Overview
We are a leading global media company that, through our television and radio segments, reaches and engagesU.S. Hispanics across acculturation levels and media channels. Additionally, our digital segment, whose operations are located primarily inSpain ,Mexico ,Argentina and other countries inLatin America , reaches a global market. Our operations encompass integrated marketing and media solutions, comprised of television, radio and digital properties and data analytics services. For financial reporting purposes, we report in three segments based upon the type of advertising medium: television, radio and digital. Our net revenue for the three-month period endedSeptember 30, 2020 was$63.0 million . Of that amount, revenue attributed to our television segment accounted for approximately 60%, revenue attributed to our digital segment accounted for approximately 22% and revenue attributed to our radio segment accounted for approximately 18%. As of the date of filing this report, own and/or operate 54 primary television stations located primarily inCalifornia ,Colorado ,Connecticut ,Florida ,Kansas ,Massachusetts ,Nevada ,New Mexico ,Texas andWashington, D.C. We own and operate 48 radio stations in 16 U.S. markets. Our radio stations consist of 38 FM and10 AM stations located inArizona ,California ,Colorado ,Florida ,Nevada ,New Mexico andTexas . We also sell advertisements and syndicate radio programming to more than 100 markets acrossthe United States . We also provide digital advertising solutions that allow advertisers to reach primarily online Hispanic audiences worldwide. We operate proprietary technology and data platforms that deliver digital advertising in various advertising formats and which allow advertisers to reach audiences across a wide range of Internet-connected devices on our owned and operated digital media sites; the digital media sites of our publisher partners; and on other digital media sites we access through third-party platforms and exchanges. We generate revenue primarily from sales of national and local advertising time on television stations, radio stations and digital media platforms, and from retransmission consent agreements that are entered into with MVPDs. Advertising rates are, in large part, based on each medium's ability to attract audiences in demographic groups targeted by advertisers. We recognize advertising revenue when commercials are broadcast and when display or other digital advertisements record impressions on the websites of our third party publishers or as the advertiser's previously agreed-upon performance criteria are satisfied. We do not obtain long-term commitments from our advertisers and, consequently, they may cancel, reduce or postpone orders without penalties. We pay commissions to agencies for local, regional and national advertising. For contracts directly with agencies, we record net revenue from these agencies. Seasonal revenue fluctuations are common in our industry and are due primarily to variations in advertising expenditures by both local and national advertisers. Our first fiscal quarter generally produces the lowest net revenue for the year. In addition, advertising revenue is generally higher during presidential election years (2020, 2024, etc.), resulting from significant political advertising and, to a lesser degree, Congressional mid-term election years (2022, 2026, etc.), resulting from increased political advertising, compared to other years. We refer to the revenue generated by agreements with MVPDs as retransmission consent revenue, which represents payments from MVPDs for access to our television station signals so that they may rebroadcast our signals and charge their subscribers for this programming. We recognize retransmission consent revenue earned as the television signal is delivered to the MVPD. OurFCC licenses grant us spectrum usage rights within each of the television markets in which we operate. We regard these rights as a valuable asset. With the proliferation of mobile devices and advances in technology that have freed up excess spectrum capacity, the monetization of our spectrum usage rights has become a significant part of our business in recent years. We generate revenue from agreements associated with these television stations' spectrum usage rights from a variety of sources, including but not limited to agreements with third parties to utilize excess spectrum for the broadcast of their multicast networks; charging fees to accommodate the operations of third parties, including moving channel positions or accepting interference with broadcasting operations; and modifying and/or relinquishing spectrum usage rights while continuing to broadcast through channel sharing or other arrangements. Revenue generated by such agreements is recognized over the period of the lease or when we have relinquished all or a portion of our spectrum usage rights for a station or have relinquished our rights to operate a station on the existing channel free from interference. In addition, we will consider strategic acquisitions of television stations to further this strategy from time to time, as well as additional monetization opportunities expected to arise as the television broadcast industry anticipates advances in ATSC 3.0. Our primary expenses are employee compensation, including commissions paid to our sales staff and amounts paid to our national representative firms, as well as expenses for general and administrative functions, promotion and selling, engineering, marketing and local programming. Our local programming costs for television consist primarily of costs related to producing a local newscast in most of our markets. Cost of revenue related to our digital segment consists primarily of the costs of online media acquired from third-party publishers and third party server costs. Direct operating expenses include salaries and commissions of sales staff, amounts paid to national representation firms, production and programming expenses, fees for ratings services, and engineering costs. Corporate expenses consist primarily of salaries related to corporate officers and back office functions, third party legal and accounting services, and fees incurred as a result of being a publicly traded and reporting company. 28
