The following discussion provides information that management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of the condensed consolidated financial condition and results of operations ofSouthern Copper Corporation and its subsidiaries (collectively, "SCC", "the Company", "our", and "we"). This item should be read in conjunction with our interim unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto included in this quarterly report. Additionally, the following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2020 . EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW Business: Our business is primarily the production and sale of copper. In the process of producing copper, a number of valuable metallurgical by-products are recovered, which we also produce and sell. Market forces outside of our control largely determine the sale prices for our products. Our management, therefore, focuses on value creation through copper production, cost control, production enhancement and maintaining a prudent capital structure to remain profitable. We endeavor to achieve these goals through capital spending programs, exploration efforts and cost reduction programs. Our aim is to remain profitable during periods of low copper prices and to maximize financial performance in periods of high copper prices. We are one of the world's largest copper mining companies in terms of production and sales and our principal operations are inPeru andMexico . We also have exploration programs inChile ,Argentina andEcuador . In addition to copper, we produce significant amounts of other metals, either as a by-product of the copper process or through a number of dedicated mining facilities inMexico .
Outlook: Various key factors will affect our outcome. These include, but are not limited to, the following:
Sales structure: In the third quarter of 2021, approximately 78.7% of our ? revenue came from the sale of copper; 11.0% from molybdenum; 3.9% from silver;
3.7% from zinc; and 2.7% from various other products, including gold, sulfuric
acid and other materials.
Copper: In the third quarter of 2021, the LME copper price increased from an
average of
outlook for the Company remains positive. We believe the following factors are
influencing the market:
The strong demand that we are seeing in the
? terms of cathode consumption.
and power shortages, is experiencing a notable reduction in scrap imports.
The combined inventories of the LME, Comex,
? remain at relatively low levels. The combined sum of these inventories fell
from 907,000 tons in
37% reduction.
? The uncertainty regarding future production growth in
together represent about 40% of the world supply.
The most important market intelligence houses for the copper market are
? expecting a market deficit of about 200,000 tons this year due to a recovery in
demand, which is estimated to grow about 5% in 2021, driven by a recovery in
economic activity, mainly in developed economies.
Molybdenum: Represented 11.0% of our sales in the third quarter of 2021 and is
? currently our most important by-product. Molybdenum prices averaged
pound in the third quarter of 2021, compared to
2020. This represented a 143.5% increase. 38 Table of Contents
Molybdenum is mainly used in the production of special alloys for stainless steel that require significant hardness and corrosion and heat resistance. A new use for this metal is in lubricants and sulfur filtering of heavy oils and
shale gas production.
Silver: Represented 3.9% of our sales in the third quarter of 2021. We believe ? that the prices for silver will be supported by its intensive level of
industrial use and the fact that, like gold, it represents value shelter in
times of economic turmoil.
Zinc: Represented 3.7% of our sales in the third quarter of 2021. We consider ? zinc has very good long term fundamentals due to high levels of industrial
consumption and expected production.
Production: In 2021 and 2022, we expect to produce 958,000 and 922,000 tons of ? copper, respectively, given that production during these periods will be
affected by a temporary reduction in ore grade and recovery at our Peruvian
operations.
We expect our copper production to recover by 2023 and reach 1,000,000 tons of production as we get Peruvian
production back on track and generate new production from our
projects.
We also expect to produce 19.3 million ounces of silver in 2021, which represents a decrease of 10% with regard to our 2020 production level. In 2021, we expect to produce 67,500 tons of zinc at our mines, which represents a 2.0% decrease compared to 2020 levels. Additionally, we expect to produce 29,400 tons of molybdenum, which represents a decrease of 3.2% compared to the levels reported in 2020.
Capital Investments: In the first nine months of 2021, we spent
99.4% compared to the amount registered for the same period in 2020. CYBERSECURITY EVENT As previously reported, onMarch 1, 2021 , at approximately 02:00 hoursMexico City time, we experienced a Ransomware cyber-attack, which was operated by humans. This cyber-attack encrypted a total of 479 servers and 303 pieces of personal equipment. However, due to the quick response of our IT team, our Enterprise Resource Planning software was not affected by the aforementioned attack. After the attack, we immediately began a remediation and recovery process and completely restored the affected servers. So far, the forensic investigation has not identified any concrete evidence of information stolen during the attack. However, we maintain active lines of work in cyberintelligence and forensic investigation to continue monitoring the DarkWeb/DeepWeb and social networks to identify any publication or activity related to the Company; ensure that our systems infrastructure is safe and validate the technological controls affected during the attack. InMarch 2021 , we appointed a new Head of Information Technology, who is implementing a new information security strategy to ensure business continuity based on processes (controls and corporate governance framework), technology and human capital (organizational culture). The areas of compliance, internal control, information technology and internal audit are working together to integrate reference frameworks, risk management models and the necessary controls to implement the information security strategy and corresponding programs. Our information security strategy is being executed on a continuous basis. InJuly 2021 , Grupo Mexico appointed a Chief Information Security Officer who has been actively involved in the development and implementation of this strategy. In addition, between July and September of 2021 we performed a cybernetic forensic analysis with the assistance of a specialized provider with global experience in this area. The recommendations received have already been integrated in current information security programs. AMC has set up a task force to oversee ongoing initiatives 39
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and to ensure that targets are met. We are actively following up on this matter with this task force, our internal audit team and will involve specialized
third parties as needed.
