The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of
operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed
consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this
Quarterly Report on Form 10- Q and our audited consolidated financial statements
and the related notes and the discussion under the heading "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our
Final Prospectus for our IPO dated as of March 23, 2021 and filed with the SEC
pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) on March 24, 2021, or Final Prospectus. This
discussion, particularly information with respect to our future results of
operations or financial condition, business strategy, plans and objectives of
management for future operations and the potential impact that the ongoing
COVID-19 pandemic may have on our business, includes forward-looking statements
that involve risks and uncertainties as described under the heading "Special
Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" in this Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q. You should review the disclosure under the heading "Risk Factors" in this
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of important factors that could
cause our actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in these
forward-looking statements.
Overview
DigitalOcean is a leading cloud computing platform offering on-demand
infrastructure and platform tools for developers, start-ups and small and
medium-sized businesses, or SMBs. We were founded with the guiding principle
that the transformative benefits of the cloud should be easy to leverage,
broadly accessible, reliable and affordable. Our platform simplifies cloud
computing, enabling our customers to rapidly accelerate innovation and increase
their productivity and agility. Over 585,000 individual and business customers
currently use our platform to build, deploy and scale software applications. Our
users include software engineers, researchers, data scientists, system
administrators, students and hobbyists. Our customers use our platform across
numerous industry verticals and for a wide range of use cases, such as web and
mobile applications, website hosting, e-commerce, media and gaming, personal web
projects, and managed services, among many others. We believe that our focus on
simplicity, community, open source and customer support are the four key
differentiators of our business, driving a broad range of customers around the
world to build their applications on our platform.
Improving the developer experience and increasing developer productivity are
core to our mission. Our developer cloud platform was designed with simplicity
in mind to ensure that software developers can spend less time managing their
infrastructure and more time turning their ideas into innovative applications to
grow their businesses. Simplicity guides how we design and enhance our
easy-to-use-interface, the core capabilities we offer our customers and our
approach to predictable and transparent pricing for our solutions. We offer
mission-critical infrastructure solutions across compute, storage and
networking, and we also enable developers to extend the native capabilities of
our cloud with fully managed application, container and database offerings. In
just minutes, developers can set up thousands of virtual machines, secure their
projects, enable performance monitoring and scale up and down as needed.
We generate revenue from the usage of our cloud computing platform by our
customers, including but not limited to compute, storage and networking
services. We recognize revenue based on the customer utilization of these
resources. Our pricing is consumption-based and billed monthly in arrears,
making it easy for our customers to track usage on an
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ongoing basis and optimize their deployments. The pricing for each of our
products is available on our website. For example, the standard price for a
Droplet is $5.00 per month, and our Managed Database product is available
starting at $15.00 per month.
We have historically generated almost all of our revenue from our efficient
self-service marketing model, which enables customers to get started on our
platform very quickly and without the need for assistance. We focus heavily on
enabling a self-service, low-friction model that makes it easy for users to try,
adopt and use our products. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020,
our sales and marketing expense was approximately 11% and 13% of our revenue,
respectively. The efficiency of our go-to-market model and our focus on the
needs of the individual and SMB markets have enabled us to drive organic growth
and establish a truly global customer base across a broad range of industries.
We had approximately 585,000 customers as of March 31, 2021, up from
approximately 546,000 as of March 31, 2020. Our customers are spread across
approximately 185 countries, and around two-thirds of our revenue has
historically come from customers located outside the United States. For the
three months ended March 31, 2021, 38% of our revenue was generated from North
America, 29% from Europe, 23% from Asia and 10% from the rest of the world. We
have a growing number of customers with higher spending levels, and our existing
customers are continuing to expand their business with us. Our average revenue
per customer, or ARPU, has increased significantly, from $44.68 in the quarter
ended March 31, 2020 to $53.68 in the quarter ended March 31, 2021. We had no
material customer concentration for the three months ended March 31, 2021 as our
top 25 customers made up approximately 10% of our revenue.
We have experienced strong and predictable growth in recent periods. Our annual
run-rate revenue, or ARR, as of March 31, 2021 was $388 million, up from
$299 million as of March 31, 2020. ARR as of the end of each month represents
total revenue for that month multiplied by 12.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
