Transocean Ltd. Reports Second Quarter 2021 Results

• Total contract drilling revenues were $656 million (total adjusted contract drilling revenues of $713 million), compared with $653 million in the first quarter of 2021 (total adjusted contract drilling revenues of $709 million);
  
• Revenue efficiency⁽¹⁾ was 98.0%, compared with 97.4% in the prior quarter;
• Operating and maintenance expense was $434 million, compared with $435 million in the prior period;
• Net loss attributable to controlling interest was $103 million, $0.17 per diluted share, compared with net loss attributable to controlling interest of $99 million, $0.16 per diluted share, in the first quarter of 2021;
• Adjusted EBITDA was $255 million, compared with adjusted EBITDA of $245 million in the prior quarter; and
• Contract backlog was $7.3 billion as of the July 2021 Fleet Status Report.

STEINHAUSEN, Switzerland, Aug. 02, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Transocean Ltd. (NYSE: RIG) today reported a net loss attributable to controlling interest of $103 million, $0.17 per diluted share, for the three months ended June 30, 2021.

Second quarter 2021 results included net favorable item of $6 million, or $0.1 per diluted share, related to discrete tax items. After consideration of this net favorable item, second quarter 2021 adjusted net loss was $109 million, $0.18 per diluted share, compared to $117 million adjusted net loss, $0.19 per diluted share, in the first quarter of 2021.

Contract drilling revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2021 increased sequentially by $3 million to $656 million, primarily due to three rigs that returned to work following a shipyard stay, partially offset by two rigs that went idle in the second quarter.

A non-cash revenue reduction of $57 million was recognized in the second quarter as a result of contract intangible amortization associated with the Songa and Ocean Rig acquisitions. This compares with $56 million in the prior quarter.

Operating and maintenance expense was $434 million, compared with $435 million in the prior quarter.

General and administrative expense was $39 million, in line with the first quarter of 2021.

Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized, was $115 million, in line with the first quarter of 2021. Interest income was $4 million, compared with $3 million in the previous quarter.

The Effective Tax Rate⁽²⁾ was (4.6)%, down from 17.8% in the prior quarter. The decrease was primarily due to higher earnings in jurisdictions with lower tax rates, releases of uncertain tax positions related to settlements and other various discrete items. The Effective Tax Rate excluding discrete items was (10.2)% compared to (5.7)% in previous quarter.

Cash flows provided by operating activities were $153 million, compared to $96 million in the prior quarter. This was primarily due to the timing of interest payments and reduced personnel-related payments.

Second quarter 2021 capital expenditures of $41 million were primarily related to our newbuild drillships under construction. This compares with $59 million in the previous quarter.

“Operationally, we delivered another solid quarter, with an Adjusted EBITDA Margin of 36% on Adjusted Revenue of $713 million,” said President and Chief Executive Officer, Jeremy Thigpen. “These better than anticipated results were driven largely by our continued focus on operational excellence, as evidenced by our strong uptime performance, which resulted in revenue efficiency of 98 percent.”

“During the quarter, we took meaningful steps to improve our liquidity by agreeing to delay delivery and payment of our two newbuild drillships, the Deepwater Atlas and the Deepwater Titan, ultimately deferring over $450 million of near-term capex. Additionally, we further improved our liquidity through the initiation of our ATM program that provides us with additional optionality. We will remain pragmatic yet disciplined in using this tool now and in the future.”

Thigpen concluded: “As we enter the back half of this year, we remain encouraged by the upcycle that is currently unfolding. Assuming oil prices remain supportive, we see utilization and dayrates for our ultra-deepwater assets materially improving as we move into 2022.”

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We present our operating results in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”). We believe certain financial measures, such as Adjusted Contract Drilling Revenues, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income, which are non-GAAP measures, provide users of our financial statements with supplemental information that may be useful in evaluating our operating performance. We believe that such non-GAAP measures, when read in conjunction with our operating results presented under U.S. GAAP, can be used to better assess our performance from period to period and relative to performance of other companies in our industry, without regard to financing methods, historical cost basis or capital structure. Such non-GAAP measures should be considered as a supplement to, and not as a substitute for, financial measures prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

All non-GAAP measure reconciliations to the most comparative U.S. GAAP measures are displayed in quantitative schedules on the company’s website at: www.deepwater.com.

