Cash flow Kraken Robotics Inc.

Stocks

PNG

CA50077N1024

Aerospace & Defense

Market Closed - Toronto S.E. 04:00:00 2026-08-27 pm EDT			5-day change	1st Jan Change
5.400 ^CAD	-6.25%		-6.90%	-15.62%

Aug. 27	Kraken Robotics Inc., Q2 2026 Earnings Call, Aug 27, 2026
Aug. 27	Kraken Robotics Inc. Reports Earnings Results for the Second Quarter and Six Months Ended June 30, 2026	CI

0dd.Qme0qFxE5dfM342zoMwrOjmpaYWfkuvJsRmMxsFSkK8.BFbGnyYDl7W9j9eA__t_DwzGKOqryKD52UvIrpRl0eIzFPjOayWrkpib3A

Published financial data: KRAKEN ROBOTICS INC.

Annual

Quarterly

Halfyear

YTD

LTM

Fiscal Period: December	2021 (CAD)	2022 (CAD)	2023 (CAD)	2024 (CAD)	2025 (CAD)
Revenues	25.63M	40.91M	69.58M	91.29M	102M
Total Revenues	25.63M	40.91M	69.58M	91.29M	102M
Cost of Goods Sold, Total	14.31M	23.87M	35.62M	46.6M	38.76M
Gross Profit	11.32M	17.04M	33.96M	44.69M	63.44M
Selling General & Admin Expenses, Total	7.74M	11.51M	16.4M	19.82M	32.17M
Stock-Based Compensation (IS)	433K	797K	378K	948K	2.34M
R&D Expenses	1.72M	628K	3.47M	4.17M	6.31M
Depreciation & Amortization - (IS)	2.91M	4.78M	4.94M	5.73M	9.08M
Other Operating Expenses, Total	12.8M	17.72M	25.18M	30.66M	49.9M
Operating Income	-1.48M	-683K	8.78M	14.03M	13.54M
Interest Expense, Total	-1.3M	-1.98M	-1.48M	-2.44M	-3.54M
Interest And Investment Income	-	-	-	688K	2.2M
Net Interest Expenses	-1.3M	-1.98M	-1.48M	-1.75M	-1.33M
Currency Exchange Gains (Loss)	29.23K	-301K	-975K	-43K	-1.1M
Other Non Operating Income (Expenses)	-	-	-	-	-
EBT, Excl. Unusual Items	-2.75M	-2.96M	6.33M	12.24M	11.11M
Restructuring Charges	-	-	-	-	-3.96M
Merger & Related Restructuring Charges	-534K	-850K	-1.13M	-212K	-1.03M
Impairment of Goodwill	-	-	-2.76M	-	-
Gain (Loss) On Sale Of Investments	-	-	-	-	-
Gain (Loss) On Sale Of Assets	349	-207K	-3K	3K	-
Other Unusual Items	-357K	-1.28M	3.89M	-	-
EBT, Incl. Unusual Items	-3.64M	-5.3M	6.32M	12.03M	6.13M
Income Tax Expense	-106K	-1.06M	776K	-8.06M	3.27M
Earnings From Continuing Operations	-3.54M	-4.24M	5.55M	20.09M	2.86M
Net Income to Company	-3.54M	-4.24M	5.55M	20.09M	2.86M
Minority Interest	-	-	-	-	-
Net Income - (IS)	-3.54M	-4.24M	5.55M	20.09M	2.86M
Net Income to Common Incl Extra Items	-3.54M	-4.24M	5.55M	20.09M	2.86M
Net Income to Common Excl. Extra Items	-3.54M	-4.24M	5.55M	20.09M	2.86M
Per Share Items
Net EPS - Basic	-0.02	-0.02	0.03	0.09	0.01
Basic EPS - Continuing Operations	-0.02	-0.02	0.03	0.09	0.01
Basic Weighted Average Shares Outstanding	182M	201M	206M	227M	284M
Net EPS - Diluted	-0.02	-0.02	0.03	0.09	0.01
Diluted EPS - Continuing Operations	-0.02	-0.02	0.03	0.09	0.01
Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding	182M	201M	207M	231M	294M
Normalized Basic EPS	-0.01	-0.01	0.02	0.03	0.02
Normalized Diluted EPS	-0.01	-0.01	0.02	0.03	0.02
Supplemental Items
EBITDA	589K	3.02M	12.76M	18.4M	20.17M
EBITA	-678K	862K	10.2M	15.43M	16.5M
EBIT	-1.48M	-683K	8.78M	14.03M	13.54M
EBITDAR	-	-	-	-	-
Total Revenues (As Reported)	25.63M	40.91M	-	-	102M
Effective Tax Rate - (Ratio)	2.91	19.97	12.27	-67.02	53.31
Total Current Taxes	70.54K	31K	213K	1.66M	2.66M
Total Deferred Taxes	-177K	-1.09M	563K	-9.72M	606K
Normalized Net Income	-1.72M	-1.85M	3.95M	7.65M	6.95M
Interest on Long-Term Debt	553K	763K	510K	340K	728K
Supplemental Operating Expense Items
Advertising Expense	-	-	-	-	-
Selling and Marketing Expenses	-	-	-	-	-
General and Administrative Expenses	7.74M	11.51M	16.4M	19.82M	32.17M
Research And Development Expense From Footnotes	6.06M	6.25M	5.29M	6.23M	7.86M
Net Rental Expense, Total	-	-	-	-	-
Imputed Operating Lease Interest Expense	-	-	-	-	-
Imputed Operating Lease Depreciation	-	-	-	-	-
Stock-Based Comp., Other (Total)	433K	797K	378K	948K	2.34M
Total Stock-Based Compensation	433K	797K	378K	948K	2.34M

