Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Information
This report includes "forward-looking statements" that are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors. All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements including continued compliance with government regulations, changing legislation or regulatory environments; any statements of expectation or belief and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. These risks, uncertainties and other factors, and the general risks associated with the businesses of the Company described in the reports and other documents filed with theSEC , could cause actual results to differ materially from those referred to in the forward-looking statements. The Company cautions readers not to rely on these forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to the Company and are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. The Company anticipates that subsequent events and developments may cause its views to change. The information contained in this report speaks as of the date hereof and the Company has or undertakes no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise unless required by law. Company OverviewEvolutionary Genomics, Inc. (the "registrant" or "Company") was incorporated under the laws of the state ofMinnesota inNovember 1990 under the nameFonahome Corporation . OnMarch 24, 2009 , the Company reincorporated in the state ofNevada and merged with its wholly owned subsidiary,Fona, Inc. , adopting the surviving company's name,Fona, Inc. and simultaneously adopted the capital structure ofFona, Inc. , which includes total authorized capital stock of 800,000,000 shares, of which 780,000,000 are common stock and 20,000,000 are blank check preferred stock. The preferred stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series with such designations, preferences and relative participating, optional or other special rights and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, as shall be stated in the resolutions adopted by the Corporation's Board providing for the issuance of such preferred stock or series thereof.
OnJune 6, 2014 ,Evolutionary Genomics, Inc. , aDelaware corporation merged withFona, Inc. treated as a reverse acquisition withEvolutionary Genomics, Inc. as the acquirer and Fona as the acquired party. Subsequent to the Merger,Fona, Inc. was renamedEvolutionary Genomics, Inc. and our subsidiary was renamed fromEvolutionary Genomics, Inc. toEG Crop Science, Inc. OnMay 9, 2016 , we formedICAM Therapeutics, Inc. (aDelaware corporation) as a wholly owned subsidiary ofEvolutionary Genomics, Inc. We have not incurred any transactions in this company nor have we established any business plan for the future. The Company maintains headquarters at the office of its Chief Executive Officer. The Company maintains a website at www.evolgen.com. The Company is not required to deliver an annual report to security holders and at this time does not anticipate the distribution of such a report. The Company will file reports
with theSEC . OnAugust 14, 2000 , the Company was issued patent number 6274319, titled "Methods to identify evolutionarily significant changes in polynucleotide and polypeptide sequences in domestic plants and animals". OnJune 1, 2004 , the Company was issued patent number 6743580, titled "Methods for producing transgenic plants containing evolutionarily significant polynucleotides". These patents are for the core Adapted Traits Platform that we use for the discovery of genes in humans, animals and commercial crops. The Company has applied the Adapted Traits Platform in research projects including identifying genes believed to be responsible for increases in yield in corn, increases in yield in rice, salt tolerance and sugar content in tomatoes and pest/disease resistance in soybeans, bananas and multiple other crops. In the past century, agriculture has been characterized by enhanced productivity, the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, selective breeding, mechanization, water contamination, and farm subsidies. Proponents of organic farming such as SirAlbert Howard argued in the early 20th century that the overuse of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers damages the long-term fertility of the soil. While this feeling lay dormant for decades, as environmental awareness has increased in the 21st century there has been a movement towards sustainable agriculture by some farmers, consumers, and policymakers. Advances in genetic research and modification of crop species have led to increased yield, drought tolerance and disease/pest resistance. These advances have also led to an increased concentration within the providers of seed and production companies. The top companies control much of the implementation of new plant varieties through patents and licensing agreements. Genetic traits providers, likeEvolutionary Genomics , identify and develop genes that impact traits of interest to the industry and market those genes to these companies. 13 Business Model
