The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this filing. EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW Overview
Through our wholly owned operating subsidiaries and VIE, we are principally
engaged in the manufacturing and exporting of customized, ready-made sport and
outerwear from knitted fabric produced in our facilities in
We are an approved manufacturer of many well-known brands and retailers, such as Walmart, Costco, Hanes, New Balance, G-III, VF Corporation (which owns brands such as The North Face, Timberland, and JanSport), and PVH Corp. (which owns brands such as Calvin Klein,Tommy Hilfiger , IZOD, and Speedo). Our production facilities are made up of four factory units, one workshop, and three warehouses and currently employ approximately 4,100 people. The total annual capacity at our facilities is approximately 8.0 million pieces (average for product categories including t-shirts, polo shirts, pants, shorts, and jackets).
Impact of COVID-19 on our business
Collectability of receivables. We had accounts receivable of$5.3 million as ofMarch 31, 2020 . Out of this$5.3 million ,$5.1 million has been received up toJune 24, 2020 . Some customers, including our major customer VF Corporation, have requested to extend their credit terms for an addition of 20 days to 60 days from their original payment terms. On the other hand, VF Corporation offered to accelerate 50% of its settlements for shipments in April andMay 2020 .
Inventory. We had inventory of
17 Investments. We acquired two pieces of land in fiscal 2020 for the construction of dormitory and production facility. Due to the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, the management has decided to hold off the construction until there is a clearer picture on customer demand following the reopening of theU.S. and EU economies. Revenue. For fiscal 2020, there were orders in the amount of approximately$1.6 million which were originally scheduled to be shipped in the year but were deferred to fiscal 2021 due to the national shutdown inJordan between March 18 and March 31, 2020 . We have shipped these orders as of the date of this annual report. We have been proactively communicating with our existing customers to reconfirm their orders for fiscal 2021. We also managed to start business with some new customers. However, the above is subject to the progress of reopening of economies in theU.S. and the EU that would have significant impact on both order fulfilment and delivery schedules.
Liquidity/Going Concern. We had approximately
Subsequent events. Our main production facilities inAl Tajamouat Industrial City resumed production onApril 4, 2020 , under the condition that only migrant workers who were living in the dormitory within the same industrial city can go back to work, in addition to some strict hygienic precautionary measures. Our Al-Hasa workshop also restarted operation onApril 26, 2020 . Eventually, local employees resumed work onJune 1, 2020 . Seasonality of Sales A significant portion of our revenue is received during the first six months of our fiscal year. The majority of our VF Corporation orders are derived from winter season fashions, the sales of which occur in Spring and Summer and are merchandized by VF Corporation during the Autumn months (September through November). As such, the second half of our fiscal years reflect lower sales in anticipation of the spring and summer seasons. One of our strategies is to increase sales with other customers where clothing lines are stronger during the spring months. This strategy also reflects our current plan to increase our number of customers to mitigate our current concentration risk with VF Corporation. Results of Operations The following table presents certain information from our statement of income for fiscal years 2020 and 2019 and should be read, along with all of the information in this management's discussion and analysis, in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this filing. (All amounts, other than percentages, in thousands ofU.S. dollars) Years Ended March 31, 2020 2019 Year over Year
Statement of Income As % of As % of Data: Amount Sales Amount Sales Amount % Revenue$ 93,024 100 %$ 84,984 100 %$ 8,040 9 % Cost of goods sold 75,041 81 % 66,207 78 % 8,834 13 % Gross profit 17,983 19 % 18,777 22 % (794 ) (4 )% Selling, general and administrative expenses 10,318 11 % 12,428 15 % (2,110 ) (17 )% Other (expense) income, net (21 ) 0 % 23 0 % (44 ) (191 )% Net income before taxation$ 7,644 8 %$ 6,372 7 %$ 1,272 20 % Income tax expense 1,174 1 % 1,260 1 % (86 ) (7 )% Net income$ 6,470 7 %$ 5,112 6 %$ 1,358 27 % Revenue. Revenue increased by approximately$8.0 million , or 9%, to approximately$93.0 million in fiscal 2020 from approximately$85.0 million in fiscal 2019. The growth was mainly the result of the expansion of our business with one of our major customers, particularly, in export product types with higher sales value, such as jackets; and the addition of new customers in the fiscal year. Approximately 96% and 83% of our products were exported to theU.S. in fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively. 18
The table below presents our revenue for fiscal years 2020 and 2019 by geographic area.