To date, the COVID-19 pandemic has not had a significant impact on our
operations or financial performance. However, the extent of the impact of the
COVID-19 pandemic on our operational and financial performance depends on
certain developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak, its
impact on industry events, and its effect on our customers, partners, suppliers
and vendors and other parties with whom we do business, all of which are
uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time. To the extent possible, we are
conducting business as usual, with necessary or advisable modifications to
employee travel and employee work locations, and conducting our marketing and
sales activities virtually. We actively monitor the rapidly evolving situation
related to COVID-19 and may take further actions that alter our business
operations, including those that may be required by federal, state or local
authorities, or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees,
customers, partners, suppliers, vendors and stockholders. The extent to which
the COVID-19 pandemic may impact our results of operations and financial
condition remains uncertain.
Key Factors Affecting Our Performance
Increasing Importance of Cloud Computing and Developers
Our future success depends in large part on the continuing adoption of cloud
computing, proliferation of cloud-native start-ups and SMBs and the increasing
importance of developers, all of which are driving the adoption of our developer
cloud platform. We believe our market opportunity is large and that these
factors will continue to drive our growth. We plan to continue to invest
significantly in scaling across many organizational functions in order to grow
our operations both domestically and internationally to capitalize on these
trends.
Growing our Customer Base
We believe there is a substantial opportunity to further expand our customer
base, and our future growth depends, in large part, on our ability to increase
the number of customers using our cloud computing platform. We have historically
attracted customers by offering a low-friction, self-service cloud platform
combined with a highly-efficient self-service marketing model. We are investing
in strategies that we believe will continue to drive new customer adoption,
especially among SMB customers, such as implementing new marketing initiatives
that further optimize our self-service revenue funnel and expanding our go-to
market teams in select international locations. Our ability to attract new
customers will depend on a number of factors, including our success in
recruiting and expanding our sales and marketing organization and competitive
dynamics in our target markets.
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Increasing Usage by Our Existing Customers
Our customer base of more than 585,000 customers represents a significant
opportunity for further consumption of our services. There are substantial
opportunities to expand revenue within our large customer base through increased
usage of our platform as our customers grow their businesses, adoption of
additional product offerings and targeted sales initiatives focused on our
larger customers. Our consumption-based pricing model makes it frictionless for
customers to increase their usage of our platform as they require more compute
and storage as they grow and scale. We have also expanded the breadth of our
platform offerings and will continue to do so as we have experienced strong
adoption of recently developed products. To accelerate this growth across our
larger customers, we have recently complemented our self-service marketing model
with internal go-to-market teams that are specifically focused on expanding our
business with our larger customers. Our ability to increase the usage of our
platform by existing customers will depend on a number of factors, including our
customers' satisfaction with our platform and product offerings, competition,
pricing and overall changes in our customers' spending levels.
Enhancing Our Platform and Product Offerings
We believe the market opportunity for serving developers, start-ups and SMBs is
very large and goes far beyond providing the core IaaS services of compute,
storage and networking. We have a history of, and will continue to invest
significantly in, developing and delivering innovative products, features and
functionality targeted at our core customer base. In addition, while we have not
been focused on acquisition opportunities to drive our growth, we may pursue
both strategic partnerships and acquisitions that we believe will be
complementary to our business, accelerate customer acquisition, increase usage
of our platform and/or expand our product offerings in our core markets. Our
results of operations may fluctuate as we make these investments to drive usage
and take advantage of our expansive market opportunity.
Key Business Metrics
We utilize the key metrics set forth below to help us evaluate our business and
growth, identify trends, formulate financial projections and make strategic
decisions. We are not aware of any uniform standards for calculating these key
metrics, and other companies may not calculate similarly titled metrics in a
consistent manner, which may hinder comparability.
                                                                Three Months Ended March 31,
                                                               2021                      2020
Customers                                                       585,466                   546,453
ARPU                                                    $         53.68           $         44.68
ARR (in millions)                                       $           388           $           299
Net dollar retention rate                                           107   %                   101  %
Capital expenditures as a percentage of revenue                      25   %                    44  %


