Press Release

Paris, 3 August 2020

First-Half 2020 Results

Premium income of €11.5 billion

Attributable net profit of €629 million

SCR coverage ratio of 214%

Significant events

  • Premium income of €11.5 billion, down 32.3% as reported (down 29.2% at constant exchange rates) excluding
    PACTE Act transfers (€1.5 billion)
    • In France, €4.3bn net outflow from traditional savings contracts and €0.6bn net inflow to unit-linked contracts
    • At Group level, 48.7% of Savings/Pensions new money from unit-linked contracts (24.7% in France)
    • Resilient term creditor insurance business
  • EBIT of €1,312 million, down 16.2% as reported (down 9.5% like-for-like)
  • Attributable net profit of €629 million, down 8.5% as reported (down 3.5% like-for-like)
  • APE margin of 11.1%, down in France, up in international markets
  • Consolidated SCR coverage ratio of 214%

Antoine Lissowski, CNP Assurances' Chief Executive Officer, said:

"CNP Assurances has demonstrated the resilience of its business model and the quality of its financial and insurance risk management and is pursuing its strategy to transform its assets in France.

The Group's solid performance is reflected in its SCR coverage ratio, which remains very high, and in the A+ rating awarded by Fitch.

I would like to personally thank all of our teams for their continued hard work and commitment in serving our policyholders and partners."

CNP Assurances | Headquarters: 4, place Raoul Dautry 75716 Paris cedex 15 - 00 33 1 42 18 88 88 I www.cnp.fr I French société anonyme with paid-up share capital of €686,618,477 I Registered in Paris, RCS 341 737 062 - Company governed by the French Insurance Code (Code des assurances)

Covid-19 impacts

The Covid-19 financial and public health crisis had a significant impact on CNP Assurances' operations in first-half 2020:

  • Product distribution was severely curtailed as points of sale closed to the public, with the resulting "lost" premium income estimated at €3.6 billion for the Group, including €2.4 billion in France, €0.8 billion in Latin America and €0.4 billion in Europe excluding France.
  • The business was re-organised, with nearly 98% of the workforce working from home. The various home-working initiatives deployed in recent years and tried and tested during the strikes of December 2019 and January 2020 meant operations were largely uninterrupted,

and the risk mitigation measures set in place helped to limit the extent of the costs linked to the crisis while still allowing the Group to contribute substantially to various solidarity initiatives.

In France:

  • The adoption of exceptional commercial measures that go beyond the Group's contractual obligations, such as paying daily allowances for vulnerable policyholders who were unable to work because they were shielding or had childcare obligations, represented an estimated €50 million in first-half2020.
  • Other negative impacts on Personal Risk/Protection revenue totalled €17 million, including the €6 million extra cost of the increased incidence of "sick leave" claims and the €11 million opportunity cost represented by lower personal risk sales.
  • Movements in the financial markets affected investment income for the period. Dividends received were down €283 million, causing a €60 million reduction in revenue from own-funds portfolios, and requiring €17 million (net of hedging) to be set aside in the guaranteed yield reserve.
  • The voluntary contribution made to the government's solidarity fund set up in support of very small enterprises and the self-employedamounted to €25 million in first-half2020.

In Latin America, curtailed distribution in the first half did not have a material impact on revenue, as it is derived mainly from in-force business and loss ratios remained under control.

In Europe excluding France, revenue fell by €18 million.

Press Release - First-Half 2020 Results

2

CNP Assurances | Headquarters: 4, place Raoul Dautry 75716 Paris cedex 15 - 00 33 1 42 18 88 88 I www.cnp.fr I French société anonyme with paid-up share capital of €686,618,477 I Registered in Paris, RCS 341 737 062 - Company governed by the French Insurance Code (Code des assurances)

1. First-half 2020 premium income and APE margin

Consolidated premium income for the period came to €11,492 million, down 32.3%1 as reported (down 29.2%2 at constant exchange rates), mainly as a result of the Covid-19 crisis.

In France, premium income fell 36.5% to €7,185 million.

