Income Statement Kingdom Holding Company

Equities

4280

SA31RG522S19

Investment Holding Companies

Delayed Saudi Arabian S.E. Other stock markets 06:26:31 2026-02-09 am EST			5-day change	1st Jan Change
8.350 ^SAR	-0.83%		+3.73%	+4.25%

Feb. 01	Space Exploration Technologies Corp. acquired X.AI LLC from a group of shareholders for an estimated valuation of $250 billion.	CI
Dec. 17	Certain Ordinary Shares of Flynas Company are subject to a Lock-Up Agreement Ending on 18-DEC-2025.	CI

9653997cb3d608.zWAV0ItdaXBrr2SDweAuWW1vinI99f9JZS6O95vBKOU.rgRTvr8sPwkP9wK7tqNcABoJ-zNOvaobK3Hqxemmf4eUUWeAuQofQDnmMQ

Published financial data: KINGDOM HOLDING COMPANY

Annual

Quarterly

Halfyear

YTD

LTM

Fiscal Period: December	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Revenues	554M	927M	1.46B	1.59B	1.6B
Gain (Loss) on Sale of Investment, Total (Rev)	-	-	31.3M	127M	-
Interest And Invest. Income (Rev)	475M	581M	1B	983M	786M
Other Revenues, Total	-	-	-	-	-
Total Revenues	1.03B	1.51B	2.49B	2.7B	2.39B
Cost of Goods Sold, Total	563M	644M	945M	1.2B	1.09B
Gross Profit	467M	865M	1.55B	1.5B	1.3B
Selling General & Admin Expenses, Total	382M	302M	381M	506M	460M
Provision for Bad Debts	-	65.37M	14.28M	-5.15M	1.17M
Depreciation & Amortization - (IS)	-	-	-	-	-
Other Operating Expenses	13.7M	-165M	-32.94M	-47.96M	-19.99M
Other Operating Expenses, Total	395M	202M	362M	453M	441M
Operating Income	71.61M	663M	1.19B	1.05B	856M
Interest Expense, Total	-460M	-406M	-685M	-1.13B	-985M
Interest And Investment Income	-	-	81.12M	87.2M	46.87M
Net Interest Expenses	-460M	-406M	-604M	-1.04B	-938M
Income (Loss) On Equity Invest.	-564M	572M	852M	1.03B	1.21B
EBT, Excl. Unusual Items	-952M	829M	1.43B	1.04B	1.13B
Impairment of Goodwill	-18.5M	-	-	-	-
Gain (Loss) On Sale Of Investments	-686M	-	5.87B	-	200M
Gain (Loss) On Sale Of Assets	266M	502M	-	-	123M
Asset Writedown	-	-	-	255M	-
Other Unusual Items	-	-	-	-	-
EBT, Incl. Unusual Items	-1.39B	1.33B	7.31B	1.3B	1.45B
Income Tax Expense	144M	326M	364M	308M	244M
Earnings From Continuing Operations	-1.53B	1B	6.94B	988M	1.21B
Earnings Of Discontinued Operations	9.26M	-	-	-	-
Net Income to Company	-1.53B	1B	6.94B	988M	1.21B
Minority Interest	58.34M	13.2M	15.71M	25M	29.8M
Net Income - (IS)	-1.47B	1.02B	6.96B	1.01B	1.24B
Net Income to Common Incl Extra Items	-1.47B	1.02B	6.96B	1.01B	1.24B
Net Income to Common Excl. Extra Items	-1.48B	1.02B	6.96B	1.01B	1.24B
Per Share Items
Net EPS - Basic	-0.4	0.27	1.88	0.27	0.33
Basic EPS - Continuing Operations	-0.4	0.27	1.88	0.27	0.33
Basic Weighted Average Shares Outstanding	3.71B	3.71B	3.71B	3.71B	3.71B
Net EPS - Diluted	-0.4	0.27	1.88	0.27	0.33
Diluted EPS - Continuing Operations	-0.4	0.27	1.88	0.27	0.33
Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding	3.71B	3.71B	3.71B	3.71B	3.71B
Normalized Basic EPS	-0.14	0.14	0.25	0.18	0.2
Normalized Diluted EPS	-0.14	0.14	0.25	0.18	0.2
Dividend Per Share	0.5	0.5	0.28	0.28	0.28
Payout Ratio	-44.71	64.47	13.55	102.41	83.88
Supplemental Items
EBITDA	228M	789M	1.38B	1.42B	1.05B
EBITA	71.61M	663M	1.19B	1.05B	856M
EBIT	71.61M	663M	1.19B	1.05B	856M
Total Revenues (As Reported)	1.03B	1.51B	2.49B	-	-
Effective Tax Rate - (Ratio)	-10.38	24.5	4.99	23.75	16.82
Total Current Taxes	-	-	171M	107M	88.42M
Total Deferred Taxes	-	-	-13.26M	33.74M	4.81M
Normalized Net Income	-536M	531M	911M	676M	735M
Non-Cash Pension Expense	5K	342K	420K	688K	3.24M
Supplemental Operating Expense Items
Selling and Marketing Expenses	-	-	-	-	-
General and Administrative Expenses	-	-	-	-	-
Maintenance & Repair Expenses, Total	9.19M	13.39M	43.23M	15.96M	37.52M