Customers

We believe that the number of customers is an important indicator of the growth of our business and future revenue opportunity. We define a customer at the end of any period as a person or entity who has incurred usage in the period and, as a result, has generated an invoice of greater than $0 for that period. We treat each customer that generates an invoice as a unique customer, and a single organization with multiple divisions, segments or subsidiaries may be counted as multiple customers if they separately signed up on our platform. ARPU We believe that our average revenue per customer, which we refer to as ARPU, is a strong indication of our ability to land new customers with higher spending levels and expand usage of our platform by our existing customers. We calculate ARPU on a monthly basis as our total revenue in that period divided by the number of customers determined as of the last day of that period. For a quarterly or annual period, ARPU is determined as the weighted average monthly ARPU over such three or 12-month period.


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ARR


Given the renewable nature of our business, we view annual run-rate revenue as
an important indicator of our current progress towards meeting our revenue
targets and projected growth rate going forward. We calculate ARR at a point in
time by multiplying the latest monthly period's revenue by 12.
Net Dollar Retention Rate
Our ability to maintain long-term revenue growth and achieve profitability is
dependent on our ability to retain and grow revenue from our existing customers.
We have a history of retaining customers for multiple years and in many cases
increasing their spend with us over time. To help us measure our performance in
this area, we monitor our net dollar retention rate. We calculate net dollar
retention rate monthly by starting with the revenue from the cohort of all
customers during the corresponding month 12 months prior, or the Prior Period
Revenue. We then calculate the revenue from these same customers as of the
current month, or the Current Period Revenue, including any expansion and net of
any contraction or attrition from these customers over the last 12 months. The
calculation also includes revenue from customers that generated revenue before,
but not in, the corresponding month 12 months prior, but subsequently generated
revenue in the current month and are therefore reflected in the Current Period
Revenue. We include this group of re-engaged customers in this calculation
because our customers frequently use our platform for projects that stop and
start over time. We then divide the total Current Period Revenue by the total
Prior Period Revenue to arrive at the net dollar retention rate for the relevant
month. For a quarterly or annual period, the net dollar retention rate is
determined as the average monthly net dollar retention rates over such three or
12-month period. Our net dollar retention rate for the three months ended March
31, 2021 includes approximately 3% from re-engaged customers.
Capital Expenditures as a Percentage of Revenue
We consider capital expenditures as a percentage of revenue to be an important
indicator of our efficiency of capital spend. We calculate capital expenditures
as a percentage of revenue by dividing total capital expenditures during the
period, including purchases of intangible assets, seller financed equipment
purchases and acquisition of property and equipment from capital leases, by
revenue.
Non­GAAP Financial Measures
To supplement our condensed consolidated financial statements, which are
prepared and presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles in the United States, or GAAP, we provide investors with non-GAAP
financial measures including: (i) adjusted gross profit and adjusted gross
margin; and (ii) adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin. These measures are
presented for supplemental informational purposes only, have limitations as
analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute
for financial information presented in accordance with GAAP. Our calculations of
each of these measures may differ from the calculations of measures with the
same or similar titles by other companies and therefore comparability may be
limited. Because of these limitations, when evaluating our performance, you
should consider each of these non-GAAP financial measures alongside other
financial performance measures, including the most directly comparable financial
measure calculated in accordance with GAAP and our other GAAP results. A
reconciliation of each of our non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly
comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP is set forth
below.
Adjusted Gross Profit and Adjusted Gross Margin
We believe adjusted gross profit and adjusted gross margin, when taken together
with our GAAP financial results, provides a meaningful assessment of our
performance, and is useful for the preparation of our annual operating budget
and quarterly forecasts.
We define adjusted gross profit as gross profit exclusive of stock-based
compensation, amortization of capitalized internal-use software development
costs and depreciation of our data center equipment included within Cost of
revenue. We exclude stock-based compensation, which is a non-cash item, because
we do not consider it indicative of our core operating performance. We exclude
depreciation and amortization, which primarily relates to our investments in our
data center servers that are long lived assets with an economic life of five
years, because it may not reflect our current or future cash spending levels to
support our business. While we intend to spend a significant amount on capital
expenditures on an absolute basis in the coming years, our capital expenditures
as a percentage of revenue has declined significantly and will continue to
decline. We define adjusted gross margin as a percentage of adjusted gross
profit to revenue.
The following table presents a reconciliation of gross profit, the most directly
comparable financial measure stated in accordance with GAAP, to adjusted gross
profit, for each of the periods presented:
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                                        Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)                         2021                        2020
Gross profit                     $      54,117                  $ 38,109
Adjustments:
Depreciation and amortization           19,225                    16,048
Stock-based compensation                   196                        24
Adjusted gross profit            $      73,538                  $ 54,181
Gross margin                                58   %                    52  %
Adjusted gross margin                       79   %                    74  %


Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin
We define adjusted EBITDA as net loss attributable to common stockholders,
adjusted to exclude depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation,
interest expense, income tax expense, loss on extinguishment of debt,
restructuring and severance expense, asset impairment, revaluation of warrants
and other charges. We believe that adjusted EBITDA, when taken together with our
GAAP financial results, provides meaningful supplemental information regarding
our operating performance and facilitates internal comparisons of our historical
operating performance on a more consistent basis by excluding certain items that
may not be indicative of our business, results of operations or outlook. In
particular, we believe that the use of adjusted EBITDA is helpful to our
investors as it is a measure used by management in assessing the health of our
business, determining incentive compensation, evaluating our operating
performance, and for internal planning and forecasting purposes.
Our calculation of adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin may differ from
the calculations of adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin by other
companies and therefore comparability may be limited. Because of these
limitations, when evaluating our performance, you should consider adjusted
EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin alongside other financial performance
measures, including our net loss attributable to common stockholders and other
GAAP results.
The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss attributable to common
stockholders, the most directly comparable financial measure stated in
accordance with GAAP, to adjusted EBITDA for each of the periods presented:
                                                       Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)                                        2021                        2020
Net loss attributable to common stockholders    $      (3,339)                $ (16,933)

Adjustments:


Depreciation and amortization                          20,951                    17,394
Stock-based compensation(1)                             6,624                     9,382
Interest expense                                        2,256                     3,516
Income tax expense                                        996                       748
Loss on extinguishment of debt                          3,435                       259
Restructuring and severance(2)                              -                     3,292
Asset impairment(3)                                         -                       538
Revaluation of warrants                                  (556)                        3
Other(4)                                                  315                       243
Adjusted EBITDA                                 $      30,682                 $  18,442
Revenue                                         $      93,661                 $  72,792
Adjusted EBITDA margin                                     33   %                    25  %


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(1)Consists of stock-based compensation for the three months ended March 31,
2020 and includes compensation of $7.6 million related to secondary sales of
common stock by certain current and former employees. There were no such
expenses recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2021.
(2)Consists primarily of expenses related to changes in our senior leadership,
sales and infrastructure teams.
(3)Consists of internal-use software impairment charges related to software that
is no longer being used.
(4)Consists primarily of third-party consulting costs to enhance our finance
function.
Components of Results of Operations
Revenue
We provide cloud computing services, including but not limited to compute,
storage and networking, to our customers. We recognize revenue based on the
customer utilization of these resources. Customer contracts are primarily
month-to-month and do not include any minimum guaranteed quantities or fees.
Fees are billed monthly, and payment is typically due upon invoicing. Revenue is
recognized net of allowances for credits and any taxes collected from customers,
which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.
We may offer sales incentives in the form of promotional and referral credits
and grant credits to encourage customers to use our services. These types of
promotional and referral credits typically expire in two months or less if not
used. For credits earned with a purchase, they are recorded as contract
liabilities when earned and recognized at the earlier of redemption or
expiration. The majority of credits are redeemed in the month they are earned.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue consists primarily of fees related to operating in third-party
co-location facilities, personnel expenses for those directly supporting our
data centers and non-personnel costs, including amortization of capitalized
internal-use software development costs and depreciation of our data center
equipment. Third-party co-location facility costs include data center rental
fees, power costs, maintenance fees, network and bandwidth. Personnel expenses
include salaries, bonuses, benefits, and stock-based compensation.
We intend to continue to invest additional resources in our infrastructure to
support our product portfolio and scalability of our customer base. The level,
timing and relative investment in our infrastructure could affect our cost of
revenue in the future.
Operating Expenses
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs including
salaries, bonuses, benefits and stock-based compensation. Research and
development expenses also include amortization of capitalized internal-use
software development costs for research and development activities, which are
amortized over three years, and professional services, as well as costs related
to our efforts to add new features to our existing offerings, develop new
offerings, and ensure the security, performance, and reliability of our global
cloud platform. We expect research and development expenses to increase in
absolute dollars as we continue to invest in our platform and product offerings.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel costs of our sales,
marketing and customer support employees including salaries, bonuses, benefits
and stock-based compensation. Sales and marketing expenses also include costs
for marketing programs, advertising and professional service fees. We expect
sales and marketing expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollars as we
enhance our product offerings and implement new marketing strategies.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs of our
human resources, legal, finance, and other administrative functions including
salaries, bonuses, benefits and stock-based compensation. General and
administrative expenses also include bad debt expense, software, payment
processing fees, depreciation and amortization expenses, rent and facilities
costs, and other administrative costs. We expect to incur significant additional
legal, accounting and other expenses to support our transition to and operations
as a public company, including costs associated with our compliance with the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We also expect general and administrative expenses to
increase in absolute dollars as we continue to grow our business.
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Other (Income) Expense
Other (income) expense consists primarily of interest expense on our existing
credit facility and third-party equipment financing, loss on extinguishment of
debt, and gains or losses on foreign currency exchange.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense consists primarily of income taxes in certain foreign and
state jurisdictions in which we conduct business. We maintain a full valuation
allowance on our U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets as we have concluded
that it is more likely than not that the deferred assets will not be realized.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our results of operations for the periods
presented:
                                                       Three Months Ended March 31,
                                                           2021                   2020
                                                              (in thousands)
Revenue                                         $       93,661                 $  72,792
Cost of revenue(1)                                      39,544                    34,683
Gross profit                                            54,117                    38,109
Operating expenses:
Research and development(1)                             22,402                    19,477
Sales and marketing(1)                                  10,421                     9,454
General and administrative(1)                           18,040                    21,665
Total operating expenses                                50,863                    50,596