Revenue by Geographic Area (All amounts, other than percentages, in thousands ofU.S. dollars) Years Ended March 31, 2020 2019 Year over Year Region Amount % Amount % Amount % United States$ 89,123 96 %$ 70,093 83 %$ 19,030 27 % Jordan 3,738 4 % 13,693 16 % (9,955 ) (73 )% Others 163 0 % 1,198 1 % (1,035 ) (86 )% Total$ 93,024 100 %$ 84,984 100 %$ 8,040 9 % SinceJanuary 2010 , all apparel manufactured inJordan can be exported to theU.S. without customs duty being imposed, pursuant tothe United States -Jordan Free Trade Agreement entered into inDecember 2001 . This free trade agreement provides us with substantial competitiveness and benefit that allowed us to expand our garment export business in theU.S. Our sales to theU.S. increased by approximately 27% in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. According to the Major Shippers Report issued by theOffice of Textiles and Apparel under theU.S. Department of Commerce datedMay 5, 2020 ,U.S. apparel import fromJordan increased by approximately 17% from$1.56 billion in the fiscal year endedMarch 31, 2019 to approximately$1.83 billion in the fiscal year endedMarch 31, 2020 . Our sales growth ratio has been exceeding the industrial average growth ratio, and we expect we still have plenty of room to expand our garment export business in theU.S. in the long run, asJerash accounted for only approximately 5% of the total Jordanian garment exports to theU.S. in fiscal 2020, according to data from the Major Shippers Report issued by theU.S. Department of Commerce . The short-term trend may be substantially impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak
in fiscal 2021. Cost of goods sold. Following the growth in sales revenue, our cost of goods sold increased by approximately$8.8 million , or 13%, to approximately$75.0 million in fiscal 2020 from approximately$66.2 million in fiscal 2019. As a percentage of revenue, the cost of goods sold increased by approximately 3% points to 81% in fiscal 2020 from 78% in fiscal 2019. The increase in cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue was primarily attributable to the absorption of ramp-up expenses of our newly acquiredParamount facility starting inApril 2019 and newly set up Al-Hasa workshop that started operation inNovember 2019 , and the manufacturing overheads absorbed as expenses in the period fromMarch 18 to March 31, 2020 , due to the shutdown inJordan amid
the COVID-19 outbreak. For the fiscal year endedMarch 31, 2020 , we purchased approximately 22%, 16%, and 11% of our raw materials from three major suppliers. For the fiscal year endedMarch 31, 2019 , we purchased approximately 19%, 12%, and 11% of our raw materials from three major suppliers. Gross profit margin. Gross profit margin was approximately 19% in fiscal 2020, which decreased by approximately 3% points from 22% in fiscal 2019. The decrease in gross profit margin was primarily driven by the expenses related to ramping up our new production facilities and the fixed cost during the shutdown period fromMarch 18 to March 31, 2020 . Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by approximately 17% from approximately$12.4 million in fiscal 2019 to approximately$10.3 million in fiscal 2020. The decrease was mainly attributable to the decrease in stock-based compensation expenses by$3.3 million partially offset by an increase of$0.9 million in professional fees related to land purchase, start-up expenses of new subsidiaries, and miscellaneous staffing expenses resulting from a raise in
headcounts in fiscal 2020. 19
Other (expense) income, net. Other expenses, net was approximately$21,000 in fiscal 2020 and other income, net was$23,000 in fiscal 2019. The net expenses in fiscal 2020 mainly resulted from the impact of variable exchange rates. Net income before taxation. Net income before taxation for fiscal 2020 increased by approximately 20% from approximately$6.4 million to approximately$7.6 million . The increase was mainly attributable to the decrease in stock-based compensation expenses partially offset by a decrease in gross profit in fiscal 2020.U.S. taxation. Income tax expense for fiscal 2020 was approximately$1.2 million compared to income tax expense of$1.3 million for fiscal 2019. The effective tax rate was 15.4% and 19.8% for fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively.Jordan taxation. Jerash Garments, Jerash Embroidery, Chinese Garments,Paramount , and Victory Apparel are subject to the regulations ofIncome Tax Department inJordan . The corporate income tax rate is 14% for the industrial sector. In accordance with the Investment Encouragement Law, Jerash Garments' export sales to overseas customers are entitled to a 100% income tax exemption