Fiscal Period: December	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Assets
Cash And Equivalents	2.39B	1.05B	3.44B	1.92B	1.69B
Trading Asset Securities, Total	274M	153M	105M	233M	243M
Total Cash And Short Term Investments	2.66B	1.2B	3.55B	2.16B	1.93B
Accounts Receivable, Total	344M	316M	320M	553M	367M
Other Receivables	4.37M	1.55M	4.04M	5.72M	2.47M
Total Receivables	348M	317M	324M	559M	370M
Inventory	31.34M	30.21M	30.61M	31.81M	31.5M
Prepaid Expenses	83.73M	100M	131M	124M	141M
Other Current Assets, Total	31.01M	2.29B	110M	69.12M	154M
Total Current Assets	3.16B	3.94B	4.14B	2.94B	2.63B
Gross Property Plant And Equipment	8.16B	8.26B	8.1B	8.78B	8.92B
Accumulated Depreciation	-1.21B	-1.4B	-1.6B	-1.95B	-2.12B
Net Property Plant And Equipment	6.95B	6.86B	6.51B	6.82B	6.8B
Long-term Investments	32.87B	32.9B	35.46B	36.68B	40.3B
Goodwill	1.26B	1.19B	1.13B	1.16B	1.11B
Other Intangibles, Total	769M	759M	681M	681M	681M
Deferred Tax Assets Long-Term	49.41M	36.96M	13.8M	20.36M	20.33M
Other Long-Term Assets, Total	4.62B	5.13B	5.22B	5.8B	3.18B
Total Assets	49.67B	50.82B	53.16B	54.1B	54.72B
Liabilities
Accounts Payable, Total	104M	127M	308M	134M	97.81M
Accrued Expenses, Total	434M	360M	602M	607M	679M
Short-term Borrowings	-	-	-	-	-
Current Portion of Long-Term Debt	5.02B	5.86B	5.11B	2.21B	3.05B
Current Income Taxes Payable	193M	387M	546M	363M	492M
Unearned Revenue Current, Total	103M	90.93M	92.77M	112M	85.56M
Other Current Liabilities	384M	414M	705M	515M	368M
Total Current Liabilities	6.24B	7.24B	7.36B	3.94B	4.77B
Long-Term Debt	10.73B	10.82B	13.26B	13.2B	10.06B
Pension & Other Post Retirement Benefits	116M	88.23M	85.66M	88.11M	93.5M
Deferred Tax Liability Non Current	165M	150M	140M	112M	108M
Other Non Current Liabilities	45.3M	82M	95.58M	130M	129M
Total Liabilities	17.3B	18.38B	20.94B	17.47B	15.16B
Common Stock, Total	37.06B	37.06B	37.06B	37.06B	37.06B
Retained Earnings	2.4B	2.79B	8.99B	5.03B	4.33B
Comprehensive Income and Other	-8.66B	-8.96B	-15.32B	-6.91B	-2.46B
Total Common Equity	30.8B	30.89B	30.73B	35.17B	38.93B
Minority Interest	1.57B	1.55B	1.49B	1.45B	626M
Total Equity	32.37B	32.44B	32.22B	36.62B	39.56B
Total Liabilities And Equity	49.67B	50.82B	53.16B	54.1B	54.72B
Supplemental Items
ECS Total Shares Outstanding on Filing Date	3.71B	3.71B	3.71B	3.71B	3.71B
ECS Total Common Shares Outstanding	3.71B	3.71B	3.71B	3.71B	3.71B
Book Value / Share	8.31	8.34	8.29	9.49	10.51
Tangible Book Value	28.77B	28.94B	28.91B	33.33B	37.14B
Tangible Book Value Per Share	7.76	7.81	7.8	8.99	10.02
Total Debt	15.75B	16.68B	18.36B	15.41B	13.11B
Net Debt	13.09B	15.48B	14.82B	13.26B	11.18B
Debt Equivalent of Unfunded Proj. Benefit Obligation	116M	88.23M	85.66M	88.11M	93.5M
Minority Interest, Total (Incl. Fin. Div)	1.57B	1.55B	1.49B	1.45B	626M
Equity Method Investments, Total	18.65B	16.34B	16.37B	17.17B	18.2B
Account Code - Inventory Valuation	6	6	6	6	6
Inventories - Finished Goods, Total	30.86M	30.04M	30.61M	-	-
Inventories - Others	477K	171K	-	-	-
Land - (BS)	2.25B	2.26B	2.27B	2.27B	2.27B
Buildings, Total	4.98B	4.93B	4.63B	4.97B	5.16B
Machinery, Total	927M	1.07B	1.21B	1.54B	1.49B
Accumulated Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (Supple)	308M	313M	327M	322M	323M

