The following discussion and analysis summarizes the significant factors affecting the consolidated operating results, financial condition, liquidity, and cash flows of the Company as of and for the periods presented below. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 which was filed with theSEC onMarch 16, 2022 . The discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on the beliefs of management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in or implied by forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, particularly in the sections entitled "Risk Factors" and "Information Concerning Forward-Looking Statements." The following discussion provides commentary on the financial results derived from our unaudited financial statements for the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021 prepared in accordance withU.S. GAAP. In addition, we regularly review the following Non-GAAP measures when assessing performance: Organic revenue growth rate, Adjusted compensation and benefits expense, Adjusted compensation and benefits expense ratio, Adjusted general and administrative expense, Adjusted general and administrative expense ratio, Adjusted EBITDAC, Adjusted EBITDAC margin, Adjusted net income, Adjusted net income margin and Adjusted diluted earnings per share. See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Indicators" for further information. Overview Founded byPatrick G. Ryan in 2010, we are a service provider of specialty products and solutions for insurance brokers, agents, and carriers. We provide distribution, underwriting, product development, administration, and risk management services by acting as a wholesale broker and a managing underwriter or a program administrator with delegated authority from insurance carriers. Our mission is to provide industry-leading innovative specialty insurance solutions for insurance brokers, agents, and carriers. For retail insurance agents and brokers, we assist in the placement of complex or otherwise hard-to-place risks. For insurance carriers, we work with retail and wholesale insurance brokers to source, onboard, underwrite, and service these same types of risks. A significant majority of the premiums we place are bound in the E&S market, which includesLloyd's of London . There is often significantly more flexibility in terms, conditions, and rates in the E&S market relative to the Admitted or "standard" insurance market. We believe that the additional freedom to craft bespoke terms and conditions in the E&S market allows us to best meet the needs of our trading partners, provide unique solutions, and drive innovation. We believe our success has been achieved by providing best-in-class intellectual capital, leveraging our trusted and long-standing relationships, and developing differentiated solutions at a scale unmatched by many of our competitors. Significant Events and Transactions
Corporate Structure
We are a holding company and our sole material asset is a controlling equity interest inNew LLC , which is also a holding company and its sole material asset is a controlling equity interest in the LLC. The Company operates and controls the business and affairs of, and consolidates the financial results of, the LLC throughNew LLC . We conduct our business through the LLC. As the LLC is substantively the same asNew LLC , for the purpose of this discussion, we will refer to bothNew LLC and the LLC as the "LLC." The LLC is a limited liability company taxed as a partnership for income tax purposes, and its taxable income or loss is passed through to its members, including the Company. The LLC is subject to income taxes on its taxable income in certain foreign countries, in certain state and local jurisdictions that impose income taxes on partnerships, and on the taxable income of itsU.S. corporate subsidiaries. As a result of our ownership of LLC Common Units, we are subject toU.S. federal, state, and local income taxes with respect to our allocable share of any taxable income of the LLC and are taxed at the prevailing corporate tax rates. We intend to cause the LLC to make distributions in an amount sufficient to allow us to pay our tax obligations and operating expenses, including distributions to fund any ordinary course payments due under the Tax Receivable Agreement. See "Liquidity and Capital Resources - Tax Receivable Agreement" for additional information about the TRA.
COVID-19
While the COVID-19 pandemic, which was first recognized as a pandemic by theWorld Health Organization onMarch 11, 2020 , has had a significant detrimental effect on numerous segments of the global economy, and we were forced to transition to a largely remote work environment during its peak, it provided opportunities for many aspects of our Wholesale Brokerage, Binding Authority, and Underwriting Management Specialties. We believe the pandemic resulted in an increased flow of submissions into the E&S market and a further hardening of E&S insurance rates (which had already been happening since 2019), thereby yielding higher premiums. 35 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- While we believe our business and operations have thus far performed at a high level of efficiency throughout the pandemic, the final impact of the pandemic remains uncertain, particularly if the pandemic persists beyond current expectations, new variants of the virus continue to develop, vaccines and boosters are either not widely embraced or prove to be less effective than anticipated and/or the global economy does not recover as expected, especially in light of current inflationary trends and other challenging macroeconomic conditions. The effects could yet have a material impact on our results of operations. See "Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our Business and Industry" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of the risks related to the COVID-19 pandemic or other similar health epidemics. Key Factors Affecting Our Performance
Our historical financial performance has been, and we expect our financial performance in the future to be, driven by our ability to:
Pursue Strategic Acquisitions
We have successfully integrated businesses complementary to our own to increase both our distribution reach and our product and service capabilities. We continuously evaluate acquisitions and intend to further pursue targeted acquisitions that complement our product and service capabilities or provide us access to new markets. We have previously made, and intend to continue to make, acquisitions with the objective of enhancing our human capital and product and service capabilities, entering natural adjacencies, and expanding our geographic footprint. Our ability to successfully pursue strategic acquisitions is dependent upon a number of factors, including sustained execution of a disciplined and selective acquisition strategy which requires acquisition targets to have a cultural and strategic fit, competition for these assets, purchase price multiples that we deem appropriate and our ability to effectively integrate targeted companies or assets and grow our business. We do not have agreements or commitments for any material acquisitions at this time.
Deepen and Broaden our Relationships with
We have deep engagement with our retail broker trading partners and we believe we have the ability to transact in even greater volume with nearly all of them. For example, in 2021, our revenue derived from the Top 100 firms (as ranked byBusiness Insurance ) expanded faster than our Organic revenue growth rate of 22.4%. Our ability to deepen and broaden relationships with our retail broker trading partners and increase sales is dependent upon a number of factors, including client satisfaction with our distribution reach and our product capabilities, retail brokers continuing to require or desire our services, competition, pricing, economic conditions, and spending on our product offerings.
Build our National Binding Authority Business
We believe there is substantial opportunity to continue to grow our Binding Authority Specialty, as we believe that both M&A consolidation and panel consolidation are in nascent stages in the binding authority market. Our ability to grow our Binding Authority Specialty is dependent upon a number of factors, including the quality of our services and product offerings, marketing and sales efforts to drive new business prospects and execution, new product offerings, the pricing and quality of our competitors' offerings, and the growth in demand of the insurance products.
Invest in Operation and Growth
We have invested heavily in building a durable business that is able to adapt to the continuously evolving E&S market and intend to continue to do so. We are focused on enhancing the breadth of our product and service offerings as well as developing and launching new solutions to address the evolving needs of the specialty insurance industry and markets. Our future success is dependent on our ability to successfully develop, market, and sell existing and new products and services to both new and existing trading partners.
Generate Commission Regardless of the State of the Specialty Insurance Market
We earn commissions, which are calculated as a percentage of the total insurance policy premium, and fees. Changes in the insurance market or specialty lines that are our focus, characterized by a period of increasing (or declining) premium rates, could positively (or negatively) impact our profitability.
Managing Changing Macroeconomic Conditions
Growth in certain lines of business, such as project-based construction and M&A transactional liability insurance, is partially dependent on a variety of macroeconomic factors inasmuch as binding the underlying insurance coverage is subject to the underlying activity occurring. In periods of economic growth and liquid credit markets, this underlying activity can accelerate and provide tailwinds to our growth. In periods of economic decline and tight credit markets, this underlying activity can slow or be delayed and provide headwinds to our growth. As interest rates have rapidly risen, leading to friction in debt markets, we have started to observe 36 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- some delays to both construction projects and M&A activity which, in turn, pauses the binding of construction and M&A transactional liability insurance policies. We believe over time these lines of business will continue to grow as the economy steadies and again grows.
Leverage the Growth of the E&S Market
The growing relevance of the E&S market has been driven by the rapid emergence of large, complex, high-hazard, and otherwise hard-to-place risks across many lines of insurance. This trend continued with 21 named storms during the 2021Atlantic hurricane season producing estimated damages of more than$70 billion , hurricane Ian in 2022, expected to be one ofFlorida's costliest storms, over 7.8 million acres burned in 2021 through wildfires inthe United States , escalating jury verdicts and social inflation, a proliferation of cyber threats, novel health risks, and the transformation of the economy to a "digital first" mode of doing business. We believe that as the complexity of the E&S market continues to escalate, wholesale brokers and managing underwriters that do not have sufficient scale, or the financial and intellectual capital to invest in the required specialty capabilities, will struggle to compete effectively. This will further the trend of market share consolidation among the wholesale firms with these capabilities. We will continue to invest in our intellectual capital to innovate and offer custom solutions and products to better address these evolving market fundamentals. Although we believe this growth will continue, we recognize that the growth of the E&S market might not be linear as risks can and do shift between the E&S and non-E&S markets as market factors change and evolve. For example, we benefited from a rapid increase in both the rate and flow of public company D&O policies into the wholesale channel in 2020 and 2021. Throughout 2022 as the public company D&O insurance markets stabilized, IPO markets have slowed, and new insurance capital that previously entered the market has impacted the public company D&O space, public company D&O rate decreases have accelerated. We believe these factors have also created opportunities for retailers to place some of that coverage directly.