for a period of 10 years commencing at the first day of production. This exemption was extended for five years toDecember 31, 2018 . EffectiveJanuary 1, 2019 , in accordance toDevelopment Zone law, Jerash Garments and its subsidiaries and VIE began paying corporate income tax inJordan at a rate of 10% plus a 1% social contribution. The tax income tax rate increased to 14% plus a 1% social contribution effective fromJanuary 1, 2020 . For fiscal 2020, our income tax inJordan was$1,229,000 . Jerash Garments and its subsidiaries and VIE are subject to local sales tax of 16%. However, Jerash Garments was granted a sales tax exemption from theJordanian Investment Commission for the periodJune 1, 2015 toJune 1, 2018 that allowed Jerash Garments to make purchases with no sales tax charge. This exemption was extended toFebruary 5, 2021 and we intend to apply to extend the exemption before the expiration date.Hong Kong taxation. Treasure Success is registered inHong Kong with an income tax rate of 8.25% on assessable profits up toHK$2,000,000 and 16.5% on any part of assessable profits overHK$2,000,000 . Treasure Success incurred no income tax expense for fiscal 2020 and 2019 due to its operating loss. In accordance with tax legislation inHong Kong , the accumulated loss can be used to offset future profit for income tax purposes.
PRC taxation. Jiangmen Treasure Success was established in the PRC and is subject to an income tax rate of 25%.
Net income. Net income for fiscal 2020 was approximately
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Jerash Holdings is a holding company incorporated inDelaware . As a holding company, we rely on dividends and other distributions from our Jordanian subsidiaries to satisfy our liquidity requirements. Current Jordanian regulations permit our Jordanian subsidiaries and VIE to pay dividends to us only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Jordanian accounting standards and regulations. In addition, our Jordanian subsidiaries and VIE are required to set aside at least 10% of their respective accumulated profits each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. We have relied on direct payments of expenses by our subsidiaries and VIE (which generate revenue) to meet our obligations to date. To the extent payments are due inU.S. dollars, we have occasionally paid such amounts in JOD to an entity controlled by our management capable of paying such amounts inU.S. dollars. Such transactions have been made at prevailing exchange rates and have resulted in immaterial losses or gains on currency exchange but no other profit. As ofMarch 31, 2020 , we had cash of approximately$26.1 million and restricted cash of approximately$0.8 million compared to cash of approximately$27.2 million and restricted cash of approximately$0.7 million as ofMarch 31, 2019 , which was mainly the security deposit supporting our duty free import into
Jordan at the customs. 20 Our current assets as ofMarch 31, 2020 were approximately$59.0 million , and our current liabilities were approximately$10.9 million , which resulted in a current ratio of approximately 5.4:1. Our current assets as ofMarch 31, 2019 were approximately$55.4 million , and our current liabilities were approximately$7.6 million , which resulted in a current ratio of approximately 7.3:1. Total equity as ofMarch 31, 2020 and 2019 was approximately$54.8 million and$50.3 million , respectively. We had net working capital of$48.1 million and$47.8 million as ofMarch 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Based on our current operating plan, we believe that cash on hand and cash generated from operation will be sufficient to support our working capital needs for the next 12 months from the date this document is filed. We have funded our working capital needs from operations. Our working capital requirements are influenced by the level of our operations, the numerical and dollar volume of our sales contracts, the progress of execution on our customer contracts, and the timing of accounts receivable collections. Credit Facilities HSBC Facility OnMay 29, 2017 , our wholly owned subsidiary, Treasure Success, entered into a facility letter ("2017 Facility Letter") with HSBC to provide credit to us, which was later amended by an offer letter between HSBC, Treasure Success, and Jerash Garments datedJune 19, 2018 ("2018 Facility Letter"), and further amended onAugust 12, 2019 (the "2019 Facility Letter," and together with the 2017 Facility Letter and the 2018 Facility Letter, the "HSBC Facility"). The 2019 Facility Letter extended the term of the HSBC Facility indefinitely, subject to review at any time by HSBC. Pursuant to the HSBC Facility, we have a total credit