RESULTS OF OPERATIONS:
THIRD QUARTER 2020 VERSUS THIRD QUARTER 2019Net Sales . Net sales for the third quarter of 2020 decreased by$3.1 million or 1% when compared with the third quarter of 2019. Automotive net sales for the third quarter of 2020 were$464.7 million , compared with automotive net sales of$464.3 million in the third quarter of 2019. Automotive net sales were strong during the third quarter of 2020 despite the 3% quarter over quarter decrease in interior auto-dimming mirror unit shipments, which strength was primarily driven by ongoing revenue growth of the Company's Full Display Mirror® product. The 3% decrease in automotive mirror unit shipments in the third quarter of 2020 to 10.6 million units compared with 10.8 million units in the third quarter of 2019, was driven primarily by a 5% quarter over quarter decrease in international auto-dimming mirror unit shipments, stemming largely from the COVID-19 pandemic and related shutdowns. The below table represents the Company's auto-dimming mirror unit shipments for the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 , and 2019 (in thousands). Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 2019 % Change 2020 2019 % Change North American Interior Mirrors 2,234 2,139 4% 5,040 6,571 (23)% North American Exterior Mirrors 1,404 1,412 (1)% 3,093 3,961 (22)% Total North American Mirror Units 3,638 3,551 2% 8,133 10,532 (23)% International Interior Mirrors 4,940 5,189 (5)% 11,670 15,785 (26)% International Exterior Mirrors 1,981 2,101 (6)% 7,028 6,025 17% Total International Mirror Units 6,921 7,290 (5)% 18,697 21,810 (14)% Total Interior Mirrors 7,174 7,328 (2)% 16,709 22,356 (25)% Total Exterior Mirrors 3,385 3,513 (4)% 10,121 9,986 1% Total Auto-Dimming Mirror Units 10,559 10,841 (3)% 26,830 32,342 (17)%
Note: Percent change and amounts may not total due to rounding.
Other net sales were$10.0 million in the third quarter of 2020, a decrease of 26%, compared to$13.5 million in the third quarter of 2019. This decrease is in large part attributable to a 52% quarter over quarter decline in variable dimmable aircraft windows sales, which decreased to$3.6 million in the third quarter of 2020 from$7.5 million in the third quarter of 2019. Fire protection sales increased by 7% in the third quarter of 2020 to$6.4 million , compared to$6.0 million in the third quarter of 2019. Cost of Goods Sold. As a percentage of net sales, cost of goods sold decreased to 60.3% in the third quarter of 2020 versus 62.3% in the third quarter of 2019. The quarter over quarter net increase in gross margin was directly impacted by the increasing strength in orders during the third quarter of 2020, as well as the previously announced$35 million in annualized structural cost reductions that took place in the second quarter of 2020. Gross margin was also impacted positively by purchasing cost reductions and improvements in tariff related costs, which together were able to offset the typical impact caused by annual customer price reductions. On a quarter over quarter basis, the savings as a result of structural cost reductions that took place in the second quarter of 2020 had a positive impact of approximately 150 - 200 basis points on gross margin, and the above-referenced purchasing cost reductions and tariffs independently had a positive impact of approximately 50 - 100 basis points on gross margin, each on a quarter over quarter basis. These positive impacts were partially offset by annual customer price
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reductions, which had a negative impact of approximately 200 - 250 basis points on gross margin on a quarter over quarter basis.