Address Costs of Being a
As we are in the early stages of our operation as a public company, we will continue to implement changes in certain aspects of our business and develop, manage and train management level and other employees to comply with ongoing best practices or requirements for public companies. We have incurred new expenses as a public company, including public reporting obligations, expenses for complying with securities laws and regulations, SOX compliance expenses, additional headcount, increased professional fees for accounting, proxy statements, stockholder meetings, stock exchange fees, transfer agent fees,SEC andFINRA filing fees, legal fees, franchise taxes and insurance expenses. 37 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary of Financial Performance Highlights Three Months Ended September 30, Change Nine Months Ended September 30, Change
(in thousands, except percentages and per share data) 2022 2021 $ % 2022 2021 $ % GAAP financial measures Total revenue$ 411,996 $ 352,766 $ 59,230 16.8 %$ 1,290,178 $ 1,054,236 $ 235,942 22.4 % Compensation and benefits 274,108 286,538 (12,430 ) (4.3 ) 858,439 737,825 120,614 16.3 General and administrative 48,991 38,754 10,237 26.4 139,851 96,984 42,867 44.2 Total operating expenses 350,652 353,496 (2,844 ) (0.8 ) 1,079,919 922,861 157,058 17.0 Operating income (loss) 61,344 (730 ) 62,074 n/m 210,259 131,375 78,884 60.0 Net income (loss) 29,279 (32,590 ) 61,869 n/m 117,475 27,016 90,459 n/m Net income (loss) attributable to Ryan Specialty Holdings, Inc. 11,745 (1,334 ) 13,079 n/m 43,157 55,822 (12,665 ) (22.7 ) Compensation and benefits expense ratio (1) 66.5 % 81.2 % 66.5 % 70.0 % General and administrative expense ratio (2) 11.9 % 11.0 % 10.8 % 9.2 % Net income (loss) margin 7.1 % (9.2 )% 9.1 % 2.6 % Earnings (loss) per share (3)$ 0.11 $ (0.16 ) $ 0.40 $ (0.16 ) Diluted earnings (loss) per share (3)$ 0.09 $ (0.16 ) $ 0.37 $ (0.16 ) Non-GAAP financial measures* Organic revenue growth rate 13.7 % 28.9 % 18.7 % 25.6 % Adjusted compensation and benefits expense$ 247,095 $ 212,590 $ 34,505 16.2 %$ 769,253 $ 625,452 $ 143,801 23.0 % Adjusted compensation and benefits expense ratio 60.0 % 60.3 % 59.6 % 59.3 % Adjusted general and administrative expense$ 48,084 $ 35,153 $ 12,931 36.8 %$ 130,774 $ 88,870$ 41,904 47.2 % Adjusted general and administrative expense ratio 11.7 % 10.0 % 10.1 % 8.4 % Adjusted EBITDAC$ 116,817 $ 105,023 $ 11,794 11.2 %$ 390,151 $ 339,914 $ 50,237 14.8 % Adjusted EBITDAC margin 28.4 % 29.8 % 30.2 % 32.2 % Adjusted net income$ 66,560 $ 62,949 $ 3,611 5.7
%
16.2 % 17.8 % 18.4 % 19.9 % Adjusted diluted earnings per share$ 0.25 $ 0.24 $ 0.88 $ 0.78 * For a definition and a reconciliation of Organic revenue growth rate, Adjusted compensation and benefits, Adjusted compensation and benefits expense ratio, Adjusted general and administrative expense, Adjusted general and administrative expense ratio, Adjusted EBITDAC, Adjusted EBITDAC margin, Adjusted net income, Adjusted net income margin, and Adjusted diluted earnings per share to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Indicators."
(1)
Compensation and benefits ratio is defined as Compensation and benefits expense divided by Total revenue.
38 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2)
General and administrative expense ratio is defined as General and administrative expense divided by Total revenue.
(3)
See "Note 12, Earnings (Loss) Per Share" of the unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements for further discussion of how these metrics are calculated.
Comparison of the Three Months Ended
•
Revenue increased
•
Compensation and benefits expense decreased
•
General and administrative expense increased
•
Total operating expenses decreased
•
Operating income (loss) increased
•
Net income (loss) increased by
•
Net income (loss) margin was 7.1% for the quarter, compared to (9.2)% in the same quarter last year.
•
Earnings (loss) per share and Diluted earnings (loss) per share were$0.11 and$0.09 , respectively, for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , compared to$(0.16) and$(0.16) , respectively, in the same quarter last year.
•
Organic revenue growth rate for the quarter was 13.7%, compared to 28.9% in the same quarter last year-see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Indicators" for further information.
•
Adjusted compensation and benefits expense increased$34.5 million , or 16.2% period-over-period, and the Adjusted compensation and benefits expense ratio decreased 0.3% from 60.3% to 60.0% - see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Indicators" for further information.
•
Adjusted general and administrative expense increased$12.9 million , or 36.8% period-over-period, and the Adjusted general and administrative expense ratio increased 1.7% from 10.0% to 11.7% - see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Indicators" for further information.
•
Adjusted EBITDAC increased 11.2% period-over-period to
•
Adjusted EBITDAC margin decreased 1.4% period-over-period from 29.8% to 28.4% - see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Indicators" for further information.
•
Adjusted net income increased 5.7% period-over-period to
•
Adjusted net income margin decreased 1.6% period-over-period from 17.8% to 16.2% - see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Indicators" for further information.
•
Adjusted diluted earnings per share was
Comparison of the Nine Months Ended
•
Revenue increased
•
Compensation and benefits expense increased
•
General and administrative expense increased
•
Total operating expenses increased
•
Operating income (loss) increased
•
Net income (loss) increased by
•
Net income (loss) margin was 9.1% for the period, compared to 2.6% in the same period last year.
39 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
•
Earnings (loss) per share and Diluted earnings (loss) per share were$0.40 and$0.37 , respectively, for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , compared to$(0.16) and$(0.16) , respectively, in the same quarter last year.
•
Organic revenue growth rate for the period was 18.7%, compared to 25.6% in the same period last year-see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Indicators" for further information.
•
Adjusted compensation and benefits expense increased$143.8 million , or 23.0% period-over-period, and the Adjusted compensation and benefits expense ratio increased 0.3% from 59.6% to 59.3% - see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Indicators" for further information.
•
Adjusted general and administrative expense increased$41.9 million , or 47.2% period-over-period, and the Adjusted general and administrative expense ratio increased 1.7% from 8.4% to 10.1% - see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Indicators" for further information.
•
Adjusted EBITDAC increased 14.8% period-over-period to
•
Adjusted EBITDAC margin decreased 2.0% period-over-period from 32.2% to 30.2% - see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Indicators" for further information.
•
Adjusted net income increased 13.4% period-over-period to
•
Adjusted net income margin decreased 1.5% period-over-period from 19.9% to 18.4% - see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Indicators" for further information.
•
Adjusted diluted earnings per share was
Components of Results of Operations Revenue
Net Commissions and Fees
Net commissions and fees are derived primarily by commissions from our three Specialties and are paid for our role as an intermediary in facilitating the placement of coverage in the insurance distribution chain. Net commissions and fees are generally calculated as a percentage of the total insurance policy premium placed, but we also receive supplemental commissions based on the volume placed or profitability of a book of business. We share a portion of these commissions with the retail insurance broker and recognize revenue on a net basis. Additionally, carriers may also pay us a contingent commission or volume-based commission, both of which represent forms of contingent or supplemental consideration associated with the placement of coverage and are based primarily on underwriting results, but may also contain considerations for only volume, growth and/or retention. Although we have compensation arrangements called contingent commissions in all three Specialties that are based in whole or in part on the underwriting performance, we do not take any direct insurance risk other than through our equity method investment in Geneva Re throughRyan Investment Holdings, LLC . We also receive loss mitigation and other fees, some of which are not dependent on the placement of a risk. In our Wholesale Brokerage and Binding Authority Specialties, we generally work with retail insurance brokers to secure insurance coverage for their clients,who are the ultimate insured party. Our Wholesale Brokerage and Binding Authority Specialties generate revenues through commissions and fees, as well as through supplemental commissions, which may be contingent commissions or volume-based commissions, from clients. Commission rates and fees vary depending upon several factors, which may include the amount of premium, the type of insurance coverage provided, the particular services provided to a client or carrier, and the capacity in which we act. Payment terms are consistent with current industry practice. In our Underwriting Management Specialty, we generally work with retail insurance brokers and often other wholesale brokers to secure insurance coverage for the ultimate insured party. Our Underwriting Management Specialty generates revenues through commissions and fees and through contingent commissions from clients. Commission rates and fees vary depending upon several factors including the premium, the type of coverage, and additional services provided to the client. Payment terms are consistent with current industry practice.
Fiduciary Investment Income
40 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fiduciary investment income consists of interest earned on insurance premiums and surplus lines taxes that are held in a fiduciary capacity, in Cash and cash equivalents, until disbursed. Expenses Compensation and Benefits Compensation and benefits is our largest expense. It consists of (i) salary, incentives and benefits paid and payable to employees, and commissions paid and payable to our producers; and (ii) equity-based compensation associated with the grants of awards to employees, executive officers and directors. We operate in competitive markets for human capital and we need to maintain competitive compensation levels in order to maintain and grow our talent base.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expense includes travel and entertainment expenses, office expenses, accounting, legal, insurance and other professional fees, and other costs associated with our operations. Our occupancy-related costs and professional services expenses, in particular, generally increase or decrease in relative proportion to the number of our employees and the overall size and scale of our business operations.
Amortization
Amortization expense consists primarily of amortization related to intangible assets we acquired in connection with our acquisitions. Intangible assets consist of customer relationships, trade names, and internally developed software.
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net consists of interest payable on indebtedness, amortization of the Company's interest rate cap, imputed interest on finance leases and contingent consideration, and amortization of deferred debt issuance costs, offset by interest income on the Company's Cash and cash equivalents balances.
Other Non-Operating Loss (Income)
In 2022, Other non-operating loss (income) includes a change related to the TRA liability caused by an update in our blended state tax rates. In 2021, Other non-operating loss includes the change in fair value of the embedded derivatives on the Redeemable Preferred Units. This change in fair value was due to the occurrence of a Realization Event in the third quarter of 2021, which was defined as a Qualified Public Offering or a Sale Transaction in the Onex Purchase Agreement. It also includes the expense associated with the extinguishment of a portion of our deferred debt issuance costs on the term debt in the first quarter of 2021.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Income tax expense (benefit) includes tax on the Company's allocable share of any net taxable income from the LLC, from certain state and local jurisdictions that impose taxes on partnerships, as well as earnings from our foreign subsidiaries and C-Corporations subject to entity level taxation.