About Transocean

Transocean is a leading international provider of offshore contract drilling services for oil and gas wells. The company specializes in technically demanding sectors of the global offshore drilling business with a particular focus on ultra-deepwater and harsh environment drilling services and believes that it operates one of the most versatile offshore drilling fleets in the world.

Transocean owns or has partial ownership interests in and operates a fleet of 37 mobile offshore drilling units consisting of 27 ultra-deepwater floaters and 10 harsh environment floaters. In addition, Transocean is constructing two ultra-deepwater drillships.

For more information about Transocean, please visit: www.deepwater.com.

Conference Call Information

Transocean will conduct a teleconference starting at 9 a.m. EDT, 3 p.m. CEST, on Tuesday, August 3, 2021, to discuss the results. To participate, dial [phone] and refer to conference code 1865445 approximately 10 minutes prior to the scheduled start time.

The teleconference will be simulcast in a listen-only mode at: www.deepwater.com, by selecting Investors, News, and Webcasts. Supplemental materials that may be referenced during the teleconference will be available at: www.deepwater.com, by selecting Investors, Financial Reports.

A replay of the conference call will be available after 12 p.m. EDT, 6 p.m. CEST, on Tuesday, August 3, 2021. The replay, which will be archived for approximately 30 days, can be accessed at [phone], passcode 1865445, pin 1126. The replay will also be available on the company’s website.

Forward-Looking Statements

The statements described herein that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These statements could contain words such as "possible," "intend," "will," "if," "expect," or other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations and assumptions, and are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. As a result, actual results could differ materially from those indicated in these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially include, but are not limited to, estimated duration of customer contracts, contract dayrate amounts, future contract commencement dates and locations, planned shipyard projects and other out-of-service time, sales of drilling units, timing of the company’s newbuild deliveries, operating hazards and delays, risks associated with international operations, actions by customers and other third parties, the fluctuation of current and future prices of oil and gas, the global and regional supply and demand for oil and gas, the intention to scrap certain drilling rigs, the success of our business following prior acquisitions, the effects of the spread of and mitigation efforts by governments, businesses and individuals related to contagious illnesses, such as COVID-19, and other factors, including those and other risks discussed in the company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, and in the company's other filings with the SEC, which are available free of charge on the SEC's website at: www.sec.gov. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize (or the other consequences of such a development worsen), or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those indicated or expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to the company or to persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by reference to these risks and uncertainties. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Each forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of the particular statement, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur, or which we become aware of, after the date hereof, except as otherwise may be required by law. All non-GAAP financial measure reconciliations to the most comparative GAAP measure are displayed in quantitative schedules on the company’s website at: www.deepwater.com.

This press release, or referenced documents, do not constitute an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, any securities, and do not constitute an offering prospectus within the meaning of the Swiss Financial Services Act (“FinSA”) or advertising within the meaning of the FinSA. Investors must rely on their own evaluation of Transocean and its securities, including the merits and risks involved. Nothing contained herein is, or shall be relied on as, a promise or representation as to the future performance of Transocean.

Notes

(1)

Revenue efficiency is defined as actual contract drilling revenues, excluding revenues for contract terminations and reimbursements, for the measurement period divided by the maximum revenue calculated for the measurement period, expressed as a percentage. Maximum revenue is defined as the greatest amount of contract drilling revenues the drilling unit could earn for the measurement period, excluding revenues for incentive provisions, reimbursements and contract terminations. See the accompanying schedule entitled “Revenue Efficiency.”

(2)

Effective Tax Rate is defined as income tax expense divided by income before income taxes. See the accompanying schedule entitled “Supplemental Effective Tax Rate Analysis.”

