PHARMA-BIO SERV, INC. The following discussion of our results of operations and financial condition should be read in conjunction with Part I, including matters set forth in the "Risk Factors" section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and our Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Overview
We are a compliance and technology transfer services consulting firm with
headquarters in
We actively operate in
We market our services with an active presence in industry trade shows, professional conventions, industry publications and company provided seminars to the industry. Our senior management is also actively involved in the marketing process, especially in marketing to major accounts. Our senior management and staff also concentrate on developing new business opportunities and focus on the larger customer accounts (by number of consultants or dollar volume) and responding to prospective customers' requests for proposals.
We consider our core business to be
The Company holds a tax grant issued by the
The following table sets forth information as to our revenue for the years ended
Year ended October 31,
2020 2019
Revenues by Region
Puerto Rico $18,215 84.5% $16,798 86.1%
United States 2,283 10.6% 2,188 11.2%
Europe 829 3.8% 315 1.6%
Other 237 1.1% 206 1.1%
$21,564 100.0% $19,507 100.0%
For the year ended
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While we have not identified any material adverse effect on our reported results
for the year ended
The coronavirus pandemic, the
As of
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our statements of operations for the year endedOctober 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands, and as a percentage of revenues): Year ended October 31, 2020 2019 Revenues$21,564 100.0%$19,507 100.0% Cost of services 14,897 69.1% 13,330 68.3% Gross profit 6,667 30.9% 6,177 31.7% Selling, general and administrative expenses 4,441 20.6% 4,480 23.0% Other income, net 64 0.3% 526 2.7% Income before income taxes 2,290 10.6% 2,223 11.4% Income tax expense 239 1.1% 136 0.7% Net income 2,051 9.5% 2,087 10.7%
Revenues. Revenues for the year ended
Cost of Services; gross profit. Cost of services were
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and
administrative expenses for the year ended in
Other Income, net. For the year ended on
Net Income. Net income for the year ended
For the year ended
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet potential cash requirements,
including planned capital expenditures. As of
On
Our primary cash needs consist of the payment of compensation to our consulting team, overhead expenses, and statutory taxes. Additionally, we may use cash for the repurchase of our common stock under the Company Stock Repurchase Program, capital expenditures and business development expenses. Management believes that based on the current level of working capital, operations and cash flows from operations, and the collectability of high quality customer receivables are sufficient to fund anticipated expenses and satisfy other possible long-term contractual commitments.
To the extent that we pursue possible opportunities to expand our operations, either by acquisition or by the establishment of operations in a new market, we will incur additional overhead, and there may be a delay between the period we commence operations and our generation of net cash flow from operations.
While uncertainties relating to the current local and global economic condition, competition, the industries and geographical regions served by us and other regulatory matters exist within the consulting services industry, as described above, management is not aware of any other trends or events likely to have a material adverse effect on liquidity or its financial statements.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We were not involved in any significant off-balance sheet arrangements during
the fiscal year ended
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations
are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared
in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") in
Consolidation - The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all of our wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Segments - The Company operates in three reportable business segments: (i)
Use of Estimates -The preparation of consolidated financial statements in
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in
Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Accounting standards have established a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument's categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Accounting standards have established three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
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Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
Level 2: Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for
similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets with insufficient
volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets), or model-derived
valuations in which all significant inputs are observable or can be
derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data for
substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both
significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (supported by
little or no market activity).
The carrying value of the Company's financial instruments (excluding marketable securities and obligations under capital leases), cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, are considered reasonable estimates of fair value due to their liquidity or short-term nature. Management believes, based on current rates, that the fair value of its obligations under finance leases approximates the carrying amount.
Revenue Recognition - In
The Company records revenue under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We evaluate our revenue contracts with customers based on the five-step model under ASC 606: (i) Identify the contract with the customer; (ii) Identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) Determine the transaction price; (iv) Allocate the transaction price to separate performance obligations; and (v) Recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied.