Evolutionary Genomics' primary source of revenue throughJune 30, 2020 had been contract services revenue and notes payable funding for research performed byEvolutionary Genomics on behalf of other commercial entities and grant income received from governmental agencies, industry associations and grant making foundations for research performed. Ownership of the intellectual property in these projects varies fromEvolutionary Genomics retaining all intellectual property rights to retaining none of the developed intellectual property for the crop that is the subject of the project. In addition to contract services revenue for research,Evolutionary Genomics intends to continue to pursue grant funding from governmental agencies, industry associations and grant making foundations. These sources of funding are often subject to limitations in available funds, funding priorities in areas other than our area of focus, political uncertainties, long approval processes and competition with other research proposals. Licensing revenue can be lump sum payments, milestone payments upon achievement of defined goals and/or percentages of revenue for products sold by licensee. These payments are often many years after completion of gene identification project as licensees engage in significant additional testing including field trials prior to integration into licensee commercial germplasm lines. There can be no guarantee that these licensing agreements will result in any additional revenue forEvolutionary Genomics as further development of licensed intellectual property is mostly controlled by the licensee. The goal of the grant funded research projects was to discover genetic intellectual properties with commercial value.Evolutionary Genomics' soybean pest resistance project is a multiple year illustration of the evolution of a project from concept through marketing to seed companies. The project has yielded identified genes for pest resistance in soybeans with partial validation complete.Evolutionary Genomics has partially completed two generation, whole plant validation testing but has decided to postpone further testing indefinitely to focus resources on our banana project. The Company has extended this soybean pest resistance research to other crops including beans, tomatoes, cotton and maize and has identified candidate genes. Further research on these crops is dependent on revenue from our banana project or additional capital funding. If we are able to complete additional validation testing, we intend to market these genes to the seed industry. Our banana pest resistance project is another project illustration. We identified a gene (FusR1) in bananas that appears to confer resistance to Fusarium Fungus which leads to Panama Disease. We marketed the gene to banana companies and, inAugust 2020 , executed a Development and Commercialization Agreement ("DCA") withDole Food Company ("Dole") which includes three years of development work funded by Dole and the framework for a long-term licensing relationship. While Dole is supplying significant funding for the three-year development of this banana gene in the form of promissory notes, there can be no assurance that this development work will lead to licensing revenue as there are many risks involved in genetic trait development.
The single most valuable step in the process of crop improvement is the identification of the key genes among the 30,000 or more in the genome that has the desired impact. The Company has identified pest/disease resistance genes in bananas, soybeans and other commercially valuable crops. If validation testing of these genes is successful, we will market them to the industry. This strategy requiresEvolutionary Genomics to incur significant research costs prior to any confirmation of commercial viability and there can be no guarantee that the desired results can be achieved or that commercialization can be reached. During the 1950s the global banana industry was devastated by a disease (caused by Fusarium fungus) that effectively wiped out the predominate variety of commercial bananas know as Gros Michel leading to the development of the Cavendish banana, which makes up well over 90% of the commercial banana market today. Cavendish was resistant to the strain of Fusarium that wiped out the Gros Michel variety but, in recent years, is being challenged by a new race of Fusarium that threatens to, once again, devastate the global banana industry. This crisis is imminent and has no solution. The recent emergence ofPanama Disease TR4 in the Western Hemisphere makes a swift solution to the crisis even more urgent. A substantial part of the banana market consists of exports from Central andSouth America tothe United States . 14 In 2018, the Company began a project to identify genes in wild banana relatives that are resistant to Fusarium. We have previously used our technology to identify genes in common beans and, in our project for theBill and Melinda Gates Foundation in common beans, proved that these genes provided increased resistance to Fusarium fungus. We used our platform to isolate a banana gene that controls Fusarium Wilt (FW), aka Panama Disease, Tropical Race 4. The gene, which we have named FusR1 (Fusarium Resistance 1), is a native gene in Musa species, including cultivated bananas. We have found that, for all FW-resistant banana cultivars/species that we have tested, one version of our gene exists while, in all FW-sensitive banana cultivars/species that we have tested, there is a different version of FusR1. And notably, a third version exists in semi-resistant varieties that has allowed us to identify the particular nucleotide changes that are crucial for resistance to Fusarium Wilt. We have successfully introduced FusR1 into cultivated bananas using a