Oaktree Capital Group, LLC (NYSE: OAK) today reported its unaudited financial results for the first quarter ended March 31, 2019.

Jay Wintrob, Chief Executive Officer, said, “Oaktree had a strong start to 2019, delivering solid financial and investment performance in the first quarter. Distributable earnings grew $40 million, or 21%, over the same period one year ago, and our closed-end funds generated gross returns of 9% over the last twelve months. On March 13th, we announced that Brookfield will acquire 62% of our business. We believe partnering with Brookfield will be a powerful combination of two complementary, world-class asset management businesses. We will work together to offer exceptional solutions to our clients, leverage our combined strengths and generate strong returns across all points in the economic cycle.”

Class A Unit Distribution

A distribution of $1.05 per Class A unit attributable to the first quarter of 2019 will be paid on May 10, 2019 to Class A unitholders of record at the close of business on May 6, 2019.

Preferred Unit Distributions

A distribution was declared of $0.414063 per Series A preferred unit, which will be paid on June 15, 2019 to Series A preferred unitholders of record at the close of business on June 1, 2019.

A distribution was declared of $0.409375 per Series B preferred unit, which will be paid on June 15, 2019 to Series B preferred unitholders of record at the close of business on June 1, 2019.

Agreement and Plan of Merger

On March 13, 2019, OCG and Brookfield Asset Management Inc. (“Brookfield”) announced their entry into a definitive merger agreement pursuant to which Brookfield will acquire approximately 62% of OCG’s business in a stock and cash transaction. Following the transaction, the remaining 38% of the business will continue to be owned by Oaktree Capital Group Holdings, L.P. (“OCGH”), whose unitholders consist primarily of OCG’s founders and certain other members of management and current and former employees. As part of the transaction, Brookfield will acquire all outstanding OCG Class A units for, at the election of OCG Class A unitholders, either $49.00 in cash or 1.0770 Class A shares of Brookfield per OCG Class A unit (subject to pro-ration to ensure that no more than fifty percent (50%) of the aggregate merger consideration is paid in the form of cash or stock), in each case, without interest and subject to any applicable withholding taxes. In addition, the founders, senior management, and current and former employee-unitholders of OCGH will sell to Brookfield 20% of their OCGH units for the same consideration as the Oaktree Class A unitholders. The OCG board of directors, acting on the recommendation of a special committee composed of non-executive, independent directors, has unanimously recommended that OCG unitholders approve the transaction. The transaction is anticipated to close by the end of 2019, subject to the approval of OCG Class A and Class B unitholders representing a majority of the voting interests of such units, voting together as a single class, and other customary closing conditions including certain regulatory approvals.

Upon closing of the transaction, OCG and Brookfield will continue to operate their respective businesses independently, partnering to leverage their strengths – with each remaining under its current brand and led by its existing management and investment teams. Howard Marks will continue as Co-Chairman of Oaktree, Bruce Karsh as Co-Chairman and Chief Investment Officer, and Jay Wintrob as Chief Executive Officer. Howard Marks and Bruce Karsh will continue to have operating control of Oaktree as an independent entity for the foreseeable future. In addition, Howard Marks will join Brookfield's board of directors.

About Oaktree

Oaktree is a leader among global investment managers specializing in alternative investments, with $119 billion in assets under management as of March 31, 2019. The firm emphasizes an opportunistic, value-oriented and risk-controlled approach to investments in credit, private equity, real assets and listed equities. The firm has over 950 employees and offices in 18 cities worldwide. For additional information, please visit Oaktree’s website at www.oaktreecapital.com.

The table below presents (a) GAAP results, (b) non-GAAP results for both the Operating Group and per Class A unit, and (c) assets under management and accrued incentives (fund level) data. Please refer to the Glossary for definitions.

 
As of or for the Three Months
Ended March 31,
2019   2018
GAAP Results:

(in thousands, except per unit
data or as otherwise indicated)

 
Revenues $ 266,415 $ 337,321
Net income-Class A 47,254 52,732
Net income per Class A unit 0.66 0.78
 
Non-GAAP Results: (1)
Distributable earnings revenues 602,694 477,264
Distributable earnings 233,892 193,973
Distributable earnings per Class A unit 1.46 1.18
 
Fee revenues 190,101 202,947
Fee-related earnings 39,597 58,487
Fee-related earnings per Class A unit 0.24 0.36
 
Weighted Average Units:
OCGH 85,474 88,270
Class A 71,632 67,918
Total units 157,106 156,188
 
Operating Metrics:
Assets under management (in millions):
Assets under management $ 118,609 $ 121,394
Management fee-generating assets under management 100,264 102,043
Incentive-creating assets under management 34,413 33,035
Uncalled capital commitments 18,310 19,556
Accrued incentives (fund level):
Incentives created (fund level) 87,992 111,185
Incentives created (fund level), net of associated incentive income compensation expense 44,228 52,298
Accrued incentives (fund level) 1,424,904 1,795,967
Accrued incentives (fund level), net of associated incentive income compensation expense 678,517 868,035
 

Note: Oaktree discloses in this earnings release certain revenue and financial measures, including measures that are calculated and presented on a basis other than generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“non-GAAP”). Examples of such non-GAAP measures are identified in the table above. Such non-GAAP measures should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for or superior to, net income, net income per Class A unit or other financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures are presented at Exhibit A. All non-GAAP measures and all interim results presented in this release are unaudited.

(1)     Beginning with the first quarter of 2019, the Company has determined that distributable earnings is the primary financial measure used by management to make operating decisions and assess the performance of our business. In connection with this determination, the definition of distributable earnings was modified to include the deduction for preferred unit distributions and exclude costs related to the Brookfield transaction. For comparability, prior periods have been recast for this change, as applicable.
 

GAAP Results

Oaktree consolidates entities in which it has a direct or indirect controlling financial interest. Investment vehicles in which we have a significant investment, such as collateralized loan obligation vehicles (“CLOs”) and certain Oaktree funds, are consolidated under GAAP. When a CLO or fund is consolidated, the assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and cash flows of the consolidated funds are reflected on a gross basis, and the majority of the economic interests in those consolidated funds, which are held by third-party investors, are reflected as debt obligations of CLOs or non-controlling interests. All of the revenues earned by us as investment manager of the consolidated funds are eliminated in consolidation. However, because the eliminated amounts are earned from and funded by third-party investors, the consolidation of a fund does not impact net income or loss attributable to OCG.

Total revenues decreased $70.9 million, or 21.0%, to $266.4 million for the first quarter of 2019, from $337.3 million for the first quarter of 2018, reflecting lower management fees and incentive income.

Total expenses decreased $13.5 million, or 5.4%, to $237.5 million for the first quarter of 2019, from $251.0 million for the first quarter of 2018, primarily reflecting lower incentive income compensation expense, partially offset by higher compensation and benefits and general and administrative expenses.

Total other income increased $102.5 million, to $160.0 million for the first quarter of 2019, from income of $57.5 million for the first quarter of 2018. The increase primarily reflected variations in returns on our fund investments between periods.

Net income attributable to OCG Class A unitholders decreased $5.4 million, or 10.2%, to $47.3 million for the first quarter of 2019, from $52.7 million for the first quarter of 2018, primarily reflecting lower operating profits, partially offset by higher returns on our fund investments.

Operating Metrics

Assets Under Management

Assets under management were $118.6 billion as of March 31, 2019, $119.6 billion as of December 31, 2018 and $121.4 billion as of March 31, 2018. The $1.0 billion decrease since December 31, 2018 primarily reflected $3.3 billion of net outflows from open-end funds and $2.6 billion of distributions to closed-end fund investors and uncalled capital commitments, partially offset by $3.1 billion in market-value gains and $1.9 billion attributable to DoubleLine.

The $2.8 billion decrease in AUM since March 31, 2018 primarily reflected $7.6 billion of distributions to closed-end fund investors and uncalled commitments, $5.6 billion of net outflows from open-end funds, and $1.3 billion of unfavorable foreign-currency translation, partially offset by $7.1 billion of capital commitments to closed-end funds, $2.6 billion in market-value gains and $2.2 billion attributable to DoubleLine. Commitments to closed-end funds included $1.4 billion for Oaktree Power Opportunities Fund V (“Power V”), $1.3 billion for Oaktree Special Situations Fund II, $1.1 billion for CLOs, $1.1 billion for Oaktree Transportation Infrastructure Fund (“TIF”), $0.8 billion for our Middle Market Direct Lending strategy, $0.6 billion for our Real Estate Debt strategy and $0.6 billion for our Emerging Markets Debt strategy. Distributions to closed-end fund investors included $3.6 billion from Credit funds, $1.6 billion from Real Asset funds and $1.4 billion from Private Equity funds.

Management Fee-generating Assets Under Management

Management fee-generating AUM, a forward-looking metric, was $100.3 billion as of March 31, 2019, $98.1 billion as of December 31, 2018 and $102.0 billion as of March 31, 2018. The $2.2 billion increase since December 31, 2018 primarily reflected $2.5 billion in market-value gains, $1.9 billion attributable to DoubleLine, $1.3 billion from the start of the investment period for Power V in April 2019 and $0.6 billion from capital drawn by funds that pay fees based on drawn capital, NAV or cost basis, partially offset by $3.3 billion of net outflows from open-end funds and $0.5 billion attributable to closed-end funds in liquidation.

The $1.7 billion decrease in management fee-generating AUM since March 31, 2018 primarily reflected $5.6 billion of net outflows from open-end funds, $4.4 billion attributable to closed-end funds in liquidation, $1.2 billion in unfavorable foreign-currency translation and $0.5 billion of distributions by closed-end funds that pay fees based on NAV. These decreases were partially offset by $3.1 billion from capital drawn by closed-end funds that pay fees based on drawn capital, NAV or cost basis, an aggregate $3.0 billion from the start of the investment period for TIF in December 2018, Power V in April 2019 and new CLOs, $2.2 billion attributable to DoubleLine, $1.5 billion in market-value gains, and $0.6 billion of net inflows to evergreen funds.