Savings/Pensions premium income was down 44.2%, at €5,154 million (with €2,591 million generated by La Banque Postale and €1,571 million by BPCE). In Savings, the decline in new money collected by the historical distribution networks was notably due to the "low interest rate environment" action plan focused on promoting transfers to unit-linked funds (first-half 2020 transfers totalled €1.5 billion, including €1.1 billion generated by La Banque Postale). It also reflected the application of tighter underwriting policies and the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on the distribution networks. The contribution of unit-linked contracts to Savings/Pensions premiums rose to 24.7% (from 20.1% in first-half 2019). Savings/Pensions net new money in France reflected a €0.6 billion net inflow to unit-linked contracts and a €4.3 billion net outflow from traditional products.

Personal Risk/Protection premium income dipped 2.8% to €2,031 million, mainly due to a high prior-period basis of comparison in term creditor insurance, a segment that was less affected by the Covid-19 crisis because of the large volume of in-force contracts.

The APE margin narrowed to 1.8% in first-half 2020 from 12.3% for 2019, reflecting the low interest rate environment.

In Europe excluding France, premium income amounted to €2,134 million, a decrease of 13.9%.

Savings/Pensions premium income contracted by 16.5% due to the Covid-19 crisis, but also as a result of the strategic decision to limit sales of traditional savings contracts by CNP Luxembourg and CNP Partners. CNP UniCredit Vita's premium income in this segment was stable, with unit-linked new money up by a strong 10%. Unit-linked premiums accounted for 77.8% of total premiums in first-half 2020 versus 60.6% in the year-earlier period.

Personal Risk/Protection premium income contracted by 3.9% to €504 million. CNP Santander's buoyant protection insurance business helped to offset the decline in term creditor insurance business in Italy.

The APE margin widened to 22.4% from 21.4% in 2019.

The contribution of Latin America to consolidated premium income was adversely affected by the real's weakness

against the euro. Premium income for the period was down 31.8% as reported, at €2,173 million (down 14.9% at

constant exchange rates).

Savings/Pensions premium income came in at €1,530 million, down 36.5% as reported and down 20.9% at constant exchange rates. The decline was due to the closure of CEF's bank branches and the priority given to making emergency payments to people on low incomes. The proportion of Savings/Pensions premiums represented by unit-linked contracts remained very high, at 98.5%.

Personal Risk/Protection premium income amounted to €643 million, down 17.2% as reported but up 3.5% at constant exchange rates, reflecting growth in consumer finance term creditor insurance business (Prestamista).

The APE margin widened to 30.8% from 29.7% in 2019.

1 First-half 2019 premium income has been restated to exclude the top line contribution of Fourgous and Eurocroissance transfers for a total of €589 million, breaking down as: €315 million for the BPCE network (of which €101 million in unit-linked premiums) and €274 million for the La Banque Postale network (of which €49 million in unit-linked premiums). Fourgous and Eurocroissance transfers in the first half of 2020 were not material.

2 Average exchange rates:

First-half 2020: Brazil: €1 = BRL 5.41; Argentina: €1 = ARS 71.17

First-half 2019: Brazil: €1 = BRL 4.34; Argentina: €1 = ARS 46.83

Press Release - First-Half 2020 Results

3

CNP Assurances | Headquarters: 4, place Raoul Dautry 75716 Paris cedex 15 - 00 33 1 42 18 88 88 I www.cnp.fr I French société anonyme with paid-up share capital of €686,618,477 I Registered in Paris, RCS 341 737 062 - Company governed by the French Insurance Code (Code des assurances)

4
https://www.cnp.fr/en/the-cnp-assurances-

The Value of New Business (VNB) written by the Group3 was €112 million in first-half 2020.

Average consolidated technical reserves net of reinsurance totalled €323.6 billion in first-half2020, compared with

€318.3 billion in the year-earlier period, an increase of 1.7%.

2. First-half 2020 results indicators

Net insurance revenue (NIR) came to €1,442 million, down 10.3% as reported (down 3.1% like-for-like).

In France, net insurance revenue contracted by 8.9% to €838 million. The Covid-19 crisis had a negative impact of €83 million, mainly corresponding to benefit payments in excess of the Group's contractual obligations and an increase in the amount set aside in the minimum yield reserve.

In Europe excluding France, net insurance revenue amounted to €143 million, a decrease of 3.5% that stemmed from lower Personal Risk/Protection premium income, partly offset by an increase in the fees deducted from unit-linked funds.