Net income (loss) from operations                        3,254                   (12,487)
Other (income) expense                                   5,597                     3,698
Loss before income taxes                                (2,343)                  (16,185)
Income tax expense                                         996                       748
Net loss attributable to common stockholders    $       (3,339)                $ (16,933)

___________________

(1) Includes stock-based compensation as follows:


                                    Three Months Ended March 31,
                                          2021                   2020
                                           (in thousands)
Cost of revenue              $          196                    $    24
Research and development              2,636                      2,221
Sales and marketing                   1,137                        226
General and administrative            2,655                      6,911
Total                        $        6,624                    $ 9,382

Stock-based compensation for the three months ended March 31, 2020 included compensation of $7.6 million related to secondary sales of common stock by certain current and former employees, which is primarily included in General and administrative. There were no such expenses recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2021. See "Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020-Operating Expenses" below.


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The following table sets forth our results of operations as a percentage of revenue for the periods presented:


                                                      Three Months Ended March 31,
                                                            2021                  2020
Revenue                                                                100  %     100  %
Cost of revenue                                                         42         48
Gross profit                                                            58         52
Operating expenses:
Research and development                                                24         27
Sales and marketing                                                     11         13
General and administrative                                              19         30
Total operating expenses                                                54         70

Net income (loss) from operations                                        4        (18)
Other (income) expense                                                   6          5
Loss before income taxes                                                (2)       (23)
Income tax expense                                                       1          1
Net loss attributable to common stockholders                            (3) %     (24) %


Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020
Revenue
                   Three Months Ended March 31,
                        2021                    2020        $ Change      % Change
                                 (in thousands)
Revenue     $        93,661                  $ 72,792      $ 20,869           29  %

Revenue increased $20.9 million, or 29%, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020, primarily due to a 20% increase in ARPU to $53.68 from $44.68 and an increase of approximately 39,000 customers to approximately 585,000. The increase in ARPU was primarily driven by continued adoption of our products by our customers leading to higher average usage on our platform. Cost of Revenue


                         Three Months Ended March 31,
                              2021                    2020        $ Change      % Change
                                       (in thousands)
Cost of revenue   $        39,544                  $ 34,683      $  4,861           14  %


Cost of revenue increased $4.9 million, or 14%, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020, primarily due to higher depreciation of our network equipment and co-location costs to support the growth in our business.


