration of commodity prices following the outbreak of COVID-19. Our operational employees and contractors have been classified as an essential critical infrastructure workforce by government authorities and continue to work in their plant and field locations under ourCOVID-19 Health and Safety Plan that includes protocols for reporting of illness, self-quarantine, hygiene, applying social distancing to minimize close contact between workers, cleaning or disinfection of workspaces and protection of emergency response personnel. We have not experienced any operational slowdowns due to COVID-19 among our workforce.
Our Operations
We conduct our operations on properties that we hold through fee interests, mineral leases and other contractual arrangements. We are the largest private oil and natural gas mineral acreage holder inCalifornia , with interests in 2.1 million net mineral acres, approximately 60% of which is held in fee and 17% is held by production. Our oil and gas leases have primary terms ranging from one to ten years. Once production commences, the leases are typically extended on the producing acreage through the end of their producing life. As a result of our large mineral acre position held in fee, we have the flexibility to shut in wells while retaining our oil and gas leases which are held by production. We also own or control a network of integrated infrastructure that complements our operations including gas processing plants, oil and gas gathering systems, power plants and other related assets. Our strategically located infrastructure helps us maximize the value generated from our production. 24 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Our share of production and reserves from operations in theWilmington field is subject to contractual arrangements similar to production-sharing contracts (PSCs) that are in effect through the economic life of the assets. Under such contracts we are obligated to fund all capital and production costs. We record a share of production and reserves to recover a portion of such capital and production costs and an additional share for profit. Our portion of the production represents volumes: (i) to recover our partners' share of capital and production costs that we incur on their behalf, (ii) for our share of contractually defined base production and (iii) for our share of remaining production thereafter. We generate returns through our defined share of production from (ii) and (iii) above. These contracts do not transfer any right of ownership to us and reserves reported from these arrangements are based on our economic interest as defined in the contracts. Our share of production and reserves from these contracts decreases when product prices rise and increases when prices decline, assuming comparable capital investment and production costs. However, our net economic benefit is greater when product prices are higher. These contracts represented approximately 18% of our net production for the quarter endedMarch 31, 2020 . In line with industry practice for reporting PSC-type contracts, we report 100% of operating costs under such contracts in our condensed consolidated statements of operations as opposed to reporting only our share of those costs. We report the proceeds from production designed to recover our partners' share of such costs (cost recovery) in our revenues. Our reported production volumes reflect only our share of the total volumes produced, including cost recovery, which is less than the total volumes produced under the PSC-type contracts. This difference in reporting full operating costs but only our net share of production equally inflates our revenue and operating costs and has no effect on our net results.
We own a large and geographically diverse portfolio of assets that generate the following revenue streams:
Crude Oil - We sell nearly all of our crude oil into theCalifornia refining markets, which offer relatively favorable pricing for comparable grades relative to otherU.S. regions. Substantially all of our crude oil production is connected, via our gathering systems, to third-party pipelines andCalifornia refining markets and we have not encountered any issues with storage or reaching these markets during the recent industry downturn. We do not refine or process the crude oil we produce and do not have any significant long-term transportation arrangements.California is heavily reliant on imported sources of energy, with approximately 72% of oil and 90% of natural gas consumed in 2019 imported from outside the state. Nearly all of the imported oil arrives via supertanker, mostly from foreign locations. As a result,California refiners have typically purchased crude oil at international waterborne-based Brent prices. We continue to receive a premium in comparison to other comparable grades due to the demand for our product in the state ofCalifornia . We believe that the limited crude transportation infrastructure from other parts of theU.S. intoCalifornia will continue to contribute to higher realizations than most otherU.S. oil markets for comparable grades. Natural Gas - We sell all of our natural gas not used in our operations into theCalifornia markets on a monthly basis at market-based index pricing. Natural gas prices and differentials are strongly affected by local market fundamentals, such as storage capacity and the availability of transportation capacity from producing areas. Transportation capacity influences prices becauseCalifornia imports approximately 90% of its natural gas from other states andCanada . As a result, we typically enjoy favorable pricing relative to out-of-state producers due to lower transportation costs on the delivery of our natural gas. Changes in natural gas prices have a smaller impact on our operating results than changes in oil prices as