Non-Controlling Interest
For the periods prior toMarch 31, 2021 , our financial statements included the non-controlling interest related to the net income attributable to Ryan Re. Post-IPO, we report a non-controlling interest based on the LLC Common Units not owned by the Company. Net income (loss) and Other comprehensive income (loss) is attributed to the non-controlling interests based on the weighted average LLC Common Units outstanding during the period and is presented on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Refer to "Note 10, Stockholders' and Members' Equity" of the unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements for more information. 41
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Results of Operations
Below is a summary table of the financial results and Non-GAAP measures that we find relevant to our business operations:
Three Months Ended September 30, Change Nine Months Ended September 30, Change (in thousands, except percentages and per share data) 2022 2021 $ % 2022 2021 $ % Revenue Net commissions and fees$ 407,551 $ 352,610 $ 54,941
15.6 %
21.9 % Fiduciary investment income 4,445 156 4,289 2,749.4 5,719 436 5,283 1,211.7 Total revenue$ 411,996 $ 352,766 $ 59,230 16.8 %$ 1,290,178 $ 1,054,236 $ 235,942 22.4 % Expenses Compensation and benefits 274,108 286,538 (12,430 ) (4.3 ) 858,439 737,825 120,614
16.3
General and administrative 48,991 38,754 10,237 26.4 139,851 96,984 42,867 44.2 Amortization 25,667 26,982 (1,315 ) (4.9 ) 78,563 82,095 (3,532 ) (4.3 ) Depreciation 1,463 1,179 284 24.1 3,903 3,601 302 8.4 Change in contingent consideration 423 43 380 883.7 (837 ) 2,356 (3,193 ) -135.5
Total operating expenses
(0.8 )%
17.0 % Operating income (loss)$ 61,344 $ (730 ) $ 62,074 (8503.3 )%$ 210,259 $ 131,375 $ 78,884 60.0 % Interest expense, net 28,864 21,193 7,671 36.2 75,462 60,224 15,238 25.3 Loss (income) from equity method investment in related party (144 ) (176 ) 32 (18.2 ) 414 (610 ) 1,024 (167.9 ) Other non-operating loss (income) (66 ) 16,211 (16,277 ) (100.4 ) 6,832 45,547 (38,715 ) (85.0 ) Income (loss) before income taxes$ 32,690 $ (37,958 ) $ 70,648 (186.1 )%$ 127,551 $ 26,214$ 101,337 386.6 % Income tax expense (benefit) 3,411 (5,368 ) 8,779 (163.5 ) 10,076 (802 ) 10,878 (1,356.4 ) Net income (loss)$ 29,279 $ (32,590 ) $ 61,869 (189.8 )%$ 117,475 $ 27,016$ 90,459 334.8 % GAAP financial measures Revenue$ 411,996 $ 352,766 $ 59,230
16.8 %$ 1,290,178 $ 1,054,236 $ 235,942 22.4 % Compensation and benefits 274,108 286,538 (12,430 ) (4.3 ) 858,439 737,825 120,614
16.3
General and administrative 48,991 38,754 10,237 26.4 139,851 96,984 42,867 44.2 Net income (loss)$ 29,279 $ (32,590 ) $ 61,869 (189.8 )%$ 117,475 $ 27,016$ 90,459 334.8 % Compensation and benefits expense ratio 66.5 % 81.2 % 66.5 % 70.0 % General and administrative expense ratio 11.9 % 11.0 % 10.8 % 9.2 % Net income (loss) margin 7.1 % (9.2 )% 9.1 % 2.6 % Earnings (loss) per share$ 0.11 $ (0.16 ) $ 0.40 $ (0.16 ) Diluted earnings (loss) per share$ 0.09 $ (0.16 ) $ 0.37 $ (0.16 ) Non-GAAP financial measures* Organic revenue growth rate 13.7 % 28.9 % 18.7 % 25.6 % Adjusted compensation and benefits expense$ 247,095 $ 212,590 $ 34,505 16.2 %$ 769,253 $ 625,452 $ 143,801 23.0 % Adjusted compensation and benefits expense ratio 60.0 % 60.3 % 59.6 % 59.3 % Adjusted general and administrative expense$ 48,084 $ 35,153 $ 12,931 36.8 %$ 130,774 $ 88,870$ 41,904 47.2 % Adjusted general and administrative expense ratio 11.7 % 10.0 % 10.1 % 8.4 % Adjusted EBITDAC$ 116,817 $ 105,023 $ 11,794 11.2 %$ 390,151 $ 339,914 $ 50,237 14.8 % Adjusted EBITDAC margin 28.4 % 29.8 % 30.2 % 32.2 % Adjusted net income$ 66,560 $ 62,949 $ 3,611 5.7 %$ 237,774 $ 209,739 $ 28,035 13.4 % Adjusted net income margin 16.2 % 17.8 % 18.4 % 19.9 % Adjusted diluted earnings per share$ 0.25 $ 0.24 $ 0.88 $ 0.78 * These measures are Non-GAAP. Please refer to the section entitled "Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Indicators" below for definitions and reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP measure. 42 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Comparison of the Three Months EndedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021
Revenue
Net Commissions and Fees
Net commissions and fees increased by$54.9 million or 15.6% from$352.6 million to$407.6 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 as compared to the same period in the prior year. The two main drivers of the revenue increase are 13.7% of organic revenue growth and 2.8% growth from the Keystone and Crouse acquisitions. Three Months Ended September 30, (in thousands, except % of % of percentages) 2022 total 2021 total Change Wholesale Brokerage$ 267,222 65.6 %$ 229,146 65.0 %$ 38,076 16.6 % Binding Authorities 55,607 13.6 52,795 15.0 2,812 5.3 Underwriting 84,722 20.8 70,669 20.0 14,053 19.9 Management Total net commissions$ 407,551 $ 352,610 $ 54,941 15.6 % and fees Wholesale Brokerage net commissions and fees increased by$38.1 million or 16.6% period-over-period, primarily due to organic growth within this Specialty for the quarter as well as contributions from the Crouse acquisition. Binding Authority net commissions and fees increased by$2.8 million or 5.3% period-over-period, primarily due to organic growth within the Specialty for the quarter as well as contributions from the Crouse acquisition. Underwriting Management net commissions and fees increased by$14.1 million or 19.9% period-over-period, primarily due to organic growth within the Specialty for the quarter as well as contributions from the Keystone acquisition.
The following table sets forth our revenue by type of commission and fees:
Three Months Ended September 30, (in thousands, except % of % of percentages) 2022 total 2021 total Change Net commissions and$ 394,934 96.9 %$ 338,335 96.0 %$ 56,599 16.7 % policy fees Supplemental and 5,289 1.3 8,313 2.4 (3,024 ) (36.4 ) contingent commissions Loss mitigation and other 7,328 1.8 5,962 1.7 1,366 22.9 fees Total net commissions and$ 407,551 $ 352,610 $ 54,941 15.6 % fees Net commissions and policy fees grew 16.7%, slightly higher than the overall net commissions and fee revenue growth of 15.6% for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 as compared to the same period in the prior year. The main drivers of this growth continue to be the acquisition of new business and expansion of ongoing client relationships in response to the increasing demand for new, complex E&S products as well as the inflow of risks from the admitted market into the E&S market. In aggregate, we experienced stable commission rates period-over-period.
Supplemental and contingent commissions decreased 36.4% period-over-period driven by the performance of risks placed on eligible business earning profit-based or volume-based commissions.
Loss mitigation and other fees grew 22.9% period-over-period primarily due to captive management and other risk management service fees from the placement of alternative risk insurance solutions in 2022.
Expenses
Compensation and Benefits
Compensation and benefits expense decreased by$12.4 million or 4.3% from$286.5 million to$274.1 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. The following were the principal drivers of this decrease:
•
A$45.1 million decrease from IPO related compensation expense, which reflects charges associated with both the revaluation of existing equity grants at the time of our IPO as well as expense related to the new awards issued in 43 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- connection with the IPO. The expense associated with both the revaluation of existing awards as well as the issuance of new equity awards both directly relate to the Organizational Transactions and IPO, however, amounts related to each will continue to be expensed over future periods as the underlying awards vest;
•
Commissions increased
•
The remaining increase of
The net impact of revenue growth and the factors above resulted in a Compensation and benefits expense ratio decrease of 14.7% from 81.2% to 66.5% period-over-period.
In general, we expect to continue to experience a rise in commissions, salaries, incentives and benefits expense commensurate with our expected growth in business volume, revenue, and headcount.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expense increased by$10.2 million or 26.4% from$38.8 million to$49.0 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 as compared to the same period in the prior year. A main driver of this increase was$7.0 million of increased travel and entertainment expense as travel restrictions associated with the pandemic began to lift compared to the same period in 2021. The remaining increase of$3.2 million was driven by growth in the business. Such expenses incurred to accommodate both organic and inorganic revenue growth include IT, occupancy, and professional services. The net impact of revenue growth and the factors listed above resulted in a General and administrative expense ratio increase of 0.9% from 11.0% to 11.9% period-over-period.
Amortization
Amortization expense decreased by$1.3 million or 4.9% from$27.0 million to$25.7 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year. The main driver for the decrease is certain previously acquired intangible assets became fully amortized. Our intangible assets decreased by$26.6 million when comparing the balance as ofSeptember 30, 2022 to the balance as ofSeptember 30, 2021 .
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net increased$7.7 million or 36.2% from$21.2 million to$28.9 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year. The main drivers of the change in Interest expense, net for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 is the issuance of$400.0 million of senior secured notes onFebruary 3, 2022 and an increase in the floating rate applied to our Term Loan. OnApril 7, 2022 the Company entered into an interest rate cap agreement to manage its exposure to interest rate fluctuations related to the Company's Term Loan for an upfront cost of$25.5 million . The interest rate cap has a$1,000.0 million notional amount, 2.75% strike, and terminates onDecember 31, 2025 . For the twelve months endedDecember 31, 2022 we expect to incur approximately$4.5 million of interest expense associated with the upfront cost amortization of the cap. For the twelve months endedDecember 31, 2023 , 2024, and 2025 we expect to incur approximately$7.0 million of interest expense related to the cap.
Other Non-Operating Loss (Income)
Other non-operating loss (income) decreased by$16.3 million to income of$0.1 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 as compared to a loss of$16.2 million in the same period in the prior year. For the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 Other non-operating loss includes a$16.3 million change in the fair value of the embedded derivatives of our Redeemable Preferred Units.
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes
Due to the factors above, Income (loss) before income taxes increased
44 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Income tax expense (benefit) increased$8.8 million from a benefit of$5.4 million to an expense of$3.4 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 as compared to the same period in the prior year due to the Company being allocated pre-tax book loss for the post-IPO period endedSeptember 30, 2021 and pre-tax book income for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . The income tax expense in the current period is offset by a tax benefit recognized as a result of Staking RSU vesting and the resulting increase in the Company's tax basis in excess of GAAP basis.