Fiscal Period: December	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Net Income	-1.47B	1.02B	6.96B	1.01B	1.24B
Depreciation & Amortization - CF	156M	126M	198M	369M	197M
Depreciation & Amortization, Total	156M	126M	198M	369M	197M
Amortization of Deferred Charges, Total - (CF)	-	-	-	-	-
Minority Interest in Earnings - (CF)	-	-	-	-	-
(Gain) Loss From Sale Of Asset	-266M	-502M	-	-255M	-123M
(Gain) Loss on Sale of Investments - (CF)	685M	28.87M	-5.89B	-127M	-200M
Asset Writedown & Restructuring Costs	18.5M	-	-	-	-
(Income) Loss On Equity Investments - (CF)	564M	-572M	-852M	-1.03B	-1.21B
Provision and Write-off of Bad Debts	-	-	-	5.15M	-1.17M
Other Operating Activities, Total	481M	582M	750M	989M	1.03B
Change in Trading Asset Securities	729M	158M	78.94M	-	-10.84M
Change In Accounts Receivable	87.51M	-71.82M	-22.89M	-236M	1.48B
Change In Accounts Payable	41.84M	-17.25M	393M	-126M	-24.21M
Change in Other Net Operating Assets	20.16M	39.1M	142M	103M	308M
Cash from Operations	1.05B	790M	1.75B	703M	2.67B
Capital Expenditure	-127M	-103M	-151M	-285M	-277M
Sale of Property, Plant, and Equipment	83.74M	-	-	-	-
Cash Acquisitions	-	-	-	-	-121K
Divestitures	112M	-	-	-	-
Sale (Purchase) of Real Estate properties	-10.86M	-3.04M	-13.59M	-94.25M	981M
Sale (Purchase) of Intangible assets	-	-	-	-	-
Investment in Marketable and Equity Securities, Total	-1.32B	-2.22B	359M	3.6B	387M
Other Investing Activities, Total	71.25M	150M	312M	255M	470M
Cash from Investing	-1.19B	-2.18B	507M	3.48B	1.56B
Short Term Debt Issued, Total	-	84.42M	-	-	-
Long-Term Debt Issued, Total	9.02B	6.33B	10.43B	10.1B	3.46B
Total Debt Issued	9.02B	6.42B	10.43B	10.1B	3.46B
Short Term Debt Repaid, Total	-	-	-239M	-	-
Long-Term Debt Repaid, Total	-7.02B	-5.31B	-8.41B	-13.38B	-5.43B
Total Debt Repaid	-7.02B	-5.31B	-8.65B	-13.38B	-5.43B
Common Dividends Paid	-656M	-656M	-943M	-1.04B	-1.04B
Common & Preferred Stock Dividends Paid	-656M	-656M	-943M	-1.04B	-1.04B
Other Financing Activities, Total	-414M	-507M	-909M	-1.28B	-1.35B
Cash from Financing	934M	-57.4M	-68.51M	-5.59B	-4.36B
Net Change in Cash	796M	-1.44B	2.19B	-1.41B	-129M
Supplemental Items
Cash Interest Paid	460M	399M	711M	1.38B	1.46B
Cash Income Tax Paid (Refund)	-	124M	149M	155M	89.55M
Levered Free Cash Flow	178M	-1.9B	3.38B	-676M	-81.61M
Unlevered Free Cash Flow	465M	-1.65B	3.81B	29.49M	534M
Change In Net Working Capital	-391M	2.08B	-3.02B	711M	-77.98M
Net Debt Issued / Repaid	2B	1.11B	1.78B	-3.28B	-1.97B

