Caterpillar Power Finance.. 8            50           50           4          56 55 
Total................       105          USD 76         USD 76         8          USD 56 USD 55 
                             Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020   Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 
                             Number                                 Number 
                                           Pre-TDR   Post-TDR                  Pre-TDR      Post-TDR 
                             of            Amortized Amortized      of         Recorded     Recorded 
                                           Cost      Cost                      Investment   Investment 
                             Contracts                              Contracts 
North America.........       13            USD  10     USD 10           12         USD 5          USD 4 
EAME..............           -                -      -              19         17           17 
Asia/Pacific(1)              183              12     12             -          -            - 
Mining(2)                    52               22     22             1          6            6 
Latin America.........       9                18     18             4          2            2 
Caterpillar Power Finance..  14               87     87             19         154          152 
Total.................       271           USD 149     USD 149          55         USD 184        USD 181  2.              During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, 183 contracts with a pre-TDR and post-TDR amortized 

cost of USD12 million were related to seven customers. 3. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, 52 contracts with a pre-TDR and post-TDR amortized

cost of USD22 million were related to three customers.

TDRs in the Customer portfolio segment with a payment default (defined as 91+ days past due) which had been modified within twelve months prior to the default date, were as follows:

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Three Months Ended September 30, 2019


                                                                   Post-TDR 
                               Number of 
(Dollars in millions)          Contracts   Post-TDR Amortized Cost Number of Recorded 
                                                                   Contracts Investment 
North America............      1         USD 6                       - USD 
Mining..................       1           1                       - 
Caterpillar Power Finance..... 2           18                      - 
Total...................       4         USD 25                      - USD 
                               Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 
                                                                    Post-TDR 
                               Number of 
                               Contracts   Post-TDR Amortized Cost  Number of Recorded 
                                                                    Contracts Investment 
North America............      2         USD 6                        - USD 
EAME..................         2           10                       - 
Mining..................       1           1                        - 
Latin America.............     3           1                        - 
Caterpillar Power Finance..... 2           18                       - 
Total...................       10        USD 36                       - USD 

48

Table of Contents

18. Fair value disclosures

A. Fair value measurements

The guidance on fair value measurements defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. This guidance also specifies a fair value hierarchy based upon the observability of inputs used in valuation techniques. Observable inputs (highest level) reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs (lowest level) reflect internally developed market assumptions. In accordance with this guidance, fair value measurements are classified under the following hierarchy: ? Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. ? Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar

instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs or

significant value-drivers are observable in active markets. ? Level 3 - Model-derived valuations in which one or more significant inputs or significant value-drivers are

unobservable.

When available, we use quoted market prices to determine fair value, and we classify such measurements within Level 1. In some cases where market prices are not available, we make use of observable market based inputs to calculate fair value, in which case the measurements are classified within Level 2. If quoted or observable market prices are not available, fair value is based upon valuations in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable, including internally developed models that use, where possible, current market-based parameters such as interest rates, yield curves and currency rates. These measurements are classified within Level 3.

We classify fair value measurements according to the lowest level input or value-driver that is significant to the valuation. We may therefore classify a measurement within Level 3 even though there may be significant inputs that are readily observable.

Fair value measurement includes the consideration of nonperformance risk. Nonperformance risk refers to the risk that an obligation (either by a counterparty or Caterpillar) will not be fulfilled. For financial assets traded in an active market (Level 1 and certain Level 2), the nonperformance risk is included in the market price. For certain other financial assets and liabilities (certain Level 2 and Level 3), our fair value calculations have been adjusted accordingly.

Investments in debt and equity securities

We have investments in certain debt and equity securities, primarily at Insurance Services, that are recorded at fair value. Fair values for our U.S. treasury bonds and large capitalization value and smaller company growth equity securities are based upon valuations for identical instruments in active markets. Fair values for other government bonds, corporate bonds and mortgage-backed debt securities are based upon models that take into consideration such market-based factors as recent sales, risk-free yield curves and prices of similarly rated bonds.

In addition, Insurance Services has an equity investment in a real estate investment trust (REIT) which is recorded at fair value based on the net asset value (NAV) of the investment and is not classified within the fair value hierarchy.

See Note 8 for additional information on our investments in debt and equity securities.

Derivative financial instruments

The fair value of interest rate contracts is primarily based on models that utilize the appropriate market-based forward swap curves and zero-coupon interest rates to determine discounted cash flows. The fair value of foreign currency and commodity forward, option and cross currency contracts is based on a valuation model that discounts cash flows resulting from the differential between the contract price and the market-based forward rate.

49

Table of Contents

Assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis at fair value, primarily related to Financial Products, included in our Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows:


                                                        September 30, 2020 
(Millions of dollars) 
                                                        Total 
Assets 
                                               Level 1  Measured Assets / Liabilities, 
Debt securities 
                                                        Level 2 Level 3 at NAV at Fair Value 
Government debt 
 
U.S. treasury bonds................            USD 16     USD - USD - USD - USD                   16 
Other U.S. and non-U.S. government bonds       -        51 - -                          51 
Corporate bonds 
Corporate bonds..................              -        1,001 - -                       1,001 
Asset-backed securities.............           -        158 - -                         158 
Mortgage-backed debt securities 
U.S. governmental agency...........            -        364 - -                         364 
Residential.....................               -        5 - -                           5 
Commercial.....................                         65 - -                          65 
Total debt securities...................       16       1,644 - -                       1,660 
Equity securities 
Large capitalization value............         173      - - -                           173 
Smaller company growth............             32       - - -                           32 
REIT.........................                  -        - - 139                         139 
Total equity securities..................      205      - - 139                         344 
Derivative financial instruments, net......... -        82 - -                          82 
Total assets.........................          USD    221 USD  1,726  USD    - USD   139      USD 2,086 
                                                      December 31, 2019 
(Millions of dollars) 
                                                                        Total 
Assets 
                                              Level 1 Level 2 Level 3   Measured Assets / Liabilities, 
Debt securities 
                                                                        at NAV at Fair Value 
Government debt 
 
U.S. treasury bonds...............            USD 9     USD - USD - USD - USD                             9 

(MORE TO FOLLOW) Dow Jones Newswires

February 03, 2021 17:38 ET (22:38 GMT)