You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition
and results of operations in conjunction with our condensed consolidated
financial statements and the related notes and other financial information
included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our final
prospectus, dated
In addition to historical financial information, this discussion and other parts of this report contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. As discussed in the section titled "Special Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements," our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth in the section titled "Risk Factors" under Part II, Item 1A below.
Overview
We are a late-stage pharmaceutical company focused on utilizing our proprietary
technology to develop and commercialize transformative therapies for patients
suffering from diseases with high unmet medical needs, with an initial focus on
diseases of the central nervous system, or CNS. Our company was founded on the
premise that the upper nasal cavity can be an optimal treatment entry point for
CNS and other diseases where rapid vascular absorption can result in superior
clinical outcomes. Our strategy is to pair our proprietary Precision Olfactory
Delivery, or POD, upper nasal delivery technology with well-established
therapeutics or other therapeutics where rapid vascular absorption is preferred
to drive therapeutic benefit, improve patient outcomes, reduce drug development
risk and expand the commercial opportunity within our target diseases. Since
2016, we have identified and advanced multiple product candidates, including
TRUDHESATM (INP104) for the acute treatment of migraine and INP105 for the acute
treatment of agitation and aggression in patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder,
or ASD. Our pipeline of proprietary product candidates also includes INP107 for
the treatment of OFF episodes in Parkinson's Disease. In
We have retained all development and commercial rights to each of our product candidates. Given the concentrated prescriber base of our target market for TRUDHESA and our other product candidates, we believe we will be able to independently commercialize each of our existing product candidates, if approved. We initially plan to build a targeted sales team of approximately 60 representatives for TRUDHESA, as well as similar targeted sales teams for our other existing product candidates. We would then build and leverage a central organization comprised of market access, medical affairs, patient support, marketing and operations to support these distinct field teams.
We have built out an internal research and development team and also used and plan to continue to use third-party contract research organizations, or CROs, to carry out our preclinical and clinical development. We rely on third-party contract manufacturing organizations, or CMOs, to manufacture and supply our clinical materials to be used during the development of our product candidates. These CMOs are currently manufacturing commercial stage POD devices for TRUDHESA, which we used for our Phase 1 clinical trial, our registration lots and our STOP301 trial, and we intend to use for commercial launch of TRUDHESA. CMOs are currently manufacturing clinical stage POD devices for INP105 and INP107, which we expect to transition to a commercial stage POD device for pivotal studies and commercialization. The development work on the commercial stage POD device for INP105 is ongoing while the commercial formulation and drug production are scaled to commercial level.
Though
Recent Developments
In
We are continuing to proactively monitor and assess the novel strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which causes coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, global pandemic. We have been monitoring the potential impact on our business that may result from this rapidly evolving crisis and to avoid any unnecessary potential delays to our programs. The safety and well-being of employees, patients and partners is our highest priority. To date, we have continued to operate without material impact on our business.
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In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have implemented or are planning to implement various strategies to minimize any disruptions to our potential commercialization of TRUDHESA and our planned clinical trials. We do not expect any disruption in our supply chain of drugs necessary to initially launch TRUDHESA and to conduct our clinical trials. However, we are continuing to evaluate our clinical supply chain in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Numerous state and local jurisdictions have imposed, and others in the future may impose, "shelter-in-place" orders, quarantines, executive orders and similar government orders and restrictions for their residents to control the spread of COVID-19. We are supporting our employees by utilizing remote work, leveraging virtual meeting technology and encouraging employees to follow local guidance.
The global pandemic of COVID-19 continues to rapidly evolve. The extent to
which COVID-19 may impact our business, including our clinical trials, and
financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly
uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, such as the duration of the
pandemic, travel restrictions and social distancing in
Financial Operations Overview
Operating Expenses
Research and Development
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits and other staff-related costs, including associated stock-based compensation, laboratory supplies, nonclinical and clinical studies and trials, manufacturing, costs for product candidates and POD devices to support our studies and trials, to design new versions of PODs, vendor validation and quality control preparation and fees paid to other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on our behalf.
We accrue for costs incurred as the services are being provided by monitoring the status of the trial or project and the invoices received from our external service providers. Nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services to be received in future periods for use in research and development activities are deferred and capitalized. The capitalized amounts are then expensed as the related goods are delivered and the services are performed. In addition, we account for fully refundable research and development tax credits, based on 43.5% of qualified research and development expenditures of our Australian subsidiary, as an offset to research and development expenses.
We track our direct costs by product candidate, but we do not allocate overhead costs or certain external costs because they support multiple product candidates. In particular, with respect to internal costs, several of our departments support multiple product candidate research and development programs, and we do not allocate those costs by product candidate.
We expect to continue to incur significant research and development expenses over the next several years as our clinical programs progress and we seek to complete existing clinical studies and trials and initiate additional nonclinical and clinical studies and trials and pursue regulatory approval of our product candidates.
The process of conducting the necessary clinical research to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time-consuming, and the successful development of our product candidates is highly uncertain. Our research and development expenses may vary significantly based on factors such as:
? the phases of development of our product candidates; ? the progress and results of our research and development activities; ? the number of trials required for regulatory approval of our product candidates; ? the number of sites included in the trials; ? the countries in which the trials are conducted; ? the length of time required to enroll eligible subjects and initiate clinical trials; ? the number of subjects that participate in the trials; ? the drop-out and discontinuation rate of subjects; ? potential additional safety monitoring requested by regulatory agencies; ? the duration of subject participation in the trials and follow-up; 21 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ? the cost and timing of manufacturing of our product candidates; ? the receipt of regulatory approvals from applicable regulatory authorities; ? the timing, receipt and terms of any marketing approvals from applicable regulatory authorities; ? the hiring and retention of research and development personnel; ? the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or other future pandemics on timelines and clinical operations, which may lead to increased costs, delays or both; and ? the extent to which we establish collaboration, licensing or similar arrangements and ? the performance of any related third parties.
A change in the outcome of any of these variables with respect to the development of any of our product candidates could significantly change the costs and timing associated with the development of that product candidate.
General and Administrative
Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee-related
expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stock-based compensation for
our personnel in executive, finance and accounting, human resources, and other
administrative functions, as well as fees paid for accounting, legal and tax
services, consulting fees and facilities costs not otherwise included in
research and development expenses. We also expect selling and marketing costs to
increase significantly as we prepare for the expected commercial launch of
TRUDHESA, if approved, including the build out of our specialized sales force
beginning in 2021 and further growth of our commercial infrastructure
thereafter. We will incur additional expenses associated with operating as a
public company, including increased expenses related to audit, legal,
regulatory, and tax-related services associated with maintaining compliance with
the rules and regulations of the
Other (Expense) Income, Net
Other (expense) income, net, consists of interest earned on our cash, interest expense on our borrowings, and changes in the fair value of our redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liabilities and convertible notes.
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