References in this report (the "Quarterly Report") to "we," "us" or the "Company" refer to Tuscan Holdings Corp. References to our "management" or our "management team" refer to our officers and directors, references to the "Sponsor" refer to Tuscan Holdings Acquisition LLC. The following discussion and analysis of the Company's financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report includes "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Exchange Act that are not historical facts and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expected and projected. All statements, other than statements of historical fact included in this Form 10-Q including, without limitation, statements in this "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" regarding the Company's financial position, business strategy and the plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. Words such as "expect," "believe," "anticipate," "intend," "estimate," "seek" and variations and similar words and expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements relate to future events or future performance, but reflect management's current beliefs, based on information currently available. A number of factors could cause actual events, performance or results to differ materially from the events, performance and results discussed in the forward-looking statements. For information identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, please refer to the Risk Factors section of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). The Company's securities filings can be accessed on the EDGAR section of the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. Except as expressly required by applicable securities law, the Company disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.





Overview


We are a blank check company incorporated on November 5, 2018 as a Delaware corporation and formed for the purpose of entering into a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, recapitalization, reorganization or similar Business Combination with one or more businesses or entities. We intend to effectuate our initial Business Combination using cash from the proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Private Units, our capital stock, debt or a combination of cash, stock and debt.

Our entire activity since inception relates to our formation, to prepare for our Initial Public Offering, which was consummated on March 7, 2019, and identifying a company for a Business Combination.

Special Meeting to Extend Combination Period

We have scheduled a special meeting of stockholders for December 3, 2020, pursuant to which, among other matters, we will seek stockholder approval to extend the Combination Period from December 7, 2020 to April 30, 2021 (the "Extension Meeting"). Our public stockholders will be able to elect to redeem their shares in connection with the Extension Meeting for a pro rata portion of the amount then on deposit in the Trust Account ($10.00 per share, plus any pro rata interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account and not previously released to us to pay franchise and income taxes). There is no assurance that our stockholders will vote to approve the extension of time with which we have to complete a Business Combination. If we do not obtain stockholder approval, we would wind up its affairs and liquidate.





Results of Operations


Our only activities from November 5, 2018 (inception) through September 30, 2020 were organizational activities, those necessary to consummate the Initial Public Offering, described below, and, after the Initial Public Offering, searching for a target company for a Business Combination. We do not expect to generate any operating revenues until after the completion of our Business Combination. We generate non-operating income in the form of interest income on marketable securities held in the Trust Account. We incur expenses as a result of being a public company (for legal, financial reporting, accounting and auditing compliance), as well as for due diligence expenses.

For the three months ended September 30,2020, we had a net loss of $101,287, which consisted of operating costs of $174,340 and an unrealized loss on marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $532,988, offset by interest income on marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $579,117 and an income tax benefit of $26,924.

For the nine months ended September 30,2020, we had net income of $1,501,571, which consisted of interest income on marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $2,589,682, offset by operating costs of $654,803, an unrealized loss on marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $33,021, and a provision for income taxes of $400,287.

For the three months ended September 30, 2019, we had net income of $896,594, which consisted of interest income on marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $1,577,268 and an unrealized gain on marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $187,306, offset by operating costs of $262,271 and a provision for income taxes of $231,097.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we had net income of $2,444,728, which consisted of interest income on marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $3,657,526 and an unrealized gain on marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $35,094, offset by operating costs of $527,663 and a provision for income taxes of $650,041.





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Liquidity and Capital Resources

On March 7, 2019, we consummated our Initial Public Offering of 24,000,000 Units, at a price of $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds of $240,000,000. Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, we consummated the sale of 615,000 Private Units to our Sponsor and EarlyBirdCapital and its designee, generating gross proceeds of $6,150,000.

On March 12, 2019, in connection with the underwriters' exercise of their over-allotment option in full, we consummated the sale of an additional 3,600,000 Units at a price of $10.00 per Unit, generating total gross proceeds of $36,000,000. In addition, we also consummated the sale of an additional 72,000 Private Units to our Sponsor and EarlyBirdCapital and its designee at $10.00 per Private Unit, generating total gross proceeds of $720,000.

Following the Initial Public Offering, the exercise of the over-allotment option and the sale of the Private Units, a total of $276,000,000 was placed in the Trust Account. We incurred $6,059,098 in Initial Public Offering related costs, including $5,520,000 of underwriting fees, and $539,098 of other costs.

As of September 30, 2020, we had marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $282,180,433 (including approximately $6,180,000 of interest income and unrealized gains) consisting of U.S. treasury bills with a maturity of 180 days or less. Interest income on the balance in the Trust Account may be used by us to pay taxes. Through September 30, 2020, we withdrew approximately $1,417,000 of interest earned on the Trust Account to pay our franchise and income tax obligations, of which approximately $479,000 was withdrawn during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, cash used in operating activities was $563,890. Net income of $1,501,571 was affected by interest earned on marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $2,589,682, an unrealized loss on marketable securities held in our Trust Account of $33,021 and a deferred income tax benefit of $34,003. Changes in operating assets and liabilities provided $525,203 of cash from operating activities.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, cash used in operating activities was $1,115,949. Net income $2,444,728 was affected by interest earned on marketable securities held in the trust account of $3,657,526, an unrealized gain on marketable securities held in our trust account of $35,094 and a deferred income tax provision of $7,370. Changes in operating assets and liabilities provided $69,125 of cash from operating activities.