As of
COVID-19 The full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide is not yet known and, accordingly, the magnitude of the COVID-19 impact on the Company's financial condition, liquidity and future operating results is still uncertain. However, we believe we are beginning a new stage in the COVID-19 crisis, where outbreaks will be better controlled worldwide, which, we hope, will bode well for a strong recovery across the globe in the near future. Senior Management continues to actively monitor the global situation´s effect on the Company´s financial condition, liquidity, operations, suppliers, industry and workforce and is focusing principally on the health, safety and well-being of our employees, their families and the communities where we have operations. As ofSeptember 30, 2021 , the strong global economic recovery has generated significant challenges for the global shipping industry, which have led to congestion at ports, shortage of containers and a lack of space on ships. This situation has caused the Company to experience some delays in the reception of imported materials as well as in the shipment of its products and receivable collections. This, however, has had no material impact on the financial position of the Company. As ofSeptember 30, 2021 , copper prices maintain a positive trend, closing at$4.10 per pound (LME) with regard to$3.00 per pound for the same period of 2020. Considering the market outlook previously described, we have a positive view for the copper market in the near future. The Company maintains a solid financial position and performance level. We believe this has allowed and will continue to allow us to deal with the effects of the pandemic in a way that prevents adverse material effects on our operations and financial results. The table below compares some of our financial information as follows: Sep-21 Dec-20 Sep-20 ($ in millions, except ratios) Cash and cash equivalents 2,583.7 2,183.6 2,145.4 Accounts receivable 1,579.8 1,136.6 1,036.8 Total assets 18,110.3 16,946.5 16,248.4 Long term debt 6,546.7 6,544.2 6,543.4 Sales 8,110.4 7,984.9 5,634.2 RATIOS
Current assets to current liabilities 3.29 3.49 3.78 Accounts receivable turnover (1) 5.13 7.03 5.43 Total debt ratio (2)
0.36 0.39 0.40 Net income margin (3) 31.6% 19.7% 17.4%
(1) Represents net sales divided by accounts receivable.
(2) Represents total debt divided by total assets.
(3) Represents net income divided by net sales, as a percentage.
At the present time, our operations are in compliance with all sanitary and government regulations and maintain proper environmental safeguards. Our COVID-19 emergency protocol has reinforced preventive measures such as disinfecting, clinical monitoring before work, cleaning and sanitizing of work areas and respect for social distancing. We have also restricted the access of contractors, suppliers and personnel to our facilities if visits are not indispensable and enforced multiple actions to limit workforce exposure to
COVID-19 by imposing travel 40 Table of Contents
restrictions, prohibiting face-to-face meetings and urging frequent hand washing, as well as adhering to all other health, safety and social distancing measures required by governmental authorities.
As ofSeptember 30, 2021 , our production facilities inMexico andPeru were working at approximately 96% of their production capacity. As ofSeptember 30, 2021 , approximately 96% of the workforce inMexico and 71% of the workforce inPeru was working on site or at home under strict safety measures; the remaining labor force was not working, including all individuals at high risk due to age and/or preexisting medical conditions. We have fully restored exploration activities at all of our locations, except inArgentina where we are developing social and environmental programs for local communities.KEY MATTERS Below, we discuss several matters that we believe are important to understand the results of our operations and financial condition. These matters include, (i) our earnings, (ii) our production, (iii) our "operating cash costs" as a measure of our performance, (iv) metal prices, (v) business segments, (vi) the effect of inflation and other local currency issues, and (vii) our capital investment and exploration program.