Operating Expenses. Engineering, research and development ("E, R & D") expenses for the third quarter of 2020 decreased by 5% or$1.6 million when compared with the third quarter of 2019, primarily due to reductions in wages and discretionary spending as a result of the structural cost reductions that took place in the second quarter 2020. Selling, general and administrative ("S, G & A") expenses decreased by 5% or$1.2 million for the third quarter of 2020 compared to the third quarter of 2019. S, G & A expenses remained at 5% of net sales in the third quarter of 2020, similar to the third quarter of 2019. S, G, & A expenses decreased on a quarter over quarter basis primarily due to reductions in wages and discretionary spending. Total operating expenses were$49.4 million in the third quarter of 2020, which decreased by 5% or$2.8 million , from$52.2 million in the third quarter of 2019. The decrease in total operating expenses was primarily driven by reductions in wages and discretionary spending, such as decreased spending for trade shows and travel expenses. Total Other Income. Total other income for the third quarter of 2020 increased by$0.6 million when compared with the third quarter of 2019. Provision for Income Taxes. The effective tax rate was 18.1% and income tax expense of$25.8 million in the third quarter of 2020 compared to a 15.0% effective tax rate and income tax expense of$19.7 million for the same quarter of 2019. Typically, effective tax rates for the Company differ from statutory federal income tax rates, due to provisions for state and local income taxes, permanent tax differences, research and development tax credits and the foreign-derived intangible income tax deduction. Net Income. Net income for the third quarter of 2020 was$117.1 million , up from a net income of$111.9 million the third quarter of 2019. Earnings Per Share. The Company had earnings per diluted share for the third quarter of 2020 of$0.48 which compared to earnings per diluted share of$0.44 for the third quarter of 2019. NINE MONTHS ENDEDSEPTEMBER 30, 2020 VERSUS NINE MONTHS ENDEDSEPTEMBER 30, 2019 Net Sales .Net Sales for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 decreased by$256.7 million or 18% when compared with the same period in 2019. Automotive net sales for the first nine months of 2020 were$1.13 billion , down 18% compared with automotive net sales of$1.38 billion for the first nine months of 2019, driven by a 17% period over period decrease in automotive mirror unit shipments. North American automotive mirror shipments in the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 decreased 23% to 8.1 million units compared with the same period in 2019. Cost of Goods Sold. As a percentage of net sales, cost of goods sold increased to 66.4% for the first nine months of 2020, versus 62.8% in the same period last year. The period over period decrease in the gross profit margin was primarily the result of the Company's inability to leverage fixed overhead during the second quarter of 2020 as a result of COVID-19 related shutdowns and decreases in demand, as well as annual customer price reductions, which were partially offset by improvements in product mix related to Full Display Mirror® as well as purchasing cost reductions and structural cost reductions. On a period over period basis, the inability to leverage fixed overhead had a negative impact of approximately 200 - 300 basis points, and annual customer price reductions had an additional negative impact of approximately 150 - 200 basis points, each on gross margin. Purchasing cost reductions, product mix improvements, and structural cost reductions each independently had a positive impact on gross margin on a period over period basis of approximately 50 - 100 basis points. Operating Expenses. E, R & D expenses for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 increased 1% or$0.6 million when compared with the same period last year. The increase was primarily due to severance
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related costs incurred in the second quarter of 2020 and staffing levels in the first six months of 2020, which were partially offset by lower overall expense levels as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. S, G & A expenses for the first nine months of 2020 increased 3% or$2.2 million when compared with the same period last year, primarily due to severance related costs, wages and benefits, other resources associated with mitigation of the impacts of the global COVID-19 pandemic, and increased legal and professional fees associated with acquisitions of new technology described in Note 16
of
the financial statements included in this Form 10-Q. Total Other Income. Total other income for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 was$9.2 million compared with$9.1 million for the same period last year. Provision for Income Taxes. The effective tax rate was 17.1% for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 compared to 15.9% for the same period of 2019. Net Income. Net income for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 decreased by$120.9 million or 37% to$204.2 million versus$325.1 million in the same period last year, due to the lower net sales and the corresponding decrease in gross profit, as well as the increases in operating expenses described above. Earnings Per Share. The Company had earnings per diluted share for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 of$0.82 which compared to earnings per diluted share of$1.26 for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2019 , primarily as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related shutdowns as explained above.
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FINANCIAL CONDITION: The Company's cash and cash equivalents as ofSeptember 30, 2020 were$400.5 million , which increased$104.2 million compared to$296.3 million as ofDecember 31, 2019 . The increase was primarily due to cash flows from operations and the draw-down of$75 million on the Company's line of credit during the first quarter of 2020 (as described in Note 9 of the financial statements included in this Form 10-Q), which was partially offset by share repurchases, dividend payments, capital expenditures, and repayment of$50 million on the line of credit during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 . Short-term investments as ofSeptember 30, 2020 were$52.6 million , down from$140.4 million as ofDecember 31, 2019 , and long-term investments were$159.0 million as ofSeptember 30, 2020 , compared to$139.9 million as ofDecember 31, 2019 . Changes in the investment balances were primarily driven by changes in fixed income investment maturities within the investment portfolio. Accounts receivable as ofSeptember 30, 