gene transformation approach, particularly the Fusarium-sensitive Cavendish cultivar, and are now testing those banana plants for their level of resistant to Fusarium Wilt. Initial tests indicate some resistance has been achieved but many more events must be tested to reach conclusions. We believe that, given the threat of possible extinction for Cavendish, rapid approaches are not only warranted but essential and minimally genetically edited bananas will be accepted depending upon how the gene transfer is accomplished. Transfer of this native banana gene to cultivated bananas can also be accomplished with CRISPR technology, which allows a targeted, gene transfer and which, as compared to more traditional genetic editing techniques, minimizes potential side effects. We believe that Cavendish bananas can be rendered Fusarium Wilt resistant by changing only a few base pairs. These sorts of minimal changes have been allowed by theUSDA and FDA in several crops. Even inEurope , use of CRISPR technology has gained some traction. OnJune 26, 2019 , we filed aUnited States patent application titled IDENTIFICATION AND RESISTANCE GENES FROM WILD RELATIVES OF BANANA AND THEIR USES IN CONTROLLINGPANAMA DISEASE. We are awaiting review of these patents by the United States Patent Office. InDecember 2021 , we filed patents inEurope ,Africa , South andCentral America ,Australia andAsia . OnAugust 19, 2020 , the Company entered into a Development and Commercialization Agreement ("DCA") withDole Food Company for the development of plant varieties within the Musa genus of the Musaceae family (including the Cavendish variety of banana) that exhibit resistance to Fusarium Wilt Tropical Race 4 (popularly known as Panama Disease). Subject to compliance with various provisions of the agreement, the agreement includes partial working capital funding from Dole to the Company through 2024. In addition to working capital funding, Dole reimburses the Company for the development of banana plants and Dole will incur additional costs for the commercialization of plants upon successful completion of the development portion of this project. From the effective date of the agreement, the Company has received$1,600,000 of working capital funding and$1,943,747 of reimbursement of development costs pursuant to this agreement. Per the Agreement, 50% of future royalties may be offset with the research funding provided by Dole. In the event that Dole terminates the agreement for material breach by the Company or the Company's bankruptcy, the Company must repay all funding provided by Dole within six months of termination. The parties have agreed to negotiate the terms of the long-term license agreement upon successful completion of the development portion of this project. During 2021 and the six months endedJune 30, 2022 , theUniversity of Wisconsin was able to successfully transform banana plants using our FusR1 gene and we currently have banana plants from multiple gene constructs growing in greenhouses and undergoing resistance testing. During 2022, in accordance with our DCA with Dole, we are engaged in testing on these plants to determine if our FusR1 gene successfully conferred resistance to Fusarium and Panama Disease and initial testing indicates some resistance. Upon successful completion of validation testing and field trials by Dole, under the terms of the agreement with Dole, we expect to negotiate a long-term royalty contract for the commercialization of banana plants using our genes. This licensing arrangement will likely be exclusively with Dole and contain royalty payments based on the number of plants and/or hectares of plants. Even if EG's genes are proven to be effective, it is difficult to predict the future revenue stream that any licensing arrangement can generate and will be heavily dependent upon the speed with which Panama Disease spreads throughout the world necessitating a solution and any changes in the price of bananas based on supply and demand. Many articles are available in the public realm detailing the significance of the disease and the spread throughout the world. Since bananas are seedless, they are propagated by clones which allows for very rapid production of plants. An initial batch of 100 successful plants can generate a secondary propagation of over 15,000 plants in one year (enough for 10 hectares) and 15 million in the next generation. There are over 400,000 hectares of banana production inLatin America fromMexico toPeru . Adoption of the new variety will be dependent upon its effectiveness and the infection
rate ofPanama disease. 15
There are many risks associated with achieving these desired results including but not limited to:
- We may not be able to adequately establish patent protection for our
intellectual property or others may have competing claims.
- Others may develop competitive approaches to compete with our genes.
- Our genes may cause unforeseen and undesirable changes beyond the pest
resistance such as yield degradation or changes in the appearance or taste of
the fruit.
- Our genes may fail to deliver the desired results of resistance to Fusarium.
- Global regulations and/or consumer preference may prevent the successful
commercial launch of bananas with genetics changed using our methods.
- We will be dependent on others for the successful production and marketing of
bananas with our genes and many factors will be outside of our control.