Earnings: The table below highlights key financial and operational data of our
Company for the three and nine months ended
Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, 2021 2020 Variance % Change 2021 2020 Variance % Change Copper price LME 4.25 2.96 1.29 43.6 % 4.17 2.65 1.52 57.4 % Pounds of copper sold 506.2 590.5 (84.3) (14.3) % 1,550.6 1,740.8 (190.2) (10.9) %
Net sales$ 2,680.9 $ 2,129.1 $ 551.8 25.9 %$ 8,110.4 $ 5,634.2 $ 2,476.2 43.9 % Operating income$ 1,507.8 $ 943.9 $ 563.9 59.7 %$ 4,534.6 $ 2,054.3 $ 2,480.3 120.7 % Net income attributable to SCC$ 867.6 $ 506.0 $ 361.6 71.5 %$ 2,564.2 $ 980.3 $ 1,583.9 161.6 % Earnings per share$ 1.12 $ 0.65 $ 0.47 72.3 %$ 3.32 $ 1.27 $ 2.05 161.4 % Dividends per share$ 0.90 $ 0.40 $ 0.50 125.0 %$ 2.20 $ 1.00 $ 1.20 120.0 % Net sales in the third quarter of 2021 were 25.9% higher than in the same period of 2020, which was primarily attributable to higher metal prices for copper (+43.6%), molybdenum (+143.5%) and zinc (+28.3%), as well as to an increase in the sales volume of molybdenum (+5.7%) and zinc (+25.1%). This was slightly offset by a decrease in silver (-1.3%) prices as well as decreases in sales volume of copper (-14.3%) and silver (-18.6%).
Net income attributable to SCC in the third quarter of 2021 was 71.5% higher than in the same period of 2020. This growth was mainly attributable to the increase in metal prices and sales volumes mentioned above.
Net sales in the first nine months of 2021 were 43.9% higher than in the same period of 2020, which was primarily attributable to higher metal prices for copper (+57.4%), molybdenum (+71.4%), silver (+35.1%) and zinc (+33.4%). This was partially offset by decreases in sales volumes of copper (-10.9%), molybdenum (-1.9%), silver (-15.8%) and zinc (-9.1%).
Net income attributable to SCC in the first nine months of 2021 was 161.6% higher than in the same period of 2020. This growth was mainly attributable to the increase in metal prices.
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Production: The table below highlights our mine production data for the three
and nine months ended
Three months endedSeptember 30 ,
Nine months ended
2021 2020 Variance % Change 2021 2020 Variance % Change Copper (in million pounds) 540.5 543.6 (3.1) (0.6) % 1,588.8 1,635.0 (46.2) (2.8) % Molybdenum (in million pounds) 17.9 16.9 1.0 5.4 % 49.1 50.0 (0.9) (1.8) % Silver (in million ounces) 4.8 5.3 (0.5) (8.8) % 14.4 16.1 (1.7) (10.5) % Zinc (in million pounds) 37.2 37.9 (0.7) (1.8) % 111.3 115.0 (3.7) (3.3) %
The table below highlights our copper production data for the three and nine
months ended
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, Copper (in million pounds): 2021 2020 Variance % Change 2021 2020 Variance % Change Toquepala 130.4 132.5 (2.1) (1.5) % 389.0 415.2 (26.2) (6.3) % Cuajone 98.8 89.8 9.0 10.0 % 279.5 273.8 5.7 2.1 % La Caridad 68.5 75.6 (7.1) (9.4) % 213.8 223.9 (10.1) (4.5) % Buenavista 237.8 239.7 (1.9) (0.8) % 691.6 705.2 (13.6) (1.9) % IMMSA 5.0 6.0 (1.0) (16.7) % 14.9 16.9 (2.0) (11.6) % Total mined copper 540.5 543.6 (3.1) (0.6) % 1,588.8 1,635.0 (46.2) (2.8) %
Third quarter: Mined copper production in the third quarter of 2021 fell by 0.6% to 540.5 million pounds compared to 543.6 million pounds in the third quarter of 2020. This was mainly attributable to a drop in production at ourLa Caridad (-9.4%), Toquepala (-1.5%),Buenavista (-0.8%) and IMMSA (-16.7%) mines due to lower grades. This effect was offset by higher production at our Cuajone (+10.0%) mine due to higher ore grades. Molybdenum production increased 5.4% in the third quarter of 2021 compared to the levels registered in the third quarter of 2020. This was attributable to an increase in production at our Toquepala (+18.4%) andBuenavista (+19.3%) mines due to higher ore grades and recoveries. This effect was partially offset by a decrease in production at the Cuajone (-9.7%) andLa Caridad (-6.5%) mines
due to lower ore grades.