2020 increased approximately$33.0 million compared toDecember 31, 2019 , primarily due to the increase in sales during the most recently completed quarter. As ofSeptember 30, 2020 , all of the Company's material tier one and OEM customers continue to be in good standing. Inventories as ofSeptember 30, 2020 were$233.4 million , compared to$248.9 million as ofDecember 31, 2019 , primarily due to decreases in finished goods and raw materials on hand. Throughout 2020, the Company's purchasing and supply chain teams have had to manage through supply chain stresses, which have included managing rolling shutdowns in the Company's supplier base, managing run-out situations on certain components, working through the second quarter order reductions, and now meeting rebounding demand that occurred in the third, and is expected to occur in the fourth, quarter of 2020. Accounts payable as ofSeptember 30, 2020 decreased approximately$7.3 million to$90.2 million when compared toDecember 31, 2019 , primarily driven by lower purchases from suppliers in the quarter, lower levels of capital expenditures and less discretionary spending during the quarter. Accrued liabilities as ofSeptember 30, 2020 increased approximately$46.9 million compared toDecember 31, 2019 , primarily due to an increase in accrued salaries and wages, accrued severance liabilities, and tax liabilities due to timing of certain wage and tax payments. The current portion of long-term debt as ofSeptember 30, 2020 increased$25.0 million compared toDecember 31, 2019 . This is a result of the draw-down of$75.0 million on the Company's$150 million line of credit during the first quarter of 2020, of which$50 million was paid off during the third quarter. See Note 9 of the financial statements included in this Form 10-Q for additional details. Cash flow from operating activities for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 decreased$54.9 million to$329.0 million , compared with$383.9 million during the same nine month period last year, primarily due to lower net income, which was partially offset by changes in working capital. Capital expenditures for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 were approximately$37.0 million , compared with approximately$58.3 million for the same nine month period last year, as a result of spending containment strategies. The Company believes its existing and planned facilities are currently suitable, adequate, and have the capacity required for current and near-term planned business. Nevertheless, the Company continues to evaluate longer term facility needs. The Company estimates that it currently has building capacity to manufacture approximately 33 - 36 million interior mirror units annually and approximately 14 - 17 million exterior mirror units annually, based on current product mix. The Company evaluates equipment capacity on an ongoing basis and adds equipment as needed. Management considers the current working capital and long-term investments, in addition to internally generated cash flow, its Credit Agreement, and credit worthiness, to be sufficient to cover anticipated cash needs for the foreseeable future considering its contractual obligations and commitments.
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The following is a summary of working capital and long-term investments:
September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 Working Capital$ 738,829,396 $ 778,530,092 Long Term Investments 159,011,362 139,909,323 Total$ 897,840,758 $ 918,439,415 The decrease in working capital as ofSeptember 30, 2020 is primarily due to lower sales and lower net income, as well as share repurchases, dividend payments and capital expenditures. In order to continue to maintain flexibility and liquidity during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the first quarter of 2020 the Company drew-down$75 million on its line of credit, of which$50 million was paid off in the third quarter of 2020, which is classified as short-term debt as discussed in Note 9 of the financial statements included in this Form 10-Q. The Company believes it has the ability to repay the remaining balance in the fourth quarter of 2020. The Company has a previously announced share repurchase plan under which the Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of shares of the Company's common stock, which remains a part of the broader publicly disclosed capital allocation strategy. During the third quarter of 2020, the Company repurchased 1,175,756 shares under the share repurchase plan. Future share repurchases may vary from time to time and will take into account macroeconomic events (including the COVID-19 pandemic), market trends, and other factors the Company deems appropriate (including the market price of the stock, anti-dilutive effect of repurchases, and available cash). During the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2020 , the Company repurchased 8,194,788 shares. The Company has 11,870,531 shares remaining under the plan as ofSeptember 30, 2020 , as is further detailed in Part II, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q.
BUSINESS UPDATE
For the third quarter of 2020, the Company reported net sales of$474.6 million , which was a decrease of 1% compared to net sales of$477.8 million in the third quarter of 2019. The Company's decrease of 1% in net sales was in comparison to global light vehicle production levels that dropped 4% for the third quarter of 2020 when compared to the third quarter of 2019. However, the light vehicle production declines were even more severe inEurope and theJapan /Korea markets, which each experienced a 8% quarter over quarter reduction, which was partially offset by theChina market increase of 11%, whileNorth America remained relatively flat. The Company's main revenue generating markets areNorth America ,Europe , andJapan /Korea which were collectively down 5% quarter over quarter. The Company's overall revenue out-performance in comparison to production declines in the Company's primary underlying markets was largely due to the relative success of the Full Display Mirror®. Interior and exterior auto-dimming mirrors and advanced electronic features were launched on 23 net new nameplates during the third quarter of 2020, net of previously announced losses. Of these new launches in the third quarter of 2020, approximately 50% contained advanced features, which was primarily driven by HomeLink®, Integrated Toll Module®, and Full Display Mirror®. Despite challenging economic conditions created by the COVID-19 pandemic, the base inside auto-dimming mirror launches included new models in all of the Company's major markets, while advanced feature launches were led by new models for both HomeLink®, Integrated Toll Module®, and Full Display Mirror®.