In Latin America, net insurance revenue totalled €461 million, down 14.5% as reported but up 6.7% in local currency thanks to the build-up of in-force pensions policies (up 23% over 12 months) and term creditor insurance policies.

Revenue from own-fundsportfolios of €291 million was down 28.2% as reported (down 25.6% at constant exchange rates), due to lower yields on proprietary bond portfolios in France and lower dividend income from the equity portfolio.

Total revenue came to €1,733 million, down 13.9% as reported (down 7.7% at constant exchange rates).

Administrative costs of €421 million were down 5.6% as reported (down 1.3% at constant exchange rates), helped by a 2.7% reduction in France.

The cost/income ratio was slightly higher, at 29.2% versus 27.8% in first-half 2019.

At €1,312 million, EBIT was down 16.2% as reported (down 9.5% at constant exchange rates). EBIT rose in local currency in Latin America and held firm in Europe excluding France.

Attributable net profit came in at €629 million, down 8.5% as reported (down 3.5% at constant exchange rates). IFRS book value was €17 billion, representing €24.8 per share compared to €24.9 per share at 30 June 2019.

The consolidated SCR coverage ratio at 30 June 2020 was 214%, calculated using the new simplified economic approach recommended by the regulator, which consists of including the policyholders' surplus reserve in excess own funds. Application of this calculation method led to a 10-point improvement compared with the reported ratio of 227% at 31 December 2019. First-half 2020 movements were as follows: 2-point increase from the creation of capital, net of dividends; 30-point decrease due to unfavourable market movements (mainly reductions in risk-free interest rates and equity prices, with the wider sovereign and corporate spreads partly neutralised by the volatility adjustment); and 5-point increase from the €750 million subordinated notes issue in June 2020.

The results indicators for the first half of 2020, on which CNP Assurances' Statutory Auditors do not provide an opinion, were reviewed by the Board of Directors at its meeting on 31 July 2020. This press release includes a certain number of alternative performance measures (APMs). These APMs and their calculation method are presented in the Investors section of the CNP Assurances website at

group/investors/results/results-presentation/2020-results.

3The Value of New Business is calculated on a group share basis.

Press Release - First-Half 2020 Results

CNP Assurances | Headquarters: 4, place Raoul Dautry 75716 Paris cedex 15 - 00 33 1 42 18 88 88 I www.cnp.fr I French société anonyme with paid-up share capital of €686,618,477 I Registered in Paris, RCS 341 737 062 - Company governed by the French Insurance Code (Code des assurances)

H1 2020

H1 2019

%

% change

change

(like-for-like)

(reported)

Premium income

11,492

16,981

-32.3

-29.2

Average net technical reserves

323,647

318,345

+1.7

-

Total revenue

1,733

2,012

-13.9

-7.7

Net insurance revenue (NIR), of which:

1,442

1,607

-10.3

-3.1

France

838

919

-8.9

-8.9

Latin America

461

539

-14.5

+6.7

Europe excluding France

143

149

-3.5

-3.5

Revenue from own-funds portfolios

291

405

-28.2

-25.6

Administrative costs, of which:

421

446

-5.6

-1.3

France

283

291

-2.7

-2.7

Latin America

75

92

-19.1

+2.0

Europe excluding France

63

63

+0.7

+0.7

Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)

1,312

1,566

-16.2

-9.5

Finance costs

(128)

(128)

-0.2

-0.2

Non-controlling and net equity accounted

(224)

(270)

-16.8

+1.6

interests

Attributable recurring profit

960

1,168

-17.8

-13.1

Income tax expense

(303)

(370)

-18.2

-12.0

Fair value adjustments and net gains (losses)

112

124

-10.0

-8.5

Non-recurring items

(140)

(235)

-40.4

-40.2

Attributable net profit

629

687

-8.5

-3.5

Press Release - First-Half 2020 Results

5

CNP Assurances | Headquarters: 4, place Raoul Dautry 75716 Paris cedex 15 - 00 33 1 42 18 88 88 I www.cnp.fr I French société anonyme with paid-up share capital of €686,618,477 I Registered in Paris, RCS 341 737 062 - Company governed by the French Insurance Code (Code des assurances)

APPENDICES

Premium income by country

(in € millions)

H1 2020

H1 2019

% change

% change

(reported)

(like-for-like)