We intend to use substantially all of the funds held in the Trust Account, to acquire a target business and to pay our expenses relating thereto, including a fee payable to EarlyBirdCapital, upon consummation of our initial Business Combination for assisting us in connection with our initial Business Combination. To the extent that our capital stock is used in whole or in part as consideration to effect a Business Combination, the remaining funds held in the Trust Account will be used as working capital to finance the operations of the target business. Such working capital funds could be used in a variety of ways including continuing or expanding the target business' operations, for strategic acquisitions and for marketing, research and development of existing or new products. Such funds could also be used to repay any operating expenses or finders' fees which we had incurred prior to the completion of our Business Combination if the funds available to us outside of the Trust Account were insufficient to cover such expenses.

As of September 30, 2020, we had cash of $255,886. We intend to use the funds held outside the Trust Account for identifying and evaluating prospective acquisition candidates, performing business due diligence on prospective target businesses, traveling to and from the offices, plants or similar locations of prospective target businesses, reviewing corporate documents and material agreements of prospective target businesses, selecting the target business to acquire and structuring, negotiating and consummating the Business Combination.

On April 20, 2020, the Sponsor committed to provide us an aggregate of $500,000 in loans. The loans shall be non-interest bearing, unsecured and due upon the consummation of a Business Combination. In the event that a Business Combination does not close, the loans would be repaid only out of funds held outside the Trust Account to the extent such funds are available. Otherwise, all amounts loaned to us would be forgiven.

On April 21, 2020, we issued an unsecured promissory note to the Sponsor in the aggregate amount of $300,000 (the "Note"). The Note is non-interest bearing and payable upon the consummation of a Business Combination. The Note is convertible, at the lender's option, into units of the post Business Combination entity at a price of $10.00 per unit. The units would be identical to the Private Units. If a Business Combination is not consummated, the notes will not be repaid by us and all amounts owed thereunder by us will be forgiven except to the extent that we have funds available to it outside of its Trust Account. As of September 30, 2020, there was $200,000 outstanding under the Note.

In order to fund working capital deficiencies or finance transaction costs in connection with a Business Combination, the Sponsor or our officers and directors or their affiliates may, but are not obligated to, loan us funds on a non-interest basis as may be required, except as described above. If we complete our initial Business Combination, we would repay such loaned amounts. In the event that our initial Business Combination does not close, we may use a portion of the working capital held outside the Trust Account to repay such loaned amounts but no proceeds from our Trust Account would be used for such repayment. Up to $1,500,000 of notes may be convertible into Private Units, at a price of $10.00 per unit. The units would be identical to the Private Units.





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If our estimates of the costs of identifying a target business, undertaking in-depth due diligence and negotiating an initial Business Combination are less than the actual amount necessary to do so, we may have insufficient funds available to operate our business prior to our Business Combination. Moreover, we may need to obtain additional financing either to complete our Business Combination or because we become obligated to redeem a significant number of our public shares upon completion of our Business Combination, in which case we may issue additional securities or incur debt in connection with such Business Combination. If we are unable to complete our initial Business Combination because we do not have sufficient funds available to us, we will be forced to cease operations and liquidate the Trust Account.

Off-Balance Sheet Financing Arrangements

We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2020.





Contractual Obligations


We do not have any long-term debt, capital lease obligations, operating lease obligations or long-term liabilities other than an agreement to pay an affiliate of our Sponsor a monthly fee of $10,000 for office space, utilities and secretarial and administrative support. We began incurring these fees on March 5, 2019 and will continue to incur these fees monthly until the earlier of the completion of the Business Combination and our liquidation.

We have engaged EarlyBirdCapital to act as an advisor in connection with a Business Combination, to assist us in holding meetings with our shareholders to discuss the potential Business Combination and the target business' attributes, introduce us to potential investors that are interested in purchasing our securities in connection with a Business Combination, assist us in obtaining shareholder approval for the Business Combination and assist us with our press releases and public filings in connection with the Business Combination. We will pay EarlyBirdCapital a cash fee for such services upon the consummation of a Business Combination in an amount equal to $9,660,000 (exclusive of any applicable finders' fees which might become payable); provided that up to 30% of the fee may be allocated at our sole discretion to other FINRA members that assist us in identifying and consummating a Business Combination.





Critical Accounting Policies


The preparation of condensed financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and income and expenses during the periods reported. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. We have identified the following critical accounting policies:

Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption

We account for common stock subject to possible redemption in accordance with the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 480 "Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity." Common stock subject to mandatory redemption is classified as a liability instrument and is measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable common stock (including common stock that feature redemption rights that is either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within our control) is classified as temporary equity. At all other times, common stock is classified as stockholders' equity. Our common stock features certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of our control and subject to occurrence of uncertain future events. Accordingly, common stock subject to possible redemption is presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the stockholders' equity section of our condensed balance sheets.





Net Loss Per Common Share


We apply the two-class method in calculating earnings per share. Common stock subject to possible redemption which is not currently redeemable and is not redeemable at fair value, have been excluded from the calculation of basic net loss per common share since such shares, if redeemed, only participate in their pro rata share of the Trust Account earnings. Our net income is adjusted for the portion of income that is attributable to common stock subject to possible redemption, as these shares only participate in the earnings of the Trust Account and not our income or losses.

Recent Accounting Standards

Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on our condensed financial statements.


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