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Highlights
During the third quarter of 2020, our consolidated revenue decreased to$63.0 million from$68.8 million in the prior year period, primarily due to a decrease in advertising revenue as a result of the continuing economic crisis resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, and a decrease in revenue from spectrum usage rights. The decrease in revenue was partially offset by an increase in political advertising revenue in our television and radio segments, and an increase in retransmission consent revenue in our television segment. Our audience shares remained strong in the nation's most densely populated Hispanic markets. Net revenue in our television segment increased to$37.8 million for the three-month period endedSeptember 30, 2020 from$36.4 million for the three-month period endedSeptember 30, 2019 . This increase of approximately$1.4 million , or 4%, in net revenue was primarily due an increase in political advertising revenue and retransmission consent revenue, partially offset by a decrease in local and national advertising revenue and revenue from spectrum usage rights. The decrease in local and national advertising revenue was primarily a result of the continuing economic crisis resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, ratings declines, competitive factors with other Spanish-language broadcasters, and changing demographic preferences of audiences. We have previously noted a trend for advertising to move increasingly from traditional media, such as television, to new media, such as digital media, and we expect this trend to continue. Net revenue in our digital segment decreased to$13.7 million for the three-month period endedSeptember 30, 2020 from$17.6 million for the three-month period endedSeptember 30, 2019 . This decrease of approximately$3.9 million , or 22%, in net revenue was a result of declines in international revenue and the continuing economic crisis resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. We have previously noted a trend in our domestic digital operations whereby revenue is shifting more to programmatic revenue, and this trend is now growing in markets outsidethe United States . As a result, advertisers are demanding more efficiency and lower cost from intermediaries like us. In response to this trend, we are offering programmatic alternatives to advertisers, which is putting pressure on margins. We expect this trend will continue in future periods, likely resulting in a permanent higher volume, lower margin business in our digital segment. The digital advertising industry remains dynamic and is continuing to undergo rapid changes in technology and competition. We expect this trend to continue and possibly accelerate. We must continue to remain vigilant to meet these dynamic and rapid changes including the need to further adjust our business strategies accordingly. No assurances can be given that such adjustments will be successful. Net revenue in our radio segment decreased to$11.5 million for the three-month period endedSeptember 30, 2020 from$14.8 million for the three-month period endedSeptember 30, 2019 . This decrease of approximately$3.3 million , or 22%, in net revenue was primarily due to decreases in local and national advertising revenue, partially offset by an increase in political advertising revenue. The decrease in local and national advertising revenue was primarily a result of the continuing economic crisis resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, ratings declines and competitive factors with other Spanish-language broadcasters, and changing demographic preferences of audiences. We have previously noted a trend for advertising to move increasingly from traditional media, such as radio, to new media, such as digital media, and we expect this trend to continue. This trend has had a more significant impact on our radio revenue as compared to television revenue, and we expect that this trend will also continue.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on our Business
This section of this report should be read in conjunction with the rest of this item, "Forward-Looking Statements" and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing herein, for a more complete understanding of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business. OnMarch 11, 2020 , theWorld Health Organization (the "WHO") declared COVID-19 a pandemic. OnMarch 13, 2020 , a Presidential proclamation was issued declaring a national emergency inthe United States as a result of COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected our business and, subject to the extent and duration of the pandemic and the continuing economic crisis that has resulted from the pandemic, is anticipated to continue to affect our business, from both an operational and financial perspective, in future periods. 29 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operational Impact