PRODUCT UPDATE
The Full Display Mirror® began production in the fourth quarter of 2015. Current automotive design trends are yielding vehicles with small rear windows that are often further obstructed by headrests, passengers, and roof support pillars which can significantly hinder the mirror's rearward view. The Company's Full Display Mirror® is an intelligent rear vision system that uses a custom, internally or externally mounted video camera and mirror-integrated video display to optimize a vehicle driver's rearward view. This rear vision system consists of a hybrid Full Display Mirror® that offers bi-modal functionality. In mirror mode, the product functions as an auto-dimming rearview mirror which means that during nighttime driving, digital light
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sensors talk to one another via a microprocessor to automatically darken the mirror when glare is detected. With the flip of a switch, the mirror enters display mode, and a clear, bright display appears through the mirror's reflective surface, providing a wide, unobstructed rearward view. The bi-modality of the Full Display Mirror® is essential, because in the event of any failure of the camera or display, the product is able to function as a mirror, which meets long-standing safety requirements in the automotive industry. In addition, the driver has the ability to switch between modes to accommodate usage preferences for various weather conditions, lighting conditions, and driving tasks. In the first quarter of 2020, the Company announced Aston Martin at CES, and began shipping to Mitsubishi, as OEMs for Full Display Mirror®. As of the third quarter of 2020, the Company is shipping production Full Display Mirrors® to eight automaker customers, which are General Motors, Subaru,Toyota , Nissan, Jaguar Land Rover, Mitsubishi, Aston Martin, andFCA . As of the end of the third quarter of 2020, the Company is shipping Full Display Mirror® on 50 nameplates, of which 18 nameplates were launched during 2020. The second quarter launch of the Full Display Mirror® for the Toyota Harrier was the first Full Display Mirror® to launch with Digital Video Recording ("DVR") capability. This mirror and system launched in theJapan market, and combine the superior functionality of the Full Display Mirror® with the added capability to record video from the rearward facing and forward-facing cameras simultaneously. Per OEM request, the data is stored to an SD storage card. This integrated solution provides consumers with the features they want, while allowing the OEM to control the integration and execution in the vehicle. The Company remains confident that on-going discussions with certain other customers, in the future, may cause such customers to consider adding the Full Display Mirror® into their product road-map for future vehicles. In 2017, the Company introduced a new three-camera rear vision system that streams rear video in multiple composite views to its Full Display Mirror®. The Company believes it is the industry's first practical and comprehensive rear vision solution designed to meet automaker, driver, safety and regulatory requirements. The Company's rear vision system, known generally as a camera monitoring system ("CMS"), uses three cameras to provide a comprehensive view of the sides and rear of the vehicle. The side-view cameras are discretely housed in downsized, automatic-dimming exterior mirrors. Their video feeds are combined with that of a roof-mounted or rear window based camera and stitched together into multiple composite views, which are streamed to the driver using the Full Display Mirror®. The system's modular nature lets the automaker customize functionality while offering it as an affordable, optional feature thereby enhancing safety by allowing the system to fail safe. During any failures due to weather conditions or otherwise that disrupt the digital view, drivers can still safely use the interior and exterior mirrors. The system also supports user preference by permitting drivers to use standard mirror views, camera views, or both. The system can also be tuned to meet the various regulatory field-of-view requirements around the world by using different types of flat and curved glass, combined with simple alterations to the video viewing modes. Downsized exterior mirrors provide automakers with significant weight savings and fuel efficiency improvements. To further enhance safety, the Company's CMS solution can also work in conjunction with a vehicle's side blind zone warning system. When a trailing vehicle enters a side blind zone, a warning indicator illuminates in both the interior and exterior mirrors while the corresponding side-view video feed appears in the display until the vehicle passes. InJanuary 2020 , the Company announced a collaboration with Aston Martin to bring CMS to future Aston Martin vehicles. OnMarch 31, 2014 , theAlliance of Automobile Manufacturers petitioned theNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration ("NHTSA") to allow automakers to use cameras as an option to replace conventional rearview mirrors withinthe United States . At the annual SAE Government-Industry Meeting inJanuary 2017 , NHTSA requested that SAE develop Recommended Procedures for test protocols and performance criteria for CMS that would replace mirror systems on light vehicles in the U.S. market. SAE assigned the task to the Driver Vision Committee, and the SAE Driver Vision Committee created aCMS Task Force to draft the Recommended Procedures. NHTSA published a report datedOctober 2018 related to camera monitoring systems for outside mirror replacements. OnOctober 10, 2019 , an Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPRM) was published seeking public comment on permitting camera-based rear visibility systems, as an alternative to inside and outside rearview mirrors required under Federal motor vehicle safety standard (FMVSS) No. 111, "Rear Visibility," which currently requires that vehicles be equipped with rearview mirrors to provide drivers with a view of objects that are to their side or to their side and rear. This ANPRM builds on NHTSA's prior efforts to obtain supporting technical information, data, and analysis on CMS so that the agency can determine whether these systems can provide the same level of safety as the rearview mirrors currently required under FMVSS No. 111. The ANPRM states that one reason
