longer included in sales volumes (see Note 2). Excluding this impact, 
Oil Products sales volumes decreased due to the impact of COVID-19 with 
lower Refining & Trading and Marketing sales volumes, compared with the 
fourth quarter 2019. 
 
 
 
   --Refining & Trading Adjusted Earnings reflected lower realised refining 
margins, and lower contributions from trading and optimisation. This was 
partly offset by favourable deferred tax movements and lower operating 
expenses, compared with the fourth quarter 2019. 
 
   --Marketing Adjusted Earnings reflected lower marketing sales volumes 
and unfavourable deferred tax movements, partly offset by strong retail 
and global commercial margins, and lower operating expenses, compared 
with the fourth quarter 2019. 
 
   With effect from January 1, 2020, Shell discloses utilisation instead of 
availability to improve transparency on refinery production volumes. 
Utilisation is defined as the actual usage of the plants as a percentage 
of the rated capacity. Refinery utilisation was 72% compared with 78% in 
the fourth quarter 2019, mainly due to lower demand and economic 
optimisation of the plants, as well as the shutdown of the Convent 
Refinery. 
 
 
 
   Full year segment earnings were a loss of $494 million. This included a 
post-tax impairment charge of $5,530 million, as a result of revised 
medium- and long-term price outlook assumptions in response to changes 
to the energy market demand and supply fundamentals as well as the 
macroeconomic conditions and the COVID-19 pandemic, and the shutdown of 
the Convent Refinery in the USA. This shutdown also led to further 
post-tax charges of $661 million, related to provisions for onerous 
contracts, and redundancy and restructuring. Segment earnings also 
included further redundancy and 
 
   Page 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ROYAL DUTCH SHELL PLC 4TH QUARTER 2020 AND FULL YEAR 
UNAUDITED RESULTS 
----------------------------------------------------- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   restructuring costs of $223 million and a net charge of $101 million due 
to the fair value accounting of commodity derivatives. These net charges 
are part of identified items (see Reference A). 
 
   Compared with the full year 2019, Oil Products Adjusted Earnings of 
$5,995 million reflected lower realised refining margins and lower 
marketing sales volumes due to the weak macroeconomic environment and 
the COVID-19 pandemic. These were partly offset by lower operating 
expenses, contributions from crude and oil products trading and 
optimisation, and favourable deferred tax movements. 
 
 
 
   Cash flow from operating activities for the full year 2020 was $10,845 
million, primarily driven by Adjusted Earnings before depreciation and 
positive working capital movements. This was partly offset by 
cost-of-sales adjustments for the full year 2020. 
 
 
 
   With effect from January 1, 2020, certain Oil Products contracts are no 
longer included in sales volumes (see Note 2). Excluding this impact, 
Oil Products sales volumes decreased due to lower refining & trading and 
marketing sales volumes, compared with the full year 2019. 
 
 
 
   --Refining & Trading Adjusted Earnings reflected lower realised refining 
margins, partly offset by lower operating expenses, contributions from 
crude and oil products trading and optimisation as well as favourable 
deferred tax movements, compared with the full year 2019. 
 
 
 
   --Marketing Adjusted Earnings reflected lower marketing sales volumes 
due to the COVID-19 pandemic, partly offset by strong retail and global 
commercial margins, and lower operating expenses, compared with the full 
year 2019. 
 
 
 
 
 
   With effect from January 1, 2020, Shell discloses utilisation instead of 
availability to improve transparency on refinery production volumes. 
Utilisation is defined as the actual usage of the plants as a percentage 
of the rated capacity. Refinery utilisation was 72% compared with 78% in 
the full year 2019, mainly due to lower demand and economic optimisation 
of the plants. 
 
   Page 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ROYAL DUTCH SHELL PLC 4TH QUARTER 2020 AND FULL YEAR 
UNAUDITED RESULTS 
----------------------------------------------------- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHEMICALS 
                 Quarters                                           $ million                                     Full year 
  Q4 2020    Q3 2020    Q4 2019    %(1)                                                                      2020        2019     % 
    367        131       (78)      +570     Segment earnings(2)                                             808         479      +69 
   (14)       (96)       (13)                 Of which: Identified items (Reference A)                    (154)       (263) 
    381        227       (65)      +685     Adjusted Earnings(2)                                            962         741      +30 
    774        335       (44)      +1854    Cash flow from operating activities                           1,664       1,394      +19 
                                            Cash flow from operating activities excluding working 
    775        488        338      +129     capital movements (Reference H)                               1,756       1,721      +2 
    830        595      1,023               Cash capital expenditure (Reference C)                        2,640       4,090 
  3,718      3,823      3,454       +8      Chemicals sales volumes (thousand tonnes)                    15,036      15,223      -1 
-------    -------    -------    ---------  ---------------------------------------------------------  --------    --------    ------- 
 