As result of lockdown, shelter-in-place, stay-at-home or similar orders imposed beginning inMarch 2020 , businesses in non-essential industries were closed or their operations were curtailed throughoutthe United States and around the world. By some estimates, up to 95% of theU.S. population has at one time or another been subject to such orders. While a number of such orders have been lifted or eased, unprecedented disruptions in daily life and business continue on a global scale. We are considered, or we believe that we are considered, an "essential business" in all jurisdictions inthe United States that have imposed lockdown, shelter-in-place, stay-at-home or similar orders. To date, we have experienced no significant interruption of our broadcasts in our television and radio segments in any of the markets in which we own and/or operate stations. Nonetheless, we are operating with reduced staff at all of our stations and we cannot give assurance at this time whether a more prolonged or extensive impact of the pandemic in any of our markets would not adversely affect our ability to continue staffing our stations at appropriate levels to continue broadcasts without interruption. Our digital media segment has a significant number of employees inSpain ,Mexico andArgentina , which are among the worst affected countries in the world by the pandemic.Spain began to return to work in July following highly restrictive lockdowns that began inMarch 2020 , although in recent weeks there has been a significant increase in new cases reported and the reimposition of lockdowns in many parts ofSpain .Mexico began lifting lockdown restrictions in early June and has more recently also seen a significant number of new cases and deaths. In late June,Argentina extended and strengthened existing lockdown conditions inBuenos Aires that began nationwide inMarch 2020 as a significant number of new cases and deaths continues. Nonetheless, most of our employees in our digital media segment work remotely and we have not seen a significant interruption in our digital media business to date. We cannot give assurance at this time whether a more prolonged or extensive impact of the pandemic inSpain ,Latin America or any other location where our digital media segment has employees or operates would not adversely affect our digital media business. Our corporate office is located inSanta Monica, California , which, sinceMarch 19, 2020 , has been subject to a general statewide order, as modified from time to time, to stay at home except as needed to maintain continuity of operations of critical infrastructure sectors. We have been operating with reduced staff in our corporate office, with certain staff working remotely, despite some easing of the stay-at-home order inCalifornia during the quarter endedSeptember 30, 2020 . We have not experienced any significant interruption in any of our corporate or administrative departments, including without limitation our finance and accounting departments.
Financial Impact
In the quarter endedSeptember 30, 2020 , the global,U.S. and local economies declined at a slower rate than during the quarter endedJune 30, 2020 . With the exception of political advertising as we enter the height of the election cycle, we continued to experience significant cancellations of advertising and a significant decrease in new advertising placements in our television segment and especially our radio segment that we had begun to experience during the last half ofMarch 2020 , although we experienced this decrease at a slower rate than we did during the quarter endedJune 30, 2020 . The impact on our radio segment continues to be significantly greater than that on our television segment because radio audiences declined at a much greater rate as a result of fewer people commuting to work or driving in general as a result of a combination of lockdown, shelter-in-place, stay-at-home or similar orders that were still in effect in various parts ofthe United States during the quarter endedSeptember 30, 2020 , and changes in personal behavior regardless of whether such lockdown, shelter-in-place, stay-at-home or similar orders were still in effect in certain parts ofthe United States during this period. We believe that these cancellations and reductions in the placement of new advertising are primarily attributable to decisions that our advertisers are making regarding the preservation of their own capital during the continuing business interruption that has resulted from a variety of lockdown, shelter-in-place, stay-at-home or similar orders; the closure of businesses acrossthe United States , including those in the automotive, services, non-emergency healthcare, retail, travel, restaurant and telecommunications industries, which has resulted in consumers not being able to frequent such businesses; reduced demand for products and services by our advertisers' customers,who are our audiences; the diversion of our advertisers' own personnel's attention from advertising activities during the pandemic as a result of health concerns, remote working and/or financial and other non-financial considerations; and the financial solvency of our advertisers in general during the continuing economic crisis that has resulted from the pandemic. To partially address this situation, we have continued to significantly reduce some of our advertising rates, primarily in our radio segment, although the rate of decrease in our advertising rates is at a slower pace than it was during the quarter endedJune 30, 2020 and has been somewhat moderated by political advertising in our inventory during the election cycle. We have also eased credit terms for certain of our advertising clients to help them manage their own cash flow and address other financial needs. 