France

7,185

11,319

-36.5

-36.5

Brazil

2,163

3,173

-31.8

-15.0

Italy

1,421

1,428

-0.5

-0.5

Germany

234

233

+0.6

+0.6

Cyprus

85

78

+8.4

+8.4

Spain

70

143

-51.4

-51.4

Luxembourg

231

501

-53.9

-53.9

Poland

46

45

+0.8

+0.8

Austria

13

12

+6.3

+6.3

Norway

11

12

-8.6

-8.6

Denmark

11

12

-11.5

-11.5

Argentina

10

11

-15.6

+28.3

Portugal

2

3

-31.7

-31.7

Other International

11

10

+13.7

+13.7

Total International

4,307

5,662

-23.9

-14.4

Total

11,492

16,981

-32.3

-29.2

Premium income by segment

(in € millions)

H1 2020

H1 2019

% change

% change

(reported)

(like-for-like)

Savings

6,354

10,684

-40.5

-40.5

Pensions

1,961

2,908

-32.6

-19.8

Personal Risk Insurance

783

823

-4.9

+1.5

Term Creditor Insurance

2,001

2,162

-7.4

-4.2

Health Insurance

224

208

+7.4

+8.3

Property & Casualty

169

196

-13.8

+4.1

Total

11,492

16,981

-32.3

-29.2

Press Release - First-Half 2020 Results

6

CNP Assurances | Headquarters: 4, place Raoul Dautry 75716 Paris cedex 15 - 00 33 1 42 18 88 88 I www.cnp.fr I French société anonyme with paid-up share capital of €686,618,477 I Registered in Paris, RCS 341 737 062 - Company governed by the French Insurance Code (Code des assurances)

Premium income by country and by segment

Personal

Term

Health

Property &

(in € millions)

Savings

Pensions

Risk

Creditor

Total

Insurance

Casualty

Insurance

Insurance

France

4,709

445

541

1,293

197

0

7,185

Brazil

19

1,509

202

284

8

142

2,163

Italy

1,340

5

14

62

0

0

1,421

Germany

0

0

6

229

0

0

234

Cyprus

32

0

7

0

19

26

85

Spain

20

1

2

47

0

0

70

Luxembourg

231

0

0

0

0

0

231

Poland

0

0

6

40

0

0

46

Austria

0

0

0

12

0

0

13

Norway

0

0

0

11

0

0

11

Denmark

0

0

0

11

0

0

11

Argentina

3

0

6

1

0

0

10

Portugal

0

0

0

2

0

0

2

Other International

1

0

0

10

0

0

11

Total International

1,646

1,515

242

708

27

169

4,307

Total

6,354

1,961

783

2,001

224

169

11,492

Press Release - First-Half 2020 Results

7

CNP Assurances | Headquarters: 4, place Raoul Dautry 75716 Paris cedex 15 - 00 33 1 42 18 88 88 I www.cnp.fr I French société anonyme with paid-up share capital of €686,618,477 I Registered in Paris, RCS 341 737 062 - Company governed by the French Insurance Code (Code des assurances)

Premium income by region and by partner/subsidiary

(in € millions)

H1 2020

H1 2019

% change

La Banque Postale

2,700

4,279

-36.9

BPCE

2,145

3,417

-37.2

CNP Patrimoine

667

1,846

-63.9

Social protection partners (France)

1,011

1,001

+1.1

Financial institutions (France)

558

604

-7.7

Amétis

82

153

-46.4

Other France

23

19

+19.8

Total France

7,185

11,319

-36.5

Caixa Seguradora (Brazil)

2,163

3,173

-31.8

CNP UniCredit Vita (Italy)

1,340

1,356

-1.2

CNP Luxembourg (Luxembourg)

231

501

-53.9

CNP Santander Insurance (Ireland)

385

381

+1.2

CNP Partners (Spain)

69

133

-47.6

CNP Cyprus Insurance Holdings (Cyprus)

87

80

+8.2

CNP Assurances Compañía de Seguros (Argentina)

10

11

-15.6

Other International

23

27

-16.9

Total International

4,307

5,662

-23.9

Total

11,492

16,981

-32.3

Press Release - First-Half 2020 Results

8

CNP Assurances | Headquarters: 4, place Raoul Dautry 75716 Paris cedex 15 - 00 33 1 42 18 88 88 I www.cnp.fr I French société anonyme with paid-up share capital of €686,618,477 I Registered in Paris, RCS 341 737 062 - Company governed by the French Insurance Code (Code des assurances)