 
   1.    Q4 on Q4 change. 
 
   2.    Earnings are presented on a CCS basis (see Note 2). 
 
 
 
   Fourth quarter segment earnings were $367 million, which reflected 
higher realised margins in base chemicals and intermediates from a 
stronger price environment, compared with the fourth quarter 2019. There 
were no significant identified items during the quarter. 
 
   Cash flow from operating activities for the quarter was $774 million, 
primarily driven by Adjusted Earnings before depreciation and dividends 
received from joint ventures. 
 
 
 
   With effect from January 1, 2020, Shell discloses utilisation instead of 
availability to improve transparency on chemicals production volumes. 
Utilisation is defined as the actual usage of the plants as a percentage 
of the rated capacity. Chemicals manufacturing plant utilisation in the 
fourth quarter 2020 was 79% compared with 71% in the fourth quarter 
2019, mainly due to improved site availability, with a higher level of 
maintenance activities in 2019. 
 
 
 
   Full year segment earnings were $808 million, which reflected higher 
realised margins from a stronger price environment in the fourth quarter, 
partly offset by lower volumes due to the COVID-19 pandemic compared 
with the full year 2019. Segment earnings included a charge of $104 
million due to a legal provision and redundancy and restructuring costs 
of $38 million. These net charges are part of identified items (see 
Reference A). 
 
 
 
   Compared with the full year 2019, Chemicals Adjusted Earnings of $962 
million reflected higher realised margins from a stronger price 
environment in the fourth quarter, partly offset by lower volumes due to 
the COVID-19 pandemic. 
 
 
 
   Cash flow from operating activities for the full year 2020 was an inflow 
of $1,664 million, primarily driven by Adjusted Earnings before 
depreciation. This was partly offset by cost-of-sales adjustments for 
the full year 2020. 
 
 
 
   With effect from January 1, 2020, Shell discloses utilisation instead of 
availability to improve transparency on chemicals production volumes. 
Utilisation is defined as the actual usage of the plants as a percentage 
of the rated capacity. Chemicals manufacturing plant utilisation was 80% 
compared with 76% in the full year 2019, mainly due to higher 
maintenance activities in Asia and Europe in 2019, and the impact of 
strike actions in the Netherlands in 2019. 
 
 
 
 
 
   Page 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ROYAL DUTCH SHELL PLC 4TH QUARTER 2020 AND FULL YEAR 
UNAUDITED RESULTS 
----------------------------------------------------- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE 
            Quarters                                        $ million                                  Full year 
  Q4 2020    Q3 2020      Q4 2019                                                                      2020         2019 
  (954)      (739)      (1,151)      Segment earnings                                             (2,952)      (3,273) 
  (118)         52         (76)       Of which: Identified items (Reference A)                        460          109 
  (836)      (792)      (1,075)      Adjusted Earnings                                            (3,412)      (3,383) 
    102        514          321      Cash flow from operating activities                              384           44 
   (17)       (33)          (9)      Cash flow from operating activities excluding working            101        (274) 
                                     capital movements (Reference H) 
-------    -------    ---------    -----------------------------------------------------------  ---------    --------- 
 
 
   Fourth quarter segment earnings were an expense of $954 million. This 
included a loss of $124 million from the deferred tax impact of the 
strengthening Brazilian real on financing positions, which is part of 
identified items (see Reference A). 
 
   Adjusted Earnings were an expense of $836 million, reflecting favourable 
currency exchange rate effects and lower net interest expense, compared 
with the fourth quarter 2019. 
 
 
 
   Full year segment earnings were an expense of $2,952 million. This 
included gains of $454 million from the deferred tax impact of the 
weakening Brazilian real on financing positions, which is part of 
identified items (see Reference A). 
 
   Adjusted Earnings were an expense of $3,412 million, reflecting adverse 
currency exchange rate effects and lower interest expense, compared with 

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