Fiscal Period: December	2021 (CAD)	2022 (CAD)	2023 (CAD)	2024 (CAD)	2025 (CAD)
Assets
Cash And Equivalents	6.75M	8.26M	5.17M	58.52M	121M
Total Cash And Short Term Investments	6.75M	8.26M	5.17M	58.52M	121M
Accounts Receivable, Total	6.75M	14.36M	18.55M	35.11M	37.33M
Other Receivables	2.12M	2.28M	2.42M	2.31M	6.41M
Total Receivables	8.87M	16.64M	20.96M	37.42M	43.74M
Inventory	14.98M	11.37M	16.52M	19.06M	34.66M
Prepaid Expenses	1.12M	1.56M	1.42M	2.77M	10.57M
Other Current Assets, Total	-	-	-	-	-
Total Current Assets	31.72M	37.83M	44.08M	118M	209M
Gross Property Plant And Equipment	22.22M	25.38M	31.25M	30.92M	67.26M
Accumulated Depreciation	-3.54M	-6.76M	-9.92M	-9.44M	-13.1M
Net Property Plant And Equipment	18.68M	18.62M	21.33M	21.47M	54.16M
Long-term Investments	-	-	-	-	-
Goodwill	7.26M	7.26M	4.5M	4.51M	16.42M
Other Intangibles, Total	7.52M	6.66M	6.09M	5.9M	17.03M
Loans Receivable Long-Term	-	-	-	-	-
Deferred Tax Assets Long-Term	-	982K	419K	10.16M	14.26M
Other Long-Term Assets, Total	288K	23K	-	2.8M	2.34M
Total Assets	65.47M	71.36M	76.42M	163M	314M
Liabilities
Accounts Payable, Total	10.67M	11.22M	17.16M	18.76M	23.16M
Short-term Borrowings	4.94M	6.37M	9.65M	-	-
Current Portion of Long-Term Debt	231K	5.09M	813K	754K	1.1M
Current Portion of Leases	991K	853K	1.84M	1.06M	2.63M
Current Income Taxes Payable	51.05K	20K	148K	1.7M	4.44M
Unearned Revenue Current, Total	4.64M	11.82M	10.85M	1.08M	6.6M
Other Current Liabilities	3.84M	4.5M	-	-	-
Total Current Liabilities	25.36M	39.86M	40.46M	23.36M	37.91M
Long-Term Debt	5.51M	938K	1.1M	15.02M	22.68M
Long-Term Leases	3.59M	3.02M	2.8M	2.5M	11.74M
Deferred Tax Liability Non Current	135K	-	-	-	2.01M
Other Non Current Liabilities	3.27M	3.89M	-	-	-
Total Liabilities	37.86M	47.71M	44.36M	40.88M	74.34M
Common Stock, Total	47.42M	48.84M	52.68M	122M	236M
Additional Paid In Capital	3.19M	2.7M	1.67M	1.81M	3.98M
Retained Earnings	-23.09M	-27.33M	-21.79M	-1.7M	1.16M
Comprehensive Income and Other	85.07K	-552K	-510K	-270K	-1.89M
Total Common Equity	27.6M	23.66M	32.06M	122M	239M
Minority Interest	-	-	-	-	-
Total Equity	27.6M	23.66M	32.06M	122M	239M
Total Liabilities And Equity	65.47M	71.36M	76.42M	163M	314M
Supplemental Items
ECS Total Shares Outstanding on Filing Date	201M	206M	208M	263M	307M
ECS Total Common Shares Outstanding	201M	202M	206M	263M	307M
Book Value / Share	0.14	0.12	0.16	0.46	0.78
Tangible Book Value	12.83M	9.74M	21.46M	111M	206M
Tangible Book Value Per Share	0.06	0.05	0.1	0.42	0.67
Total Debt	15.26M	16.26M	16.2M	19.34M	38.14M
Net Debt	8.51M	8M	11.03M	-39.18M	-82.36M
Debt Equivalent Oper. Leases	-	-	-	-	-
Minority Interest, Total (Incl. Fin. Div)	-	-	-	-	-
Account Code - Inventory Valuation	5	5	5	6	6
Inventories - Raw Materials, Total	11.42M	8.88M	15.4M	15.43M	24.74M
Inventories - Work In Process, Total	3.56M	2.48M	1.12M	3.63M	9.93M
Machinery, Total	10.45M	13.21M	18.37M	21.57M	36.5M
Full Time Employees	225	211	244	283	433
Accumulated Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (Supple)	232K	400K	384K	204K	1.68M