Fiscal Period: December	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Profitability
Return on Assets	0.09	0.82	1.42	1.22	0.98
Return on Total Capital	0.09	0.85	1.49	1.28	1.02
Return On Equity %	-4.67	3.1	21.47	2.87	3.17
Return on Common Equity	-4.74	3.3	22.58	3.08	3.34
Margin Analysis
Gross Profit Margin %	45.36	57.33	62.09	55.62	54.28
SG&A Margin	37.07	20.02	15.28	18.73	19.25
EBITDA Margin %	22.13	52.32	55.5	52.49	44.07
EBITA Margin %	6.96	43.93	47.56	38.85	35.83
EBIT Margin %	6.96	43.93	47.56	38.85	35.83
Income From Continuing Operations Margin %	-149.05	66.58	278.56	36.56	50.5
Net Income Margin %	-142.48	67.45	279.19	37.48	51.74
Net Avail. For Common Margin %	-143.38	67.45	279.19	37.48	51.74
Normalized Net Income Margin	-52.11	35.21	36.56	25	30.73
Levered Free Cash Flow Margin	17.3	-126.05	135.52	-25.01	-3.41
Unlevered Free Cash Flow Margin	45.2	-109.23	152.71	1.09	22.33
Asset Turnover
Asset Turnover	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.05	0.04
Fixed Assets Turnover	0.15	0.22	0.37	0.41	0.35
Receivables Turnover (Average Receivables)	1.19	2.81	4.6	3.65	3.49
Inventory Turnover (Average Inventory)	11.86	20.92	31.07	38.44	34.52
Short Term Liquidity
Current Ratio	0.51	0.54	0.56	0.75	0.55
Quick Ratio	0.48	0.21	0.53	0.69	0.48
Operating Cash Flow to Current Liabilities	0.17	0.11	0.24	0.18	0.56
Days Sales Outstanding (Average Receivables)	308.45	129.77	79.43	100.05	105
Days Outstanding Inventory (Average Inventory)	30.86	17.45	11.75	9.49	10.6
Average Days Payable Outstanding	84.77	65.62	84.09	67.18	38.81
Cash Conversion Cycle (Average Days)	254.54	81.61	7.09	42.37	76.79
Long Term Solvency
Total Debt/Equity	48.67	51.42	56.99	42.08	33.14
Total Debt / Total Capital	32.74	33.96	36.3	29.62	24.89
LT Debt/Equity	33.15	33.37	41.14	36.05	25.44
Long-Term Debt / Total Capital	22.3	22.04	26.21	25.37	19.11
Total Liabilities / Total Assets	34.83	36.17	39.39	32.3	27.71
EBIT / Interest Expense	0.16	1.63	1.73	0.93	0.87
EBITDA / Interest Expense	0.5	1.94	2.02	1.26	1.07
(EBITDA - Capex) / Interest Expense	0.22	1.69	1.8	1	0.79
Total Debt / EBITDA	69.14	21.14	13.28	10.86	12.44
Net Debt / EBITDA	57.46	19.61	10.71	9.34	10.61
Total Debt / (EBITDA - Capex)	156.08	24.32	14.9	13.59	16.87
Net Debt / (EBITDA - Capex)	129.71	22.57	12.03	11.69	14.38
Growth Over Prior Year
Total Revenues, 1 Yr. Growth %	-46.63	46.52	65.22	8.48	-11.57
Gross Profit, 1 Yr. Growth %	-53.34	85.17	78.94	-2.83	-13.69