Unit-linked sales

by region and by partner/subsidiary

(in € millions)

H1 2020

H1 2019

% change

La Banque Postale

493

610

-19.3

BPCE

294

413

-28.7

CNP Patrimoine

437

771

-43.4

Amétis

22

44

-49.7

Other France

25

16

+59.6

Total Unit-linked France

1,271

1,854

-31.5

Caixa Seguradora (Brazil)

1,508

2,374

-36.5

CNP UniCredit Vita (Italy)

1,014

915

+10.8

CNP Partners (Spain)

34

32

+7.7

CNP Luxembourg (Luxembourg)

188

209

-10.2

CNP Cyprus Insurance Holdings (Cyprus)

32

27

+17.9

Total Unit-linked International

2,776

3,557

-22.0

Total Unit-linked

4,046

5,411

-25.2

Unit-linked sales as a proportion of Savings/Pensions premiums

by region

(in € millions)

Savings/Pensions

o/w Unit-linked

o/w Traditional

% Unit-linked

France

5,154

1,271

3,883

24.7

Latin America

1,530

1,508

23

98.5

Europe excluding France

1,631

1,268

363

77.8

Total

8,315

4,046

4,269

48.7

Press Release - First-Half 2020 Results

9

CNP Assurances | Headquarters: 4, place Raoul Dautry 75716 Paris cedex 15 - 00 33 1 42 18 88 88 I www.cnp.fr I French société anonyme with paid-up share capital of €686,618,477 I Registered in Paris, RCS 341 737 062 - Company governed by the French Insurance Code (Code des assurances)

Premium income from partnership with La Banque Postale

(in € millions)

H1 2020

H1 2019

% change

Savings

2,433

3,987

-39.0

Pensions

157

192

-18.1

Personal Risk Insurance

11

10

+4.5

Term Creditor Insurance

98

90

+9.2

Total

2,700

4,279

-36.9

Premium income from partnership with BPCE

(in € millions)

H1 2020

H1 2019

% change

Savings

1,530

2,726

-43.9

Pensions

41

57

-27.7

Personal Risk Insurance

54

59

-8.9

Term Creditor Insurance

519

575

-9.7

Total

2,145

3,417

-37.2

Caixa Seguradora premium income by segment in BRL

(in BRL millions)

H1 2020

H1 2019

% change

Savings

101

132

-23.8

Pensions

8,162

10,314

-20.9

Personal Risk Insurance

1,093

1,111

-1.6

Term Creditor Insurance

1,536

1,413

+8.7

Health Insurance

41

66

-38.3

Property & Casualty

771

739

+4.3

Total

11,703

13,775

-15.0

Press Release - First-Half 2020 Results

10

CNP Assurances | Headquarters: 4, place Raoul Dautry 75716 Paris cedex 15 - 00 33 1 42 18 88 88 I www.cnp.fr I French société anonyme with paid-up share capital of €686,618,477 I Registered in Paris, RCS 341 737 062 - Company governed by the French Insurance Code (Code des assurances)

CNP UniCredit Vita premium income by segment

(in € millions)

H1 2020

H1 2019

% change

Savings

1,300

1,295

+0.4

Pensions

5

5

+0.5

Personal Risk Insurance

13

12

+2.1

Term Creditor Insurance

22

44

-48.9

Total

1,340

1,356

-1.2

CNP Santander Insurance premium income by country

(in € millions)

H1 2020

H1 2019

% change

Germany

234.4

233.0

+0.6

Poland

45.6

45.3

+0.8

Spain

40.7

39.3

+3.4

Italy

20.4

18.7

+8.8

Norway

11.0

12.1

-8.6

Denmark

10.8

12.2

-11.5

Austria

12.6

11.8

+6.3

Sweden

5.7

4.9

+16.9

Finland

2.4

2.3

+5.7

Belgium

1.4

1.0

n.m.

Netherlands

0.1

0.1

n.m.