Incentive-creating Assets Under Management

Incentive-creating AUM was $34.4 billion as of March 31, 2019, $34.6 billion as of December 31, 2018 and $33.0 billion as of March 31, 2018. The $0.2 billion decrease since December 31, 2018 reflected $1.6 billion in distributions, partially offset by an aggregate $1.4 billion primarily attributable to drawdowns, contributions and market-value gains. The $1.4 billion increase since March 31, 2018 reflected an aggregate $7.8 billion in drawdowns, contributions and market-value gains, partially offset by an aggregate decline of $6.4 billion primarily attributable to distributions.

Of the $34.4 billion in incentive-creating AUM as of March 31, 2019, $21.3 billion (or 62%) was generating incentives at the fund level, as compared with $19.9 billion (60%) of the $33.0 billion of incentive-creating AUM as of March 31, 2018.

Accrued Incentives (Fund Level) and Incentives Created (Fund Level)

Accrued incentives (fund level) were $1,424.9 million as of March 31, 2019, $1,722.1 million as of December 31, 2018 and $1,796.0 million as of March 31, 2018. The first quarter of 2019 reflected $88.0 million of incentives created (fund level) and $385.2 million of incentive income recognized.

Accrued incentives (fund level), net of incentive income compensation expense (“net accrued incentives”), were $678.5 million as of March 31, 2019, $811.8 million as of December 31, 2018, and $868.0 million as of March 31, 2018. The portion of net accrued incentives represented by funds that were currently paying incentives as of March 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018 was $201.5 million (or 30%), $237.0 million (29%) and $197.3 million (23%), respectively, with the remainder arising from funds that as of that date were not at the stage of their cash distribution waterfall where Oaktree was entitled to receive incentives, other than certain tax-related distributions.

Uncalled Capital Commitments

Uncalled capital commitments were $18.3 billion as of March 31, 2019, $19.5 billion as of December 31, 2018, and $19.6 billion as of March 31, 2018. Invested capital during the quarter and 12 months ended March 31, 2019 aggregated $2.3 billion and $10.2 billion, respectively, as compared with $2.2 billion and $7.7 billion for the comparable prior-year periods.

Non-GAAP Results

Distributable Earnings Revenues

Distributable earnings revenues increased $125.4 million, or 26.3%, to $602.7 million for the first quarter of 2019, from $477.3 million for the first quarter of 2018, as further described below.

Management Fees

Management fees decreased $12.8 million, or 6.3%, to $190.1 million for the first quarter of 2019, from $202.9 million for the first quarter of 2018. The decrease reflected an aggregate decline of $30.9 million primarily attributable to closed-end funds in liquidation and open-end funds, partially offset by an aggregate increase of $18.1 million principally from closed-end funds that pay management fees based on drawn capital, NAV or cost basis.

Incentive Income

Incentive income increased $149.6 million, or 63.5%, to $385.2 million for the first quarter of 2019, from $235.6 million for the first quarter of 2018. The first quarter of 2019 included regular and tax-related incentive income of $83.4 million and $301.8 million, respectively, as compared to $131.9 million and $103.7 million in the first quarter of 2018, respectively.

Realized Investment Income Proceeds

Realized investment income proceeds decreased $11.4 million, or 29.4%, to $27.4 million for the first quarter of 2019, from $38.8 million for the first quarter of 2018, primarily reflecting lower proceeds from our Private Equity investments.

Adjusted Expenses

Compensation and Benefits

Compensation and benefits expense increased $8.4 million, or 8.0%, to $113.2 million for the first quarter of 2019, from $104.8 million for the first quarter of 2018, primarily reflecting an unfavorable change in phantom equity expense stemming largely from each period’s change in the Class A unit trading price, as well as higher expenses related to employee benefits.

Incentive Income Compensation

Incentive income compensation expense increased $77.3 million, or 59.3%, to $207.7 million for the first quarter of 2019, from $130.4 million for the first quarter of 2018, reflecting the growth in incentive income.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expense decreased $2.5 million, or 6.7%, to $34.9 million for the first quarter of 2019, from $37.4 million for the first quarter of 2018, primarily reflecting lower placement fees associated with fundraising activities.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense increased $0.1 million, or 4.3%, to $2.4 million for the first quarter of 2019, from $2.3 million for the first quarter of 2018.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net decreased $2.5 million, or 73.5%, to $0.9 million for the first quarter of 2019, from $3.4 million for the first quarter of 2018. The decrease was primarily driven by higher interest income.

Preferred Unit Distributions

The first quarter of 2019 included Series A and Series B preferred unit distributions of $6.8 million in the aggregate, as compared with $0 for the first quarter of 2018, reflecting the issuances of our Series A and Series B preferred units in the second and third quarters of 2018, respectively.

Distributable Earnings

Distributable earnings increased $39.9 million, or 20.6%, to $233.9 million for the first quarter of 2019, from $194.0 million for the first quarter of 2018. The increase reflected $72.4 million in higher net incentive income, partially offset by $18.9 million in lower fee-related earnings and $11.4 million in lower realized investment income proceeds. The portion of distributable earnings attributable to our Class A units was $1.46 and $1.18 per unit for the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively, reflecting distributable earnings per Operating Group unit of $1.49 and $1.24, respectively, less costs borne by Class A unitholders for professional fees and other expenses, cash taxes attributable to the Intermediate Holding Companies, and amounts payable pursuant to the tax receivable agreement.

Fee-related Earnings

Fee-related earnings decreased $18.9 million, or 32.3%, to $39.6 million for the first quarter of 2019, from $58.5 million for the first quarter of 2018, primarily reflecting $12.8 million in lower management fees and $8.4 million in higher compensation and benefits expense, partially offset by $2.5 million in lower general and administrative expense.

The effective tax rates applicable to fee-related earnings for the first quarters of 2019 and 2018 were 6% and 4%, respectively, resulting from full-year effective tax rates of 6% for both periods. The rate used for interim fiscal periods is based on the estimated full-year effective tax rate, which is subject to change as the year progresses. In general, the annual effective tax rate increases as annual fee-related earnings increase, and vice versa.

Capital and Liquidity

As of March 31, 2019, Oaktree and its operating subsidiaries had $1.0 billion of cash and U.S. Treasury and other securities, and $746 million of outstanding debt, which included no borrowings outstanding against its $500 million revolving credit facility. As of March 31, 2019, Oaktree’s investments in funds and companies on a non-GAAP basis had a carrying value of $1.7 billion, with the 20% investment in DoubleLine carried at $33 million based on cost, as adjusted under the equity method of accounting. Net accrued incentives (fund level) represented an additional $679 million as of that date.

Forward-Looking Statements and Information

This release contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, which reflect the current views of OCG, with respect to, among other things, its future results of operations and financial performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements and information by words such as “anticipate,” “approximately,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “outlook,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “seek,” “should,” “will” and “would” or the negative version of these words or other comparable or similar words. These statements identify prospective information. Important factors could cause actual results to differ, possibly materially, from those indicated in these statements. Forward-looking statements are based on OCG’s beliefs, assumptions and expectations of its future performance, taking into account all information currently available to it. Such forward-looking statements and information are subject to risks and uncertainties and assumptions relating to OCG’s operations, financial results, financial condition, business prospects, growth strategy and liquidity.

In addition to factors previously disclosed in Brookfield’s and OCG’s reports filed with securities regulators in Canada and the United States and those identified elsewhere in this release, the following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from forward-looking statements and information or historical performance: the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstances that could give rise to the right of one or both of Brookfield and OCG to terminate the definitive merger agreement between Brookfield and OCG; the outcome of any legal proceedings that may be instituted against Brookfield, OCG or their respective unitholders, shareholders or directors; the ability to obtain regulatory approvals and meet other closing conditions to the merger, including the risk that regulatory approvals required for the merger are not obtained or are obtained subject to conditions that are not anticipated or that are material and adverse to Brookfield’s or OCG’s business; a delay in closing the merger; the ability to obtain approval by OCG’s unitholders on the expected terms and schedule; business disruptions from the proposed merger that will harm Brookfield’s or OCG’s business, including current plans and operations; potential adverse reactions or changes to business relationships resulting from the announcement or completion of the merger; certain restrictions during the pendency of the merger that may impact Brookfield’s or OCG’s ability to pursue certain business opportunities or strategic transactions; the ability of Brookfield or OCG to retain and hire key personnel; uncertainty as to the long-term value of the Class A shares of Brookfield following the merger; the continued availability of capital and financing following the merger; the business, economic and political conditions in the markets in which Brookfield and OCG operate; changes in OCG’s or Brookfield’s anticipated revenue and income, which are inherently volatile; changes in the value of OCG’s or Brookfield’s investments; the pace of OCG’s or Brookfield’s raising of new funds; changes in assets under management; the timing and receipt of, and impact of taxes on, carried interest; distributions from and liquidation of OCG’s existing funds; the amount and timing of distributions on OCG’s preferred units and Class A units; changes in OCG’s operating or other expenses; the degree to which OCG or Brookfield encounters competition; and general political, economic and market conditions.

Any forward-looking statements and information speak only as of the date of this release or as of the date they were made, and except as required by law, neither Brookfield nor OCG undertakes any obligation to update forward-looking statements and information. For a more detailed discussion of these factors, also see the information under the caption “Business Environment and Risks” in Brookfield’s most recent report on Form 40-F for the year ended December 31, 2018, and under the captions “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in OCG’s most recent report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, and in each case any material updates to these factors contained in any of Brookfield’s or OCG’s future filings.

As for the forward-looking statements and information that relate to future financial results and other projections, actual results will be different due to the inherent uncertainties of estimates, forecasts and projections and may be better or worse than projected and such differences could be material. Given these uncertainties, you should not place any reliance on these forward-looking statements and information.

