The following discussion is intended to help the reader understand our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and capital resources. You should read this discussion in conjunction with "Risk Factors," "Forward-Looking Statements," and our financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2021 filed with theSecurities and Exchange Commission onNovember 18, 2021 (the "2021 Form 10-K") and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as applicable. Business Overview We are a leading operator of government health and human services programs worldwide. We are a responsible and reliable contracting partner to governments under our mission of Helping Government Serve the People®. Governments rely on our financial stability and proven expertise in helping people connect and use critical government programs. We use our experience, business process management expertise, innovation, and technology solutions to help government agencies run effective, efficient, and accountable programs. Our primary portfolio of work is tied to business process services ("BPS") in the health services and human services markets. Our growth over the last decade was driven by new work, such as that from the Affordable Care Act ("ACA") inthe United States ("U.S."), an evolving digital transformation to meet the modernization needs of our clients, and growing demand for independent and conflict-free clinical services including assessments, appeals, and independent medical reviews in multiple geographies. Our growth has been supplemented by strategic acquisitions. We experienced both favorable and unfavorable impacts as a result of the Coronavirus ("COVID-19") global pandemic. While some of the programs we support have experienced reduced volumes due to the pandemic, we have also been successful in winning new contracts to meet the immediate needs of our customers, including contract tracing and disease investigation, vaccine information lines, and unemployment insurance administration. Proving the value of our business model, we have converted a number of these relationships into longer-term contract opportunities. The individuals and families served under these programs are those considered some of the most vulnerable to COVID-19. As a result, we believe our operations support programs that are vital for their safety and wellbeing. We continue to execute upon our three-fold strategy to accelerate our progress and drive the next phase of our growth through: •Digital transformation. We are using digital technologies to transform the experience of our customers and our employees. We believe that these technologies can help our government clients run their programs in a more streamlined manner and make it easier for individuals to interact with these programs. •Clinical evolution. We are expanding our clinical-related services and are experienced at delivering clinical BPS at scale. We have established an extensive set of services that frequently requires a network of healthcare professionals who can complete clinical assessments, provide occupational health and independent medical review services, and adjudicate complicated benefits appeals. With the formation ofMaximus Public Health ("MPH"), we are able to serve as a resource to governments as they respond to public health threats. These efforts include providing health information and COVID-19 test results and vaccination information through our citizen engagement centers in key states and counties across the nation. •Market expansion. We continue with our existing strategy to expand our markets by bringing our core capabilities to new programs and clients, adding new capabilities to access adjacent markets, and through geographic expansion. In fiscal year 2021, we expanded our clinical assessments and public health work, and completed two acquisitions inthe United States to increase our digital and clinical capabilities, as well as create stronger relationships in keyU.S. federal government agencies. The macro-trends for our business remain unchanged. As the pandemic has underscored, governments around the world need better solutions to deliver on policy priorities that can change rapidly. Social welfare programs that reflect long-term societal commitments and priorities increasingly face rising demand, shifting demographics, and unsustainable program costs. We believe that Maximus is well positioned to address these challenges and be a transformative partner through our scalable, cost-effective, and operationally efficient services for a wide range of government programs. 21
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Table of Contents Financial Overview A number of factors have affected our results for the first quarter of fiscal year 2022, the most significant of which we have listed below. More detail on these changes is presented below within our "Results of Operations" section. •During fiscal year 2021, we acquiredVES Group, Inc. ("VES"), theFederal Division of Attain , LLC ("Attain") andConnect Assist Holdings Limited ("Connect Assist"). At the start of fiscal year 2022, we acquired the student loan servicing business from Navient, rebranded as Aidvantage. From the date of each acquisition, we have received the benefit of additional revenue, as well as additional operating costs. In completing these acquisitions, we have allocated a portion of each purchase price to identifiable intangible assets, which we are amortizing over the estimated useful lives of each asset. •To fund the acquisition of VES, we entered into a new credit facility comprised of fixed term debt and a new revolving credit facility. The cost of servicing this debt, as well as the cost of the debt facilities, has resulted in an increase in our interest expense. •Our services in fiscal years 2022 and 2021 were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We have received the benefit from new, short-term work, assisting governments with their responses to the pandemic. This has mitigated the effect of declines in established programs where our transaction volume has been reduced. We anticipate that our core programs will begin returning to capacity in the latter half of this year, as our COVID related work is expected to decline. •As anticipated, the Census Questionnaire Assistance ("CQA") contract ended in the first quarter of fiscal year 2021.
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