Silver mine production decreased 8.8% in the third quarter of 2021 due to a drop in production at the Toquepala (-16.2%),Buenavista (-20.8%),La Caridad (-9.9%) and IMMSA (-7.0%) operations. This was offset by a higher production at the Cuajone (+25.2%) mine. Zinc production decreased 1.8% in the third quarter of 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. This decrease was mainly attributable to lower production at theSanta Barbara (-9.3%) andCharcas (-3.3%) mines, which was partially offset by a higher production at theSan Martin mine (+16.4%). Nine months: Mined copper production in the first nine months of 2021 decreased 2.8% to 1,588.8 million pounds compared to 1,635.0 million pounds in the same period of 2020. This decrease was mainly attributable to a drop in production at our Toquepala (-6.3%),La Caridad (-4.5%),Buenavista (-1.9%) and IMMSA (-11.6%) mines mainly due to lower grades. This effect was slightly offset by a higher production at our Cuajone (+2.1%) mine. Molybdenum production decreased 1.8% in the first nine months of 2021 compared to the same period in 2020; this was mainly due to lower production at ourBuenavista (-13.1%) andLa Caridad (-0.4%) mines, which was partially offset by higher production at the Cuajone (+1.4%) and Toquepala (+2.0%) mines. Silver mine production decreased 10.5% in the first nine months of 2021; this was principally due to lower production at our Toquepala (-16.8%),Buenavista (-16.6%), IMMSA (-14.1%) andLa Caridad (-0.4%) operations, which was partially offset by higher production at the Cuajone (+15.7%) mine. 42 Table of Contents
Zinc production decreased 3.3% in the first nine months of 2021, which was
mainly attributable to a decrease in production at the
Operating Cash Costs: An overall benchmark that we use, which is a common industry metric to measure performance is operating cash costs per pound of copper produced. Operating cash cost is a non-GAAP measure that does not have a standardized meaning and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures provided by other companies. This non-GAAP information should not be considered in isolation or as substitute for measures of performance determined in accordance with GAAP. A reconciliation of our operating cash cost per pound of copper produced to the cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation, amortization and depletion) as presented in the consolidated statement of earnings is presented under the subheading, "Non-GAAP Information Reconciliation" on page 59. We disclose operating cash cost per pound of copper produced, both before and net of by-product revenues. We define operating cash cost per pound of copper produced before by-product revenues as cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation, amortization and depletion), plus selling, general and administrative charges, treatment and refining charges net of sales premiums; less the cost of purchased concentrates, workers' participation and other miscellaneous charges, including royalty charges, and the change in inventory levels; divided by total pounds of copper produced by our own mines.
In our calculation of operating cash cost per pound of copper produced, we exclude depreciation, amortization and depletion, which are considered non-cash expenses. Exploration is considered a discretionary expenditure and is also excluded. Workers' participation provisions are determined on the basis of pre-tax earnings and are also excluded. Additional exclusions from operating cash costs are items of a non-recurring nature and the mining royalty charge as it is based on various calculations of taxable income, depending on which jurisdiction,Peru orMexico , is imposing the charge. We believe these adjustments allow our management and stakeholders to more fully visualize our controllable cash cost, which we believe is one of the lowest of all copper-producing companies of similar size. We define operating cash cost per pound of copper produced net of by-product revenues as operating cash cost per pound of copper produced, as defined in the previous paragraph, less by-product revenues and net revenue (loss) on sale of metal purchased from third parties. In our calculation of operating cash cost per pound of copper produced, net of by-product revenues, we credit against our costs the revenues from the sale of all our by-products, including, molybdenum, zinc, silver, gold, etc. and the net revenue (loss) on sale of metals purchased from third parties. We disclose this measure including the by-product revenues in this way because we consider our principal business to be the production and sale of copper. As part of our copper production process, much of our by-products are recovered. These by-products, as well as the processing of copper purchased from third parties, are a supplemental part of our production process and their sales value contribute to covering part of our incurred fixed costs. We believe that our Company is viewed by the investment community as a copper company, and is valued, in large part, by the investment community's view of the copper market and our ability to produce copper at a reasonable cost. We believe that both of these measures are useful tools for our management and our stakeholders. Our cash costs before by-product revenues allow us to monitor our cost structure and address areas of concern within operating management. The measure operating cash cost per pound of copper produced net of by-product revenues is a common measure used in the copper industry and is a useful management tool that allows us to track our performance and better allocate our resources. This measure is also used in our investment project evaluation process to determine a project's potential contribution to our operations, its competitiveness and its relative strength in different price scenarios. The expected contribution of by-products is generally a significant factor used by the copper industry to determine whether to move forward or not in the development of a new mining project. As the price of our by-product commodities can have significant fluctuations from period to period, the value of its contribution to our costs can be volatile. 43
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Our operating cash cost per pound of copper produced, before and net of
by-product revenues, is presented in the table below for the three and nine
months ended
Operating cash cost per pound of copper produced (1) (In millions, except cost per pound and percentages) Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 2020 Variance % Change 2021 2020 Variance % Change Total operating cash cost before byproduct revenues$ 847.1 $ 713.8 $ 133.3 18.7 %$ 2,436.4 $ 2,134.1 $ 302.3 14.2 % Total byproduct revenues$ (543.4) $ (374.3) $ (169.1) 45.2 %$ (1,458.2) $ (1,035.9) $ (422.3) 40.8 % Total operating cash cost net of byproduct revenues$ 303.7 $ 339.5 $ (35.8) (10.5)
%
522.5 526.4 (3.9) (0.7) % 1,541.0 1,586.0 (45.0) (2.8) % Operating cash cost per pound before byproduct revenues$ 1.62 $ 1.36 $ 0.26 19.1 %$ 1.58 $ 1.35 $ 0.23 17.0 % Byproducts per pound revenues$ (1.04) $ (0.71) $ (0.33) 46.5 %$ (0.94) $ (0.66) $ (0.28) 42.4 % Operating cash cost per pound net of byproduct revenues$ 0.58 $ 0.65 $ (0.07) (10.8) %$ 0.64 $ 0.69 $ (0.05) (7.2) %
(1) These are non-GAAP measures. Please see page 59 for reconciliation to GAAP
measure.