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NHTSA is seeking additional information is because research conducted by NHTSA and others between 2006 and 2017 has consistently shown that prototype and preproduction camera-based rear visibility systems can exhibit safety-relevant performance issues. OnOctober 18, 2019 , a petition for temporary exemption from FMVSS 111 submitted byAudi of America was published requesting NHTSA to grant a two-year exemption to sell up to 2,500 vehicles for each twelve month period (up to 5,000 vehicles) that are equipped with camera monitoring systems and do not include FMVSS 111 compliant outside mirrors. InJuly 2016 , a revision to UN-ECE Regulation 46 was published with an effective date ofJune 18, 2016 , which allows for CMS to replace mirrors inJapan and European countries. SinceJanuary 2017 , camera monitoring systems are also permitted as an alternative to replace mirrors in the Korean market. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company continues to believe rearview mirrors provide a robust, simple and cost effective means to view the surrounding areas of a vehicle and remain the primary safety function for rear vision today. Cameras when used as the primary rear vision delivery mechanism have some inherent limitations such as: electrical failure; cameras being blocked or obstructed; depth perception challenges; and viewing angles of the camera. Nonetheless, the Company continues designing and manufacturing not only rearview mirrors, but CMOS imagers and video displays as well. The Company believes that combining video displays with mirrors may well provide a more robust product by addressing all driving conditions in a single solution that can be controlled by the driver. As noted, the Company is currently in production with a rear vision camera system that streams rear video to a rearview-mirror-integrated display using the Company's Full Display Mirror®. The Company's CMS solution uses three cameras to provide a comprehensive view of the sides and rear of the vehicle. The Company also continues development in the areas of imager performance, camera dynamic range, lens design, image processing from the camera to the display, and camera lens cleaning. The Company acknowledges that as such technology evolves over time, such as cameras replacing mirrors and/or autonomous driving, there could be increased competition. The Company's HomeLink® products are the auto industry's most widely used and trusted car-to-home communication system, with an estimated 50 million units on the road. The system consists of two or three in-vehicle buttons that can be programmed to operate garage doors, security gates, home lighting, and other radio-frequency-controlled devices. During the first quarter of 2017, the Company demonstrated the next generation of HomeLink®, commonly referred to as HomeLink Connect® which uses both RF and wireless cloud-based connectivity to deliver complete vehicle-to-home automation. With HomeLink Connect®, a HomeLink® button press communicates with the HomeLink Connect® app on the user's smartphone. The app contains predefined, user-programmed actions, from single device operations to entire home automation scenes. The app, in turn, communicates to the home's smart hub over the cloud activates the appropriate devices, including security systems, door locks, thermostats, lighting, and other home automation devices, providing comprehensive vehicle-to-home automation. The ability to prepare the home for arrival or departure can occur with one button press. For the automaker, it allows them to offer a customizable, yet proven solution without the engineering effort or security concerns associated with integrating 3rd party software into the vehicle's computer network. The Company also continues to work on providing HomeLink® applications for alternative automobile and vehicle types which include but are not limited to motorcycles, mopeds, snowmobiles, tractors, combines, lawn mowers, loaders, bulldozers, road-graders, backhoes and golf carts. The Company further continues to work with compatibility partners for HomeLink® applications in newer markets likeChina . The unique attributes of theChina market allow for potential different use cases of these products and offer the potential for additional growth opportunities for the of the HomeLink® brand and products. In 2017, the Company began its first volume production shipments of HomeLink® units on vehicles for theChina market. InJanuary 2016 , the Company announced a partnership with TransCore to provide automobile manufacturers with a vehicle-integrated tolling solution that enables motorists to drive on nearly allU.S. toll roads without a traditional toll tag on the windshield. Currently more than 75 percent of new car registrations are in states with toll roads with over 50 million drivers accessing these roads each year. The Company signed an exclusive agreement, in the ordinary course of business, to integrate TransCore's toll module technology. InJanuary 2017 , the Company signed an extension of its agreement in the ordinary course of business, which enables the Company to offer the Integrated Toll Module system inCanada andMexico . InSeptember 2019 , the Company signed a new agreement with TransCore, in the ordinary course of business, which extended the term of the partnership. The interior mirror is the optimal location for a vehicle-integrated toll transponder and it eliminates the need to affix multiple toll tags to the windshield and