Fiscal Period: December	2021 (CAD)	2022 (CAD)	2023 (CAD)	2024 (CAD)	2025 (CAD)
Net Income	-3.54M	-4.24M	5.55M	20.09M	2.86M
Depreciation & Amortization - CF	2.11M	3.22M	3.52M	3.94M	5.73M
Amortization of Goodwill and Intangible Assets - (CF)	803K	1.54M	1.42M	1.4M	2.96M
Depreciation & Amortization, Total	2.91M	4.77M	4.94M	5.34M	8.68M
Amortization of Deferred Charges, Total - (CF)	-	12K	-	387K	395K
(Gain) Loss From Sale Of Asset	-349	207K	3K	-3K	-
(Gain) Loss on Sale of Investments - (CF)	-	-	-	-	-
Asset Writedown & Restructuring Costs	-	-	2.76M	-	-
Stock-Based Compensation (CF)	433K	797K	378K	948K	2.34M
Other Operating Activities, Total	866K	1.05M	-2.6M	-8.92M	5.78M
Change In Accounts Receivable	-4.31M	-7.77M	-3.8M	-15.67M	-5.74M
Change In Inventories	-6.58M	2.88M	-4.06M	-2.54M	-15.61M
Change In Accounts Payable	3.12M	521K	6.07M	761K	4.4M
Change in Unearned Revenues	-4.12M	7.18M	-969K	-9.76M	5.51M
Change In Deferred Taxes	-	-	-	-	-
Change in Other Net Operating Assets	208K	-167K	162K	-2.22M	-7.14M
Cash from Operations	-11.01M	5.24M	8.43M	-11.59M	1.49M
Capital Expenditure	-5.5M	-5.14M	-7.56M	-3.6M	-26.5M
Sale of Property, Plant, and Equipment	-	1.78M	-	-	-
Cash Acquisitions	-2.77M	-	-	-	-23.76M
Sale (Purchase) of Intangible assets	-34.82K	-	-	-1.55M	-3.79M
Investment in Marketable and Equity Securities, Total	-	-	-	-	-
Other Investing Activities, Total	1.06M	-	-2.25M	-	-
Cash from Investing	-7.24M	-3.37M	-9.81M	-5.15M	-54.05M
Short Term Debt Issued, Total	4.23M	1.41M	3.28M	-	-
Long-Term Debt Issued, Total	1.14M	112K	1.33M	14.68M	10.9M
Total Debt Issued	5.37M	1.52M	4.61M	14.68M	10.9M
Short Term Debt Repaid, Total	-1.45M	-	-	-9.65M	-
Long-Term Debt Repaid, Total	-793K	-1.31M	-6.13M	-2.34M	-3.67M
Total Debt Repaid	-2.24M	-1.31M	-6.13M	-12M	-3.67M
Issuance of Common Stock	10.3M	135K	188K	68.4M	110M
Other Financing Activities, Total	-1.51M	-391K	-828K	-1.21M	-2.52M
Cash from Financing	11.92M	-41K	-2.16M	69.88M	115M
Foreign Exchange Rate Adjustments	156K	-319K	443K	204K	-313K
Net Change in Cash	-6.17M	1.51M	-3.09M	53.34M	61.99M
Supplemental Items
Cash Interest Paid	419K	391K	828K	1.21M	2.19M
Levered Free Cash Flow	-10.97M	2.54M	-6.42M	-18.2M	-29.68M
Unlevered Free Cash Flow	-10.16M	3.78M	-5.49M	-16.68M	-27.48M
Change In Net Working Capital	7.04M	-3.77M	8.74M	26.97M	17.07M
Net Debt Issued / Repaid	3.13M	215K	-1.52M	2.69M	7.23M