(2) Net of metallurgical losses.
As seen in the table above, our per pound cash cost before by-product revenues in the third quarter of 2021 was 19.1% higher than in the same period of 2020. This increase was mainly attributable to an increase in production costs. Our cash cost per pound net of by-product revenue for the third quarter of 2021 decreased 10.8% when compared to the same period of 2020. This was mainly attributable to a significant increase in by-product revenues. For the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , our per pound cash cost before by-product revenues was 17.0% higher than in the same period of 2020. This increase was mainly driven by an increase in production costs and to the unit cost effect of lower production. The operating cash cost per pound of copper net of by-product revenues was$0.64 in the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This represented an improvement of 7.2% compared to the$0.69 reported in the same period of 2020 and was mainly due to a significant increase in by-product revenues.
Metal Prices: The profitability of our operations is dependent on, and our financial performance is significantly affected by, the international market prices for the products we produce, and for copper, molybdenum, zinc and silver in particular. We are subject to market risks arising from the volatility of copper and other metal prices. For the remaining three months of 2021, assuming that expected metal production and sales are achieved, tax rates remain unchanged and no effects are generated by potential hedging programs, metal price sensitivity factors would indicate the following change in estimated net income attributable to SCC resulting from metal price changes: Copper Molybdenum Zinc Silver Change in metal prices (per pound except silver-per ounce)$ 0.10 $ 1.00 $ 0.10 $ 1.00 Change in net earnings (in millions)$ 30.3 $ 9.5 $
3.4$ 3.6
Business Segments: We view our Company as having three reportable segments and manage it on the basis of these segments. These segments are (1) our Peruvian operations, (2) our Mexican open-pit operations and (3) our Mexican underground operations, known as our IMMSA unit. Our Peruvian operations include the Toquepala and Cuajone mine complexes and the smelting and refining plants, industrial railroad and port facilities that service both mines. The Peruvian operations produce copper, with significant by-product production of molybdenum, silver and other material. Our Mexican open-pit operations includeLa Caridad andBuenavista mine complexes, the smelting and refining plants and support facilities, which service both mines. The Mexican open pit operations produce copper, with significant by- 44 Table of Contents
product production of molybdenum, silver and other material. Our IMMSA unit includes five underground mines that produce zinc, lead, copper, silver and gold, and several industrial processing facilities for zinc, copper and silver.
Segment information is included in our review of "Results of Operations" in this item and also in Note 14 "Segment and Related Information" of our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Inflation and Exchange Rate Effect of the Peruvian Sol and the Mexican Peso: Our functional currency is theU.S. dollar and our revenues are primarily denominated inU.S. dollars. Significant portions of our operating costs are denominated in Peruvian sol and Mexican pesos. Accordingly, when inflation and currency devaluation/appreciation of the Peruvian currency and Mexican currency occur, our operating results can be affected. In recent years, we believe such changes have not had a material effect on our results and financial position. Please see Item 3. "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk" for more detailed information. Capital Investment Programs: We made capital investments of$695.5 million in the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , compared to$348.8 million in the same period of 2020. In general, the capital investments and investment projects described below are intended to increase production, decrease costs or address social and environmental commitments. Set forth below are descriptions of some of our current expected capital investment programs. We expect to meet the cash requirements for these projects by utilizing cash on hand; internally generated funds and additional external financing, including funding received inSeptember 2019 . All capital spending plans will continue to be reviewed and adjusted to respond to changes in the economy, market conditions or the COVID-19 pandemic. Projects inMexico : Buenavista Zinc - Sonora: This project is located within theBuenavista facility and includes the development of a new concentrator to produce approximately 100,000 tons of zinc and 20,000 tons of copper per year. We have completed the engineering study. In order to continue with the project, stronger preventive measures to combat COVID-19 have been put in place. Procurement has progressed 93% and all the main equipment is on site. Additionally, construction site works are in progress. The project has all the necessary permits. The project´s budget is$413 million , and we expect to initiate operations in 2023. As ofSeptember 30, 2021 , we had invested$196.8 million in this project. When completed, we anticipate that this new facility will double the Company's zinc production capacity and will provide 490 direct jobs and 1,470 indirect jobs.Pilares - Sonora: This project, located six kilometers fromLa Caridad , will be developed as an open-pit mine operation with an annual production capacity of 35,000 tons of copper in concentrate. A new 25-meter wide off-road facility for mining trucks has been built and will be used to transport the ore from the pit to the primary crushers at theLa Caridad copper concentrator. This will significantly improve the overall mineral ore grade (combining the 0.78% expected fromPilares with 0.34% fromLa Caridad ). The budget forPilares is$159 million and we expect the project to begin production in the first quarter of 2022. As ofSeptember 30, 2021 , we had invested$81.4 million in this project.El Pilar - Sonora: This is a low-capital