This release and its contents do not constitute and should not be construed as (a) a recommendation to buy, (b) an offer to buy or solicitation of an offer to buy, (c) an offer to sell or (d) advice in relation to, any securities of OCG or securities of any Oaktree investment fund.

Important Additional Information and Where to Find It

In connection with the proposed merger, Brookfield will file with the SEC a registration statement on Form F-4 that will include the consent solicitation statement of OCG and a prospectus of Brookfield, as well as other relevant documents regarding the proposed transaction. A definitive consent solicitation statement/prospectus will also be sent to OCG’s unitholders. This release does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities or a solicitation of any vote or approval, nor shall there be any sale of securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of such jurisdiction.

INVESTORS ARE URGED TO READ THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT AND THE CONSENT SOLICITATION STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS REGARDING THE MERGER WHEN IT BECOMES AVAILABLE AND ANY OTHER RELEVANT DOCUMENTS FILED WITH THE SEC, AS WELL AS ANY AMENDMENTS OR SUPPLEMENTS TO THOSE DOCUMENTS, BECAUSE THEY WILL CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION.

A free copy of the consent solicitation statement/prospectus, as well as other filings containing information about OCG and Brookfield, may be obtained at the SEC’s Internet site (http://www.sec.gov). You will also be able to obtain these documents, free of charge, from OCG by accessing OCG’s website at ir.oaktreecapital.com or from Brookfield by accessing Brookfield’s website at bam.Brookfield.com/reports-and-filings. Copies of the consent solicitation statement/prospectus can also be obtained, free of charge, by directing a request to Oaktree Investor Relations at Unitholders – Investor Relations, Oaktree Capital Management, L.P., 333 South Grand Ave., 28th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90071, by calling (213) 830-6483 or by sending an e-mail to investorrelations@oaktreecapital.com or to Brookfield Investor Relations by calling (416) 359-8647 or by sending an e-mail to enquiries@brookfield.com.

OCG and certain of its directors and executive officers may be deemed to be participants in the solicitation of proxies from OCG unitholders in respect of the transaction described in the consent solicitation statement/prospectus. Information regarding OCG’s directors and executive officers is contained in OCG’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, which is filed with the SEC. Additional information regarding the interests of those participants and other persons who may be deemed participants in the transaction may be obtained by reading the consent solicitation statement/prospectus regarding the proposed merger when it becomes available. Free copies of this document may be obtained as described in the preceding paragraph.

Investor Relations Website

Investors and others should note that Oaktree uses the Unitholders – Investor Relations section of its corporate website to announce material information to investors and the marketplace. While not all of the information that Oaktree posts on its corporate website is of a material nature, some information could be deemed to be material. Accordingly, Oaktree encourages investors, the media, and others interested in Oaktree to review the information that it shares on its corporate website at the Unitholders – Investor Relations section of the Oaktree website, ir.oaktreecapital.com. Information contained on, or available through, our website is not incorporated by reference into this document.

 

GAAP Consolidated Statements of Operations

 
  Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019   2018
(in thousands, except
per unit data)
Revenues:
Management fees $ 169,934 $ 185,415
Incentive income 96,481   151,906  
Total revenues 266,415   337,321  
Expenses:
Compensation and benefits (114,523 ) (108,754 )
Equity-based compensation (14,329 ) (14,621 )
Incentive income compensation (52,300 ) (84,815 )
Total compensation and benefits expense (181,152 ) (208,190 )
General and administrative (47,603 ) (32,964 )
Depreciation and amortization (6,564 ) (6,402 )
Consolidated fund expenses (2,155 ) (3,480 )
Total expenses (237,474 ) (251,036 )
Other income (loss):
Interest expense (45,765 ) (40,579 )
Interest and dividend income 92,252 62,619
Net realized gain (loss) on consolidated funds’ investments (5,819 ) 14,599
Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on consolidated funds’ investments 57,117 (14,386 )
Investment income 62,150 34,563
Other income (expense), net 22   697  
Total other income (loss) 159,957   57,513  
Income before income taxes 188,898 143,798
Income taxes (4,498 ) (6,397 )
Net income 184,400 137,401
Less:
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated funds (64,202 ) (10,725 )
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries (66,115 ) (73,944 )
Net income attributable to OCG 54,083 52,732
Net income attributable to preferred unitholders (6,829 )  
Net income attributable to OCG Class A unitholders $ 47,254   $ 52,732  
 
Distributions declared per Class A unit $ 0.75   $ 0.76  
Net income per Class A unit (basic and diluted):
Net income per Class A unit $ 0.66   $ 0.78  
Weighted average number of Class A units outstanding 71,632   67,918  
 

Operating Metrics

We monitor certain operating metrics that are either common to the alternative asset management industry or that we believe provide important data regarding our business. As described below, these operating metrics include AUM, management fee-generating AUM, incentive-creating AUM, incentives created (fund level), accrued incentives (fund level) and uncalled capital commitments.

 
Assets Under Management As of
March 31,   December 31,   March 31,
2019 2018 2018
(in millions)
Assets Under Management:
Closed-end funds $ 55,083 $ 57,106 $ 55,682
Open-end funds 28,420 29,781 33,703
Evergreen funds 9,140 8,558 8,227
DoubleLine (1) 25,966   24,115   23,782  
Total $ 118,609   $ 119,560   $ 121,394  
 
Three Months Ended Twelve Months Ended
March 31, March 31,
2019 2018 2019 2018
(in millions)
Change in Assets Under Management:
Beginning balance $ 119,560 $ 123,930 $ 121,394 $ 121,232
Closed-end funds:
Capital commitments/other (2) 269 653 7,078 2,031
Distributions for a realization event / other (3) (1,788 ) (2,182 ) (6,556 ) (10,262 )
Change in uncalled capital commitments for funds entering or in liquidation (4) (799 ) (306 ) (1,046 ) (319 )
Foreign-currency translation (147 ) 219 (767 ) 1,106
Change in market value (5) 623 431 1,204 3,105
Change in applicable leverage (181 ) (4 ) (512 ) 173
Open-end funds:
Contributions 1,042 891 4,165 4,623
Redemptions (4,388 ) (2,635 ) (9,739 ) (8,399 )
Foreign-currency translation (19 ) 181 (562 ) 874
Change in market value (5) 2,004 (175 ) 853 1,480
Evergreen funds:
Contributions or new capital commitments (6) 260 363 1,096 1,089
Acquisition (BDCs) 2,110
Redemptions or distributions (7) (116 ) (161 ) (751 ) (786 )
Foreign-currency translation (3 ) 2 (2 )
Change in market value (5) 438 112 566 476
DoubleLine:
Net change in DoubleLine 1,851   80   2,184   2,863  
Ending balance $ 118,609   $ 121,394   $ 118,609   $ 121,394  
 

(1)

   

DoubleLine AUM reflects our pro-rata portion (based on our 20% ownership stake) of DoubleLine’s total AUM.

(2)

These amounts include capital commitments, as well as the aggregate par value of collateral assets and principal cash related to new CLO formations.

(3)

These amounts include distributions for a realization event, tax-related distributions, reductions in the par value of collateral assets and principal cash resulting from the repayment of debt as return of principal by CLOs, and recallable distributions at the end of the investment period.

(4)

The change in uncalled capital commitments generally reflects declines attributable to funds entering their liquidation periods, as well as capital contributions to funds in their liquidation periods for deferred purchase obligations or other reasons.

(5)

The change in market value reflects the change in NAV of our funds, less management fees and other fund expenses, as well as changes in the aggregate par value of collateral assets and principal cash held by CLOs and other levered funds.

(6)

These amounts include contributions and capital commitments, and for our publicly-traded BDCs, issuances of equity or debt capital.

(7)

These amounts include redemptions and distributions, and for our publicly-traded BDCs, dividends, repurchases of equity capital or repayment of debt.

 
 
Management Fee-generating AUM As of
March 31,   December 31,   March 31,
2019 2018 2018
Management Fee-generating AUM: (in millions)
Closed-end funds:
Senior Loans $ 8,179 $ 8,383 $ 8,104
Other closed-end funds 29,792 28,552 29,734
Open-end funds 28,152 29,503 33,448
Evergreen funds 8,175 7,555 6,975
DoubleLine 25,966   24,115   23,782  
Total $ 100,264   $ 98,108   $ 102,043  
 

Three Months Ended
March 31,

Twelve Months Ended
March 31,

2019 2018 2019 2018
Change in Management Fee-generating AUM: (in millions)
 
Beginning balance $ 98,108 $ 104,287 $ 102,043 $ 100,248
Closed-end funds:
Capital commitments to funds that pay fees based on committed capital / other (1) 1,268 3,015 952
Capital drawn by funds that pay fees based on drawn capital, NAV or cost basis 579 559 3,093 1,895
Change attributable to funds in liquidation (2) (501 ) (1,595 ) (3,599 ) (5,401 )
Change in uncalled capital commitments for funds entering or in liquidation that pay fees based on committed capital (3) (766 )
Distributions by funds that pay fees based on NAV / other (4) (92 ) (193 ) (451 ) (954 )
Foreign-currency translation (120 ) 174 (646 ) 932
Change in market value (5) 76 53 (20 ) 182
Change in applicable leverage (174 ) (5 ) (493 ) 171
Open-end funds:
Contributions 1,042 890 4,056 4,575
Redemptions (4,362 ) (2,635 ) (9,686 ) (8,398 )
Foreign-currency translation (19 ) 181 (562 ) 874
Change in market value 1,988 (176 ) 896 1,467
Evergreen funds:
Contributions or capital drawn by funds that pay fees based on drawn capital or NAV (6) 250 470 1,250 931
Acquisition (BDCs) 2,110
Redemptions or distributions (7) (98 ) (147 ) (652 ) (829 )
Change in market value (5) 468 100 602 425
DoubleLine:
Net change in DoubleLine 1,851   80   2,184   2,863  
Ending balance $ 100,264   $ 102,043   $ 100,264   $ 102,043  
 
(1)     These amounts include capital commitments to funds that pay fees based on committed capital, as well as the aggregate par value of collateral assets and principal cash related to new CLO formations.
(2) These amounts include the change for funds that pay fees based on the lesser of funded capital or cost basis during the liquidation period, as well as recallable distributions at the end of the investment period. For most closed-end funds, management fees are charged during the liquidation period on the lesser of (a) total funded capital or (b) the cost basis of assets remaining in the fund, with the cost basis of assets generally calculated by excluding cash balances. Thus, changes in fee basis during the liquidation period are not dependent on distributions made from the fund; rather, they are tied to the cost basis of the fund’s investments, which typically declines as the fund sells assets.
(3) The change in uncalled capital commitments reflects declines attributable to funds entering their liquidation periods, as well as capital contributions to funds in their liquidation periods for deferred purchase obligations or other reasons.
(4) These amounts include distributions by funds that pay fees based on NAV, as well as reductions in the par value of collateral assets and principal cash resulting from the repayment of debt as return of principal by CLOs.
(5) The change in market value reflects certain funds that pay management fees based on NAV and leverage, as applicable, as well as changes in the aggregate par value of collateral assets and principal cash held by CLOs and other levered funds.
(6) These amounts include contributions and capital commitments, and for our publicly-traded BDCs, issuances of equity or debt capital.
(7) These amounts include redemptions and distributions, and for our publicly-traded BDCs, dividends, repurchases of equity capital or repayment of debt.
 