Fiscal Period: December	2021 (CAD)	2022 (CAD)	2023 (CAD)	2024 (CAD)	2025 (CAD)
Profitability
Return on Assets	-1.85	-0.62	7.42	7.34	3.55
Return on Total Capital	-2.9	-1.03	12.44	9.26	4.04
Return On Equity %	-16.22	-16.56	19.91	26.12	1.58
Return on Common Equity	-16.22	-16.56	19.91	26.12	1.58
Margin Analysis
Gross Profit Margin %	44.16	41.65	48.8	48.96	62.07
SG&A Margin	30.19	28.15	23.56	21.72	31.48
EBITDA Margin %	2.3	7.38	18.34	20.16	19.73
EBITA Margin %	-2.64	2.11	14.66	16.9	16.14
EBIT Margin %	-5.78	-1.67	12.61	15.36	13.25
Income From Continuing Operations Margin %	-13.8	-10.37	7.97	22.01	2.8
Net Income Margin %	-13.8	-10.37	7.97	22.01	2.8
Net Avail. For Common Margin %	-13.8	-10.37	7.97	22.01	2.8
Normalized Net Income Margin	-6.71	-4.53	5.68	8.38	6.8
Levered Free Cash Flow Margin	-42.8	6.21	-9.22	-19.93	-29.04
Unlevered Free Cash Flow Margin	-39.63	9.24	-7.9	-18.27	-26.88
Asset Turnover
Asset Turnover	0.51	0.6	0.94	0.76	0.43
Fixed Assets Turnover	2.02	2.19	3.48	4.27	2.7
Receivables Turnover (Average Receivables)	6.13	3.88	4.23	3.4	2.82
Inventory Turnover (Average Inventory)	1.24	1.81	2.55	2.62	1.44
Short Term Liquidity
Current Ratio	1.25	0.95	1.09	5.04	5.53
Quick Ratio	0.62	0.62	0.65	4.11	4.33
Operating Cash Flow to Current Liabilities	-0.43	0.13	0.21	-0.5	0.04
Days Sales Outstanding (Average Receivables)	59.59	94.16	86.3	107.56	129.34
Days Outstanding Inventory (Average Inventory)	294.68	201.41	142.86	139.72	252.92
Average Days Payable Outstanding	132.54	197.14	127.02	133.77	140.69
Cash Conversion Cycle (Average Days)	221.73	98.43	102.14	113.51	241.56
Long Term Solvency
Total Debt/Equity	55.3	68.76	50.54	15.88	15.94
Total Debt / Total Capital	35.61	40.74	33.57	13.71	13.75
LT Debt/Equity	32.97	16.74	12.16	14.39	14.38
Long-Term Debt / Total Capital	21.23	9.92	8.08	12.42	12.4
Total Liabilities / Total Assets	57.84	66.85	58.05	25.14	23.7
EBIT / Interest Expense	-1.14	-0.34	5.95	5.76	3.83
EBITDA / Interest Expense	1.1	2.06	9.3	7.95	6.29
(EBITDA - Capex) / Interest Expense	-3.13	-0.53	4.18	6.48	-1.21
Total Debt / EBITDA	10.65	3.98	1.18	1	1.72
Net Debt / EBITDA	5.94	1.96	0.8	-2.02	-3.71
Total Debt / (EBITDA - Capex)	-3.75	-15.37	2.63	1.23	-8.92
Net Debt / (EBITDA - Capex)	-2.09	-7.56	1.79	-2.48	19.26
Growth Over Prior Year
Total Revenues, 1 Yr. Growth %	108.79	59.62	70.09	31.2	11.96
Gross Profit, 1 Yr. Growth %	94.39	50.52	99.31	31.62	41.96