- Our expected future royalty revenue will be highly dependent upon the
successful execution of the banana development project in the DCA with Dole and
the negotiation of a long-term royalty licensing agreement.
While Panama Disease 1) is potentially existential to the banana industry, 2) has no known treatment and 3) is not yet widespread, Black Sigatoka Disease is a different disease that is very wide-spread and is treated with toxins at a cost of up to$2,300 per hectare per year. We spent the last two years researching wild banana plants to identify a gene that could potentially be used to develop plants that are resistant to Black Sigatoka with no or reduced use of toxins. OnOctober 21, 2021 , we filed aUnited States patent application titled IDENTIFICATION AND RESISTANCE GENES FROM WILD RELATIVES OF BANANA AND THEIR USES IN CONTROLLING BLACK SIGATOKA DISEASE. We are awaiting review of these patents by the United States Patent Office. We are in the early stages of developing this gene and others are working on competing approaches. There is no guarantee that this will lead to commercial success. Like our FusR1 project, transformation and validation can be very expensive and we will need funding from either grants or potential customers or additional capital from investors, none of which can be assured. OnApril 29, 2014 , the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued patent 8,710,300 titled EXPRESSION OF DIRIGENT GENE EG261 AND ITS ORTHOLOGS AND PARALOGS ENHANCES PATHOGEN RESISTANCE IN PLANTS. OnDecember 5, 2017 andMarch 3, 2020 , the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued additional patents which extended the previous patent to include additional variations of the gene. We have filed additional patents in multiple countries that are at various stages of processing. OnJanuary 18, 2022 , the Company filed a patent application on its second soybean pest/disease resistance gene, EG19, and has included that gene in its ongoing two generation, whole plant validation research. The Company has also discovered additional candidate genes that may impact pathogen resistance. There can be no assurance that any of these genes will be proven effective in validation testing or lead to licensing agreements or revenue. We entered into a Service Agreement with the Wisconsin Crop Innovation Center ("WCIC") under which they have transformed soybeans using our genes and helped to establish the right combinations to achieve a range of expression. WCIC grew events from seven constructs of EG261 and EG19 in their greenhouses. The testing of these T2 generation seedlings at theUniversity of Missouri is partially complete but we have indefinitely suspended work on these genes to focus our resources on our banana projects. If we resume these projects and results from the whole plant validation trials confirm the findings of theUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison for EG261 and the effectiveness of the new gene, EG19, the Company intends to enter negotiations for a long-term research collaboration and licensing agreement with seed companies. The testing phase includes field trials which may proceed for several years prior to generating licensing revenue. There are many risks in this process including some that are outside ofEvolutionary Genomics' control and there can be no guarantee that we will ever generate any revenue from these potential agreements.Evolutionary Genomics has no registered trademarks. The Company had two full time employees and one part-time employee as ofJune 30, 2022 and leases its operating facility on a month-to-month basis afterSeptember 30, 2017 .Evolutionary Genomics is not currently involved in or aware of any threatened or actual legal proceedings. 16
Unaudited Results of Operations
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 2022 2021 Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Amount Revenue Amount Revenue Amount Revenue Amount Revenue Revenue $ - N/A $ - N/A $ - N/A $ - N/A Research and development 106,178 N/A 136,199 N/A 205,267 N/A 233,014 N/A Salaries and benefits 115,686 N/A 92,429 N/A 209,645 N/A 184,859 N/A General and administrative 309,568 N/A 325,079 N/A 641,464 N/A 649,684 N/A Total operating expenses 531,432 N/A 553,707 N/A 1,056,376 N/A 1,067,557 N/A Operating loss (531,432 ) N/A (553,707 ) N/A (1,056,376 ) N/A (1,067,557 ) N/A Other income 359 N/A 6 N/A 438 N/A 114 N/A Income taxes - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A Net loss$ (531,073 ) N/A$ (553,701 ) N/A$ (1,055,938 ) N/A$ (1,067,443 ) N/A Preferred stock dividend (80,251 ) N/A (71,392 ) N/A (151,026 ) N/A (142,784 ) N/A Net loss attributable to common stockholders$ (611,324 ) N/A$ (625,093 ) N/A$ (1,206,964 ) N/A$ (1,210,227 ) N/A Operating Expenses
Operating expenses decreased
Operating expenses decreased
Research and Development Research and development decreased$27,747 , or 11.9%, to$205,267 for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 from$233,014 for the six months endedJune 30, 2021 . The decrease was primarily due to lower costs on our soybean project partially offset by increased patent costs. Research and development decreased$30,021 , or 22.0%, to$106,178 for the three months endedJune 30, 2022 from$136,199 for the three months endedJune 30, 2021 . The decrease was primarily due to lower soybean project costs. Salaries and Benefits
Salaries and benefits increased
Salaries and benefits increased
17 General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses decreased$8,220 , or 1.3%, to$641,464 for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 from$649,684 for the six months endedJune 30, 2021 . The decrease was primarily due to lower insurance costs. General and administrative expenses decreased$15,511 , or 4.8%, to$309,568 for the three months endedJune 30, 2022 from$325,079 for the three months endedJune 30, 2021 . The decrease was primarily due to decreased professional fees and insurance costs. Other Income Total other income increased$324 , or 284.2%, to$438 for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 from$114 for the six months endedJune 30, 2021 . The increase was primarily due to increased interest income.