intensity copper development project strategically located inSonora, Mexico , approximately 45 kilometers from ourBuenavista mine. Its copper oxide mineralization contains estimated proven and probable reserves of 281 million tons of ore with an average copper grade of 0.301%.El Pilar will operate as a conventional open-pit mine with an annual production capacity of 36,000 tons of copper cathodes. This operation will use highly cost efficient and environmentally friendly SX-EW technology. We estimate a development investment of approximately$310 million . The results from experimental pads in leaching process have confirmed adequate levels of copper recovery. We expect this project to start production in 2023 with an expected mine life of 13 years. The basic engineering study is finished and the Company continues developing project and site environmental activities. TheSan Martin mine recovery program. After eleven years of illegal stoppage, we resumed control of theSan Martin mine inAugust 2018 . TheSan Martin facilities deteriorated during this period but we made a major renovation and restarted operations during the second quarter of 2019. Currently, the mine has 200,000 tons of ore and the concentrator has initiated production. In 2020, we produced 14,361 tons of zinc, 2.8 million ounces of silver, 3,601 tons of copper, 45
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and 1,425 tons of lead. As ofSeptember 2021 , the Company had completed most of the rehabilitation plan to restore operations at theSan Martin mine with a total expense of approximately$90.1 million ; the mine has since reached full operating capacity. Projects inPeru :
Quebrada Honda dam expansion - Tacna: This project aims to enlarge the main and lateral dams in Quebrada Honda and includes the relocation of some facilities due to dam growth and implementation of other facilities for water recovery, among other factors. As ofSeptember 30, 2021 , the engineering study was complete. The majority of the main equipment and materials have been procured and are arriving according to schedule. Construction is in progress with work on three fronts. This project has a total budget of$140.0 million , of which we had committed$37.6 million and invested$89.3 million as ofSeptember 30, 2021 .Tia Maria - Arequipa: OnJuly 8, 2019 , we were granted the construction permit for this 120,000 ton annual SX-EW copper greenfield project with a total capital budget of$1,400 million . The Government awarded the permit after completing an exhaustive review process, complying with all established regulatory requirements and addressing all observations raised. The challenges surrounding the construction permit were overcome when onOctober 30, 2019 , theMining Council of thePeruvian Ministry of Energy and Mines ratified the construction permit for the Tia Maria project. The Company has been consistently working to promote the welfare of the Islay province population. As part of these efforts, we have implemented successful social programs in education, healthcare and productive development to improve the quality-of-life in the region. We also have promoted agricultural and livestock activities in theTambo Valley and supported growth in manufacturing, fishing and tourism in Islay. OnJanuary 7, 2021 , the mayor of the Islay province (Arequipa, Peru ) awarded a City Diploma to SPCC in recognition of the Company's efforts to assist the population of Islay during the COVID-19 pandemic. SPCC provided medical assistance, tests, oxygen, personal protection equipment and food stuffs to the population in the area of influence of the Tia Maria project. We consider that the initiation of construction activities at Tia Maria will generate significant economic opportunities for the Islay province and the Arequipa region. During the construction and operation phase, we will make it a priority to hire local labor to fill the 9,000 jobs (3,600 direct and 5,400 indirect) that we expect to generate duringTia Maria's construction phase. When operating, we expectTia Maria to directly employ 600 workers and indirectly provide jobs for another 4,200. Additionally, from day one of our operations, we will generate significant contributions to revenues in the Arequipa region
via royalties and taxes. We expect the Peruvian government to acknowledge the significant progress the project has made on the social front and the important contributions thatTia Maria will generate for Peru´s economy and, consequently, take the necessary steps to provide SCC with adequate support to initiate construction. This greenfield project, located inArequipa, Peru , will use state of the art SX-EW technology with the highest international environmental standards. SX-EW facilities are the most environmentally friendly in the industry due to their technical process with no emissions released into the atmosphere. Potential projects We have a number of other projects that we may develop in the future. We continuously evaluate new projects on the basis of our long-term corporate objectives, expected return on investment, environmental concerns, required investment and estimated production, among other considerations. All capital spending plans will continue to be reviewed and adjusted to respond to changes in the economy, market conditions or the COVID-19 pandemic.El Arco -Baja California : This is a world-class copper deposit located in the central part of theBaja California peninsula, with ore reserves of over 2.4 billion tons with an ore grade of 0.422%, 0.3 billion tons of leach material with an ore grade of 0.288% and 0.11 grams of gold per ton. This project envisions an open-pit mine with a combined 46
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concentrator and SX-EW operations, with an estimated production capacity of 190,000 tons of copper and 105,000 ounces of gold annually. The project has an estimated capital budget of$2.9 billion . The Company has started the baseline study and it is reviewing the basic engineering analysis to request the environmental impact permit. Several years back, we began to acquire the rights to all relevant mining concessions in the area; this process was completed
in 2020.