limit of$11,000,000 . The HSBC Facility currently provides us with various credit facilities for importing and settling payment for goods purchased from our suppliers. The available credit facilities as described in greater detail below includes an import facility, import facilities with loan against import, trust receipts, clean import loan, and advances to us against purchase orders. HSBC charges an interest rate of 1.5% per annum over LIBOR or HIBOR, as applicable, for credit related to the release of goods immediately on our documentary credit. LIBOR was 0.3% and HIBOR was 0.9% onJune 24, 2020 . HSBC charges a commission of: i) 0.25% for the first$50,000 , ii) 0.125% for the balance in excess of$50,000 and up to$100,000 , and iii) 0.0625% for balance in excess of$100,000 and an interest rate of 1.5% per annum over LIBOR or HIBOR, as applicable, for credit related to trust receipts whereby HSBC has title to the goods or merchandise released immediately to us. HSBC has approved certain of our suppliers that are eligible to use clean import loans. HSBC charges a commission of: i) 0.25% for the first$50,000 , ii) 0.125% for the balance in excess of$50,000 and up to$100,000 , and iii) 0.0625% for balance in excess of$100,000 and an interest of 1.5% per annum over LIBOR or HIBOR, as applicable, for credit services related to clean import loans or release of the goods or merchandise based on evidence of delivery or invoice. HSBC will advance up to 70% of the purchase order value in our favor. HSBC charges a handling fee of 0.25% and an interest rate of 1.5% per annum over LIBOR or HIBOR, as applicable, for credit services related to advances. Previously, the HSBC Facility was secured by collateral provided by us,Jerash Garments, Treasure Success, and the personal guarantees ofMr. Choi andMr. Ng . The personal guarantees were released by HSBC inAugust 2019 . Jerash Garments is also required to maintain an account at HSBC for receiving payments from VF Sourcing Asia S.A.R.L. and its related companies. As ofMarch 31, 2020 , there was no amount outstanding under the HSBC Facility. Borrowings under the HSBC Facility are due upon demand by HSBC or within 120 days of each borrowing date. 21 HSBC Factoring Agreement OnJune 5, 2017 , Treasure Success entered into an Offer Letter-Invoice Discounting/Factoring Agreement, and onAugust 21, 2017 , Treasure Success entered into the Invoice Discounting/Factoring Agreement (together, the "2017 Factoring Agreement") with HSBC for certain debt purchase services related to our accounts receivable. OnJune 14, 2018 , Treasure Success and Jerash Garments entered into another Offer Letter-Invoice Discounting/Factoring Agreement with HSBC (the "2018 Factoring Agreement, and together with the 2017 Factoring Agreement, the "HSBC Factoring Agreement"), which amended the 2017 Factoring Agreement. The HSBC Factoring Agreement was effective throughMay 1, 2019 . We are negotiating with HSBC to amend the HSBC Factoring Agreement to extend the term of the facility with substantially similar terms and we will continue to be able to use the borrowings under the HSBC Factoring Agreement through any negotiation period. Under the current terms of the HSBC Factoring Agreement, we may borrow up to$12,000,000 . In exchange for advances on eligible invoices from HSBC for our approved customers, HSBC charges a fee to advance such payments at a discounting charge of 1.5% per annum over 2-month LIBOR or HIBOR, as applicable. Such fee accrues on a daily basis on the amount of funds in use. HSBC has final determination of the percentage amount available for prepayment from each of our approved customers. We may not prepay an amount from a customer in excess of 85% of the funds available for borrowing. As ofMarch 31, 2020 , there was$235 outstanding under the HSBC Factoring Agreement. HSBC also provides credit protection and debt services related to each of our preapproved customers. For any approved debts or collections assigned to HSBC, HSBC charges a flat fee of 0.35% on the face value of the invoice for such debt or collection. We may assign debtor payments that are to be paid to HSBC within 90 days, defined as the maximum terms of payment. We may receive advances on invoices that are due within 30 days of the delivery of our goods, defined as the maximum invoicing period. The advances made by HSBC were secured by collateral provided by us,Jerash Garments, and Treasure Success, and the personal guarantees ofMr. Choi andMr. Ng . If we fail to pay any sum due to HSBC, HSBC may charge a default interest at the rate of 8.5% per annum over the best lending rate quoted by HSBC on such defaulted amount. In addition, to secure the Factoring Agreement, we had