  As of
March 31,   December 31,   March 31,
2019 2018 2018
Reconciliation of AUM to Management Fee-generating AUM: (in millions)
Assets under management $ 118,609 $ 119,560 $ 121,394
Difference between assets under management and committed capital or the lesser of funded capital or cost basis for applicable closed-end funds (1) (1,826 ) (2,899 ) (2,195 )
Undrawn capital commitments to closed-end funds that have not yet commenced their investment periods (8,532 ) (9,772 ) (8,463 )
Undrawn capital commitments to funds for which management fees are based on drawn capital, NAV or cost basis (4,075 ) (4,459 ) (3,954 )

Oaktree’s general partner investments in management fee-generating funds

(1,535 ) (1,642 ) (2,059 )
Funds that pay no management fees (2) (2,377 ) (2,680 ) (2,680 )
Management fee-generating assets under management $ 100,264   $ 98,108   $ 102,043  
 
(1)     This difference is not applicable to closed-end funds that pay management fees based on NAV or leverage.
(2) This includes funds that are no longer paying management fees, co-investments that pay no management fees, certain accounts that pay administrative fees intended to offset Oaktree’s costs related to the accounts and CLOs in the warehouse stage that pay no management fees.
 

The period-end weighted average annual management fee rates applicable to the closed-end, open-end and evergreen management fee-generating AUM balances above are set forth below.

  As of
March 31,   December 31,   March 31,
Weighted Average Annual Management Fee Rates: 2019 2018 2018
Closed-end funds:
Senior Loans 0.49 % 0.49 % 0.50 %
Other closed-end funds 1.43 1.43 1.47
Open-end funds 0.45 0.44 0.45
Evergreen funds (1) 1.17 1.17 1.20
All Oaktree funds (2) 0.93 0.90 0.91
 
(1)     Fee rates reflect the applicable asset-based management fee rates, exclusive of quarterly incentive fees on investment income that are included in management fees.
(2) Excludes DoubleLine funds.
 
 

Incentive-creating AUM

  As of
March 31,   December 31,  

March 31,

2019 2018 2018
Incentive-creating AUM: (in millions)
Closed-end funds $ 27,174 $ 27,809 $ 26,732
Evergreen funds 6,633 6,215 5,688
DoubleLine 606   605   615
Total $ 34,413   $ 34,629   $ 33,035
 
 

Accrued Incentives (Fund Level) and Incentives Created (Fund Level)

  As of or for the Three
Months Ended March 31,
2019   2018
Accrued Incentives (Fund Level): (in thousands)
Beginning balance $ 1,722,120   $ 1,920,339  
Incentives created (fund level):
Closed-end funds 59,559 97,306
Evergreen funds 26,382 13,879
DoubleLine 2,051    
Total incentives created (fund level) 87,992   111,185  
Less: incentive income recognized by us (385,208 ) (235,557 )
Ending balance $ 1,424,904   $ 1,795,967  
Accrued incentives (fund level), net of associated incentive income compensation expense $ 678,517   $ 868,035  
 

Non-GAAP Results

Our business is comprised of one segment, our investment management business, which consists of the investment management services that we provide to our clients. Management makes operating decisions and assesses the performance of our business based on financial data that are presented without the consolidation of our funds. The data most important to management in assessing our performance are distributable earnings and fee-related earnings, each for both the Operating Group and per Class A unit. Reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures are presented at Exhibit A.

Distributable Earnings

The following schedules set forth the components of distributable earnings:

 

Distributable Earnings Revenues

  Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019   2018
(in thousands)
Revenues:
Management fees $ 190,101 $ 202,947
Incentive income 385,208 235,557
Realized investment income proceeds 27,385   38,760
Total distributable earnings revenues $ 602,694   $ 477,264
 
 

Adjusted Expenses

  Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019   2018
(in thousands)
Expenses:
Compensation and benefits $ (113,195 ) $ (104,770 )
Incentive income compensation (207,701 ) (130,442 )
General and administrative (34,940 ) (37,437 )
Depreciation and amortization (2,369 ) (2,253 )
Total adjusted expenses $ (358,205 ) $ (274,902 )
 
 

Distributable Earnings

  Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019   2018
(in thousands)
 
Interest expense, net of interest income (1) $ (909 ) $ (3,410 )
Preferred unit distributions (6,829 )
Operating Group income taxes (529 ) (2,746 )
Other income (expense), net (2,330 ) (2,233 )
Distributable earnings (2) $ 233,892   $ 193,973  
 
(1)     Interest income was $5.3 million and $2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
(2) Reflects the sum of total distributable earnings revenues, adjusted expenses, net interest expense, preferred unit distributions, Operating Group income taxes and other income (expense).
 

Distribution Calculation

The calculation of distributions is set forth below:

 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019   2018
(in thousands, except
per unit data)
 
Distributable earnings $ 233,892 $ 193,973
 
Distribution Calculation:
Operating Group distribution with respect to the period $ 177,221 $ 165,045
Distribution per Operating Group unit $ 1.11 $ 1.05
Adjustments per Class A unit:
Distributable earnings-Class A income taxes (0.02 )
Tax receivable agreement (0.06 ) (0.06 )
Non-Operating Group expenses   (0.01 )
Distribution per Class A unit (1) $ 1.05   $ 0.96  
 
(1)     With respect to the quarter ended March 31, 2019, a distribution was announced on April 25, 2019 and is payable on May 10, 2019.
 
 

Units Outstanding

  Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019   2018
(in thousands)
Weighted Average Units:
OCGH 85,474 88,270
Class A 71,632 67,918
Total units 157,106 156,188
Units Eligible for Fiscal Period Distribution:
OCGH 86,719 86,007
Class A 72,940 71,179
Total units 159,659 157,186
 

Additional Detail

 

Management Fees

  Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019   2018
(in thousands)
Management fees:
Closed-end funds $ 113,050 $ 121,706
Open-end funds 32,752 38,112
Evergreen funds 29,239 24,916
DoubleLine 15,060 18,213
Total management fees $ 190,101 $ 202,947
 
 

Realized Investment Income Proceeds

  Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019   2018
(in thousands)
Oaktree funds:
Credit $ 16,548 $ 15,672
Private Equity 280 10,960
Real Assets 3,918 5,782
Listed Equities 4,282 5,551
Non-Oaktree 2,357 795
Total realized investment income proceeds $ 27,385 $ 38,760
 
 

Investment Income

  Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019   2018
(in thousands)
Oaktree funds:
Credit $ 38,889 $ 14,884
Private Equity 4 (812 )
Real Assets 8,270 4,950
Listed Equities 10,633 (7,412 )
Non-Oaktree 5,416   1,042  
Total investment income $ 63,212   $ 12,652  
 
 

GAAP Statement of Financial Condition (Unaudited)

  As of March 31, 2019
Oaktree and      
Operating Consolidated
Subsidiaries Funds Eliminations Consolidated
(in thousands)
Assets:
Cash and cash-equivalents $ 500,208 $ $ $ 500,208
U.S. Treasury and other securities 457,703 457,703
Corporate investments 1,732,421 (575,212 ) 1,157,209
Deferred tax assets 229,264 229,264
Operating lease assets 109,281 109,281
Receivables and other assets 899,483 (3,550 ) 895,933
Assets of consolidated funds     7,205,598       7,205,598
Total assets $ 3,928,360 $ 7,205,598 $ (578,762 ) $ 10,555,196
Liabilities and Capital:
Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 368,650 $ $ 663 $ 369,313
Due to affiliates 189,634 189,634
Debt obligations 746,078 746,078
Operating lease liabilities 139,210 139,210
Liabilities of consolidated funds     5,614,737   (29,548 )   5,585,189
Total liabilities   1,443,572   5,614,737   (28,885 )   7,029,424
Non-controlling redeemable interests in consolidated funds 1,040,984 1,040,984
Capital:
Capital attributable to OCG preferred unitholders 400,584 400,584
Capital attributable to OCG Class A unitholders 994,745 251,678 (251,678 ) 994,745
Non-controlling interest in consolidated subsidiaries 1,089,459 298,199 (298,199 ) 1,089,459
Non-controlling interest in consolidated funds     1,040,984   (1,040,984 )  
Total capital   2,484,788   1,590,861   (1,590,861 )   2,484,788
Total liabilities and capital $ 3,928,360 $ 7,205,598 $ (578,762 ) $ 10,555,196
 
 

Corporate Investments

  As of
March 31,   December 31,   March 31,
2019 2018 2018
(in thousands)
Oaktree funds:
Credit $ 1,004,646 $ 983,547 $ 922,287
Private Equity 239,285 237,913 245,450
Real Assets 307,128 357,382 148,215
Listed Equities 83,524 94,736 126,777
Non-Oaktree 80,446   86,907   75,451  
Total corporate investments – Non-GAAP 1,715,029 1,760,485 1,518,180
Adjustments (1) 17,392   10,745   29,945  
Total corporate investments – Oaktree and operating subsidiaries 1,732,421 1,771,230 1,548,125
Eliminations (575,212 ) (561,466 ) (545,924 )
Total corporate investments – Consolidated $ 1,157,209   $ 1,209,764   $ 1,002,201  
 
(1)     This adjusts CLO investments carried at amortized cost to fair value for GAAP reporting.
 