EBITDA, 1 Yr. Growth %	-69.36	1.78K	75.26	2.6	-29.81
EBITA, 1 Yr. Growth %	-87.47	-679.94	78.86	-11.38	-24.35
EBIT, 1 Yr. Growth %	-87.47	-679.94	78.86	-11.38	-24.35
Earnings From Cont. Operations, 1 Yr. Growth %	-456.49	-165.45	591.29	-85.76	22.15
Net Income, 1 Yr. Growth %	-449.1	-169.36	583.87	-85.44	22.08
Normalized Net Income, 1 Yr. Growth %	-223.12	-181.36	71.56	-25.8	17.25
Diluted EPS Before Extra, 1 Yr. Growth %	-472.49	-168.93	583.87	-85.44	22.08
Accounts Receivable, 1 Yr. Growth %	-41.82	-8.05	1.23	73.02	-33.63
Inventory, 1 Yr. Growth %	-50.66	-3.6	1.34	3.92	-0.97
Net Property, Plant and Equip., 1 Yr. Growth %	1.38	-1.26	-5.15	4.84	-0.32
Total Assets, 1 Yr. Growth %	2.68	2.32	4.6	1.77	1.15
Tangible Book Value, 1 Yr. Growth %	-2.62	0.6	-0.11	15.28	11.44
Common Equity, 1 Yr. Growth %	-2.16	0.3	-0.53	14.47	10.69
Cash From Operations, 1 Yr. Growth %	-27.04	-24.83	122.15	-59.94	280.62
Capital Expenditures, 1 Yr. Growth %	27.63	-18.61	46.35	88.52	-2.97
Levered Free Cash Flow, 1 Yr. Growth %	7.62K	-3.17K	-277.63	-120.02	-88.75
Unlevered Free Cash Flow, 1 Yr. Growth %	21.21	-571.82	-331	-99.23	562.21
Dividend Per Share, 1 Yr. Growth %	-	0	-44	0	0
Compound Annual Growth Rate Over Two Years
Total Revenues, 2 Yr. CAGR %	-36.81	-11.57	55.59	33.88	-2.06
Gross Profit, 2 Yr. CAGR %	-37.89	-7.05	82.03	31.86	-8.42
EBITDA, 2 Yr. CAGR %	-54.42	3.01	474.1	34.09	-12.73
EBITA, 2 Yr. CAGR %	-71.09	7.66	222.07	25.9	-15
EBIT, 2 Yr. CAGR %	-71.09	7.66	222.07	25.9	-15
Earnings From Cont. Operations, 2 Yr. CAGR %	47.97	52.75	112.7	-0.8	-58.3
Net Income, 2 Yr. CAGR %	46.69	55.61	117.8	-0.21	-57.84
Normalized Net Income, 2 Yr. CAGR %	-23.84	10.39	18.15	12.82	-10.2
Diluted EPS Before Extra, 2 Yr. CAGR %	47.16	60.23	117.11	-0.21	-57.84
Accounts Receivable, 2 Yr. CAGR %	-24.79	-26.86	-3.52	32.35	7.16
Inventory, 2 Yr. CAGR %	-37.41	-31.03	-1.16	2.62	1.45
Net Property, Plant and Equip., 2 Yr. CAGR %	-1.17	0.05	-3.22	-0.28	2.23
Total Assets, 2 Yr. CAGR %	5.21	2.5	3.45	3.18	1.46
Tangible Book Value, 2 Yr. CAGR %	5.17	-1.02	0.24	7.31	13.34
Common Equity, 2 Yr. CAGR %	4.97	-0.94	-0.12	6.71	12.56
Cash From Operations, 2 Yr. CAGR %	22.63	-25.94	29.23	-5.66	23.48
Capital Expenditures, 2 Yr. CAGR %	9.14	1.92	9.14	66.11	35.25
Levered Free Cash Flow, 2 Yr. CAGR %	-58.42	2.77K	638.39	-40.37	-84.46
Unlevered Free Cash Flow, 2 Yr. CAGR %	-41.44	107.15	230.14	-86.62	-62.55
Dividend Per Share, 2 Yr. CAGR %	-	-	-25.17	-25.17	0