 

Analyst Contact:
Lexington May
[phone]

Media Contact:
Pam Easton
[phone]

TRANSOCEAN LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In millions, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

		Three months ended								Six months ended
		June 30,								June 30,
		2021				2020				2021				2020
Contract drilling revenues		$	656			$	930			$	1,309			$	1,689
Costs and expenses
Operating and maintenance			434				525				869				1,065
Depreciation and amortization			186				196				373				402
General and administrative			39				45				78				88
			659				766				1,320				1,555
Loss on impairment			—				(429	)			—				(597	)
Gain (loss) on disposal of assets, net			1				1				(58	)			—
Operating loss			(2	)			(264	)			(69	)			(463	)
Other income (expense), net
Interest income			4				4				7				13
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized			(115	)			(153	)			(230	)			(313	)
Gain (loss) on retirement of debt			—				4				51				(53	)
Other, net			14				(56	)			23				(44	)
			(97	)			(201	)			(149	)			(397	)
Loss before income tax expense			(99	)			(465	)			(218	)			(860	)
Income tax expense (benefit)			4				32				(17	)			28
Net loss			(103	)			(497	)			(201	)			(888	)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest			—				—				1				1
Net loss attributable to controlling interest		$	(103	)		$	(497	)		$	(202	)		$	(889	)
Loss per share, basic and diluted		$	(0.17	)		$	(0.81	)		$	(0.33	)		$	(1.45	)
Weighted average shares, basic and diluted			621				615				619				615

TRANSOCEAN LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In millions, except share data)

(Unaudited)

		June 30,				December 31,
		2021				2020
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$	988			$	1,154
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $2 at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020			539				583
Materials and supplies, net of allowance of $145 and $143 at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively			433				434
Restricted cash and cash equivalents			502				406
Other current assets			156				163
Total current assets			2,618				2,740
Property and equipment			23,054				23,040
Less accumulated depreciation			(5,718	)			(5,373	)
Property and equipment, net			17,336				17,667
Contract intangible assets			280				393
Deferred income taxes, net			8				9
Other assets			956				995
Total assets		$	21,198			$	21,804
Liabilities and equity
Accounts payable		$	198			$	194
Accrued income taxes			8				28
Debt due within one year			536				505
Other current liabilities			577				659
Total current liabilities			1,319				1,386
Long-term debt			6,991				7,302
Deferred income taxes, net			325				315
Other long-term liabilities			1,251				1,366
Total long-term liabilities			8,567				8,983
Commitments and contingencies
Shares, CHF 0.10 par value, 891,379,015 authorized, 142,363,647 conditionally authorized, 685,676,165 issued
and 634,629,502 outstanding at June 30, 2021, and 824,650,660 authorized, 142,363,647 conditionally
authorized, 639,676,165 issued and 615,140,276 outstanding at December 31, 2020			62				60
Additional paid-in capital			13,578				13,501
Accumulated deficit			(2,068	)			(1,866	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss			(264	)			(263	)
Total controlling interest shareholders’ equity			11,308				11,432
Noncontrolling interest			4				3
Total equity			11,312				11,435
Total liabilities and equity		$	21,198			$	21,804

TRANSOCEAN LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In millions)

(Unaudited)

		Six months ended
		June 30,
		2021				2020
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss		$	(201	)		$	(888	)
Adjustments to reconcile to net cash provided by operating activities:
Contract intangible asset amortization			113				101
Depreciation and amortization			373				402
Share-based compensation expense			14				15
Loss on impairment			—				597
Loss on impairment of investment in unconsolidated affiliates			—				59
Loss on disposal of assets, net			58				—
(Gain) loss on retirement of debt			(51	)			53
Deferred income tax expense			11				30
Other, net			14				32
Changes in deferred revenues, net			(72	)			(10	)
Changes in deferred costs, net			7				(4	)
Changes in other operating assets and liabilities, net			(17	)			(348	)
Net cash provided by operating activities			249				39
Cash flows from investing activities
Capital expenditures			(100	)			(153	)
Proceeds from disposal of assets, net			7				3
Investments in loans to unconsolidated affiliates			(33	)			—
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates			—				(6	)
Net cash used in investing activities			(126	)			(156	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Repayments of debt			(239	)			(1,009	)
Proceeds from issuance of shares, net of issue costs			66				—
Proceeds from issuance of debt, net of issue costs			—				743
Other, net			(20	)			(18	)
Net cash used in financing activities			(193	)			(284	)
Net decrease in unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents			(70	)			(401	)
Unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period			1,560				2,349
Unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents, end of period		$	1,490			$	1,948