Fund Data

Information regarding our closed-end, open-end and evergreen funds, together with benchmark data where applicable, is set forth below. For our closed-end and evergreen funds, no benchmarks are presented in the tables as there are no known comparable benchmarks for these funds’ investment philosophy, strategy and implementation.

 

Closed-end Funds

      As of March 31, 2019
Investment Period Total Committed Capital   %

Invested (1)

  %

Drawn (2)

  Fund Net Income Since Inception   Distri-

butions Since Inception

  Net Asset Value   Manage-

ment Fee-gener-

ating AUM

  Incentive Income Recog-

nized (Non-GAAP)

  Accrued Incentives (Fund Level) (3)   Unreturned Drawn Capital Plus Accrued Preferred Return (4)   IRR Since Inception (5)   Multiple of Drawn Capital (6)
Start Date End Date

Gross

Net

Credit

(in millions)
Distressed Debt
Oaktree Opportunities Fund Xb (7)(13) TBD $8,872 26% 13% $(10) $— $1,144 $1,136 $— $— $1,198 nm nm 1.0x
Oaktree Opportunities Fund X (7) Jan. 2016 Jan. 2019 3,603 86 86 1,133 385 3,829 2,959 72 147 3,207 25.5% 15.8% 1.4
Oaktree Opportunities Fund IX Jan. 2014 Jan. 2017 5,066 nm 100 835 2,178 3,723 3,601 4,992 5.9 3.5 1.2
Oaktree Opportunities Fund VIIIb Aug. 2011 Aug. 2014 2,692 nm 100 933 2,401 1,224 1,340 52 1,629 8.7 5.9 1.5
Special Account B Nov. 2009 Nov. 2012 1,031 nm 100 611 1,605 116 112 16 2 17 13.5 11.1 1.6
Oaktree Opportunities Fund VIII Oct. 2009 Oct. 2012 4,507 nm 100 2,534 6,561 480 478 319 175 12.8 9.0 1.7
OCM Opportunities Fund VIIb May 2008 May 2011 10,940 nm 90 9,041 18,533 352 125 1,696 61 21.8 16.6 2.0
OCM Opportunities Fund VII Mar. 2007 Mar. 2010 3,598 nm 100 1,488 4,907 179 87 369 10.2 7.4 1.5
Legacy funds (8) Various Various 12,748 nm 100 10,773 23,500 22 1,625 1 23.6 18.5 1.8
21.9% 16.0%
Private/Alternative Credit
Oaktree European Capital Solutions Fund (7)(9)(10) Dec. 2015 Dec. 2018 €703 88% 74% €71 €246 €342 €392 €5 €5 €308 14.5% 9.8% 1.2x
Oaktree European Dislocation Fund (10) Oct. 2013 Oct. 2016 €294 nm 62 €39 €203 €18 €17 €3 €3 €— 19.0 13.3 1.3
Special Account E (10) Oct. 2013 Apr. 2015 €379 nm 69 €64 €321 €4 €3 €9 €1 €— 14.3 11.0 1.3
15.1% 10.8%
 
Oaktree Mezzanine Fund IV (9) Oct. 2014 Oct. 2019 $852 85% 83% $138 $306 $536 $555 $6 $13 $511 11.5% 8.4% 1.2x
Oaktree Mezzanine Fund III (11) Dec. 2009 Dec. 2014 1,592 nm 89 480 1,805 98 72 30 20 13 15.4

 

10.4 / 9.4

1.4
OCM Mezzanine Fund II Jun. 2005 Jun. 2010 1,251 nm 88 494 1,692 53 135 10.9 7.4 1.6
OCM Mezzanine Fund (12) Oct. 2001 Oct. 2006 808 nm 96 302 1,075 38 15.4

10.8 / 10.5

 

1.5
13.0% 8.8%
Emerging Markets Debt
Special Account H TBD $351 23% 23% $(2) $— $78 $75 $— $— $83 nm nm 1.0x
Oaktree Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund II (13) TBD 259 20% 20 (2) 51 49 55 nm nm 1.0
Oaktree Emerging Market Opportunities Fund Sep. 2013 Sep. 2017 384 nm 78 120 340 78 71 9 12 37 15.5% 10.5% 1.5
Special Account F Jan. 2014 Sep. 2017 253 nm 96 79 273 47 46 7 8 19 15.2 10.8 1.4
14.9% 10.1%

Private Equity

Corporate Private Equity
Oaktree European Principal Fund IV (7)(10)(13) Jul. 2017 Jul. 2022 €1,119 96% 84% €230 €110 €1,061 €1,096 €— €45 €817 nm nm 1.3x
Oaktree European Principal Fund III (10) Nov. 2011 Nov. 2016 €3,164 nm 87 €2,551 €2,260 €3,040 €2,581 €154 €343 €1,659 18.1% 12.5% 2.1
OCM European Principal Opportunities Fund II (10) Dec. 2007 Dec. 2012 €1,759 nm 100 €209 €1,865 €75 €— €29 €— €787 6.8 2.3 1.3
OCM European Principal Opportunities Fund Mar. 2006 Mar. 2009 $495 nm 96 $454 $927 $— $— $87 $— $— 11.7 8.9 2.1
13.3% 8.8%
 
 
      As of March 31, 2019
Investment Period Total Committed Capital   %

Invested (1)

  %

Drawn (2)

  Fund Net Income Since Inception   Distri-

butions Since Inception

  Net Asset Value   Manage-

ment Fee-gener-

ating AUM

Incentive Income Recog-

nized (Non-GAAP)

  Accrued Incentives (Fund Level) (3)   Unreturned Drawn Capital Plus Accrued Preferred Return (4)   IRR Since

Inception (5)

  Multiple of Drawn Capital (6)
Start Date End Date Gross   Net
(in millions)
 
Oaktree Power Opportunities Fund V Apr. 2019 Apr. 2024 $1,400 10% 9% $(5) $— $125 $1,390 $— $— $132 nm nm 1.0x
Oaktree Power Opportunities Fund IV Nov. 2015 Nov. 2020 1,106 93 92 98 2 1,116 1,078 1,179 8.6% 4.9% 1.2
Oaktree Power Opportunities Fund III Apr. 2010 Apr. 2015 1,062 nm 69 541 970 308 322 43 60 21.4 14.0 1.9
Legacy funds (8) Various Various 1,470 nm 63 1,688 2,615 (3) 123 35.1 27.4 2.8
34.3% 25.9%
Special Situations
Oaktree Special Situations Fund II (7) TBD $1,336 12% 2% $(6) $3 $20 $145 $— $— $24 nm nm 1.0x
Oaktree Special Situations Fund (7) Nov. 2015 Nov. 2018 1,377 100 83 145 175 1,114 1,082 19 1,102 16.6% 8.5% 1.2x
Other funds:
Oaktree Principal Fund V Feb. 2009 Feb. 2015 $2,827 nm 91% $419 $1,760 $1,245 $1,258 $50 $— $2,221 6.7% 2.7% 1.3x
Special Account C Dec. 2008 Feb. 2014 505 nm 91 152 423 189 235 21 284 8.7 5.3 1.5
OCM Principal Opportunities Fund IV Oct. 2006 Oct. 2011 3,328 nm 100 2,932 6,166 94 554 17 12.3 8.9 2.0
Legacy funds (8) Various Various 3,701 nm 100 2,718 6,404 15 407 14.4 11.1 1.8
12.9% 9.1%

Real Assets

Real Estate
Oaktree Real Estate Opportunities Fund VII (13)(14) Jan. 2016 Jan. 2020 $2,921 85% 47% $559 $248 $1,693 $2,775 $— $108 $1,233 nm nm 1.5x
Oaktree Real Estate Opportunities Fund VI Aug. 2012 Aug. 2016 2,677 nm 100 1,449 2,714 1,413 1,120 90 190 947 14.9% 10.0% 1.7
Oaktree Real Estate Opportunities Fund V Mar. 2011 Mar. 2015 1,283 nm 100 973 2,094 162 101 154 31 17.0 12.5 1.9
Special Account D Nov. 2009 Nov. 2012 256 nm 100 207 435 36 17 4 14.7 12.7 1.8
Oaktree Real Estate Opportunities Fund IV Dec. 2007 Dec. 2011 450 nm 100 391 787 54 63 11 15.7 10.7 2.0
Legacy funds (8) Various Various 2,341 nm 99 2,010 4,326 232 15.2 11.9 1.9
15.6% 11.9%
 
Oaktree Real Estate Debt Fund II (9)(13) Mar. 2017 Mar. 2020 $2,087 66% 39% $61 $60 $814 $1,341 $— $9 $781 nm nm 1.1x
Oaktree Real Estate Debt Fund Sep. 2013 Oct. 2016 1,112 nm 83 200 733 391 426 12 16 259 19.2% 14.3% 1.3
Oaktree PPIP Fund (15) Dec. 2009 Dec. 2012 2,322 nm 48 457 1,570 47 28.2 n/a 1.4
 
Special Account G (Real Estate Income) (9)(13) Oct. 2016 Oct. 2020 $615 99% 99% $123 $86 $646 $574 $— $24 $594 nm nm 1.2x
 