Compound Annual Growth Rate Over Three Years
Total Revenues, 3 Yr. CAGR %	-24.12	-16.36	8.91	37.96	16.59
Gross Profit, 3 Yr. CAGR %	-23.7	-10.61	15.63	47.66	14.49
EBITDA, 3 Yr. CAGR %	-28.4	-10.39	22.98	223.37	10.11
EBITA, 3 Yr. CAGR %	-44.51	-8.22	27.51	109.48	8.92
EBIT, 3 Yr. CAGR %	-44.51	-8.22	27.51	109.48	8.92
Earnings From Cont. Operations, 3 Yr. CAGR %	34.49	12.74	152.66	-13.64	6.33
Net Income, 3 Yr. CAGR %	30.27	14.28	154.89	-11.6	6.73
Normalized Net Income, 3 Yr. CAGR %	41.7	-16.89	27.87	1.18	11.43
Diluted EPS Before Extra, 3 Yr. CAGR %	30.54	14.28	159.91	-11.79	6.73
Accounts Receivable, 3 Yr. CAGR %	-14.83	-19.58	-18.49	17.22	5.15
Inventory, 3 Yr. CAGR %	-29.09	-27.72	-21.6	0.5	1.41
Net Property, Plant and Equip., 3 Yr. CAGR %	-4.44	-1.2	-1.71	-0.61	-0.29
Total Assets, 3 Yr. CAGR %	0.61	4.24	3.19	2.89	2.5
Tangible Book Value, 3 Yr. CAGR %	-0.41	3.62	-0.72	5.02	8.67
Common Equity, 3 Yr. CAGR %	-0.77	3.39	-0.8	4.52	8.02
Cash From Operations, 3 Yr. CAGR %	5.11	4.17	6.81	-12.54	50.18
Capital Expenditures, 3 Yr. CAGR %	2.36	-1.03	14.99	30.95	38.85
Levered Free Cash Flow, 3 Yr. CAGR %	328.09	22.66	1.04K	121.82	-64.99
Unlevered Free Cash Flow, 3 Yr. CAGR %	23.04	6.68	114.81	-56.12	-31.32
Dividend Per Share, 3 Yr. CAGR %	-	-	-	-17.57	-17.57
Compound Annual Growth Rate Over Five Years
Total Revenues, 5 Yr. CAGR %	-21.67	-4.24	1.13	0.95	4.38
Gross Profit, 5 Yr. CAGR %	-25.77	15.79	8.03	4.43	5.33
EBITDA, 5 Yr. CAGR %	-33.09	12.33	17.38	5.29	7.21
EBITA, 5 Yr. CAGR %	-45.72	23.58	23.12	4.15	8.42
EBIT, 5 Yr. CAGR %	-45.72	23.58	23.12	4.15	8.42
Earnings From Cont. Operations, 5 Yr. CAGR %	15.57	24.68	61.56	7.12	22.91
Net Income, 5 Yr. CAGR %	15.71	23.79	60	8.25	24.1
Normalized Net Income, 5 Yr. CAGR %	-5.31	70.52	37.03	-6.08	11.01
Diluted EPS Before Extra, 5 Yr. CAGR %	15.86	24.99	60	8.25	25.57
Accounts Receivable, 5 Yr. CAGR %	-7.19	-13.06	-10.48	-1.85	-9.06
Inventory, 5 Yr. CAGR %	-20.23	-20.42	-19.02	-16.84	-13.08
Net Property, Plant and Equip., 5 Yr. CAGR %	5.09	-2.89	-3.96	-0.83	-0.16
Total Assets, 5 Yr. CAGR %	2.97	4.02	1.74	3.81	2.5
Tangible Book Value, 5 Yr. CAGR %	1.38	1.75	-0.15	5.08	4.68
Common Equity, 5 Yr. CAGR %	1.5	1.82	-0.51	4.7	4.34
Cash From Operations, 5 Yr. CAGR %	-10.17	-24.17	14.16	0.12	13.19
Capital Expenditures, 5 Yr. CAGR %	-	5.47	5.02	21.75	22.7
Levered Free Cash Flow, 5 Yr. CAGR %	-29.15	83.01	331.01	-8.08	104.05
Unlevered Free Cash Flow, 5 Yr. CAGR %	-17.04	39.21	72.4	-53.5	6.81