Total other income increased
Net Loss
Net loss decreased$11,505 , or 1.1%, to$1,055,938 for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 from$1,067,443 for the six months endedJune 30, 2021 . The decrease was primarily due to lower soybean project costs and lower insurance costs partially offset by increased patent expense and stock compensation costs. Net loss decreased$22,628 , or 4.1%, to$531,073 for the three months endedJune 30, 2022 from$553,701 for the three months endedJune 30, 2021 . The decrease was primarily due to lower soybean project costs, professional fees and insurance costs partially offset by increased stock compensation costs. Financial Condition
The Company's working capital increased$593,457 to$830,392 as ofJune 30, 2022 from$236,935 as ofDecember 31, 2021 primarily due to proceeds received from stock issuances, which was partially offset by the operating loss. Liquidity
As ofJune 30, 2022 , the Company had$897,779 in operating cash and expects that our operating expenses for the next twelve months will be$840,000 . Management believes the Company's existing cash balances along with contractually obligated future funding from our current agreement with Dole are sufficient to provide the necessary liquidity to meet our obligations as they come due over the next year.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Company has no off-balance sheet arrangements that have a material current effect, or that are reasonably likely to have a material future effect, on its financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources. Contractual Obligations The Company leases its operating facility and pays its rent in monthly installments. The lease was renewed inJune 2016 for a period of twelve months and monthly rentals for the period ofJuly 1, 2016 throughJune 30, 2022 are$2,378 per month which continues on a month-to-month basis. There is no minimum lease commitment as ofJune 30, 2022 . Renewals afterJune 30, 2017 are by mutual agreement. The Company's rent expense for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021 was$11,890 and$14,267 , respectively. The Company is obligated to pay royalties to the United Soybean Board of 10% of the sale of products derived from the soybean genes that were the subject of the research performed by the Contractor or from royalties received by the Company from the sale of products by a third party not to exceed 150% of the total amount paid to the Contractor under this Agreement. The Company has recognized to date grant revenue from the contract of$262,400 as ofJune 30, 2022 , thus limiting any future royalties as ofJune 30, 2022 to a total of$393,600 . The Company has not accrued or paid any royalties under the terms of the Agreement as of and during the six months endedJune 30, 2022 because it has not received any revenue from the sale of products to date. 18 OnSeptember 18, 2020 , the Company entered into a Standard Research Agreement with WCIC for the development of our banana genes. The agreement includes payments from the Company in the amount of$2,159,719 over the two-year expected term of the project. These costs will be reimbursed, in the form of notes payable by Dole in accordance with our DCA. OnApril 18, 2022 , the Company entered into a Standard Research Agreement withUW for the testing of banana plants for resistance to TR4 Panama Disease. The agreement includes payments from the Company in the amount of$143,124 over the twelve-month expected term of the project. In the six months endedJune 30, 2022 , the Company paid$85,874 under this contract and was fully reimbursed by Dole.
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