Net Income (loss)
Net income (loss) increased$61.9 million from a loss of$32.6 million to income of$29.3 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year as a result of the factors described above. Comparison of the Nine Months EndedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021
Revenue
Net Commissions and Fees
Net commissions and fees increased by
Nine Months Ended September 30, (in thousands, % of % of except percentages) 2022 total 2021 total Change
Wholesale Brokerage$ 841,273 65.5 %$ 676,229 64.2 %$ 165,044 24.4 % Binding Authorities 178,351 13.9 161,436 15.3 16,915 10.5 Underwriting 264,835 20.6 216,135 20.5 48,700 22.5 Management Total Net commissions and$ 1,284,459 $ 1,053,800 $ 230,659 21.9 % fees
Wholesale Brokerage net commissions and fees increased by
Binding Authority net commissions and fees increased by$16.9 million or 10.5% period-over-period, primarily due to organic growth within the Specialty for the quarter as well as contributions from the Crouse acquisition. Underwriting Management net commissions and fees increased by$48.7 million or 22.5% period-over-period, primarily due to organic growth within the Specialty for the quarter as well as contributions from the Keystone acquisition.
The following table sets forth our revenue by type of commission and fees:
Nine Months Ended September 30, (in thousands, % of % of except percentages) 2022 total 2021 total Change Net commissions and$ 1,226,396 95.5 %$ 1,007,192 95.6 %$ 219,204 21.8 % policy fees Supplemental and contingent 39,339 3.1 29,849 2.8 9,490 31.8 commissions Loss mitigation and 18,723 1.5 16,759 1.6 1,964 11.7 other fees Total net$ 1,284,459 $ 1,053,800 $ 230,659 21.9 % commissions and fees Net commissions and policy fees grew 21.8%, slightly lower than the overall net commissions and fee revenue growth of 21.9% for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 as compared to the same period in the prior year. The main drivers of this growth continue to be the acquisition of new business and expansion of ongoing client relationships in response to the increasing demand for new, complex E&S products as well as the inflow of risks from the admitted market into the E&S market. In aggregate, we experienced stable commission rates period over period.
Supplemental and contingent commissions increased 31.8% period-over-period driven by the performance of risks placed on eligible business earning profit-based or volume-based commissions.
45 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Loss mitigation and other fees grew 11.7% period-over-period primarily due to captive management and other risk management service fees from the placement of alternative risk insurance solutions in 2022.
Expenses
Compensation and Benefits
Compensation and benefits expense increased by$120.6 million or 16.3% from$737.8 million to$858.4 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. The following were the principal drivers of this increase:
•
Commissions increased
•
The remaining increase of$43.0 million was driven by a$72.7 million increase generated from (i) the addition of 371 employees compared to the same period prior year, and (ii) growth in the business. This growth was offset by a$14.5 million decrease to Initial public offering related expense, a$8.5 million decrease to Restructuring and related expense, and a$6.7 million decrease to Acquisition related long-term incentive compensation. Overall headcount increased to 3,798 full-time employees as ofSeptember 30, 2022 from 3,427 as ofSeptember 30, 2021 .
The net impact of revenue growth and the factors above resulted in a Compensation and benefits expense ratio decrease of 3.5% from 70.0% to 66.5% period-over-period.
In general, we expect to continue to experience a rise in commissions, salaries, incentives and benefits expense commensurate with our expected growth in business volume, revenue, and headcount.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expense increased by$42.9 million or 44.2% from$97.0 million to$139.9 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 as compared to the same period in the prior year. A main driver of this increase was$20.4 million of increased travel and entertainment expense as travel restrictions associated with the pandemic began to lift compared to the same period in 2021. Insurance expense contributed$4.9 million to the period-over-period increase due to increased costs associated with being a public company. The remaining increase of$17.6 million was driven by growth in the business. Such expenses incurred to accommodate both organic and inorganic revenue growth include IT, occupancy, and professional services. The net impact of revenue growth and the factors listed above resulted in General and administrative expense ratio increase of 1.6% from 9.2% to 10.8% period-over-period.
Amortization
Amortization expense decreased by$3.5 million or 4.3% from$82.1 million to$78.6 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year. The main driver for the decrease is certain previously acquired intangible assets became fully amortized. Our intangible assets decreased by$26.6 million when comparing the balance as ofSeptember 30, 2022 to the balance as ofSeptember 30, 2021 .
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net increased$15.2 million or 25.3% from$60.2 million to$75.5 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year. The main drivers of the change in Interest expense, net for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 was the issuance of$400.0 million of senior secured notes onFebruary 3, 2022 and an increase in the floating rate applied to our Term Loan. OnApril 7, 2022 the Company entered into an interest rate cap agreement to manage its exposure to interest rate fluctuations related to the Company's Term Loan for an upfront cost of$25.5 million . The interest rate cap has a$1,000.0 million notional amount, 2.75% strike, and terminates onDecember 31, 2025 . For the twelve months endedDecember 31, 2022 we expect to incur approximately$4.5 million of interest expense associated with the upfront cost amortization of the cap. For the twelve months endedDecember 31, 2023 , 2024, and 2025 we expect to incur approximately$7.0 million of interest expense related to the cap.
Other Non-Operating Loss (Income)
Other non-operating loss (income) decreased by$38.7 million to$6.8 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 as compared to a loss of$45.5 million in the same period in the prior year. For the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 Other non-operating loss includes a$7.2 million charge related to the change in the TRA liability caused by a change in our blended state tax rates. For the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 Other non-operating loss includes a$36.9 million change in the fair value of the 46 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- embedded derivatives of our Redeemable Preferred Units as well as$8.6 million of debt issuance costs written off due to the extinguishment of a portion of the term debt in connection with a repricing.
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes
Due to the factors above, Income (loss) before income taxes increased$101.3 million from$26.2 million to$127.6 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Income tax expense (benefit) increased$10.9 million from a benefit of$0.8 million to an expense of$10.1 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 as compared to the same period in the prior year due to the Company being allocated pre-tax book loss for the post-IPO period endedSeptember 30, 2021 and pre-tax book income for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , offset by an increase in the Company's state tax rate resulting in a tax benefit recognized related to the increase in our Deferred tax assets in the first quarter of 2022.
Net Income (Loss)
Net income (loss) increased$90.5 million from$27.0 million to$117.5 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year as a result of the factors described above. Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Indicators In assessing the performance of our business, we use non-GAAP financial measures that are derived from our consolidated financial information, but which are not presented in our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. We consider these non-GAAP financial measures to be useful metrics for management and investors to facilitate operating performance comparisons from period to period by excluding potential differences caused by variations in capital structures, tax positions, depreciation, amortization and certain other items that we believe are not representative of our core business. We use the following non-GAAP measures for business planning purposes, in measuring our performance relative to that of our competitors, to help investors to understand the nature of our growth, and to enable investors to evaluate the run-rate performance of the Company. Non-GAAP financial measures should be viewed as supplementing, and not as an alternative or substitute for, the consolidated financial statements prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP. The footnotes to the reconciliation tables below should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated quarterly financial statements. Industry peers may provide similar supplemental information but may not define similarly-named metrics in the same way we do and may not make identical adjustments.
Organic Revenue Growth Rate
Organic revenue growth rate represents the percentage change in revenue, as
compared to the same period for the year prior, adjusted for revenue
attributable to recent acquisitions during the first 12 months of
A reconciliation of Organic revenue growth rate to Total revenue growth rate, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for each of the periods indicated is as follows (in percentages): Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 2021 Total revenue growth rate (GAAP) (1) 16.8 % 49.0 % Less: Mergers and acquisitions (2) (2.8 ) (18.8 ) Change in other (3) (0.3 ) (1.3 ) Organic revenue growth rate (Non-GAAP) 13.7 %
28.9 %
(1)
September 30, 2022 revenue of$412.0 million lessSeptember 30, 2021 revenue of$352.8 million is a$59.2 million period-over-period change. The change,$59.2 million , divided by theSeptember 30, 2021 revenue of$352.8 million is a total revenue change of 16.8%.September 30, 2021 revenue of$352.8 million lessSeptember 30, 2020 revenue of$236.8 million is a$116.0 million period-over-period change. The change,$116.0 million , divided by theSeptember 30, 2020 revenue of$236.8 million is a total revenue change of 49.0%. See "Comparison of the Three Months EndedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021" for further details. 47 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2)
The acquisitions adjustment excludes net commission and fees revenue generated during the first 12 months following an acquisition. The total adjustment for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 was$9.9 million and$44.4 million , respectively.
(3)
The other adjustments exclude the period-over-period change in contingent commissions, fiduciary investment income, and foreign exchange rates. The total adjustment for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 was$0.9 million and$2.9 million , respectively. Nine Months Ended September
30,
2022 2021 Total revenue growth rate (GAAP) (1) 22.4 % 52.5 % Less: Mergers and acquisitions (2) (3.0 ) (26.7 ) Change in other (3) (0.7 ) (0.2 ) Organic revenue growth rate (Non-GAAP) 18.7 %
25.6 %
(1)
September 30, 2022 revenue of$1,290.2 million lessSeptember 30, 2021 revenue of$1,054.2 million is a$235.9 million period-over-period change. The change,$235.9 million , divided by theSeptember 30, 2021 revenue of$1,054.2 million is a total revenue change of 22.4%.September 30, 2021 revenue of$1,054.2 million lessSeptember 30, 2020 revenue of$691.3 million is a$362.9 million period-over-period change. The change,$362.9 million , divided by theSeptember 30, 2020 revenue of$691.3 million is a total revenue change of 52.5%. See "Comparison of the Nine Months EndedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021" for further details.
(2)
The acquisitions adjustment excludes net commission and fees revenue generated during the first 12 months following an acquisition. The total adjustment for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 was$31.5 million and$184.4 million , respectively.
(3)
The other adjustments exclude the period-over-period change in contingent commissions, fiduciary investment income, and foreign exchange rates. The total adjustment for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 was$7.0 million and$1.2 million , respectively.
Adjusted Compensation and Benefits Expense and Adjusted Compensation and Benefits Expense Ratio
We define Adjusted compensation and benefits expense as Compensation and benefits expense adjusted to reflect items such as (i) equity-based compensation, (ii) acquisition and restructuring related compensation expense, and (iii) other exceptional or non-recurring items, as applicable. The most comparable GAAP financial metric is Compensation and benefits expense. Adjusted compensation and benefits expense ratio is defined as Adjusted compensation and benefits expense as a percentage of Total revenue. The most comparable GAAP financial metric is Compensation and benefits expense ratio.