Infrastructure
Oaktree Transportation Infrastructure Fund Dec. 2018 Dec. 2023 $1,097 19% 19% $(8) $— $206 $837 $— $— $— nm nm 1.0x
Highstar Capital IV (16) Nov. 2010 Nov. 2016 2,000 nm 100 (21) 1,008 981 1,264 1,803 4.2% 0.2% 1.1
29,158

 

(10)

1,374

 

(10)

Other (17) 8,712 10
Total (18) $37,870 $1,384
 
(1)     For our incentive-creating closed-end funds in their investment periods, this percentage equals invested capital divided by committed capital. Invested capital for this purpose is the sum of capital drawn from fund investors plus net borrowings outstanding under a fund-level credit facility (if any), where such borrowings were made in lieu of drawing capital from fund investors.
(2) Represents capital drawn from fund investors, net of distributions to such investors of uninvested capital, divided by committed capital. The aggregate change in drawn capital for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $0.7 billion.
(3) Accrued incentives (fund level) exclude non-GAAP incentive income previously recognized.
(4) Unreturned drawn capital plus accrued preferred return reflects the amount the fund needs to distribute to its investors as a return of capital and a preferred return (as applicable) before Oaktree is entitled to receive incentive income (other than tax distributions) from the fund.
(5) The internal rate of return (“IRR”) is the annualized implied discount rate calculated from a series of cash flows. It is the return that equates the present value of all capital invested in an investment to the present value of all returns of capital, or the discount rate that will provide a net present value of all cash flows equal to zero. Fund-level IRRs are calculated based upon the actual timing of cash contributions/distributions to investors and the residual value of such investor’s capital accounts at the end of the applicable period being measured. Gross IRRs reflect returns before allocation of management fees, expenses and any incentive allocation to the fund’s general partner. To the extent material, gross returns include certain transaction, advisory, directors or other ancillary fees (“fee income”) paid directly to us in connection with our funds’ activities (we credit all such fee income back to the respective fund(s) so that our funds’ investors share pro rata in the fee income’s economic benefit). Net IRRs reflect returns to non-affiliated investors after allocation of management fees, expenses and any incentive allocation to the fund’s general partner.
(6) Multiple of drawn capital is calculated as drawn capital plus gross income and, if applicable, fee income before fees and expenses divided by drawn capital.
(7) Fund data include the performance of the main fund and any associated fund-of-one accounts, except the gross and net IRRs presented reflect only the performance of the main fund. Certain fund-of-one accounts pay management fees based on cost basis, rather than committed capital.
(8) Legacy funds represent certain predecessor funds within the relevant strategy or product that have substantially or completely liquidated their assets, including funds managed by certain Oaktree investment professionals while employed at the Trust Company of the West prior to Oaktree’s founding in 1995. When these employees joined Oaktree upon, or shortly after, its founding, they continued to manage the fund through the end of its term pursuant to a sub-advisory relationship between the Trust Company of the West and Oaktree.
(9) Management fees during the investment period are calculated on drawn capital or cost basis, rather than committed capital. As a result, as of March 31, 2019 management fee-generating AUM included only that portion of committed capital that had been drawn.
(10) Aggregate IRRs or totals are based on the conversion of cash flows or amounts, respectively, from euros to USD using the March 31, 2019 spot rate of $1.12.
(11) The fund’s partnership interests are divided into Class A and Class B interests, with the Class A interests having priority with respect to the distribution of current income and disposition proceeds. The net IRR for Class A interests was 10.4% and Class B interests was 9.4%. The combined net IRR for Class A and Class B interests was 10.0%.
(12) The fund’s partnership interests are divided into Class A and Class B interests, with the Class A interests having priority with respect to the distribution of current income and disposition proceeds. The net IRR for Class A interests was 10.8% and Class B interests was 10.5%. The combined net IRR for the Class A and Class B interests was 10.6%.
(13) The IRR is not considered meaningful (“nm”) as the period from the initial capital contribution through March 31, 2019 was less than 36 months.
(14) A portion of this fund pays management fees based on drawn, rather than committed, capital.
(15) Due to differences in the allocation of income and expenses to this fund’s two primary limited partners, the U.S. Treasury and Oaktree PPIP Private Fund, a combined net IRR is not presented. Of the $2,322 million in capital commitments, $1,161 million related to the Oaktree PPIP Private Fund, whose gross and net IRR were 24.7% and 18.6%, respectively.
(16) The fund follows the American-style distribution waterfall, whereby the general partner may receive an incentive allocation as soon as it has returned the drawn capital and paid a preferred return on the fund’s realized investments (i.e., on a deal-by-deal basis). However, such cash distributions of incentives may be subject to repayment, or clawback. As of March 31, 2019, Oaktree had not recognized any incentive income from this fund. The accrued incentives (fund level) for this fund represents Oaktree’s effective 8% of the potential incentives generated by this fund in accordance with the terms of the Highstar acquisition.
(17) This includes our closed-end Senior Loan funds, CLOs, a non-Oaktree fund and certain separate accounts and co-investments.
(18) The total excludes one closed-end fund with management fee-generating AUM of $101 million as of March 31, 2019, which has been included as part of the Strategic Credit strategy within the evergreen funds table.
 
 

Open-end Funds

    Manage-

ment Fee-gener-

ating AUM

as of

Mar. 31, 2019

Twelve Months Ended

March 31, 2019

  Since Inception through March 31, 2019
Strategy Inception Rates of Return (1) Annualized Rates of Return (1)   Sharpe Ratio
Oaktree   Rele-

vant Bench-

mark

Oaktree   Rele-

vant Bench-

mark

Oaktree Gross   Rele-

vant Bench-

mark

Gross   Net Gross   Net
(in millions)

Credit

High Yield Bonds
U.S. High Yield Bonds 1986 $ 12,060 4.9 % 4.4 % 5.8 % 9.0 % 8.5 % 8.2 % 0.78 0.56
Global High Yield Bonds 2010 3,323 4.7 4.2 5.7 6.7 6.2 6.6 1.04 1.04
European High Yield Bonds 1999 436 6.8 6.3 4.6 7.9 7.4 6.2 0.72 0.46
 
Convertibles
U.S. Convertibles 1987 927 4.4 3.9 7.8 9.2 8.6 8.3 0.49 0.39
Non-U.S. Convertibles 1994 652 0.2 (0.3 ) 0.9 7.9 7.3 5.3 0.75 0.38
High Income Convertibles 1989 1,041 4.7 4.1 5.9 11.0 10.2 8.0 1.05 0.60
 
Senior Loans
U.S. Senior Loans 2008 641 3.6 3.1 3.3 5.8 5.3 5.1 1.07 0.65
European Senior Loans 2009 1,094 2.2 1.6 1.7 7.0 6.5 7.6 1.61 1.61
 
Multi-Strategy Credit
Multi-Strategy Credit (2) Various 2,585 nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
 

Listed Equities

Emerging Markets Equities
Emerging Markets Equities 2011   5,393 (4.9 ) (5.6 ) (7.4 ) 2.7 1.9 1.4 0.12 0.05

 

Total

$ 28,152
 
(1)     Returns represent time-weighted rates of return, including reinvestment of income, net of commissions and transaction costs. The returns for Relevant Benchmarks are presented on a gross basis.
(2) Includes Global Credit Fund and individual accounts across various strategies with different investment mandates. As such, a combined performance measure is not considered meaningful (“nm”).
 
 

Evergreen Funds

    As of March 31, 2019   Twelve Months Ended March 31, 2019   Since Inception through March 31, 2019
AUM   Manage-

ment

Fee-gener-

ating AUM

  Accrued Incen-

tives (Fund Level)

Strategy Inception Rates of Return (1) Annualized Rates

of Return (1)

Gross   Net Gross   Net
(in millions)

Credit

Private/Alternative Credit
Strategic Credit (2) 2012 $ 5,581 $ 5,244 $ 11 7.7 % 5.8 % 9.1 % 6.7 %
 
Distressed Debt
Value Opportunities 2007 1,051 978 8 12.8 8.9 10.0 6.2
 
Emerging Markets Debt
Emerging Markets Debt (3) 2015 1,181 692 4.0 2.3 12.8 9.8
 

Listed Equities

Value/Other Equities
Value Equities (4) 2012 535   510   6 11.4 8.0 19.4 14.1
7,424 25

Other (5)

852 12

Restructured funds

    4

Total (2)

$ 8,276 $ 41
 
(1)     Returns represent time-weighted rates of return.
(2) Includes our publicly-traded BDCs and one closed-end fund with $81 million and $101 million of AUM and management fee-generating AUM, respectively. The rates of return reflect the performance of a composite of certain evergreen accounts and exclude our publicly-traded BDCs.
(3) Includes the Emerging Markets Debt Total Return and Emerging Markets Opportunities strategies. The rates of return reflect the performance of a composite of accounts for the Emerging Markets Debt Total Return strategy, including a single account with a December 2014 inception date.
(4) Includes performance of a proprietary fund with an initial capital commitment of $25 million since its inception in May 2012.
(5) Includes certain Real Estate and Multi-Strategy Credit accounts.
 

GLOSSARY

Accrued incentives (fund level) represents the incentive income that would be paid to us if the funds were liquidated at their reported values as of the date of the financial statements. Incentives created (fund level) refers to the gross amount of potential incentives generated by the funds during the period, and includes our pro-rata portion of performance fees attributable to our minority interest in DoubleLine earned in the period. We refer to the amount of accrued incentives recognized as revenue by us as incentive income. Amounts recognized by us as incentive income are no longer included in accrued incentives (fund level), the term we use for remaining fund-level accruals. Incentives created (fund level), incentive income and accrued incentives (fund level) are presented gross, without deduction for direct compensation expense that is owed to our investment professionals associated with the particular fund when we earn the incentive income. We call that charge “incentive income compensation expense.” Incentive income compensation expense varies by the investment strategy and vintage of the particular fund, among many factors.