EBITDA, 1 Yr. Growth %	-116	245.99	323.04	47.37	9.57
EBITA, 1 Yr. Growth %	-83.68	-318.23	1.08K	51.31	6.92
EBIT, 1 Yr. Growth %	-66.72	-42.99	-1.38K	59.83	-3.45
Earnings From Cont. Operations, 1 Yr. Growth %	-32.15	19.96	-230.71	262.22	-85.76
Net Income, 1 Yr. Growth %	-32.15	19.96	-230.71	262.22	-85.76
Normalized Net Income, 1 Yr. Growth %	-46.96	20.05	-313.43	93.44	-9.18
Diluted EPS Before Extra, 1 Yr. Growth %	-43.53	8.77	-227.67	228.19	-88.68
Accounts Receivable, 1 Yr. Growth %	317.39	112.64	29.22	89.29	6.31
Inventory, 1 Yr. Growth %	84.24	-24.1	45.33	15.36	81.89
Net Property, Plant and Equip., 1 Yr. Growth %	178.39	-0.32	14.55	0.68	152.2
Total Assets, 1 Yr. Growth %	88.01	9.01	7.08	112.79	92.9
Tangible Book Value, 1 Yr. Growth %	-12.16	-24.06	120.31	418.68	84.94
Common Equity, 1 Yr. Growth %	72.39	-14.3	35.53	279.72	96.6
Cash From Operations, 1 Yr. Growth %	-487.17	-147.58	60.91	-237.53	-112.85
Capital Expenditures, 1 Yr. Growth %	174.62	-6.44	46.91	-52.39	636.58
Levered Free Cash Flow, 1 Yr. Growth %	-446.76	-123.55	-352.43	183.64	63.12
Unlevered Free Cash Flow, 1 Yr. Growth %	-398.96	-137.86	-245.38	203.53	64.76
Compound Annual Growth Rate Over Two Years
Total Revenues, 2 Yr. CAGR %	30.08	82.56	64.77	49.39	21.2
Gross Profit, 2 Yr. CAGR %	29.93	71.05	73.2	61.96	36.69
EBITDA, 2 Yr. CAGR %	-41.86	-9.51	282.58	146.99	27.07
EBITA, 2 Yr. CAGR %	-45.28	-54.44	408.11	323.1	27.2
EBIT, 2 Yr. CAGR %	-31.72	-60.83	170.66	353.18	24.22
Earnings From Cont. Operations, 2 Yr. CAGR %	8.51	-9.78	25.22	117.59	-28.19
Net Income, 2 Yr. CAGR %	1.54	-9.78	25.22	117.59	-28.19
Normalized Net Income, 2 Yr. CAGR %	-20.06	-24.42	60.07	103.19	32.55
Diluted EPS Before Extra, 2 Yr. CAGR %	-8.82	-21.62	17.85	104.7	-39.05
Accounts Receivable, 2 Yr. CAGR %	38.7	197.91	65.76	56.39	41.86
Inventory, 2 Yr. CAGR %	53.97	18.25	5.02	29.48	44.86
Net Property, Plant and Equip., 2 Yr. CAGR %	143.06	66.59	6.86	7.39	59.35
Total Assets, 2 Yr. CAGR %	90.23	43.16	8.04	50.95	102.6
Tangible Book Value, 2 Yr. CAGR %	24.82	-18.32	29.34	238.04	209.72
Common Equity, 2 Yr. CAGR %	69.01	21.55	7.77	126.85	173.23
Cash From Operations, 2 Yr. CAGR %	48.18	35.73	-12.5	48.76	-57.97
Capital Expenditures, 2 Yr. CAGR %	82.93	60.29	17.24	-16.37	87.27
Levered Free Cash Flow, 2 Yr. CAGR %	34.66	-10.37	-22.9	167.58	115.1
Unlevered Free Cash Flow, 2 Yr. CAGR %	31.04	5.47	-25.81	110.06	123.63
Compound Annual Growth Rate Over Three Years