A reconciliation of Adjusted compensation and benefits expense and Adjusted compensation and benefits expense ratio to Compensation and benefits expense and Compensation and benefits expense ratio, the most directly comparable GAAP measures, for each of the periods indicated, is as follows:
Three Months EndedSeptember 30 , (in thousands, except percentages) 2022
2021
Total revenue$ 411,996 $ 352,766 Compensation and benefits expense$ 274,108 $ 286,538 Acquisition-related expense (21 ) - Acquisition related long-term incentive compensation (7,383 ) (10,333 ) Restructuring and related expense (19 ) (895 ) Amortization and expense related to discontinued (1,533 ) (1,759 ) prepaid incentives Equity-based compensation (5,530 ) (3,371 ) Initial public offering related expense (12,527 ) (57,590 ) Adjusted compensation and benefits expense (1)$ 247,095 $ 212,590 Compensation and benefits expense ratio 66.5 % 81.2 % Adjusted compensation and benefits expense ratio 60.0 % 60.3 % 48
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1)
Adjustments to Compensation and benefits expense are described in the footnotes of the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDAC to Net income in "Adjusted EBITDAC and Adjusted EBITDAC Margin". Nine Months EndedSeptember 30 , (in thousands, except percentages) 2022
2021
Total revenue$ 1,290,178 $ 1,054,236 Compensation and benefits Expense$ 858,439 $ 737,825 Acquisition-related expense (122 ) - Acquisition related long-term incentive compensation (22,181 ) (28,837 ) Restructuring and related expense (724 ) (9,246 ) Amortization and expense related to discontinued (5,075 ) (5,441 ) prepaid incentives Equity-based compensation (18,009 ) (11,259 ) Initial public offering related expense (43,075 ) (57,590 ) Adjusted compensation and benefits expense (1)$ 769,253 $ 625,452 Compensation and benefits expense ratio 66.5 % 70.0 % Adjusted compensation and benefits expense ratio 59.6 % 59.3 %
(1)
Adjustments to Compensation and benefits expense are described in the footnotes of the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDAC to Net income in "Adjusted EBITDAC and Adjusted EBITDAC Margin".
Adjusted General and Administrative Expense and Adjusted General and Administrative Expense Ratio
We define Adjusted general and administrative expense as General and administrative expense adjusted to reflect items such as (i) acquisition and restructuring general and administrative related expense, and (ii) other exceptional or non-recurring items, as applicable. The most comparable GAAP financial metric is General and administrative expense. Adjusted general and administrative expense ratio is defined as Adjusted general and administrative expense as a percentage of Total revenue. The most comparable GAAP financial metric is General and administrative expense ratio. A reconciliation of Adjusted general and administrative expense and Adjusted general and administrative expense ratio to General and administrative expense and General and administrative expense ratio, the most directly comparable GAAP measures, for each of the periods indicated is as follows: Three Months EndedSeptember 30 , (in thousands, except percentages) 2022
2021
Total revenue$ 411,996 $ 352,766 General and administrative expense $ 48,991 $ 38,754 Acquisition-related expense (716 ) (106 ) Restructuring and related expense - (2,465 ) Initial public offering related expense (191 ) (1,030 )
Adjusted general and administrative expense (1) $ 48,084
$ 35,153 General and administrative expense ratio 11.9 % 11.0 % Adjusted general and administrative expense ratio 11.7 % 10.0 %
(1)
Adjustments to General and administrative expense are described in the footnotes of the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDAC to Net income in "Adjusted EBITDAC and Adjusted EBITDAC Margin". 49 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nine Months EndedSeptember 30 , (in thousands, except percentages) 2022
2021
Total revenue$ 1,290,178 $ 1,054,236 General and administrative expense$ 139,851 $ 96,984 Acquisition-related expense (2,767 ) (2,128 ) Restructuring and related expense (4,993 ) (4,286 ) Other non-recurring expense - (354 ) Initial public offering related expense (1,317 ) (1,346 )
Adjusted general and administrative expense (1)
$ 88,870 General and administrative expense ratio 10.8 % 9.2 % Adjusted general and administrative expense ratio 10.1 % 8.4 %
(1)
Adjustments to General and administrative expense are described in the footnotes of the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDAC to Net income in "Adjusted EBITDAC and Adjusted EBITDAC Margin".
Adjusted EBITDAC and Adjusted EBITDAC Margin
We define Adjusted EBITDAC as Net income (loss) before Interest expense, net, Income tax expense (benefit), Depreciation, Amortization, and Change in contingent consideration, adjusted to reflect items such as (i) equity-based compensation, (ii) acquisition and restructuring related expenses, and (iii) other exceptional or non-recurring items, as applicable. Total revenue less Adjusted compensation and benefits expense and Adjusted general and administrative expense is equivalent to Adjusted EBITDAC. The most directly comparable GAAP financial metric is Net income (loss). Adjusted EBITDAC margin is defined as Adjusted EBITDAC as a percentage of Total revenue. The most comparable GAAP financial metric is Net income (loss) margin. These measures start with consolidated Net income (loss) and do not deduct earnings related to the non-controlling interest in Ryan Re for the period of time prior toMarch 31, 2021 when we did not own 100% of the business or the non-controlling interest attributed to the retained ownership of the LLC. A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDAC and Adjusted EBITDAC margin to Net income (loss) and Net income (loss) margin, the most directly comparable GAAP measures, for each of the periods indicated is as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, (in thousands, except percentages) 2022 2021 Total revenue$ 411,996 $ 352,766 Net income (loss) $ 29,279$ (32,590 ) Interest expense, net 28,864 21,193 Income tax expense (benefit) 3,411 (5,368 ) Depreciation 1,463 1,179 Amortization 25,667 26,982 Change in contingent consideration 423 43 EBITDAC $ 89,107 $ 11,439 Acquisition-related expense (1) 737 106 Acquisition related long-term incentive compensation 7,383 10,333
(2)
Restructuring and related expense (3) 19 3,360 Amortization and expense related to discontinued 1,533 1,759 prepaid incentives (4) Other non-operating loss (income) (5) (66 ) 16,211 Equity-based compensation (6) 5,530 3,371 IPO related expenses (7) 12,718 58,620 (Income) from equity method investments in related (144 ) (176 ) party Adjusted EBITDAC$ 116,817 $ 105,023 Net income (loss) margin (8) 7.1 % (9.2 )% Adjusted EBITDAC margin 28.4 % 29.8 % 50
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1)
Acquisition-related expense includes diligence, transaction-related, and integration costs. Compensation and benefits expenses were de minimis for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , while General and administrative expenses contributed to$0.7 million and$0.1 million of the acquisition-related expense for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
(2)
Acquisition related long-term incentive compensation arises from long-term incentive plans associated with acquisitions.
(3)
Restructuring and related expense consists of Compensation and benefits were de minimis for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and$0.9 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , and General and administrative costs including occupancy and professional services fees of$2.5 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , related to the Restructuring Plan. The Compensation and benefits expense includes severance as well as employment costs related to services rendered between the notification and termination dates. See "Note 5, Restructuring" of the unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements for further discussion. The remaining costs that preceded the Restructuring Plan were associated with organizational design, other severance, and non-recurring lease costs.
(4)
Amortization and expense related to discontinued prepaid incentive programs - see "Note 14, Employee Benefit Plans, Prepaid and Long-Term Incentives" of the unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
(5)
For the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , Other non-operating loss (income) includes$0.1 million of sublease income. For the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , Other non-operating loss (income) includes the change in fair value of the embedded derivatives on the Redeemable Preferred Units. This change in fair value of$16.3 million was due to the occurrence of a Realization Event in the third quarter of 2021, which is defined in the Onex Purchase Agreement as a Qualified Public Offering or a Sale Transaction.
(6)
Equity-based compensation reflects non-cash equity-based expense.
(7)
IPO related expenses include$0.2 million and$1.0 million of General and administrative expense associated with the preparations for Sarbanes-Oxley compliance, tax, and accounting advisory services on IPO-related structure changes for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and compensation-related expense of$12.5 million and$57.6 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, primarily related to the revaluation of existing equity awards at IPO as well as expense for new awards issued at IPO.
(8)
Net income (loss) margin is Net income (loss) as a percentage of Total revenue.
Nine Months Ended September 30, (in thousands, except percentages) 2022 2021 Total revenue$ 1,290,178 $ 1,054,236 Net income (loss)$ 117,475 $ 27,016 Interest expense, net 75,462 60,224 Income tax expense (benefit) 10,076 (802 ) Depreciation 3,903 3,601 Amortization 78,563 82,095 Change in contingent consideration (837 ) 2,356 EBITDAC$ 284,642 $ 174,490 Acquisition-related expense (1) 2,889 2,128 Acquisition related long-term incentive compensation 22,181 28,837
(2)
Restructuring and related expense (3) 5,717 13,532 Amortization and expense related to discontinued 5,075 5,441 prepaid incentives (4) Other non-operating loss (income) (5) 6,832 45,547 Equity-based compensation (6) 18,009 11,259 Other non-recurring expense (7) - 354 IPO related expenses (8) 44,392 58,936 (Income) from equity method investments in related 414 (610 ) party Adjusted EBITDAC (9)$ 390,151 $ 339,914 Net income (loss) margin (10) 9.1 % 2.6 % Adjusted EBITDAC margin 30.2 % 32.2 % (1) Acquisition-related expense includes diligence, transaction-related, and integration costs. Compensation and benefits expenses were$0.1 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , while General and administrative expenses contributed to$2.8 51 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
million and
(2)
Acquisition related long-term incentive compensation arises from long-term incentive plans associated with acquisitions.
(3)
Restructuring and related expense consists of Compensation and benefits of$0.7 million and$9.2 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and General and administrative costs including occupancy and professional services fees of$5.0 million and$4.3 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to the Restructuring Plan. The Compensation and benefits expense includes severance as well as employment costs related to services rendered between the notification and termination dates. See "Note 5, Restructuring" of the unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements for further discussion. The remaining costs that preceded the Restructuring Plan were associated with organizational design, other severance, and non-recurring lease costs.