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helps automakers seamlessly integrate toll collection into the car. Since the Integrated Toll Module® or ITM® enables travel across almost allUnited States toll roads, and others inNorth America , motorists would no longer need multiple toll tags for different regions of the country or to manage multiple toll accounts. The Company's vehicle-integrated solution simplifies and expedites local, regional, and national travel. ITM® provides transportation agencies with an interoperability solution without costly infrastructure changes to the thousands of miles of toll lanes throughoutNorth America . The Company believes that this product could potentially represent another growth opportunity over the next several years. The Company has its first OEM award of ITM® with Audi. In the first quarter of 2019, the Company began its first volume shipments of the ITM® product to Audi. During the second quarter of 2019, the first consumers began registering their ITM® systems online to activate the device and began using the system for normal tolling use. The Company continues to monitor and assess feedback from consumers, dealers, and the OEM in order to help others understand the use case and acceptance of this product. In late June of 2020, Audi published a press release on the 2021 Audi Q5, in which they announced it will implement the ITM® product as well. During the third quarter of 2020, the Company made its first production shipments of ITM® on 6 new platforms for Audi. Currently, the Company is shipping ITM® on 9 platforms, which are: the A4, A5, A6, A7, Q5, Q7, Q8, e-tron, and the e-tron Sportback. Over the next 18 months, the Company expects further ITM® nameplate launches with Audi, as well as the initial launch of ITM® at its second OEM. The launch is targeted to begin production shipments toward the end of calendar year 2020. InApril 2020 , the Company was honored with an Automotive News PACE Award for its ITM® product, which recognizes automotive suppliers for superior innovation, technological advancement, and business performance. Further, the Company has previously announced an embedded biometric solution for vehicles that leverages iris scanning technology to create a secure environment in the vehicle. There are many use cases for authentication, which range from vehicle security to start functionality to personalization of mirrors, music, seat location and temperature, to the ability to control transactions not only for the ITM® system, but also the ride sharing car of the future. The Company believes iris recognition is among the most secure forms of biometric identification, with a false acceptance rate as low as one in 10 million, far superior to facial, voice, and other biometric systems. The Company's future plans include integrating biometric authentication with HomeLink® and HomeLink Connect®. The biometric system will allow HomeLink® to provide added security and convenience for multiple drivers by activating the unique home automation presets of different authorized users. The Company announced inJanuary 2018 that it completed an exclusive licensing agreement, in the ordinary course of business, with Fingerprint Cards AB to deploy its ActiveIRIS® iris-scanning biometric technology in automotive applications. InJanuary 2018 , the Company also announced that an agreement had been signed, in the ordinary course of business, to participate in a round of financing with Yonomi, the Company's partner in home automation technology. The Company is working with Yonomi as a home automation aggregation partner and the Company has developed an app and cloud infrastructure known as HomeLink Connect®. As discussed above, HomeLink Connect® is the home automation app that pairs with the vehicle and allows drivers to operate home automation devices from the vehicle. Drivers of HomeLink Connect® compatible vehicles will be able to download and configure the app to control many available home automation devices and create entire home automation settings. SmartBeam® is the Company's proprietary high beam control system integrated into its auto-dimming mirror. SmartBeam® Generation 4, which was developed using the fourth generation of the Company's custom designed CMOS imager, has an advanced feature set made possible by the high dynamic range of the imager including: high beam assist; dynamic forward lighting with high beams constantly on; LED matrix beam; and a variety of specific detection applications including tunnel, fog and road type as well as certain lane tracking features to assist with lighting control. The Company has the ability to package the control electronics inside of its interior rearview mirrors with a self-calibrating camera attached to the mirror mount with optimal mechanical packaging which also provides for ease of service. In addition, the Company has long been integrating its camera products to optimize performance by fusing with other systems on the vehicle, including radar, navigation, steering and related modules provided by other suppliers. This enables the Company to provide its customers with a highly customizable solution that meets their unique needs and specifications.