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Operating Expenses
                                    Three Months Ended March 31,
                                         2021                    2020        $ Change      % Change
                                                  (in thousands)
Research and development     $        22,402                  $ 19,477      $  2,925           15  %
Sales and marketing                   10,421                     9,454           967           10
General and administrative            18,040                    21,665        (3,625)         (17)
Total operating expenses     $        50,863                  $ 50,596      $    267            1  %


Research and development expenses increased $2.9 million, or 15%, for the three
months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020,
primarily due to higher personnel costs to support our growing operations and
lower capitalization of internal-use software costs, partially offset by a
decrease in restructuring costs.
Sales and marketing expenses increased $1.0 million, or 10%, for the three
months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020,
primarily due to an increase in advertising costs and stock-based compensation,
partially offset by lower restructuring and severance costs.
General and administrative expenses decreased $3.6 million, or 17%, for the
three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31,
2020, primarily due to higher stock-based compensation including secondary sales
of our common stock in the prior year and a decrease in bad debt expense,
partially offset by an increase in professional services and payment processing
fees.
Other (Income) Expense
                                  Three Months Ended March 31,
                                        2021                   2020        $ Change      % Change
                                                (in thousands)
Other (income) expense     $        5,597                    $ 3,698      $  1,899           51  %


Other (income) expense increased $1.9 million, or 51%, for the three months
ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020,
primarily due to the loss on extinguishment of debt related to our payoff of the
Term Loan and notes payable.
Income Tax Expense
                              Three Months Ended March 31,
                                    2021                     2020       $ Change       % Change
                                            (in thousands)
Income tax expense   $           996                        $ 748      $     248           33  %


Income tax expense increased $0.2 million, or 33%, for the three months ended
March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020, primarily due
to income taxes related to international jurisdictions in which we conduct
business.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have funded our operations since inception primarily with cash flow generated
by operations, private offerings of our securities, borrowings under our
existing credit facility and capital expenditure financings. In March 2021, we
consummated our initial public offering of 16,500,000 shares of our common stock
at an offering price of $47.00 per share resulting in aggregate net proceeds to
us of $723.1 million after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions
and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents and cash flow from
operations will be sufficient to support working capital and capital expenditure
requirements for at least the next 12 months.
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The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:


                                                     Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)                                            2021                     2020
Net cash provided by operating activities    $         19,791                   $  1,320
Net cash used in investing activities                 (23,687)                   (28,227)
Net cash provided by financing activities             463,638                     84,459
Net increase in cash and cash equivalent              459,742                     57,552


Operating Activities
Our largest source of operating cash is cash collections from sales to our
customers. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities are for personnel
expenses, data center co-location expenses, marketing expenses, payment
processing fees, bandwidth and connectivity, server maintenance and software
licensing fees. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, we generated positive
cash flows through our public offering of securities. For the three months ended
March 31, 2020, we generated negative cash flows and supplemented working
capital requirements through net proceeds from borrowings under our Credit
Facility.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $19.8 million and $1.3 million for
the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, primarily driven
by an increase in cash collections from higher revenues offset by an increase in
cash expenses from personnel related costs.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $23.7 million and $28.2 million for
the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, primarily as a
result of decreases in capitalization of internal-use software development costs
and acquired intangibles related to our IP addresses.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities of $463.6 million for the three months
ended March 31, 2021 was primarily due to net proceeds from our IPO of $723.1
million, partially offset by repayments on the Credit Facility and notes payable
of $259.7 million.
Net cash provided by financing activities of $84.5 million for the three months
ended March 31, 2020 was primarily due to $78.4 million in net additional
borrowings under the Term Loan and Credit Facility and $7.1 million of proceeds
from third-party equipment financings, partially offset by $3.3 million in
repayment of notes payable associated with financed equipment purchases.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we paid the remaining obligations
on the Credit Facility and all outstanding notes payable. With the exception of
the aforementioned debt repayment, there have been no material changes to our
obligations under our operating leases and purchase commitments as compared to
those disclosed in the Final Prospectus.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We did not have during the periods presented, and we do not currently have, any
off-balance sheet financing arrangements or any relationships with
unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, including entities sometimes
referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, that were
established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or
other contractually narrow or limited purposes.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation
of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,
liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and related disclosures. On an ongoing
basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. Our actual results may differ
from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
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There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies as
compared to those disclosed in the Final Prospectus.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our Notes to
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of recent accounting
pronouncements.
Emerging Growth Company Status
We are an emerging growth company, as defined under the JOBS Act. The JOBS Act
provides that an emerging growth company may take advantage of the extended
transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for
complying with new or revised accounting standards. Therefore, an emerging
growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until
those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to
use the extended transition period under the JOBS Act until the earlier of the
date we (1) are no longer an emerging growth company or (2) affirmatively and
irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act.
As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that
comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company
effective dates.

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