(4)
Amortization and expense related to discontinued prepaid incentive programs - see "Note 14, Employee Benefit Plans, Prepaid and Long-Term Incentives" of the unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
(5)
For the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , Other non-operating loss (income) includes a$7.2 million charge related to the change in the TRA liability caused by a change in our blended state tax rates. For the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , Other non-operating loss (income) includes the change in fair value of the embedded derivatives on the Redeemable Preferred Units. This change in fair value of$36.9 million was due to the occurrence of a Realization Event in the third quarter of 2021, which is defined in the Onex Purchase Agreement as a Qualified Public Offering or a Sale Transaction. For the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , Other non-operating loss (income) also includes expense of$8.6 million associated with the extinguishment of a portion of our deferred debt issuance costs on the term debt.
(6)
Equity-based compensation reflects non-cash equity-based expense.
(7)
Other non-recurring expense includes one-time impacts that do not reflect the core performance of the business, including General and administrative expenses of$0.4 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Other non-recurring items include one-time professional services costs associated with term debt repricing, one-time non-income tax charges, and tax and accounting consultancy costs associated with potential structure changes.
(8)
IPO related expenses include$1.3 million and$1.3 million of General and administrative expense associated with the preparations for Sarbanes-Oxley compliance, tax, and accounting advisory services on IPO-related structure changes for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and compensation-related expense of$43.1 million and$57.6 million for nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, primarily related to the revaluation of existing equity awards at IPO as well as expense for new awards issued at IPO.
(9)
Consolidated Adjusted EBITDAC does not reflect a deduction for the Adjusted
EBITDAC associated with the non-controlling interest in Ryan Re for the period
of time prior to
(10)
Net income (loss) margin is Net income (loss) as a percentage of Total revenue.
Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income Margin
We define Adjusted net income as tax-effected earnings before amortization and certain items of income and expense, gains and losses, equity-based compensation, acquisition related long-term incentive compensation, acquisition-related expenses, costs associated with the IPO, and certain exceptional or non-recurring items. The most comparable GAAP financial metric is Net income (loss). Adjusted net income margin is calculated as Adjusted net income as a percentage of Total revenue. The most comparable GAAP financial metric is Net income (loss) margin. These measures start with consolidated Net income (loss) and do not deduct earnings related to the non-controlling interest in Ryan Re for the period of time prior toMarch 31, 2021 when we did not own 100% of the business or the non-controlling interest attributed to the retained ownership of the LLC. Following the IPO the Company is subject toUnited States federal income taxes, in addition to state, local, and foreign taxes, with respect to our allocable share of any net taxable income of the LLC. For comparability purposes, this calculation incorporates the impact of federal and state statutory tax rates on 100% of our adjusted pre-tax income as if the Company owned 100% of the LLC. 52 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A reconciliation of Adjusted net income and Adjusted net income margin to Net income (loss) and Net income (loss) margin, the most directly comparable GAAP measures, for each of the periods indicated is as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, (in thousands, except percentages) 2022 2021 Total revenue$ 411,996 $ 352,766 Net income (loss) $ 29,279$ (32,590 ) Income tax expense (benefit) 3,411 (5,368 ) Amortization 25,667 26,982 Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs (1) 3,033 2,777 Change in contingent consideration 423 43 Acquisition-related expense (2) 737 106 Acquisition related long-term incentive compensation 7,383 10,333
(3)
Restructuring and related expense (4) 19 3,360 Amortization and expense related to discontinued 1,533 1,759 prepaid incentives (5) Other non-operating loss (income) (6) (66 ) 16,211 Equity-based compensation (7) 5,530 3,371 IPO related expenses (8) 12,718 58,620 (Income) / loss from equity method investments in (144 ) (176 ) related party Adjusted income before income taxes $ 89,523 $ 85,428 Adjusted tax expense (9) (22,963 ) (22,479 ) Adjusted net income $ 66,560 $ 62,949 Net income (loss) margin (10) 7.1 % (9.2 )% Adjusted net income margin 16.2 % 17.8 % (1)
Interest expense, net includes amortization of deferred debt issuance costs.
(2)
Acquisition-related expense includes diligence, transaction-related, and integration costs. Compensation and benefits expenses were de minimis for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , while General and administrative expenses contributed to$0.7 million and$0.1 million of the acquisition-related expense for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
(3)
Acquisition related long-term incentive compensation arises from long-term incentive plans associated with acquisitions.
(4)
Restructuring and related expense consists of Compensation and benefits were de minimis for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and$0.9 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , and General and administrative costs including occupancy and professional services fees of$2.5 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , related to the Restructuring Plan. The Compensation and benefits expense includes severance as well as employment costs related to services rendered between the notification and termination dates. See "Note 5, Restructuring" of the unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements for further discussion. The remaining costs that preceded the Restructuring Plan were associated with organizational design, other severance, and non-recurring lease costs.
(5)
Amortization and expense related to discontinued prepaid incentive programs - see "Note 14, Employee Benefit Plans, Prepaid and Long-Term Incentives" of the unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
(6)
For the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , Other non-operating loss (income) includes$0.1 million of sublease income. For the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , Other non-operating loss (income) includes the change in fair value of the embedded derivatives on the Redeemable Preferred Units. This change in fair value of$16.3 million was due to the occurrence of a Realization Event in the third quarter of 2021, which is defined in the Onex Purchase Agreement as a Qualified Public Offering or a Sale Transaction.
(7)
Equity-based compensation reflects non-cash equity-based expense.
(8)
IPO related expenses include$0.2 million and$1.0 million of General and administrative expense associated with the preparations for Sarbanes-Oxley compliance, tax, and accounting advisory services on IPO-related structure changes for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and compensation-related expense of$12.5 million and$57.6 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, primarily related to the revaluation of existing equity awards at IPO as well as expense for new awards issued at IPO. 53 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(9)
The Company is subject toUnited States federal income taxes, in addition to state, local, and foreign taxes, with respect to our allocable share of any net taxable income of the LLC. For the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 this calculation of adjusted tax expense is based on a federal statutory rate of 21% and a combined state income tax rate net of federal benefits of 4.65% on 100% of our adjusted income before income taxes as if the Company owned 100% of the LLC. For the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 this calculation of adjusted tax expense is based on a federal statutory rate of 21% and a combined state income tax rate net of federal benefits of 5.31% on 100% of our adjusted income before income taxes as if the Company owned 100% of the LLC.
(10)
Net income (loss) margin is Net income (loss) as a percentage of Total revenue.
Nine Months Ended September 30, (in thousands, except percentages) 2022 2021 Total revenue$ 1,290,178 $ 1,054,236 Net income (loss)$ 117,475 $ 27,016 Income tax expense (benefit) 10,076 (802 ) Amortization 78,563 82,095 Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs (1) 9,017 8,546 Change in contingent consideration (837 ) 2,356 Acquisition-related expense (2) 2,889 2,128 Acquisition related long-term incentive compensation 22,181 28,837
(3)
Restructuring and related expense (4) 5,717 13,532 Amortization and expense related to discontinued 5,075 5,441 prepaid incentives (5) Other non-operating loss (income) (6) 6,832 45,547 Equity-based compensation (7) 18,009 11,259 Other non-recurring items (8) - 354 IPO related expenses (9) 44,392 58,936 (Income) / loss from equity method investments in 414 (610 ) related party Adjusted income before income taxes$ 319,803 $ 284,635 Adjusted tax expense (10) (82,029 ) (74,896 ) Adjusted net income$ 237,774 $ 209,739 Net income (loss) margin (11) 9.1 % 2.6 % Adjusted net income margin 18.4 % 19.9 % (1)
Interest expense, net includes amortization of deferred debt issuance costs.
(2)
Acquisition-related expense includes diligence, transaction-related, and integration costs. Compensation and benefits expenses were$0.1 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , while General and administrative expenses contributed to$2.8 million and$2.1 million of the acquisition-related expense for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
(3)
Acquisition related long-term incentive compensation arises from long-term incentive plans associated with acquisitions.
(4)
Restructuring and related expense consists of Compensation and benefits of$0.7 million and$9.2 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and General and administrative costs including occupancy and professional services fees of$5.0 million and$4.3 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to the Restructuring Plan. The Compensation and benefits expense includes severance as well as employment costs related to services rendered between the notification and termination dates. See "Note 5, Restructuring" of the unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements for further discussion. The remaining costs that preceded the Restructuring Plan were associated with organizational design, other severance, and non-recurring lease costs.
(5)
Amortization and expense related to discontinued prepaid incentive programs - see "Note 14, Employee Benefit Plans, Prepaid and Long-Term Incentives" of the unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
(6)
For the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , Other non-operating loss (income) includes a$7.2 million charge related to the change in the TRA liability caused by a change in our blended state tax rates. For the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , Other non-operating loss (income) includes the change in fair value of the embedded derivatives on the Redeemable Preferred Units. This change in fair value of$36.9 million was due to the occurrence of a Realization Event in the third quarter of 2021, which is defined in the Onex Purchase Agreement as a Qualified Public Offering or a Sale Transaction. For the nine months 54 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ended
(7)
Equity-based compensation reflects non-cash equity-based expense.
(8)
Other non-recurring expense includes one-time impacts that do not reflect the core performance of the business, including General and administrative expenses of$0.4 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Other non-recurring items include one-time professional services costs associated with term debt repricing, one-time non-income tax charges, and tax and accounting consultancy costs associated with potential structure changes.
(9)
IPO related expenses include$1.3 million and$1.3 million of General and administrative expense associated with the preparations for Sarbanes-Oxley compliance, tax, and accounting advisory services on IPO-related structure changes for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and compensation-related expense of$43.1 million and$57.6 million for nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, primarily related to the revaluation of existing equity awards at IPO as well as expense for new awards issued at IPO.
(10)
The Company is subject toUnited States federal income taxes, in addition to state, local, and foreign taxes, with respect to our allocable share of any net taxable income of the LLC. For the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , this calculation of adjusted tax expense is based on a federal statutory rate of 21% and a combined state income tax rate net of federal benefits of 4.65% on 100% of our adjusted income before income taxes as if the Company owned 100% of the LLC. For the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , this calculation of adjusted tax expense is based on a federal statutory rate of 21% and a combined state income tax rate net of federal benefits of 5.31% on 100% of our adjusted income before income taxes as if the Company owned 100% of the LLC.