TRANSOCEAN LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
FLEET OPERATING STATISTICS
		Three months ended												Six months ended
		June 30,				March 31,				June 30,				June 30,				June 30,
Contract Drilling Revenues (in millions)		2021				2021				2020				2021				2020
Contract drilling revenues
Ultra-deepwater floaters		$	424			$	436			$	636			$	860			$	1,164
Harsh environment floaters			232				217				293				449				513
Midwater floaters			—				—				1				—				12
Total contract drilling revenues		$	656			$	653			$	930			$	1,309			$	1,689
		Three months ended												Six months ended
		June 30,				March 31,				June 30,				June 30,				June 30,
Average Daily Revenue (1)		2021				2021				2020				2021				2020
Ultra-deepwater floaters		$	363,500			$	371,600			$	296,500			$	367,500			$	314,800
Harsh environment floaters			379,900				377,800				331,900				378,900				317,000
Midwater floaters			—				—				99,400				—				111,400
Total fleet average daily revenue		$	369,400			$	373,700			$	307,800			$	371,500			$	311,300
		Three months ended												Six months ended
		June 30,				March 31,				June 30,				June 30,				June 30,
Utilization (2)		2021				2021				2020				2021				2020
Ultra-deepwater floaters			48	%			48	%			61	%			48	%			61	%
Harsh environment floaters			73	%			65	%			80	%			69	%			71	%
Midwater floaters			—	%			—	%			25	%			—	%			37	%
Total fleet average rig utilization			55	%			53	%			66	%			54	%			63	%
		Three months ended												Six months ended
		June 30,				March 31,				June 30,				June 30,				June 30,
Revenue Efficiency (3)		2021				2020				2020				2021				2020
Ultra-deepwater floaters			98	%			97	%			98	%			98	%			98	%
Harsh environment floaters			98	%			98	%			97	%			98	%			93	%
Midwater floaters			—	%			—	%			79	%			—	%			86	%
Total fleet average revenue efficiency			98	%			97	%			97	%			98	%			96	%
(1) Average daily revenue is defined as contract drilling revenues, excluding revenues for contract terminations, reimbursements and contract intangible amortization, earned per operating day. An operating day is defined as a calendar day during which a rig is contracted to earn a dayrate during the firm contract period after commencement of operations.
(2) Rig utilization is defined as the total number of operating days divided by the total number of rig calendar days in the measurement period, expressed as a percentage.
(3) Revenue efficiency is defined as actual contract drilling revenues, excluding revenues for contract terminations and reimbursements, for the measurement period divided by the maximum revenue calculated for the measurement period, expressed as a percentage. Maximum revenue is defined as the greatest amount of contract drilling revenues the drilling unit could earn for the measurement period, excluding revenues for incentive provisions, reimbursements and contract terminations.

 

TRANSOCEAN LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES AND RECONCILIATIONS
ADJUSTED NET INCOME (LOSS) AND ADJUSTED DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
(In millions, except per share data)
			YTD				QTD				YTD
			06/30/21				06/30/21				03/31/21
Adjusted Net Loss
Net loss attributable to controlling interest, as reported			$	(202	)		$	(103	)		$	(99	)
Loss on disposal of assets, net				60				—				60
Gain on retirement of debt				(51	)			—				(51	)
Discrete tax items				(33	)			(6	)			(27	)
Net loss, as adjusted			$	(226	)		$	(109	)		$	(117	)
Adjusted Diluted Loss Per Share:
Diluted loss per share, as reported			$	(0.33	)		$	(0.17	)		$	(0.16	)
Loss on disposal of assets, net				0.10				—				0.10
Gain on retirement of debt				(0.08	)			—				(0.08	)
Discrete tax items				(0.06	)			(0.01	)			(0.05	)
Diluted loss per share, as adjusted			$	(0.37	)		$	(0.18	)		$	(0.19	)

