Engineering Net Zero: Germany report

OUR NET ZERO

BLUEPRINT FOR THE

FUTURE

Contents

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. THE ENERGY TRILEMMA 5

3. POLICY LANDSCAPE 7

3.1EnergyMixinGermany ............................. 7

3.2 EU Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3.3 German Policies and Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

4. OPPORTUNITIES,RISKS AND CHALLENGES 17

4.2Hydrogen ......................................... 24

4.3 Energy Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

4.4 Interconnectors and flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

5. SUMMARY 39

6. REPORT CONTRIBUTORS 47

7. REFERENCES 48

LEADING

A LOW CARBON

FUTURE

1. Introduction

With every passing year, the damaging effects of climate change are becoming increasingly more evident worldwide.

Expending every effort to adhere to the goals of the 21st Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change, known as the 2015 Paris Agreement, namely to limit global warming to well below 2° C and preferably to no more than 1.5° C above pre-industrial levels [Ref 01], is becoming a priority for governments around the world.