Assets under management (“AUM”) generally refers to the assets we manage and equals the NAV of the assets we manage, the leverage on which management fees are charged, the undrawn capital that we are entitled to call from investors in our funds pursuant to their capital commitments, and our pro-rata portion of AUM managed by DoubleLine in which we hold a minority ownership interest. For our CLOs, AUM represents the aggregate par value of collateral assets and principal cash, for our publicly-traded BDCs, gross assets (including assets acquired with leverage), net of cash, and for DoubleLine funds, NAV. Our AUM includes amounts for which we charge no management fees.

  • Management fee-generating assets under management (“management fee-generating AUM”) is a forward-looking metric and generally reflects the beginning AUM on which we will earn management fees in the following quarter, as well as our pro-rata portion of the fee basis of DoubleLine’s AUM. Our closed-end funds typically pay management fees based on committed capital, drawn capital or cost basis during the investment period, without regard to changes in NAV, and during the liquidation period on the lesser of (a) total funded capital or (b) the cost basis of assets remaining in the fund. The annual management fee rate generally remains unchanged from the investment period through the liquidation period. Our open-end and evergreen funds typically pay management fees based on their NAV, our CLOs pay management fees based on the aggregate par value of collateral assets and principal cash, as defined in the applicable CLO indentures, our publicly-traded BDCs pay management fees based on gross assets (including assets acquired with leverage), net of cash, and DoubleLine funds typically pay management fees based on NAV. As compared with AUM, management fee-generating AUM generally excludes the following:
    • Differences between AUM and either committed capital or cost basis for most closed-end funds, other than for closed-end funds that pay management fees based on NAV and leverage, as applicable;
    • Undrawn capital commitments to closed-end funds that have not yet commenced their investment periods;
    • Undrawn capital commitments to funds for which management fees are based on drawn capital, NAV or cost basis;
    • Oaktree’s general partner investments in management fee-generating funds; and
    • Funds that pay no management fees.
  • Incentive-creating assets under management (“incentive-creating AUM”) refers to the AUM that may eventually produce incentive income. It generally represents the NAV of our funds for which we are entitled to receive an incentive allocation, excluding CLOs and investments made by us and our employees and directors (which are not subject to an incentive allocation), gross assets (including assets acquired with leverage), net of cash, for our publicly-traded BDCs, and our pro-rata portion of DoubleLine’s incentive-creating AUM. All funds for which we are entitled to receive an incentive allocation are included in incentive-creating AUM, regardless of whether or not they are currently above their preferred return or high-water mark and therefore generating incentives. Incentive-creating AUM does not include undrawn capital commitments.

Class A units refer to the common units of OCG designated as Class A units.

Consolidated funds refers to the funds and CLOs that Oaktree is required to consolidate as of the respective reporting date.

Distributable earnings (“DE”) is a non-GAAP performance measure of profitability for our investment management business. DE reflects our realized earnings, after deducting preferred unit distributions, at the Operating Group level without the effects of the consolidated funds for the purpose of, among other things, assisting in the determination of equity distributions from the Operating Group. However, the declaration, payment and determination of the amount of equity distributions, if any, is at the sole discretion of our board of directors, which may change our distribution policy at any time. DE revenues include the portion of the earnings from management fees and performance fees attributable to our 20% ownership interest in DoubleLine, which are reflected as investment income in our GAAP statements of operations. DE excludes (a) unrealized incentive income and the associated incentive income compensation expense, (b) unrealized gains and losses resulting from foreign-currency transactions and hedging activities, and (c) excludes investment income or loss, which is largely non-cash in nature, and includes the portion of income or loss on distributions received from funds and companies. DE also excludes (a) non-cash equity-based compensation expense, (b) acquisition-related items, including amortization of intangibles, changes in the contingent consideration liability and costs related to the Brookfield transaction, (c) income taxes and other income or expense applicable to OCG or its Intermediate Holding Companies, and (d) non-controlling interests. In addition, any make-whole premium charges related to the repayment of debt are, for DE purposes, amortized through the original maturity date of the repaid debt.

Distributable earnings-Class A, or distributable earnings per Class A unit, is a non-GAAP performance measure calculated to provide Class A unitholders with a measure that shows the portion of DE attributable to their ownership. Distributable earnings-Class A represents DE, including the effect of (a) the OCGH non-controlling interest, (b) expenses such as current income tax expense applicable to OCG or its Intermediate Holding Companies, and (c) amounts payable under a tax receivable agreement. The income tax expense included in distributable earnings-Class A represents the implied current provision for income taxes calculated using an approach similar to that which is used in calculating the income tax provision for GAAP.

Fee-related earnings (“FRE”) is a non-GAAP performance measure that we use to monitor the baseline earnings of our business. FRE is a component of DE and is comprised of management fees (“fee revenues”) less operating expenses other than incentive income compensation expense and non-cash equity-based compensation expense. FRE is considered baseline because it excludes all non-management fee revenue sources and applies all cash compensation and benefits other than incentive income compensation expense, as well as all general and administrative expenses, to management fees, even though those expenses also support the generation of incentive and realized investment income proceeds. FRE is presented before income taxes.

Fee-related earnings-Class A, or fee-related earnings per Class A unit, is a non-GAAP performance measure calculated to provide Class A unitholders with a measure that shows the portion of FRE attributable to their ownership. Fee-related earnings-Class A represents FRE including the effect of (a) the OCGH non-controlling interest, (b) other income or expenses, such as income tax expense, applicable to OCG or its Intermediate Holding Companies and (c) any Operating Group income taxes attributable to OCG. Fee-related earnings-Class A income taxes is calculated excluding any incentive income or investment income (loss).

Incentive income is generally recognized for our closed-end funds only after the fund has distributed all contributed capital plus an annual preferred return (commonly referred to as the European-style waterfall) and, for our evergreen funds, on an annual basis up to 20% of the year’s profits, subject to a high-water mark or hurdle rate. For non-GAAP reporting, incentive income also includes the portion of the performance fees attributable to our minority equity interest in DoubleLine earned in the period.

Intermediate Holding Companies collectively refers to the subsidiaries wholly owned by us.

Invested capital reflects deployed capital, whether involving drawn or recycled equity capital, or borrowings from fund-level credit facilities. This metric is used in connection with incentive-creating closed-end funds and certain evergreen funds.

Management fees are recognized over the period in which our investment advisory services are performed and for non-GAAP reporting include the portion of the earnings from management fees attributable to our minority equity interest in DoubleLine.

Net asset value (“NAV”) refers to the value of all the assets of a fund (including cash and accrued interest and dividends) less all liabilities of the fund (including accrued expenses and any reserves established by us, in our discretion, for contingent liabilities) without reduction for accrued incentives (fund level) because they are reflected in the partners’ capital of the fund.

Oaktree, OCG, we, us, our or the Company refers to Oaktree Capital Group, LLC and, where applicable, its subsidiaries and affiliates.

Oaktree Operating Group (“Operating Group”) refers collectively to the entities in which we have a minority economic interest and indirect control that either (i) act as or control the general partners and investment advisers of our funds or (ii) hold interests in other entities or investments generating income for us.

Preferred units or preferred unitholders refer to the Series A and Series B preferred units of OCG or Series A and Series B preferred unitholders, respectively, unless otherwise specified.

Relevant Benchmark refers, with respect to:

  • our U.S. High Yield Bond product, to the FTSE US High-Yield Cash-Pay Capped Index;
  • our Global High Yield Bond product, to an Oaktree custom global high yield index that represents 60% ICE BofAML High Yield Master II Constrained Index and 40% ICE BofAML Global Non-Financial High Yield European Issuers 3% Constrained, ex-Russia Index – USD Hedged from inception through December 31, 2012, and the ICE BofAML Non-Financial Developed Markets High Yield Constrained Index – USD Hedged thereafter;
  • our European High Yield Bond product, to the ICE BofAML Global Non-Financial High Yield European Issuers excluding Russia 3% Constrained Index (USD Hedged);
  • our U.S. Senior Loan product (with the exception of the closed-end funds), to the Credit Suisse Leveraged Loan Index;
  • our European Senior Loan product, to the Credit Suisse Western European Leveraged Loan Index (EUR Hedged);
  • our U.S. Convertible Securities product, to an Oaktree custom convertible index that represents the Credit Suisse Convertible Securities Index from inception through December 31, 1999, the Goldman Sachs/Bloomberg Convertible 100 Index from January 1, 2000 through June 30, 2004, and the ICE BofAML All U.S. Convertibles Index thereafter;
  • our non-U.S. Convertible Securities product, to an Oaktree custom non-U.S. convertible index that represents the JACI Global ex-U.S. (Local) Index from inception through December 31, 2014 and the Thomson Reuters Global Focus ex-U.S. (USD hedged) Index thereafter;
  • our High Income Convertible Securities product, to the FTSE US High-Yield Market Index; and
  • our Emerging Markets Equities product, to the Morgan Stanley Capital International Emerging Markets Index (Net).

Sharpe Ratio refers to a metric used to calculate risk-adjusted return. The Sharpe Ratio is the ratio of excess return to volatility, with excess return defined as the return above that of a riskless asset (based on the three-month U.S. Treasury bill, or for our European Senior Loan product, the Euro Overnight Index Average) divided by the standard deviation of such return. A higher Sharpe Ratio indicates a return that is higher than would be expected for the level of risk compared to the risk-free rate.

Uncalled capital commitments represent undrawn capital commitments by partners (including Oaktree as general partner) of our closed-end funds through their investment periods and certain evergreen funds. If a fund distributes capital during its investment period, that capital is typically subject to possible recall, in which case it is included in uncalled capital commitments.

EXHIBIT A

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Information

Oaktree discloses certain non-GAAP financial measures in this earnings release. Reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP are presented below. Management makes operating decisions and assesses the performance of Oaktree’s business based on these non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for or superior to, net income, net income per Class A unit or other financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP.

Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Results

The following table reconciles net income attributable to Oaktree Capital Group, LLC Class A unitholders to distributable earnings and fee-related earnings.