30 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depending upon the extent and duration of the pandemic and the continuing economic crisis that has resulted from the pandemic, we expect that these cancellations and reductions in the placement of new advertising will continue in future periods. Therefore, our results of operations for the quarter endedSeptember 30, 2020 may not be indicative of our results of operations for any future period in fiscal year 2020, the full fiscal year 2020 or any other future period. We cannot give assurance at this time whether a more prolonged or extensive impact of the pandemic and the continuing economic crisis that has resulted from the pandemic would not adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition in future periods during the course of the pandemic, or beyond. Based on publicly available information, while it currently appears that theU.S. and some local economies have continued to improve month-over-month during the quarter endedSeptember 30, 2020 , such improvement is uneven geographically and by industry. We believe that we have not yet felt the full impact of the continuing economic crisis, nor do we know how soon the global,U.S. and local economies will fully recover to pre-pandemic levels. Therefore, while we hope for a different outcome, we anticipate that we may continue to experience an adverse financial impact on our business and results of operations, albeit at a potentially slower rate, and possibly our financial condition, for an unknown period of time even after lockdown, shelter-in-place, stay-at-home and similar orders have been fully lifted and businesses fully reopen. Additionally, any resurgence of the pandemic, which occurred in many areas ofthe United States and certain parts of the world during the quarter endedSeptember 30, 2020 , and/or any reimposition of lockdown, shelter-in-place, stay-at-home and similar orders, could intensify this adverse impact and add uncertainty to our business, results of operations and financial condition in future periods. Primarily during the quarter endedMarch 31, 2020 and early in the quarter endedJune 30, 2020 , we engaged in a small number of layoffs and significant number of furloughs of employees as a result of the pandemic. Subsequent to the end of the quarter endedSeptember 30, 2020 we terminated these previously furloughed employees. We do not expect that severance expense associated with these terminations will be material. We will continue to monitor this situation closely and may institute such further layoffs or furloughs as it may feel are appropriate at a future date. We have elected to defer the employer portion of the social security payroll tax (6.2%) as outlined within the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act of 2020, commonly known as the CARES Act. The deferral is effective fromMarch 27, 2020 throughDecember 31, 2020 . The deferred amount will be paid in two installments and the amount will be considered timely paid if 50% of the deferred amount is paid byDecember 31, 2021 and the remainder byDecember 31, 2022 . In order to preserve cash during this period, we have instituted certain cost reduction measures. OnMarch 26, 2020 , we suspended repurchases under our share repurchase program. EffectiveApril 16, 2020 , we instituted a 2.5%-22.5% reduction in salaries company-wide, depending on the amount of then-current compensation. EffectiveMay 16, 2020 , we suspended company matching of employee contributions to their 401(k) retirement plans. We also reduced our dividend by 50% beginning in the second quarter of 2020, and we may do so in future periods. Additionally, effectiveMay 28, 2020 , the Board of Directors decreased its annual non-employee director fees by 20% for the Board year ending at the 2021 shareholders meeting. We will continue to monitor all of these actions closely in light of current and changing conditions and may institute such additional actions as we may feel are appropriate at a future date. We believe that our liquidity and capital resources remain adequate and that we can meet current expenses for at least the next twelve months from a combination of cash on hand and cash flows from operations. In addition to the great personal toll that the pandemic has exacted and is expected to continue to exact, the challenges it is causing to the global,U.S. and local economies have and will continue to create unprecedented uncertainty in our business and how we plan and respond to rapidly changing circumstances in our operations, as well as the impact this may have on our business, results of operations and financial condition. We are closely monitoring the situation across all fronts and will need to remain flexible to respond to developments as they occur. However, we cannot give any assurance if, or the extent to which, we will be successful in these efforts.