		YTD				QTD				YTD				QTD				YTD				QTD				YTD
		12/31/20				12/31/20				09/30/20				09/30/20				06/30/20				06/30/20				03/31/20
Adjusted Net Loss
Net income (loss) attributable to controlling interest, as reported		$	(567	)		$	(37	)		$	(530	)		$	359			$	(889	)		$	(497	)		$	(392	)
Restructuring costs			5				(1	)			6				5				1				1				—
Loss on impairment of assets			597				—				597				—				597				430				167
Loss on disposal of assets, net			61				—				61				61				—				—				—
Loss on impairment of investment in unconsolidated affiliates			62				3				59				—				59				59				—
(Gain) loss on restructuring and retirement of debt			(533	)			(137	)			(396	)			(449	)			53				(4	)			57
Discrete tax items			(91	)			(37	)			(54	)			(45	)			(9	)			10				(19	)
Net loss, as adjusted		$	(466	)		$	(209	)		$	(257	)		$	(69	)		$	(188	)		$	(1	)		$	(187	)
Adjusted Diluted Loss Per Share:
Diluted earnings (loss) per share, as reported		$	(0.92	)		$	(0.06	)		$	(0.86	)		$	0.51			$	(1.45	)		$	(0.81	)		$	(0.64	)
Restructuring costs			0.01				—				0.01				0.01				—				—				—
Loss on impairment of assets			0.97				—				0.97				—				0.97				0.70				0.28
Loss on disposal of assets, net			0.10				—				0.10				0.09				—				—				—
Loss on impairment of investment in unconsolidated affiliates			0.10				—				0.10				—				0.10				0.10				—
(Gain) loss on restructuring and retirement of debt			(0.87	)			(0.22	)			(0.65	)			(0.65	)			0.09				(0.01	)			0.09
Discrete tax items			(0.15	)			(0.06	)			(0.09	)			(0.07	)			(0.02	)			0.02				(0.03	)
Diluted loss per share, as adjusted		$	(0.76	)		$	(0.34	)		$	(0.42	)		$	(0.11	)		$	(0.31	)		$	—			$	(0.30	)

TRANSOCEAN LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES AND RECONCILIATIONS
ADJUSTED CONTRACT DRILLING REVENUES
EARNINGS BEFORE INTEREST, TAXES, DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION AND RELATED MARGINS
(In millions, except percentages)
			YTD				QTD				YTD
			06/30/21				06/30/21				03/31/21
Contract drilling revenues			$	1,309			$	656			$	653
Contract intangible asset amortization				113				57				56
Adjusted Contract Drilling Revenues			$	1,422			$	713			$	709
Net loss			$	(201	)		$	(103	)		$	(98	)
Interest expense, net of interest income				223				111				112
Income tax expense (benefit)				(17	)			4				(21	)
Depreciation and amortization				373				186				187
Contract intangible asset amortization				113				57				56
EBITDA				491				255				236
Loss on disposal of assets, net				60				—				60
Gain on retirement of debt				(51	)			—				(51	)
Adjusted EBITDA			$	500			$	255			$	245
EBITDA margin				35		%		36		%		33		%
Adjusted EBITDA margin				35		%		36		%		35		%