Los Chancas - Apurimac: This greenfield project, located in Apurimac,Peru , is a copper and molybdenum porphyry deposit. Current estimates indicate the presence of 545 million tons of mineralized material with a copper content of 0.59%, molybdenum content of 0.04% and 0.039 grams of gold per ton, as well as 181 million tons of mineralized leachable material with a total copper content of 0.357%.Los Chancas project envisions an open-pit mine with a combined operation of concentrator and SX-EW processes to produce 130,000 tons of copper and 7,500 tons of molybdenum anually. The estimated capital investment is$2,600 million and the project is expected to be in operation in 2027. In 2019, we continued to engage in social and environmental improvements for the local communities. In 2020,
we continued to work on these activities and in 2021 we are developing the environmental impact assessment for the project.
Michiquillay Project - Cajamarca: OnJune 12, 2018 ,Southern Copper signed a contract and made an initial payment of$12.5 million for the acquisition of the Michiquillay project inCajamarca, Peru . InJune 2021 , the Company paid an additional$12.5 million to acquire the project. The Company has created a multidisciplinary management team to plan the development of this project. As part of this plan, the Company has established contact with the local and regional authorities and communities in order to promote programs for the sustainable development of the area. In 2020, we continued to develop social and environmental programs for the local communities. OnSeptember 3, 2021 the Company signed a Social Agreement with theMichiquillay Community . Additionally, onOctober 1, 2021 thePeruvian Ministry of Energy and Mines approved the semi-detailed Environmental Impact Study for the project. The Social Agreement with the Michiquillay community represents an opportunity to improve the quality of life of the residents of Michiquillay via our strong social programs and backed by a solid framework for technical work at the project level. Talks for signing a similar agreement are being conducted with the La Encañada Community, where we expect positive results. These events are important steps that will allowSouthern Copper to initiate an in-depth exploration program in the first quarter of 2022. Michiquillay is a world class mining project with estimated mineralized material of 1,150 million tons with an estimated copper grade of 0.63%. When developed, we expect Michiquillay to produce 225,000 tons of copper per year (along with by-products of molybdenum, gold and silver) for an initial mine life of more than 25 years, at a competitive cash-cost. We estimate an investment of approximately$2.5 billion will be required and expect production start-up by 2028 and that Michiquillay will become one of Peru´s largest copper mines. The project will create significant business opportunities in the Cajamarca region; generate new jobs for the local communities and contribute with taxes and royalties to the local, regional and national governments. The information above is based on estimates only. We cannot make any assurances that we will undertake any of these projects or that the information noted
is accurate.
ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND GOVERNANCE ("ESG")
We are committed to improving our ESG record by adopting best practices. In this regard, our sustainable development policies were recently updated. These policies, applicable to SCC and its subsidiaries, formalize our vision, commitments and objectives to promote sustainable development and generate shared value for our stakeholders. For further information on our disclosure onHuman Capital Resources , see the section included in Part I, Item 1 of our Annual report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2020 . Also, see our disclosure on our COVID-19 response, environmental disclosure and support of our local communities elsewhere in this report. The Company has launched several programs and initiatives in all of the regions where we operate to help communities cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. InPeru , a partnership was established with the government inJuly 2021 to help vaccinate 40% of the population in the five regions where our operations are located.