Revenue is primarily derived from: (1) time and material contracts (representing approximately 99% of total revenues), which are typically based on the number of hours worked at contractually agreed upon rates. These service contracts relate to work which have no alternative use and for which the Company has an enforceable right to payment for the work completed to date. As a result, revenue is recognized over time when or as the Company transfers control of the promised products or services (known as performance obligations) to its customers. (2) short-term fixed-fee contracts or "not to exceed" contracts (representing approximately 1% of total revenues), which revenue is recognized similarly, except that certain milestones also have to be reached before revenue is recognized. If the Company determines that a contract will result in a loss, the Company recognizes the estimated loss in the period in which such determination is made.
Cash Equivalents - For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows,
cash equivalents include investments in a money market obligations trust that is
registered under the
Accounts Receivable - Accounts receivable are recorded at their estimated realizable value. Accounts are deemed past due when payment has not been received within the stated time period. Our policy is to review individual past due amounts periodically and write off amounts for which all collection efforts are deemed to have been exhausted. Due to the nature of our customers, bad debts are mainly accounted for using the direct write-off method whereby an expense is recognized only when a specific account is determined to be uncollectible. The effect of using this method approximates that of the allowance method.
Income Taxes - We follow an asset and liability approach method of accounting for income taxes. This method measures deferred income taxes by applying enacted statutory rates in effect at the balance sheet date to the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts on the financial statements. The resulting deferred tax assets or liabilities are adjusted to reflect changes in tax laws as they occur. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be realized.
The Company follows guidance from the
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Property and Equipment - Owned property and equipment are stated at cost. Vehicles under finance leases are stated at the lower of fair market value or net present value of the minimum lease payments at the inception of the leases.
Depreciation of owned assets are provided for, when placed in service, in amounts sufficient to relate the cost of depreciable assets to operations over their estimated service lives, using straight-line basis. Assets under finance leases are amortized over the lease term. While expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed when incurred.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets - The Company evaluates for impairment its
long-lived assets to be held and used, and long-lived assets to be disposed of,
whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of
an asset may not be recoverable. Based on management estimates, no impairment of
the long-lived assets was present as of
Stock-based Compensation - Stock-based compensation expense is recognized in the consolidated financial statements based on the fair value of the awards granted. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, which generally represents the vesting period, and includes an estimate of awards that will be forfeited. We calculate the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model at grant date, while for restricted stock units the fair market value of the units is determined by Company's share market value at grant date. Excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation are reflected as cash flows from financing activities rather than cash flows from operating activities. We have not recognized such cash flow from financing activities since there has been no tax benefit related to the stock-based compensation.
Earnings Per Share of Common Stock - Basic earnings per share of common stock is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings per share includes the dilution of common stock equivalents.
The diluted weighted average shares of common stock outstanding were calculated using the treasury stock method for the respective periods.
Foreign Operations -The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries are
their respective local currencies. The assets and liabilities of our foreign
subsidiary are translated into
Our intercompany accounts are typically denominated in the functional currency of the foreign subsidiary. Gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of intercompany receivables that we consider to be of a long-term investment nature are recorded as a cumulative translation adjustment in stockholders' equity and as a component of comprehensive income, while gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of intercompany receivables from those international subsidiaries for which we anticipate settlement in the foreseeable future are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In
Effective
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent accounting pronouncements pending adoption not discussed above, are either not applicable, or will not have or are not expected to have a material impact on us.
Forward-Looking Statements
Our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects, and the prevailing market price and performance of our common stock, may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including the matters discussed below. Certain statements and information set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as other written or oral statements made from time to time by us or by our authorized executive officers on our behalf, constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Federal Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements include all statements other than those made solely with respect to historical fact and identified by words such as "believes", "anticipates", "expects", "intends" and similar expressions, but such words are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. We intend for our forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and we set forth this statement and these risk factors in order to comply with such safe harbor provisions. You should note that our forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or when made and we undertake no duty or obligation to update or revise our forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. Although we believe that the expectations, plans, intentions and projections reflected in our forward-looking statements are reasonable, such statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. The risks, uncertainties and other factors that our stockholders and prospective investors should consider are discussed in Item 1A Risk Factors above.
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