only approximately 25% of our total equivalent production volume and even a smaller percentage of our revenue is from natural gas. In addition to selling natural gas, we also use natural gas for our steamfloods and power generation. As a result, the positive impact of higher natural gas prices is partially offset by higher operating costs of our steamflood projects and power generation, but higher prices still have a net positive effect on our operating results due to higher revenue. Conversely, lower natural gas prices lower the operating costs but have a net negative effect on our financial results. We currently have sufficient firm transportation capacity contracts to transport our natural gas, where some capacity volumes vary by month. We sell virtually all of our natural gas production under individually negotiated contracts using market-based pricing on a monthly or shorter basis. 25 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) - NGL price realizations are related to the supply and demand for the products making up these liquids. Some of them more typically correlate to the price of oil while others are affected by natural gas prices as well as the demand for certain chemical products for which they are used as feedstock. In addition, infrastructure constraints and seasonality can magnify pricing volatility. Our earnings are also affected by the performance of our complementary processing and power-generation assets. We process our wet gas to extract NGLs and other natural gas byproducts. We then deliver dry gas to pipelines and separately sell the NGLs. The efficiency with which we extract liquids from the wet gas stream affects our operating results. Our natural gas-processing plants also facilitate access to third-party delivery points near theElk Hills field. We currently have a pipeline delivery contract to transport 6,500 barrels per day of NGLs to market. Our contract to deliver NGLs requires us to cash settle any shortfall between the committed quantities and volumes actually delivered. In connection with another pipeline delivery contract that expired, we made a one-time payment of$20 million inApril 2020 . We sell virtually all of our NGLs using index-based pricing. Our NGLs are generally sold pursuant to contracts that are renewed annually. Approximately 31% of our NGLs are sold to export markets. Electricity - Part of the electrical output from theElk Hills power plant is used byElk Hills and other nearby fields, which reduces operating costs and increases reliability. We sell the excess electricity generated to the grid and a local utility. The power sold to the utility is subject to agreements through the end of 2023, which include a monthly capacity payment plus a variable payment based on the quantity of power purchased each month. The prices obtained for excess power impact our earnings but generally by an insignificant amount.
Derivatives and Hedging Activities
We opportunistically seek strategic hedging transactions to help protect our cash flow, operating margin and capital program from both the cyclical nature of commodity prices and interest rate movements while maintaining adequate liquidity and improving our ability to comply with our debt covenants. We can give no assurances that our hedging programs will be adequate to accomplish our objectives. In earlyMarch 2020 , in response to the rapid fall in commodity prices, we monetized all of our crude oil hedges in place forApril 2020 forward with our counterparties, except for certain hedges held by our BSP JV, for approximately$63 million to enhance our liquidity. As a result, we did not have any commodity hedges that we would benefit from after the end of the first quarter. Unless otherwise indicated, we use the term "hedge" to describe derivative instruments that are designed to achieve our hedging program goals, even though they are not accounted for as cash-flow or fair-value hedges. We respond to economic conditions by adjusting the amount and allocation of our capital program while continuing to identify efficiencies and cost savings. Volatility in oil prices may materially affect the quantities of oil and gas reserves we can economically produce over the longer term. With our significant land holdings inCalifornia , we have undertaken initiatives to unlock additional value from our surface acreage, including pursuing renewable energy opportunities, agricultural activities and other commercial uses. 26 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We have a number of joint ventures that have allowed us to accelerate the
development of our assets which provided us with operational and financial
flexibility as well as near-term production benefits. The following table
summarizes the cumulative investment through
Cumulative Investment through March 31, 2020 (in millions) Alpine $ 223 Royale 17 MIRA 140 BSP 200 Total Capital Investment $ 580
For more information on our development joint ventures, please see our most
recent Form 10-K for the year ended
Alpine JV