The European New Car Assessment Program ("Euro NCAP") provides an incentive for
automobiles sold in
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also capable of including high beam assist as a function. The increased application of Euro NCAP on European vehicles has had the effect of replacing, and could potentially continue replacing, the Company's SmartBeam® application on these vehicles. OnDecember 8, 2015 NHTSA proposed changes to the NHTSA's 5-Star Safety Ratings for new vehicles (also known as the New Car Assessment Program or NCAP) and initiated a comment period. The proposed changes will, for the first time, encompass assessment of crash-avoidance technologies, which includes lower beam headlamp performance, semi-automatic headlamp switching, and blind spot detection. NHTSA initially intended to implement the enhancements in NCAP in 2018 beginning with model year 2019 vehicles. The NCAP implementation has been delayed. Under these proposed changes, the Company believes that its SmartBeam® technology will qualify with the semi-automatic headlamp NCAP rating system, and that its SmartBeam® technology and exterior mirrors with blind spot alert lighting can be included in a system that qualifies with the lower beam headlamp performance and blind spot detection NCAP rating system, respectively. OnOctober 16, 2019 , NHTSA issued a press release comparing NCAP to other regions' version of NCAP, identified new technologies that are not currently included in NCAP, and suggestedCongress legislatively direct actions to improve NCAP. InMarch 2020 , HR 6256 was introduced, which would require NHTSA to update NCAP. OnOctober 12, 2018 , NHTSA published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking ("NPRM") for amendments to Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard ("FMVSS") No. 108: Lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment, and initiated a comment period. The NPRM proposes amendments that would permit the certification of adaptive driving beam headlighting systems, if the manufacturer chooses to equip vehicles with these systems. NHTSA proposes to establish appropriate performance requirements to ensure the safe introduction of adaptive driving beam headlighting systems if equipped on newly manufactured vehicles. The Company believes that its dynamic SmartBeam® lighting control system (dynamic forward lighting or DFL), which has been sold in markets outside ofNorth America for several years, will meet the requirements of the new FMVSS 108 standards, if amended. The Company's SmartBeam® application has and will continue to be affected by increased competition by suppliers of multi-function driver assist camera products, which are able to achieve some of the same functionality as SmartBeam® but at a lower cost, due to other suppliers leveraging similar hardware costs, but offering products with multiple software features. The Company previously announced that it is providing variably dimmable windows for the Boeing 787 Dreamliner series of aircraft. The Company continues to work with other aircraft manufacturers that have an interest in this technology regarding potential additional programs. InJanuary 2019 , the Company announced that its latest generation of dimmable aircraft windows will be offered as optional content on the new Boeing 777X. During the third quarter of 2019, the first production shipments of variably dimmable windows were made to Boeing for the 777X program. InJanuary 2020 , the Company announced that Airbus will also be offering the Company's dimmable aircraft windows on its aircraft with production starting in late 2020. InJanuary 2020 the Company unveiled an innovative lighting technology for medical applications that was co-developed withMayo Clinic . This new lighting concept represents the collaboration of a global, high-technology electronics company with a world leader in health care. The Company's new intelligent lighting system combines ambient room lighting with camera-controlled, adaptive task lighting to optimize illumination for surgical and patient-care environments. The system was developed over an 18 month period of collaboration between Company engineers andMayo Clinic surgeons, scientists, and operating room staff. The teams researched, designed, and rapidly iterated multiple prototypes in order to develop unique features intended to address major gaps in current surgical lighting solutions. Throughout 2020 the Company has been working on the intelligent medical lighting system in preparation for clinical trials in order to assess system performance and work toward obtaining any necessary approvals. The Company estimates that it could take 18 to 24 months to complete these trials, before a system could be available for commercial applications.
OTHER
Automotive revenues represent approximately 97% - 98% of the Company's total revenue, consisting of interior and exterior electrochromic automatic-dimming rearview mirrors and automotive electronics.
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The Company does continue to experience pricing pressure from its automotive customers and competitors, which will continue to cause downward pressure on its sales and profit margins. The Company works continuously to offset these price reductions with engineering and purchasing cost reductions, productivity improvements, and increases in unit sales volume, but there is no assurance the Company will be able to do so in the future.
Because the Company sells its products throughout the world, and automotive manufacturing is highly dependent on economic conditions, the Company can be affected by uncertain economic conditions that can reduce demand for its products. The Company has been likewise affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Company believes that its patents and trade secrets provide it with a competitive advantage in dimmable devices, electronics and other features that it offers for the automotive, aerospace and medical industry. Claims of patent infringement can be costly and time-consuming to address. To that end, the Company obtains intellectual property rights in the ordinary course of business to strengthen its intellectual property portfolio and to minimize the risk of infringement.
The Company does not have any significant off-balance sheet arrangements or commitments that have not been recorded in its consolidated financial statements.