Total Revenues, 3 Yr. CAGR %	56.33	39.26	78.3	52.72	35.69
Gross Profit, 3 Yr. CAGR %	59.2	36.46	79.99	58.05	55
EBITDA, 3 Yr. CAGR %	-44.36	20.05	51.31	176.36	88.37
EBITA, 3 Yr. CAGR %	-43.21	-27.52	34.92	239.31	167.5
EBIT, 3 Yr. CAGR %	-28.09	-40.09	25.4	127.08	170.66
Earnings From Cont. Operations, 3 Yr. CAGR %	7.43	12.21	2.09	78.42	-12.32
Net Income, 3 Yr. CAGR %	9.19	7.35	2.09	78.42	-12.32
Normalized Net Income, 3 Yr. CAGR %	-10.36	-11.71	6.83	70.5	55.36
Diluted EPS Before Extra, 3 Yr. CAGR %	-7.56	-3.29	-7.78	65.8	-22.02
Accounts Receivable, 3 Yr. CAGR %	74.44	59.93	125.51	73.26	37.51
Inventory, 3 Yr. CAGR %	72.72	21.63	26.66	8.36	45.01
Net Property, Plant and Equip., 3 Yr. CAGR %	117.4	80.58	47.04	4.76	42.74
Total Assets, 3 Yr. CAGR %	67.11	58.01	29.95	35.43	63.81
Tangible Book Value, 3 Yr. CAGR %	32.66	5.77	13.7	105.49	176.48
Common Equity, 3 Yr. CAGR %	51.32	34.77	26.04	63.99	116.29
Cash From Operations, 3 Yr. CAGR %	19.16	1.47	43.65	1.74	-34.24
Capital Expenditures, 3 Yr. CAGR %	173.22	46.29	55.7	-13.18	72.71
Levered Free Cash Flow, 3 Yr. CAGR %	57.44	-25.1	26.58	19.02	126.89
Unlevered Free Cash Flow, 3 Yr. CAGR %	53.91	-13.87	17.38	18.66	93.72
Compound Annual Growth Rate Over Five Years
Total Revenues, 5 Yr. CAGR %	62.41	63.2	59.65	43.23	52.79
Gross Profit, 5 Yr. CAGR %	55.38	60.55	64.66	46.14	61.23
EBITDA, 5 Yr. CAGR %	-15.47	0.97	30.13	60.21	40.49
EBITA, 5 Yr. CAGR %	-13.55	-22.11	22.48	46.79	31.78
EBIT, 5 Yr. CAGR %	1.08	-25.65	17.12	34.58	24.93
Earnings From Cont. Operations, 5 Yr. CAGR %	20.02	12.1	14.22	46.24	-11.31
Net Income, 5 Yr. CAGR %	20.02	12.1	15.34	42.41	-11.31
Normalized Net Income, 5 Yr. CAGR %	14.24	-0.92	10.61	23.23	16.46
Diluted EPS Before Extra, 5 Yr. CAGR %	0.18	-5.11	1.87	30.53	-21.86
Accounts Receivable, 5 Yr. CAGR %	75.79	68.56	70.92	58.51	87.34
Inventory, 5 Yr. CAGR %	68.08	47.63	41.55	24.71	33.65
Net Property, Plant and Equip., 5 Yr. CAGR %	154.15	63.26	63.64	46.69	51.84
Total Assets, 5 Yr. CAGR %	97.32	68.47	40.36	55.15	55.21
Tangible Book Value, 5 Yr. CAGR %	79.47	78.65	31.33	68.35	69.76
Common Equity, 5 Yr. CAGR %	104.48	113.33	32.11	65.98	71.76
Cash From Operations, 5 Yr. CAGR %	46.49	20.77	5.31	18.25	-12.13
Capital Expenditures, 5 Yr. CAGR %	110.84	36.9	94.77	16.97	67.63
Levered Free Cash Flow, 5 Yr. CAGR %	55.16	15.41	17.95	24.64	56.49
Unlevered Free Cash Flow, 5 Yr. CAGR %	52.87	25.34	14.55	23.03	51.9