Total

385

381

+1.2

Press Release - First-Half 2020 Results

11

CNP Assurances | Headquarters: 4, place Raoul Dautry 75716 Paris cedex 15 - 00 33 1 42 18 88 88 I www.cnp.fr I French société anonyme with paid-up share capital of €686,618,477 I Registered in Paris, RCS 341 737 062 - Company governed by the French Insurance Code (Code des assurances)

Investor Calendar

  • Nine-month2020 results indicators: Thursday, 19 November 2020 at 7:30 a.m.

This press release, along with all of CNP Assurances' regulated information published in accordance with Article L.451-1-2 of the French Monetary and Financial Code and Articles 222-1et seq. of the Autorité des Marchés Financiers' General Regulations, is available on the Group's investor information website at www.cnp.fr/en/investor-analyst.

About CNP Assurances

A benchmark player in the French personal insurance market, CNP Assurances is active in 19 countries in Europe and Latin America, with a significant presence in Brazil, its second largest market. Acting as an insurer, co -insurer and reinsurer, CNP Assurances develops innovative personal risk/protection and savings/pensions solutions. It has more than 37 million personal risk/protection insureds worldwide and more than 14 million savings/pensions policyholders. In line with its busines s

model, the Group's solutions are distributed by multiple partners. The solutions are aligned with each partner's physical or digital distribution model, while also being tailored to local clients' needs in each country.

CNP Assurances has been listed on the Paris Stock Exchange since October 1998. The Group reported net profit of

€1,412 million in 2019.

Press contacts

Investors and analysts

Florence de Montmarin

+33 (0)1 42 18 86 51

Nicolas Legrand

+33 (0)1 42 18 65 95

Tamara Bernard

+33 (0)1 42 18 86 19

Jean-Yves Icole

+33 (0)1 42 18 86 70

Caroline Ceintrey

+33 (0)1 42 18 85 73

Typhaine Lissot

+33 (0)1 42 18 83 66

servicepresse@cnp.fr

Julien Rouch

+33 (0)1 42 18 94 93

infofi@cnp.fr

Follow us on:

Press Release - First-Half 2020 Results

12

CNP Assurances | Headquarters: 4, place Raoul Dautry 75716 Paris cedex 15 - 00 33 1 42 18 88 88 I www.cnp.fr I French société anonyme with paid-up share capital of €686,618,477 I Registered in Paris, RCS 341 737 062 - Company governed by the French Insurance Code (Code des assurances)

Disclaimer:

Some of the statements contained in this document may be forward-looking statements referring to projections, future events, trends or objectives that, by their very nature, involve inherent risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those currently anticipated in such statements. These risks and uncertainties may concern factors such as changes in general economic conditions and financial market performance, legal or regulatory decisions or changes, changes in the frequency and amount of insured claims, changes in interest rates and foreign exchange rates, changes in the policies of central banks or governments, legal proceedings, the effects of acquisitions and divestments, and general factors affecting competition. Further information regarding factors which may cause results to differ materially from those projected in forward-looking statements is included in CNP Assurances' filings with the Autorité des Marchés Financiers. CNP Assurances does not undertake to update any forward-looking statements presented herein to take into account any new information, future event or other factors.

Certain prior-period information may be reclassified on a basis consistent with current year data. The sum of the amounts presented in this document may not correspond exactly to the total indicated in the tables and the text. Percentages and percentage changes are calculated based on unrounded figures and there may be certain minor differences between the amounts and percentages due to rounding. CNP Assurances' final solvency indicators are submitted post-publication to the insurance supervisor and may differ from the explicit and implicit estimates contained in this document.

This document may contain alternative performance measures (such as EBIT) that are considered useful by CNP Assurances but are not recognised in the IFRSs adopted for use in the European Union. These measures should be treated as additional information and not as substitutes for the balance sheet and income statement prepared in accordance with IFRS. They may not be comparable with those published by other companies, as their definition may vary from one company to another.

Press Release - First-Half 2020 Results

13

CNP Assurances | Headquarters: 4, place Raoul Dautry 75716 Paris cedex 15 - 00 33 1 42 18 88 88 I www.cnp.fr I French société anonyme with paid-up share capital of €686,618,477 I Registered in Paris, RCS 341 737 062 - Company governed by the French Insurance Code (Code des assurances)

Attachments

Disclaimer

CNP Assurances SA published this content on 03 August 2020 and is solely responsible for the information contained therein. Distributed by Public, unedited and unaltered, on 03 August 2020 05:42:11 UTC