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OUTLOOK
The Company's forecasts for light vehicle production for the fourth quarter and full year 2020 are based on IHS Markit'smid-October 2020 forecasts for light vehicle production inNorth America ,Europe ,China , andJapan /Korea . Based on this information, light vehicle production in the Company's primary markets are expected to be down 2% for the fourth quarter of 2020 versus the same quarter last year. For calendar year 2020, light vehicle production in the Company's primary markets is expected to be down 16% when compared to calendar year 2019. Fourth quarter 2020, and calendar years 2020 and 2021, forecasted vehicle production volumes are shown below: Light Vehicle Production (per IHS
(in Millions)
2021 vs 2020 2020 vs 2019 Region Q4 2020 Q4 2019 % Change Calendar Year 2021 Calendar Year 2020 Calendar Year 2019 % Change % Change North America 3.82 3.84 (1) % 15.90 13.00 16.32 22 % (20) % Europe 5.11 5.17 (1) % 18.97 16.37 21.14 16 % (23) % Japan and Korea 3.13 3.22 (3) % 11.83 11.08 13.11 7 % (15) % China 7.07 7.36 (4) % 24.18 22.84 24.67 6 % (7) % Total Light Vehicle Production 19.13 19.59 (2) % 70.88 63.29 75.24 12 % (16) % Based on this light vehicle production forecast and the structural changes that the Company has made during 2020, the Company is updating previously provided guidance estimates for the second half of 2020. Given the magnitude of changes this year, the Company continues to believe that providing updated second half guidance will provide a more accurate representation of the new cost structure and financial performance for the remainder of 2020. Such guidance for the second half of 2020 reflects the Company's best estimate of the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, as well as changes to the IHS Markit's estimates for light vehicle production for the remainder of 2020. Based on the aforementioned, the Company currently estimates that top line revenue for the second half of calendar year 2020 will be between$940 and$960 million . Ongoing uncertainties remain around the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on customer demand and restrictions on operations. COVID-19 has created unprecedented circumstances for the Company's industries, which included massive changes to production levels at its customers, which occurred in a very short time period. Beyond the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, other ongoing uncertainties remain including: light vehicle production levels; impacts of already in place and potential additional future tariffs; impacts of regulation changes; automotive plant shutdowns; supplier part shortages; vehicle sales rates inEurope ,Asia andNorth America ; OEM strategies and cost pressures; customer inventory management and the impact of potential automotive customer (including their Tier 1 suppliers) and supplier bankruptcies; work stoppages; etc., all of which could disrupt shipments to these customers and make forecasting difficult. Based on updated net sales guidance for the remainder of calendar year 2020, as well as actual results for the first nine months of 2020 and anticipated product mix, the Company has estimated that the gross margin will be between 39% and 40% for the second half of calendar year 2020. The Company is updating the guidance range for operating expenses, which include E, R & D expenses and S, G & A expenses. The Company has estimated that its operating expenses are now expected to be approximately$95 -$100 million for the second half of calendar year 2020. As part of the Company's renewed focus on optimizing its cost structure over the remainder of the year, the Company now anticipates that capital expenditures for the second half of calendar year 2020 will be approximately$25 -$30 million , the majority of which will be equipment purchases. Capital expenditures in calendar year 2020 are currently anticipated to be financed from current cash and cash equivalents on hand and cash flows from operating activities.
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Based on actual results for the first nine months of 2020, and expected projects in the remainder of the year, the Company now estimates that depreciation and amortization expense for the second half of calendar year 2020 will be approximately$50 -$55 million . The Company now estimates its effective annual tax rate for the second half of calendar year 2020 to be in the range of 16% to 17%, which reflects the anticipated lower discrete benefits from stock option exercises of the Company's employees and reduced foreign-derived intangible income tax benefits due to geographical mix changes within its customer base. In accordance with the previously announced share repurchase plan, and provided that business begins to return to more normalized levels, the Company will consider the appropriateness of any share repurchases for the remainder of 2020. This determination will take into account macroeconomic issues (including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic), market trends, and other factors that the Company deems appropriate (including the market price of the stock, anti-dilutive effect of repurchases, and available cash). As ofSeptember 30, 2020 , the Company has 11.9 million shares remaining available for repurchase under the previously announced share repurchase plan. Additionally, based on themid-October 2020 light vehicle production estimates for 2021, the Company is re-introducing revenue guidance for 2021, despite the fact that there continues to be significant uncertainty regarding macroeconomic conditions, underlying overall consumer demand for light vehicles worldwide, and the continued impact from the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company currently estimates that revenue for calendar year 2021 will be approximately 15 - 20% higher than estimated revenue in calendar year 2020.
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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES: The preparation of the Company's consolidated condensed financial statements contained in this report, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted inthe United States , requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates these estimates. Estimates are based on historical experience and/or on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that may not be readily apparent from other sources. Historically, actual results have not been materially different from the Company's estimates. However, actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The Company has identified critical accounting policies used in determining estimates and assumptions in the amounts reported in its Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2019 .
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