Relationship with Univision
Substantially all of our television stations are Univision- or UniMás-affiliated television stations. Our network affiliation agreement with Univision provides certain of our owned stations the exclusive right to broadcast Univision's primary network and UniMás network programming in their respective markets. Under the network affiliation agreement, we retain the right to sell no less than four minutes per hour of the available advertising time on stations that broadcast Univision network programming, and the right to sell approximately four and a half minutes per hour of the available advertising time on stations that broadcast UniMás network programming, subject to adjustment from time to time by Univision. Under the network affiliation agreement, Univision acts as our exclusive third-party sales representative for the sale of certain national advertising on our Univision- and UniMás-affiliate television stations, and we pay certain sales representation fees to 31
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Univision relating to sales of all advertising for broadcast on our Univision- and UniMás-affiliate television stations. During the three-month periods endedSeptember 30, 2020 and 2019, the amount we paid Univision in this capacity was$2.3 million and$2.0 million , respectively. During the nine-month periods endedSeptember 30, 2020 and 2019, the amount we paid Univision in this capacity was$5.9 million and$6.0 million , respectively. We also generate revenue under two marketing and sales agreements with Univision, which give us the right to manage the marketing and sales operations of Univision-owned Univision affiliates in six markets -Albuquerque ,Boston ,Denver ,Orlando ,Tampa andWashington, D.C. Under the current proxy agreement we have entered into with Univision, we grant Univision the right to negotiate the terms of retransmission consent agreements for our Univision- and UniMás-affiliated television station signals. Among other things, the proxy agreement provides terms relating to compensation to be paid to us by Univision with respect to retransmission consent agreements entered into with MVPDs. During the three-month periods endedSeptember 30, 2020 and 2019, retransmission consent revenue accounted for approximately$9.1 million and$8.8 million , respectively, of which$6.6 million and$7.0 million , respectively, relate to the Univision proxy agreement. During the nine-month periods endedSeptember 30, 2020 and 2019, retransmission consent revenue accounted for approximately$28.0 million and$26.6 million , respectively, of which$20.3 million and$20.7 million , respectively, relate to the Univision proxy agreement. The term of the proxy agreement extends with respect to any MVPD for the length of the term of any retransmission consent agreement in effect before the expiration of the proxy agreement. Univision currently owns approximately 11% of our common stock on a fully-converted basis. Our Class U common stock, all of which is held by Univision, has limited voting rights and does not include the right to elect directors. Each share of Class U common stock is automatically convertible into one share of Class A common stock (subject to adjustment for stock splits, dividends or combinations) in connection with any transfer of such shares of Class U common stock to a third party that is not an affiliate of Univision. In addition, as the holder of all of our issued and outstanding Class U common stock, so long as Univision holds a certain number of shares of Class U common stock, we may not, without the consent of Univision, merge, consolidate or enter into a business combination, dissolve or liquidate our company or dispose of any interest in anyFCC license with respect to television stations which are affiliates of Univision, among other things.
Critical Accounting Policies
For a description of our critical accounting policies, please refer to "Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Accounting Estimates" in Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2019 , filed with theSEC onMarch 16, 2020 .
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For further information on recently issued accounting pronouncements, see Note 2, "The Company and Significant Accounting Policies" in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 32 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Three- and Nine-Month Periods Ended
The following table sets forth selected data from our operating results for the three- and nine-month periods endedSeptember 30, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands): Three-Month Period Nine-Month Period Ended September 30, % Ended September 30, % 2020 2019 Change 2020 2019 Change Statements of Operations Data: Net Revenue$ 62,978 $ 68,816 (8 )%
Cost of revenue - digital media 7,808 9,942 (21 )%
