Many markets have shortened trading hours, and others are mulling whether to follow suit.

Here are some of the measures taken by exchanges across the world so far:

ASIA

INDIA

** The Reserve Bank of India cut trading hours for bonds and foreign exchange to four hours between April 7 to 17

** India's market regulator halved position limits for certain stock futures, restricted short-selling of index derivatives and raised margin rates for some shares in a bid to curb "abnormally high" volatility.

** The measures went into effect on March 23 and are set to continue for one month

PHILIPPINES

** On March 17, the Philippines became the first country to suspend trade only to reopen later that week after the government exempted financial trading platforms from a strict coronavirus quarantine procedures.

THAILAND

** The country revised its circuit breaker rules that will last until the end of June

** New rules will see a 8% drop trigger a 30-minute halt in trade; a 15% fall to initiate a 30-minute halt, while a 20% plunge will see it halted for an hour

SOUTH KOREA

** Earlier in March, South Korea tightened short-selling rules for three months from March 11

** Stocks with a sudden and abnormal increase in short-selling transactions will be suspended from further short-selling for 10 days, compared with a the current limit of one day

** Stocks on the KOSPI that drop 5% or more and where daily short-selling transactions are up by three or more times the average of the previous 40 days will be subject to the new rule

INDONESIA

** The country's central bank and financial regulator to cut trading hours for the currency and stock markets

** The stock exchange tightened circuit breaker rules, where a more than 5% drop on its main stock index will see trading halted by 30 minutes, compared with the 10% previously

** If the index's losses extend to 10% when trading resumes, it will be halted for a further half hour

** The exchange has also changed mechanisms for individual stock prices, and trading will now be halted if there is a 10% move, down from a previous 20-35%

** There is also a ban on short-selling: the exchange removed all stocks on a list where it was allowed until further notice

EUROPE

AUSTRIA

** The financial markets regulator banned short-selling on the Vienna stock exchange until April 18

GREECE

** The country's securities regulator banned short-selling on the Athens stock exchange until April 24 to shield the equities market from volatility

ITALY

** From March 17, market regulator Consob suspended short-selling on the Milan stock market for three months.

SPAIN

** Imposed a one-month ban on short-selling, which it said could be extended.

FRANCE

** France banned short-selling on 92 stocks on March 17

TURKEY

** A ban on short selling has been in place in Turkey since late February following an air strike that killed dozens of Turkish troops

AFRICA

SOUTH AFRICA

** The Johannesburg Stock Exchange decided against shortening trading hours, but its head said JSE would strictly enforce rules prohibiting uncovered, or naked short-selling and lengthen the mandatory halts to trading circuit breakers.

MIDDLE EAST

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

** Shares in the United Arab Emirates stock exchanges will be allowed to drop a daily maximum of 5% from their previous day closing price, state news agency WAM reported.

(Reporting by Nikhil Kurian Nainan in Bengaluru; Editing by Vidya Ranganathan, Arun Koyyur, Aditya Soni and Vinay Dwivedi)