		YTD				QTD				YTD				QTD				YTD				QTD				YTD
		12/31/20				12/31/20				09/30/20				09/30/20				06/30/20				06/30/20				03/31/20
Contract drilling revenues		$	3,152			$	690			$	2,462			$	773			$	1,689			$	930			$	759
Contract intangible asset amortization			215				57				158				57				101				53				48
Adjusted Contract Drilling Revenues		$	3,367			$	747			$	2,620			$	830			$	1,790			$	983			$	807
Net income (loss)		$	(568	)		$	(39	)		$	(529	)		$	359			$	(888	)		$	(497	)		$	(391	)
Interest expense, net of interest income			554				115				439				139				300				149				151
Income tax expense (benefit)			27				23				4				(24	)			28				32				(4	)
Depreciation and amortization			781				189				592				190				402				196				206
Contract intangible asset amortization			215				57				158				57				101				53				48
EBITDA			1,009				345				664				721				(57	)			(67	)			10
Restructuring costs			5				(1	)			6				5				1				1				—
Loss on impairment of assets			597				—				597				—				597				429				168
Loss on disposal of assets, net			61				—				61				61				—				—				—
(Gain) loss on restructuring and retirement of debt			(533	)			(137	)			(396	)			(449	)			53				(4	)			57
Loss on impairment of investment in unconsolidated affiliates			62				3				59				—				59				59				—
Adjusted EBITDA		$	1,201			$	210			$	991			$	338			$	653			$	418			$	235
EBITDA margin			30		%		46		%		25		%		87		%		(3	)	%		(7	)	%		1		%
Adjusted EBITDA margin			36		%		28		%		38		%		41		%		36		%		43		%		29		%

TRANSOCEAN LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SUPPLEMENTAL EFFECTIVE TAX RATE ANALYSIS
(In millions, except tax rates)
		Three months ended												Six months ended
		June 30,				March 31,				June 30,				June 30,				June 30,
		2021				2021				2020				2021				2020
Loss before income taxes		$	(99	)		$	(119	)		$	(465	)		$	(218	)		$	(860	)
Restructuring costs			—				—				1				—				1
Loss on impairment of assets			—				—				429				—				597
Loss on disposal of assets, net			—				60				—				60				—
Loss on impairment of investment in unconsolidated affiliates			—				—				59				—				59
(Gain) loss on retirement of debt			—				(51	)			(4	)			(51	)			53
Adjusted income (loss) before income taxes		$	(99	)		$	(110	)			20			$	(209	)			(150	)
Revenues recognized for the settlement of disputes											(157	)							(157	)
Adjusted loss before income taxes for determining effective tax rate										$	(137	)						$	(307	)
Income tax expense (benefit)		$	4			$	(21	)		$	32			$	(17	)		$	28
Restructuring costs			—				—				—				—				—
Loss on impairment of assets			—				—				(1	)			—				—
Loss on disposal of assets, net			—				—				—				—				—
Loss on impairment of investment in unconsolidated affiliates			—				—				—				—				—
(Gain) loss on retirement of debt			—				—				—				—				—
Changes in estimates (1)			6				27				(8	)			33				11
Revenues recognized for the settlement of disputes			—				—				(2	)			—				(2	)
Adjusted income tax expense (2)		$	10			$	6			$	21			$	16			$	37
Effective Tax Rate (3)			(4.6	)	%		17.8		%		(6.8	)	%		7.7		%		(3.2	)	%
Effective Tax Rate, excluding discrete items (4)			(10.2	)	%		(5.7	)	%		(15.0	)	%		(7.8	)	%		(12.0	)	%
(1) Our estimates change as we file tax returns, settle disputes with tax authorities, or become aware of changes in laws and other events that have an effect on our (a) deferred taxes, (b) valuation allowances on deferred taxes and (c) other tax liabilities.
(2) The three months ended June 30, 2021 included $2 million of additional tax expense, reflecting the cumulative effect of an increase in the annual effective tax rate from the previous quarter estimate.
(3) Our effective tax rate is calculated as income tax expense divided by income before income taxes.
(4) Our effective tax rate, excluding discrete items, is calculated as income tax expense, excluding various discrete items (such as changes in estimates and tax on items excluded from income before income taxes), divided by income before income tax expense, excluding gains and losses on sales and similar items pursuant to the accounting standards for income taxes related to estimating the annual effective tax rate.