The Company donated over$2.45 47 Table of Contents
million to help build, modernize, equip and operate vaccination centers. About
92% of the 850,000 vaccines contemplated in this initiative have been
administered by government personnel. To date, 91.4% of
The Mining Chamber of Mexico recognizedLa Caridad's mine, refinery and metallurgical plants for top safety performance in their respective categories in 2020.La Caridad mine received the "Silver Helmet" ("Casco de Plata ") in the category for open-pit mining operations with more than 500 employees whereas the refinery and metallurgical plants received the same distinction in the category for metallurgical plants and smelters with up to 500 employees.Southern Copper Corporation reaffirms its commitment to preserving and improving the environment by implementing actions to generate a net positive impact on biodiversity through our operations. To fulfil this commitment, which is outlined in the Company's Environmental Policy, we have developed action plans for biodiversity management that are aligned with the guide for Good Practice Guidance for Mining and Biodiversity published by theInternational Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM). These plans further improve the Company's capacity to implement effective mitigation measures and contribute to the preservation and improvement of the environment in which we operate. The government of Sonora recognizedSouthern Copper Corporation for being a "Culturally Responsible Company " for the voluntary initiatives implemented to promote and safeguard the state's history, culture and traditions. Three of the community programs launched by the Company were pinpointed as particularly relevant: theItinerant Documentary Cinema Workshop , which led to the creation of over 200 videos; the support provided for organizing the "FestivalAlfonso Ortiz Tirado " ("FAOT") in Nacozari andCananea ; and the creation of Youth Orchestras. These educational music programs, which are offered to more than 2,100 children in the communities surrounding our mining operations inMexico andPeru , have led to the creation of six orchestras and four choirs. CLIMATE CHANGESouthern Copper Corporation recognizes the importance and urgency of tackling climate change. The Company's operational greenhouse gases emissions have decreased significantly over the last three years despite an increase in production volumes. In addition, we strive to continuously reduce the carbon footprint of our operations and products. Peruvian operations: OnApril 17, 2018 , the Peruvian government enacted Law N. 30754, establishing a Climate Change Framework. Through this law, promoting public and private investments in climate change management is declared to be of national interest. The law proposes to create an institutional framework to address climate change inPeru , outlining new measures, particularly with respect to climate change mitigation. It includes, for example, provisions regarding: increasing carbon capture and use of carbon sinks; afforestation and reforestation practices; land use changes; and sustainable systems of transportation, solid waste management, and energy systems. This is the first climate change framework law inLatin America to incorporate obligations from the Paris Agreement. Regulations to this law were enacted by Supreme Decree 013-2019, which was published onDecember 31, 2019 and are applicable to all Peruvian institutions and agencies. It is expected that further Peruvian regulations will be applicable to non-governmental entities. The Company has initiated a multi-year process to align its reporting on climate change for its Peruvian operations with the recommendations of theTask Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures ("TCFD"). The Company is committed to the environment and to managing climate-related impacts. The Company's focus is to seek continuous improvement in the responsible use of natural resources while complying with strict applicable legal standards for prevention, mitigation, control and remediation of environmental impacts. Implementing continuous improvement in the Company's processes improves efficiency in the use and consumption of energy, water, and other natural resources. Mexican operations: Grupo Mexico, the indirect parent of SCC, has issued sustainability reports under theGlobal Reporting Initiative (GRI) for more than 10 years. Grupo Mexico also participates in different Mexican and international reporting programs such as the Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Mexico Program and CDP (formerly theCarbon Disclosure Project ).
In 2020, we also began to align our disclosure of efforts to manage climate-related risks and opportunities with the recommendations of the TCFD. Grupo Mexico's Sustainable Development Report 2020 included a section with specific details on our progress in this regard. The report, which can be accessed at
48 Table of Contents
https://www.gmexico.com/en/Pages/development.aspx, includes for the first time an analysis of the climate-related risks and opportunities that are most important to the Company's stakeholders.
We are referring our investors to Grupo Mexico's internet site for details on the aforementioned initiatives for informative purposes only. We do not intend the address to be an active link or to otherwise incorporate the contents of the website into this Report on Form 10-Q. Grupo Mexico strives to continuously reduce the carbon footprint of its operations and products to satisfy growing demand from its stakeholders (including authorities, clients and investors,
among others). ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES Our discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations, as well as quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risks, are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance withU.S. GAAP. Preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We make our best estimate of the ultimate outcome for these items based on historical trends and other information available when the financial statements are prepared. Changes in estimates are recognized in accordance with the accounting rules for the estimate, which is typically in the period when new information becomes available to management. Areas where the nature of the estimate makes it reasonably possible that actual results could materially differ from amounts estimated include: ore reserves, revenue recognition, ore stockpiles on leach pads and related amortization, estimated impairment of assets, asset retirement obligations, determination of discount rates related to the financial lease liabilities, classification of operating leases versus financial leases, valuation allowances for deferred tax assets, unrecognized tax benefits and fair value of financial instruments. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
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