(11)
Net income (loss) margin is Net income (loss) as a percentage of Total revenue.
Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share
We define Adjusted diluted earnings per share as Adjusted net income divided by diluted shares outstanding after adjusting for the effect of the exchange of 100% of the outstanding LLC Common Units (together with the shares of Class B common stock) into shares of Class A common stock and the effect of unvested equity awards. The most directly comparable GAAP financial metric is Diluted earnings per share. A reconciliation of Adjusted diluted earnings per share to Diluted earnings per share, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for each of the periods indicated is as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Adjustments Less: Net income Plus: attributed to Plus: Net income Dilutive dilutive awards (loss) attributed impact of and to Plus: Adjustments unvested Adjusted (in thousands, substantively non-controlling to Adjusted net equity diluted except per share vested shares interests income awards earnings per data) U.S. GAAP (1) (2) (3) (4) share Numerator: Net income (loss) attributable to Class A common shareholders- diluted$ 24,824 $ (13,079 ) $ 17,534 $ 37,281 $ -$ 66,560 Denominator: Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding- diluted 266,352 - - - 4,153 270,505 Net income (loss) per share of Class A common stock- diluted$ 0.09 $ (0.05 ) $ 0.07 $ 0.14 $ - $ 0.25 (1) Adjustment removes the impact of Net income (loss) attributed to dilutive awards and substantively vested RSUs to arrive at Net income (loss) attributable toRyan Specialty Holdings, Inc. See "Note 12, Earnings (Loss) Per Share" of the unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements.
(2)
For comparability purposes, this calculation incorporates the Net income (loss) that would be outstanding if all LLC Common Units (together with shares of Class B common stock) were exchanged for shares of Class A common stock. 144,085 weighted average outstanding LLC Common Units were considered dilutive for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and included in the 266,352 Weighted-average shares outstanding within Diluted EPS. See "Note 12, Earnings (Loss) Per Share" of the unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements. 55 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(3)
Adjustments to Adjusted net income are described in the footnotes of the reconciliation of Adjusted net income to Net income (loss) in "Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income Margin."
(4)
For comparability purposes and to be consistent with the treatment of the adjustments to arrive at Adjusted net income, the dilutive effect of unvested equity awards is calculated using the treasury stock method as if the weighted average unrecognized cost associated with the awards was$0 over the period, less any unvested equity awards determined to be dilutive within the Diluted earnings per share calculation disclosed in "Note 12, Earnings (Loss) Per Share" of the unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements. Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Adjustments Plus: Impact of Plus: Net all LLC income Common attributable to Units Plus: Dilutive the LLC before exchanged Plus: Adjustments impact of Adjusted (in thousands, the for Class A to Adjusted net unvested equity diluted except per share Organizational shares income awards earnings per data) U.S. GAAP Transactions (1) (2) (3) share Numerator: Net income (loss) attributable to Class A common shareholders- diluted$ (17,115 ) $ 15,781 $ (31,256 ) $ 95,539 $ -$ 62,949 Denominator: Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding- diluted 105,309 - 142,727 - 19,684 267,721 Net income (loss) per share of Class A common stock- diluted$ (0.16 ) $ 0.15$ (0.12 ) $ 0.39 $ (0.02 ) $ 0.24 (1) For comparability purposes, this calculation incorporates the Net income (loss) and weighted average shares of Class A common stock that would be outstanding if all LLC Common Units (together with shares of Class B common stock) were exchanged for shares of Class A common stock. See "Note 12, Earnings (Loss) Per Share" of the unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements.
(2)
Adjustments to Adjusted net income are described in the footnotes of the reconciliation of Adjusted net income to Net income (loss) in "Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income Margin."
(3)
For comparability purposes and to be consistent with the treatment of the adjustments to arrive at Adjusted net income, the dilutive effect of unvested equity awards is calculated using the treasury stock method as if the weighted average unrecognized cost associated with the awards was$0 over the period, less any unvested equity awards determined to be dilutive within the Diluted earnings per share calculation disclosed in "Note 12, Earnings (Loss) Per Share" of the unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Adjustments Plus: Plus: Net income Dilutive Less: Net income (loss) attributed Plus: impact of attributed to to Adjustments to unvested Adjusted (in thousands, dilutive awards non-controlling Adjusted net equity diluted except per share and substantively interests income awards earnings per data) U.S. GAAP vested shares (1) (2) (3) (4) share Numerator: Net income (loss) attributable to Class A common shareholders- diluted$ 98,565 $ (55,408 ) $ 74,318$ 120,299 $ -$ 237,774 Denominator: Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding- diluted 265,071 - - - 5,011 270,082 Net income (loss) per share of Class A common stock- diluted$ 0.37 $ (0.21 ) $ 0.28 $ 0.46$ (0.02 ) $ 0.88 56
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1)
Adjustment removes the impact of Net income (loss) attributed to dilutive awards and substantively vested RSUs to arrive at Net income (loss) attributable toRyan Specialty Holdings, Inc. See "Note 12, Earnings (Loss) Per Share" of the unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements.
(2)
For comparability purposes, this calculation incorporates the Net income (loss) that would be outstanding if all LLC Common Units (together with shares of Class B common stock) were exchanged for shares of Class A common stock. 144,004 weighted average outstanding LLC Common Units were considered dilutive for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and included in the 265,071 Weighted-average shares outstanding within Diluted EPS. See "Note 12, Earnings (Loss) Per Share" of the unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements.
(3)
Adjustments to Adjusted net income are described in the footnotes of the reconciliation of Adjusted net income to Net income (loss) in "Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income Margin."
(4)
For comparability purposes and to be consistent with the treatment of the adjustments to arrive at Adjusted net income, the dilutive effect of unvested equity awards is calculated using the treasury stock method as if the weighted average unrecognized cost associated with the awards was$0 over the period, less any unvested equity awards determined to be dilutive within the Diluted earnings per share calculation disclosed in "Note 12, Earnings (Loss) Per Share" of the unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Adjustments Plus: Net Plus: Impact income of all LLC attributable to Common Units Plus: Plus: Dilutive the LLC before exchanged for Adjustments to impact of Adjusted (in thousands, the Class A
Adjusted net unvested equity diluted except per share
Organizational shares income awards earnings per data) U.S. GAAP Transactions (1) (2) (3) share Numerator: Net income (loss) attributable to Class A common shareholders- diluted$ (17,115 ) $ 75,387 $ (31,256 ) $ 182,723 $ -$ 209,739 Denominator: Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding- diluted 105,309 - 142,727 - 19,684 267,721 Net income (loss) per share of Class A common stock- diluted$ (0.16 ) $ 0.72$ (0.44 ) $ 0.74 $ (0.06 )$ 0.78 (1) For comparability purposes, this calculation incorporates the Net income (loss) and weighted average shares of Class A common stock that would be outstanding if all LLC Common Units (together with shares of Class B common stock) were exchanged for shares of Class A common stock. See "Note 12, Earnings (Loss) Per Share" of the unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements.
(2)
Adjustments to Adjusted net income are described in the footnotes of the reconciliation of Adjusted net income to Net income (loss) in "Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income Margin."
(3)
For comparability purposes and to be consistent with the treatment of the adjustments to arrive at Adjusted net income, the dilutive effect of unvested equity awards is calculated using the treasury stock method as if the weighted average unrecognized cost associated with the awards was$0 over the period, less any unvested equity awards determined to be dilutive within the Diluted earnings per share calculation disclosed in "Note 12, Earnings (Loss) Per Share" of the unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements. Liquidity and Capital Resources Liquidity describes the ability of a company to generate sufficient cash flows to meet the cash requirements of its business operations. We believe that the balance sheet and strong cash flow profile of the business provides adequate liquidity. The primary sources of liquidity are Cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, cash flows provided by operations, and debt capacity available under our Revolving Credit Facility, Term Loan, and Senior Secured Notes (together "Credit Facility"). The primary uses of liquidity are operating expenses, seasonal working capital needs, business combinations, capital expenditures, obligations under the TRA, taxes, and distributions to LLC Unitholders. We believe that cash and cash equivalents, cash flows from operations, and amounts available under our Credit Facility will be sufficient to meet liquidity needs, including principal and interest payments on 57 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- debt obligations, capital expenditures, and anticipated working capital requirements, for the next 12 months and beyond. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors including continuance of historical working capital levels and capital expenditure needs, investment in de novo offerings, and the flow of deals in our merger and acquisition program. We may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing. In the event that additional financing is required from outside sources, we may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital or generate cash flows necessary to expand our operations, this could reduce our ability to compete successfully and harm the results of our operations. Cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Balance Sheets includes funds available for general corporate purposes. Fiduciary cash and receivables cannot be used for general corporate purposes. Insurance premiums, claims funds, and surplus lines taxes are held in a fiduciary capacity and the obligation to remit these funds is recorded as Fiduciary liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We will recognize fiduciary amounts due to others as fiduciary liabilities and fiduciary amounts collectible and held on behalf of others, including insurance carriers, other insurance intermediaries, surplus lines taxing authorities, clients, and insurance policy holders, as Fiduciary cash and receivables in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In our capacity as an insurance broker or agent, we collect premiums from insureds and, after deducting our commission, remit the premiums to the respective insurance markets and carriers. We also collect claims prefunding or refunds from carriers on behalf of insureds, which are then returned to the insureds, and surplus lines taxes, which are then remitted to surplus lines taxing authorities. Insurance premiums, claims funds, and surplus lines taxes are held in a fiduciary capacity. The levels of Fiduciary cash and receivables and Fiduciary liabilities can fluctuate significantly depending on when we collect the premiums, claims prefunding, and refunds, make payments to markets, carriers, surplus lines taxing authorities, and insureds, and collect funds from clients and make payments on their behalf, and upon the impact of foreign currency movements. Fiduciary cash, because of its nature, is generally held in very liquid securities with a focus on preservation of principal. To minimize investment risk, we and our subsidiaries maintain cash holdings pursuant to an investment policy which contemplates all relevant rules established by states with regard to fiduciary cash and is approved by our Board of Directors. The policy requires broad diversification of holdings across a variety of counterparties utilizing limits set by our Board of Directors, primarily based on credit rating and type of investment. Fiduciary cash and receivables included cash of$704.9 million and$635.6 million as ofSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and fiduciary receivables of$1,442.0 million and$1,281.0 million as ofSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. While we may earn interest income on fiduciary cash held in cash and investments, the fiduciary cash may not be used for general corporate purposes. Of the$833.0 million of Cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as ofSeptember 30, 2022 ,$130.2 million is held in fiduciary accounts representing collected revenue and is available to be transferred to operating accounts and used for general corporate purposes.