21,602 26,443 (18 )% Direct operating expenses 24,178 30,807 (22 )% 72,997 89,392 (18 )% Selling, general and administrative expenses 9,883 12,457 (21 )% 34,371 39,816 (14 )% Corporate expenses 6,287 6,785 (7 )% 18,511 20,180 (8 )% Depreciation and amortization 3,934 4,190 (6 )% 12,319 12,412 (1 )% Change in fair value contingent consideration - - 0 % - (2,376 ) (100 )% Impairment charge - 9,075 (100 )% 39,835 31,443 27 % Foreign currency (gain) loss (680 ) 927 * 673 977 (31 )% Other operating (gain) loss (2,683 ) (1,572 ) 71 % (5,549 ) (5,165 ) 7 % 48,727 72,611 (33 )% 194,759 213,122 (9 )% Operating income (loss) 14,251 (3,795 ) * (22,416 ) (10,385 ) 116 % Interest expense (1,969 ) (3,537 ) (44 )% (6,673 ) (10,581 ) (37 )% Interest income 467 825 (43 )% 1,630 2,601 (37 )% Dividend income 3 241 (99 )% 26 747 (97 )% Income before income (loss) taxes 12,752 (6,266 ) * (27,433 ) (17,618 ) 56 % Income tax benefit (expense) (3,736 ) (5,920 ) (37 )% 3,195 (9,265 ) * Income (loss) before equity in net income (loss) of nonconsolidated affiliate 9,016 (12,186 ) * (24,238 ) (26,883 ) (10 )% Equity in net income (loss) of nonconsolidated affiliate, net of tax - (31 ) (100 )% - (189 ) (100 )% Net income (loss)$ 9,016 $ (12,217 ) *
Other Data: Capital expenditures 1,841 7,610 7,450 22,433 Consolidated adjusted EBITDA (adjusted for non-cash stock-based compensation) (1) 27,773 29,778 Net cash provided by operating activities 25,717 23,486 Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 35,670 4,852 Net cash used in financing activities (11,218 ) (26,372 )
(1) Consolidated adjusted EBITDA means net income (loss) plus gain (loss) on sale
of assets, depreciation and amortization, non-cash impairment charge,
non-cash stock-based compensation included in operating and corporate
expenses, net interest expense, other income (loss), non-recurring cash
expenses, gain (loss) on debt extinguishment, income tax (expense) benefit,
equity in net income (loss) of nonconsolidated affiliate, non-cash losses,
syndication programming amortization less syndication programming payments,
revenue from
associated with investments, acquisitions and dispositions and certain
pro-forma cost savings. We use the term consolidated adjusted EBITDA because
that measure is defined in our 2017 Credit Agreement and does not include
gain (loss) on sale of assets, depreciation and amortization, non-cash
impairment charge, non-cash stock-based compensation, net interest expense,
other income (loss), non-recurring cash expenses, gain (loss) on debt
extinguishment, income tax (expense) benefit, equity in net income (loss) of
nonconsolidated affiliate, non-cash losses, syndication programming
amortization less syndication programming payments, revenue from
incentive auction less related expenses, expenses associated with investments, acquisitions and dispositions and certain pro-forma cost savings. 33
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Since consolidated adjusted EBITDA is a measure governing several critical aspects of our 2017 Credit Facility, we believe that it is important to disclose consolidated adjusted EBITDA to our investors. We may increase the aggregate principal amount outstanding by an additional amount equal to$100.0 million plus the amount that would result in our total net leverage ratio, or the ratio of consolidated total senior debt (net of up to$75.0 million of unrestricted cash) to trailing-twelve-month consolidated adjusted EBITDA, not exceeding 4.0. In addition, beginningDecember 31, 2018 , at the end of every calendar year, in the event our total net leverage ratio is within certain ranges, we must make a debt prepayment equal to a certain percentage of our Excess Cash Flow, which is defined as consolidated adjusted EBITDA, less consolidated interest expense, less debt principal payments, less taxes paid, less other amounts set forth in the definition of Excess Cash Flow in the 2017 Credit Agreement. The total leverage ratio was as follows (in each case as ofSeptember 30 ): 2020, 3.6 to 1; 2019, 3.3 to 1. While many in the financial community and we consider consolidated adjusted EBITDA to be important, it should be considered in addition to, but not as a substitute for or superior to, other measures of liquidity and financial performance prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted inthe United States of America , such as cash flows from operating activities, operating income (loss) and net income (loss). As consolidated adjusted EBITDA excludes non-cash gain (loss) on sale of assets, non-cash depreciation and amortization, non-cash impairment charge, non-cash stock-based compensation expense, net interest expense, other income (loss), non-recurring cash expenses, gain (loss) on debt extinguishment, income tax (expense) benefit, equity in net income (loss) of nonconsolidated affiliate, non-cash losses, syndication programming amortization less syndication programming payments, revenue fromFCC spectrum incentive auction less related expenses, expenses associated with investments, acquisitions and dispositions and certain pro-forma cost savings, consolidated adjusted EBITDA has certain limitations because it excludes and includes several important financial line items. Therefore, we consider both non-GAAP and GAAP measures when evaluating our business. Consolidated adjusted EBITDA is also used to make executive compensation decisions. 34
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Consolidated adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to consolidated adjusted EBITDA is cash flows from operating activities. A reconciliation of this non-GAAP measure to cash flows from operating activities follows (in thousands):
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