InJuly 2019 , we entered into a development agreement withAlpine Energy Capital, LLC (Alpine). Alpine has committed to invest$320 million , which may be increased to a total investment of$500 million subject to the mutual agreement of the parties. The initial$320 million commitment covers multiple development opportunities and is intended to be invested over a period of up to three years in accordance with a 275-well development plan. OnMarch 27, 2020 , Alpine elected to suspend its funding obligations pursuant to a contractual right that is triggered if the average NYMEX 12-month forward strip price for Brent crude oil falls below$45 per barrel over a 30-trading day period. The suspension is automatically lifted and Alpine is obligated to renew funding at such time as the average price exceeds that threshold over any 30-trading day period. If prices remain below the threshold for over 100 consecutive trading days, the development phase may be terminated by us, subject to agreement by Alpine. Fixed and Variable Costs Our production costs include (1) variable costs that fluctuate with production levels and (2) fixed costs that typically do not vary with changes in production levels or well counts, especially in the short term. The substantial majority of our near-term fixed costs become variable over the longer term because we manage them based on the field's stage of life and operating characteristics. For example, portions of labor and material costs, energy, workovers and maintenance expenditures correlate to well count, production and activity levels. Portions of these same costs can be relatively fixed over the near term; however, they are managed down as fields mature in a manner that correlates to production and commodity price levels. A certain amount of costs for facilities, surface support, surveillance and related maintenance can be regarded as fixed in the early phases of a program. However, as the production from a certain area matures, well count increases and daily per well production drops, such support costs can be reduced and consolidated over a larger number of wells, reducing costs per operating well. Further, many of our other costs, such as property taxes and oilfield services, are variable and will respond to activity levels and tend to correlate with commodity prices. As a result of the measures taken to address the recent industry downturn, we continue to believe approximately one-third of our operating costs are fixed over the life cycle of our fields and the remaining two-thirds costs are variable. We actively manage our fields to optimize production and minimize costs. When we see growth in a field, we increase capacities and, similarly, when a field nears the end of its economic life, we manage the costs while it remains economically viable to produce. 27 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Production and Prices
The following table sets forth our average net production volumes of oil, NGLs
and natural gas per day for the three months ended
Three months ended March 31, 2020 2019 Oil (MBbl/d) San Joaquin Basin 47 55 Los Angeles Basin 26 25 Ventura Basin 4 4 Total 77 84 NGLs (MBbl/d) San Joaquin Basin 14 14 Ventura Basin - 1 Total 14 15 Natural gas (MMcf/d) San Joaquin Basin 152 165 Los Angeles Basin 2 2 Ventura Basin 6 7 Sacramento Basin 23 28 Total 183 202 Total Net Production (MBoe/d) 121 133
Note: MBbl/d refers to thousands of barrels per day; MMcf/d refers to millions of
cubic feet per day; MBoe/d refers to thousands of barrels of oil equivalent
(Boe) per day. Natural gas volumes have been converted to Boe based on the
equivalence of energy content of six thousand cubic feet of natural gas to
one barrel of oil. Barrels of oil equivalence does not necessarily result
in price equivalence. For the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019, total daily production decreased by approximately 12 MBoe/d or 9%. The decrease in production largely represented base decline resulting from low internal capital investment during the last 12 months. In addition, ourMay 2019 divestiture of a 50% working interest in certain zones within ourLost Hills field resulted in a decrease of approximately 2 MBoe/d in 2020 compared to the prior comparative quarter. Our PSC-type contracts positively impacted our oil production in 2020 by over 2 MBoe/d compared to 2019. 28 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following tables set forth the average realized prices and price
realizations as a percentage of average Brent, WTI and NYMEX for our products
for the three months ended
Three months ended March 31, 2020 2019 Price Realization Price Realization Oil ($ per Bbl) Brent$ 50.96 $ 63.90 Realized price without hedge$ 50.78 100%$ 63.30 99% Settled hedges 4.72 1.96 Realized price with hedge (a)$ 55.50 109%$ 65.26 102% WTI$ 46.17 $ 54.90 Realized price without hedge$ 50.78 110%$ 63.30 115% Realized price with hedge$ 55.50 120%$ 65.26 119% NGLs ($ per Bbl) Realized price (% of Brent)$ 29.28 57%$ 42.52 67% Realized price (% of WTI)$ 29.28 63%$ 42.52 77% Natural gas NYMEX ($/MMBtu)$ 2.05 $ 3.24
Realized price without hedge ($/Mcf)
106%
Settled hedges 0.10 (0.05 )
Realized price with hedge ($/Mcf)
104% (a)March 31, 2020 prices exclude the effect of$63 million of proceeds
received in the first quarter of 2020 from settling derivative contracts
with counterparties prior to maturity.
Oil - Brent index and realized prices were lower in the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 compared to the same prior-year period due to the combination of the supply increase caused by the Saudi-Russia price war and the severe demand decline caused by COVID-19 that began inMarch 2020 . DuringApril 2020 , Brent index prices and our realizations further deteriorated to$26.63 and 79%, respectively, and recovered slightly inMay 2020 to$32.41 and 93%, respectively. NGLs - Prices for NGLs decreased from the same prior-year period as supply associated with high gas-producing basins outpaced steady demand, causing lower domestic NGL prices in the first quarter of 2020. We continue to receive premium prices for NGLs relative to national hub prices. Natural Gas - Our natural gas realized prices were lower in the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 than the comparable period of 2019. The decrease was due to increased nationwide natural gas production, opposite of last year's local supply constraints, resulting in lower prices across the country, and decreased demand resulting from the shelter-in-place order related to COVID-19 that began inMarch 2020 . 29
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