Credit Facilities
We expect to have sufficient financial resources to meet our business requirements for the next 12 months. Although cash from operations is expected to be sufficient to service our activities, including servicing our debt and contractual obligations, and financing capital expenditures, we have the ability to borrow under our Revolving Credit Facility to accommodate any timing differences in cash flows. Additionally, under current market conditions, we believe that we could access capital markets to obtain debt financing for longer-term funding, if needed. OnSeptember 1, 2020 , we entered into the Credit Agreement with leading institutions, includingJPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A ., the Administrative Agent, for Term Loan borrowings totaling$1,650.0 million and a Revolving Credit Facility totaling$300.0 million , in connection with financing the All Risks Acquisition. Borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility are permitted to be drawn for our working capital and other general corporate financing purposes and those of certain of our subsidiaries. Borrowings under our Credit Agreement are unconditionally guaranteed by various subsidiaries and are secured by a lien and security interest in substantially all of our assets. OnJuly 26, 2021 , we entered into an amendment to our Credit Agreement, which provided for an increase in the size of our Revolving Credit Facility from$300.0 million to$600.0 million . Interest on the upsized Revolving Credit Facility bore interest at the Eurocurrency Rate (LIBOR) plus a margin that ranged from 2.50% to 3.00%, based on the first lien net leverage ratio defined in our Credit Agreement. No other significant terms under our agreement governing the Revolving Credit Facility were changed in connection with such amendment.
On
OnApril 29, 2022 the Company entered into the Fourth Amendment to the Credit Agreement on its Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility to transition its LIBOR rate to a Benchmark Replacement of Adjusted Term SOFR plus a Credit Spread Adjustment of 10 basis points, 15 basis points, or 25 basis points for the one-month, three-month, or six-month borrowing periods, respectively. 58 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As of
As ofSeptember 30, 2022 , we were in compliance with all of the covenants under our Credit Agreement and there were no events of default for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 .
See "Note 9, Debt" in the notes to our unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements for further information regarding our debt arrangements.
Tax Receivable Agreement
In connection with the Organizational Transactions and IPO, the Company entered into a TRA with current and certain former LLC Unitholders. The TRA provides for the payment by the Company to current and certain former LLC Unitholders, of 85% of the net cash savings, if any, inU.S. federal, state and local income taxes that the Company realizes (or is deemed to realize in certain circumstances) as a result of (i) certain increases in the tax basis of the assets of the LLC resulting from purchases or exchanges of LLC Common Units ("Exchange Tax Attributes"), (ii) certain tax attributes of the LLC that existed prior to the IPO ("Pre-IPO M&A Tax Attributes"), (iii) certain favorable "remedial" partnership tax allocations to which the Company becomes entitled to (if any), and (iv) certain other tax benefits related to the Company entering into the TRA, including tax benefits attributable to payments that the Company makes under the TRA ("TRA Payment Tax Attributes"). The Company recognizes a liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets based on the undiscounted estimated future payments under the TRA. Due to the uncertainty of various factors, we cannot precisely quantify the likely tax benefits we will realize as a result of the LLC Common Unit exchanges and the resulting amounts we are likely to pay out to current and certain former LLC Unitholders pursuant to the TRA; however, we estimate that such tax benefits and the related TRA payments may be substantial. As set forth in the table below, and assuming no changes in the relevant tax law and that we earn sufficient taxable income to realize all cash tax savings that are subject to the TRA as a result of transaction, we expect future payments under the TRA as a result of transactions as ofSeptember 30, 2022 will be$302.4 million in aggregate. Future payments in respect to subsequent exchanges would be in addition to these amounts and are expected to be substantial. The foregoing amounts are merely estimates and the actual payments could differ materially. In the event of a permissible early termination of the TRA the Company is required to pay to each holder of the TRA an early termination payment equal to the discounted present value of all unpaid TRA Payments. The Company has not made and is not likely to make an election for an early termination. We expect to fund future TRA payments with tax distributions from the LLC that come from cash on hand and cash generated from operations. Exchange Tax Pre-IPO M&A Tax TRA Payment Tax (in thousands) Attributes (1) Attributes (2) Attributes (3) TRA Liabilities Balance at December 31, 2021$ 136,704 $ 83,389 $ 52,007 $ 272,100 Exchange of LLC Common Units 15,857 2,199 5,033 23,089 Remeasurement - change in state rate 2,884 1,759 2,530 7,173 Payments - - - - Balance at September 30, 2022$ 155,445 $ 87,347 $ 59,570 $ 302,362 Total expected estimated tax savings from each of the tax attributes associated with the TRA are (1) Exchange Tax Attributes of$182.9 million , (2) Pre-IPO M&A Tax Attributes of$102.8 million , and (3) TRA Payment Tax Attributes of$70.1 million . The Company will retain the benefit of 15% of these cash savings.
Comparison of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended
Cash and cash equivalents increased
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 decreased$3.4 million from the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 to$151.0 million . Net income increased$90.5 million , Commissions and fees receivable decreased$18.3 million , and Non-cash equity-based compensation increased$14.2 million , all increasing cash flows from operating activities during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 compared with the same period in the prior year. This was offset by a$131.3 million decrease in Other current and non-current assets and accrued liabilities associated with the final payment of the All Risks Long-Term Incentive Plans during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 compared with the same period in the prior year. 59 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Cash flows used for investing activities during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 were$11.7 million , a decrease of$333.8 million compared to the$345.5 million of cash flows used for investing activities during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The main driver of the cash flows used for investing activities in the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 was$12.0 million of capital expenditures, compared to the$343.2 million acquisition of the Preferred Blocker Entity from Onex,$6.4 million of capital expenditures, and a$4.1 million offset related to Prepaid incentive repayments for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 .
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Cash flows provided by financing activities during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 were$260.3 million , a decrease of$85.8 million compared to cash flows provided by financing activities of$346.1 million during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The main drivers of cash flows provided by financing activities during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 were the Bond issuance of$394.0 million , offset by the net change in fiduciary liabilities of$54.8 million , the cash distributions to LLC Unitholders of$32.7 million , payment of interest rate cap premium of$25.5 million , the repayment of term debt of$12.4 million , and the payment of contingent consideration of$6.2 million . The main drivers of cash flows provided by financing activities during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 was the issuance of Class A common stock in the IPO of$1,455.2 million and the net change in fiduciary liabilities of$52.4 million , offset by the repurchase of pre-IPO LLC units and Alternative TRA payments of$780.4 million , the repurchase of Class A common stock in the IPO of$183.6 million , the repurchase of Redeemable Preferred Units from theFounder Group for$78.3 million ,$48.4 million in cash paid for the remaining 53% non-controlling common equity interest in Ryan Re,$47.0 million of cash distributions paid to pre-IPO unitholders, and$12.4 million repayment of term debt. Contractual Obligations and Commitments Our principal commitments consist of contractual obligations in connection with investing and operating activities. These obligations are described within "Note 8, Leases" and "Note 9, Debt" in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements and provide further description on provisions that create, increase, or accelerate obligations, or other pertinent data to the extent necessary for an understanding of the timing and amount of the specified contractual obligations. Within Current accrued compensation and Non-current accrued compensation we have various long-term incentive compensation agreements accrued for. These agreements are typically associated with an acquisition. Below we have outlined the liabilities accrued as ofSeptember 30, 2022 , the projected future expense, and the projected timing of future cash outflows associated with these arrangements.
Long-term Incentive Compensation Agreements (in thousands)
September 30, 2022 Current accrued compensation $ - Non-current accrued compensation 171 Total liability $ 171 Projected future expense 484 Total projected future cash outflows $ 656 Projected Future Cash Outflows (in thousands) 2022 $ - 2023 - 2024 - 2025 - Thereafter $ 656 Within "Note 4, Mergers and Acquisitions" in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements we discuss various contingent consideration arrangements and their impact. Below we have outlined the liabilities accrued as ofSeptember 30, 2022 , the projected future expense, and the projected timing of future cash outflows associated with these contingent consideration agreements. 60 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contingent Consideration (in thousands) September 30, 2022 Current accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 7,388 Other non-current liabilities 19,969 Total liability $ 27,357 Projected future expense 5,577 Total projected future cash outflows $ 32,934 Projected Future Cash Outflows (in thousands) 2022 $ - 2023 7,837 2024 - 2025 25,097 Thereafter $ - For further discussion, see "Note 4, Mergers and Acquisitions," "Note 8, Leases," "Note 9, Debt," "Note 14, Employee Benefit Plans, Prepaid and Long-Term Incentives," and "Note 17, Commitments and Contingencies" of the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates The methods, assumptions, and estimates that we use in applying the accounting policies may require us to apply judgments regarding matters that are inherently uncertain. We consider an accounting policy to be a critical estimate if: (i) the Company must make assumptions that were uncertain when the judgment was made, and (ii) changes in the estimate assumptions, or selection of a different estimate methodology, could have a significant impact on our financial position and the results that we will report in the consolidated financial statements. While we believe that the estimates, assumptions, and judgments are reasonable, they are based on information available when the estimate was made. The accounting policies that we believe reflect our more significant estimates, judgments, and assumptions that are most critical to understanding and evaluating our reported financial results are: revenue recognition, fair value, and goodwill and intangibles. Our critical accounting policies are described under the heading "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Critical Accounting Policies" in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 filed with theSEC onMarch 16, 2022 . Additionally, the changes, if any, to our critical accounting policies and estimates disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 are included in "Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies," to our unaudited consolidated financial statements. Recent Accounting Pronouncements For a description of any recently adopted accounting pronouncements and recently issued accounting standards not yet adopted, see "Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies" in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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