 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019   2018
(in thousands)
Net income attributable to OCG Class A unitholders $ 47,254 $ 52,732
Incentive income (1) 286,676 83,581
Incentive income compensation (1) (155,401 ) (45,627 )
Investment income (67,899 ) (23,139 )
Realized investment income proceeds (2) 27,385 38,760
Equity-based compensation (3) 14,329 14,621
Foreign-currency hedging (4) (1,373 ) (2,122 )
Acquisition-related items (5) 16,821 1,574
Other expense, net (6) (2,745 ) (2,745 )
Income taxes 3,969 3,651
Non-Operating Group (income) expenses (7) (52 ) (20 )
Non-controlling interests (7) 64,928   72,707  
Distributable earnings (8) 233,892 193,973
Incentive income (385,208 ) (235,557 )
Incentive income compensation 207,701 130,442
Realized investment income proceeds (27,385 ) (38,760 )
Interest expense, net of interest income 909 3,410
Preferred unit distributions 6,829
Other expense, net 2,330 2,233
Operating Group income taxes 529   2,746  
Fee-related earnings (8) $ 39,597   $ 58,487  
 
(1)     This adjustment relates to unrealized incentive income which is excluded from distributable earnings revenues and incentive income compensation expense.
(2) This adjustment reflects the portion of distributions received from funds characterized as realized investment income or loss. In general, the income or loss component of a distribution from a fund is calculated by multiplying the amount of the distribution by the ratio of our investment’s undistributed income or loss to our remaining investment balance. In addition, if the distribution is made during the investment period, it is generally not reflected in distributable earnings until after the investment period ends.
(3) This adjustment adds back the effect of equity-based compensation expense, which is excluded from distributable earnings because it is a non-cash charge that does not affect our financial position.
(4) This adjustment removes the effect of unrealized gains and losses related to foreign-currency hedging activities.
(5) This adjustment adds back the effect of acquisition-related items associated with the amortization of intangibles, changes in the contingent consideration liability and costs related to the Brookfield transaction, which are excluded from distributable earnings.
(6) For distributable earnings, the $22 million make-whole premium charge that was included in net income attributable to OCG Class A unitholders in the fourth quarter of 2017 in connection with the early repayment of our 2019 Notes is amortized through the original maturity date of December 2019.
(7) Because distributable earnings is calculated at the Operating Group level, this adjustment adds back the effect of items applicable to OCG, its Intermediate Holding Companies or non-controlling interests.
(8) Per Class A unit amounts are calculated to evaluate the portion of distributable earnings and fee-related earnings attributable to Class A unitholders. Reconciliations of distributable earnings to distributable earnings per Class A unit and fee-related earnings to fee-related earnings per Class A unit are presented below.
           
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019   2018
(in thousands, except
per unit data)
Distributable earnings $ 233,892 $ 193,973
OCGH non-controlling interest (127,249 ) (109,624 )
Non-Operating Group income (expense) 52 20
Distributable earnings-Class A income taxes 1,699 (333 )
Tax receivable agreement (3,825 ) (3,858 )
Distributable earnings-Class A $ 104,569   $ 80,178  
Distributable earnings per Class A unit $ 1.46   $ 1.18  
Weighted average number of Class A units outstanding 71,632   67,918  
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019 2018
(in thousands, except
per unit data)
Fee-related earnings $ 39,597 $ 58,487
OCGH non-controlling interest (21,543 ) (33,054 )
Non-Operating Group expense (195 ) (207 )
Fee-related earnings-Class A income taxes (999 ) (957 )
Fee-related earnings-Class A $ 16,860   $ 24,269  
Fee-related earnings per unit $ 0.24   $ 0.36  
Weighted average number of total units outstanding 71,632   67,918  
 

The following table reconciles GAAP revenues to distributable earnings revenues and fee-related earnings revenues.

 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019   2018
(in thousands)
GAAP revenues $ 266,415 $ 337,321
Consolidated funds (1) 5,107 (611 )
Management fees (2) 15,060 18,213
Incentive income (3) 288,727 83,581
Realized investment income proceeds 27,385   38,760  
Distributable earnings revenues 602,694 477,264
Incentive income (385,208 ) (235,557 )
Realized investment income proceeds (27,385 ) (38,760 )
Fee revenues $ 190,101   $ 202,947  
 
(1)     This adjustment represents amounts attributable to the consolidated funds that were eliminated in consolidation, the reclassification of gains and losses related to foreign-currency hedging activities from general and administrative expense to revenues, the elimination of non-controlling interests from adjusted revenues, and certain compensation and administrative related expense reimbursements netted with expenses.
(2) This adjustment reclassifies the portion of the earnings from the management fees attributable to our 20% ownership interest in DoubleLine, which is included in consolidated investment income in our GAAP statements of operations to revenues.
(3) This adjustment relates to unrealized incentive income which is excluded from distributable earnings revenues and reclassifies the portion of the earnings from the performance fees attributable to our 20% ownership interest in DoubleLine, which is included in consolidated investment income in our GAAP statements of operations to revenues.
 

The following tables reconcile GAAP consolidated financial data to non-GAAP data:

 
As of or for the Three Months
Ended March 31, 2019
    Distributable
Consolidated Adjustments Earnings
(in thousands)
Management fees (1) $ 169,934 $ 20,167 $ 190,101
Incentive income (1) 96,481 288,727 385,208
Realized investment income proceeds (2) 27,385 27,385
Total expenses (3) (237,474 ) (120,731 ) (358,205 )
Interest expense, net (4) (45,765 ) 44,856 (909 )
Investment income (2) 62,150 (62,150 )
Other income (expense), net (5) 22 (2,352 ) (2,330 )
Other income of consolidated funds (6) 143,550 (143,550 )
Income taxes (4,498 ) 3,969 (529 )
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated funds (64,202 ) 64,202
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries (66,115 ) 66,115
Net income attributable to preferred unitholders (6,829 )   (6,829 )
Net income attributable to OCG Class A unitholders / Distributable earnings $ 47,254   $ 186,638   $ 233,892  
 
(1)     The adjustment (a) adds back amounts earned from the consolidated funds, (b) reclassifies DoubleLine investment income of $15,060 to management fees and $2,051 to incentive income, (c) for management fees, reclassifies $1,078 of net gains related to foreign-currency hedging activities from general and administrative expense and $2,469 of expense reimbursements grossed-up for GAAP reporting, but netted with expenses for distributable earnings, and (d) $286,676 related to incentive income.
(2) Distributable earnings excludes investment income or loss and includes the portion of income or loss on distributions received from funds and companies.
(3) The expense adjustment consists of (a) equity-based compensation expense of $14,329, (b) consolidated fund expenses of $3,700, (c) expenses incurred by the Intermediate Holding Companies of $195, (d) incentive income compensation expense related to unrealized incentive income of $155,401, (e) $3,891 of acquisition-related items, (f) $12,930 related to the Brookfield transaction, (g) $2,844 of net gains related to foreign-currency hedging activities, and (h) $2,469 of reimbursements grossed-up as revenues for GAAP reporting, but netted with expenses for distributable earnings.
(4) The interest expense adjustment removes interest expense of the consolidated funds and reclassifies interest income from other income of consolidated funds.
(5) The adjustment to other income (expense), net represents adjustments related to (a) the reclassification of $393 in net gains related to foreign-currency hedging activities from general and administrative expense and the amortization of make-whole premium expenses.
(6) The adjustment to other income of consolidated funds removes interest, dividend and other investment income attributable to third-party investors in our consolidated funds, and reclassifies interest income to interest expense, net.
 
 
As of or for the Three Months
Ended March 31, 2018
    Distributable
Consolidated Adjustments Earnings
(in thousands)
Management fees (1) $ 185,415 $ 17,532 $ 202,947
Incentive income (1) 151,906 83,651 235,557
Realized investment income proceeds (2) 38,760 38,760
Total expenses (3) (251,036 ) (23,866 ) (274,902 )
Interest expense, net (4) (40,579 ) 37,169 (3,410 )
Investment income (2) 34,563 (34,563 )
Other income (expense), net (5) 697 (2,930 ) (2,233 )
Other income of consolidated funds (6) 62,832 (62,832 )
Income taxes (6,397 ) 3,651 (2,746 )
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated funds (10,725 ) 10,725
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries (73,944 ) 73,944    
Net income attributable to OCG Class A unitholders / Distributable earnings $ 52,732   $ 141,241   $ 193,973  
 
(1)     The adjustment (a) adds back amounts earned from the consolidated funds, (b) reclassifies DoubleLine investment income of $18,213 to management fees, (c) for management fees, reclassifies $1,820 of net losses related to foreign-currency hedging activities from general and administrative expense and $4,205 of expense reimbursements grossed-up for GAAP reporting, but netted with expenses for distributable earnings, and (d) $83,581 related to incentive income.
(2) Distributable earnings excludes investment income or loss and includes the portion of income or loss on distributions received from funds and companies.
(3) The expense adjustment consists of (a) equity-based compensation expense of $14,621, (b) consolidated fund expenses of $1,271, (c) expenses incurred by the Intermediate Holding Companies of $207, (d) incentive income compensation expense related to unrealized incentive income of $45,627, (e) acquisition-related items of $1,574, (f) $117 of net gains related to foreign-currency hedging activities and (g) $4,205 of reimbursements grossed-up as revenues for GAAP reporting, but netted with expenses for distributable earnings.
(4) The interest expense adjustment removes interest expense of the consolidated funds and reclassifies interest income from other income of consolidated funds.
(5) The adjustment to other income (expense), net represents adjustments related to the reclassification of $185 in net losses related to foreign-currency hedging activities from general and administrative expense and the amortization of make-whole premium expenses.
(6) The adjustment to other income of consolidated funds removes interest, dividend and other investment income attributable to third-party investors in our consolidated funds, and reclassifies interest income to interest expense, net.