"The new instrument will have to be effective, while being proportionate and containing sufficient safeguards to preserve the impetus of Member States towards a sound fiscal policy," she told the ECB's annual forum in Sintra, Portugal.

With the ECB set to raise interest rates for the first time in a decade next month, Lagarde said the central bank will move gradually but with the option to act decisively on any deterioration in medium-term inflation, especially if there are signs of a de-anchoring of inflation expectations.

(Reporting By Francesco Canepa; editing by Balazs Koranyi)