granted HSBC a charge of$3,000,000 over our deposits. Following the effectiveness of the 2018 Factoring Agreement, the security collateral of$3,000,000 was released as ofJanuary 22, 2019 . HSBC released the personal guarantees ofMr. Choi andMr. Ng inAugust 2019 . The HSBC Factoring Agreement is subject to the review by HSBC at any time and HSBC has discretion on whether to renew the HSBC Factoring Agreement. Either party may terminate the agreement subject to a 30-day notice period. SCBHK Facility Letter Pursuant to the SCBHK facility letter datedJune 15, 2018 , and issued to Treasure Success by SCBHK, SCBHK offered to provide an import facility of up to$3.0 million to Treasure Success. The SCBHK facility covers import invoice financing and pre-shipment financing under export orders with a combined limit of$3 million . Borrowings under the SCBHK facility are due within 90 days of each invoice or financing date. SCBHK charges interest at 1.3% per annum over SCBHK's cost of funds. In consideration for arranging the SCBHK facility, Treasure Success paid SCBHKHKD50,000 . We were informed by SCBHK onJanuary 31, 2019 that the SCBHK facility had been activated. As ofMarch 31, 2020 , there was no amount outstanding under the SCBHK facility.
Years ended
The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the fiscal years
ended
(All amounts in thousands ofU.S. dollars) For the years endedMarch 31, 2020 2019
Net cash provided by operating activities$ 6,913 $ 9,775 Net cash used in investing activities (4,932 ) (1,601 ) Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (2,913 ) 7,466 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash 15 (2 ) Net (decrease) increase in cash (917 ) 15,638 Cash and restricted cash, beginning of year 27,834
12,196
Cash and restricted cash, end of year$ 26,917
Non-cash financing activities Warrants issued to underwriters in connection with the IPO in fiscal 2019
$ -
$ -$ 308 Right of use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations$ 1,624 $ - 22 Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was approximately
? accounts receivable increased by approximately
compared to a decrease of accounts receivable of approximately
fiscal 2019, due to introduction of some new customers whose payment terms are
longer than our major customer in fiscal 2019;
? inventory increased by approximately
an increase of approximately
due to the national shutdown in
the COVID-19 outbreak;
? income tax payable decreased by approximately
increase of approximately
? an increase in deposits paid to suppliers by
decrease of approximately
production in fiscal 2021. Investing Activities Net cash used in investing activities was approximately$4.9 million and$1.6 million for fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in net cash used in investing activities was mainly attributable to the acquisition of ourParamount facility and the increase in plant and machineries forParamount , the Al-Hasa workshop, and our existing factory units. Financing Activities Net cash used in financing activities was approximately$ 2.9 million for fiscal 2020 compared to net cash provided by$7.5 million in fiscal 2019. The cash outflow resulted from payments of dividend and repayment of bank borrowings. Net cash provided in fiscal 2019 was primarily from proceeds from our IPO. Non-cash Financing Activities We had non-cash financing activities related to the IPO in fiscal 2019. Expense recognized for warrants issued to the underwriters in connection with the IPO was$160,732 . There was also a prepaid stock issuance cost of$308,179 netted with proceeds from the IPO. There was approximately$1.6 million of rights of use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations in fiscal 2020 pursuant to new financial reporting requirements. Statutory Reserves In accordance with the Corporate Law inJordan ,Jerash Holdings' subsidiaries and VIE inJordan are required to make appropriations to certain reserve funds, based on net income determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ofJordan . Appropriations to the statutory reserve are required to be 10% of net income until the reserve is equal to 100% of the entity's share capital. This reserve is not available for dividend distribution. The statutory reserve was$212,739 in both fiscal 2020 and 2019. The following table provides the amount of our statutory reserves, the amount of restricted net assets, consolidated net assets, and the amount of restricted net assets as a percentage of consolidated net assets, as ofMarch 31, 2020 and 2019. (All amounts, other than percentages, in thousands ofU.S. dollars) As of March 31, 2020 2019 Statutory Reserves$ 213 $ 213 Total Restricted Net Assets$ 213 $ 213 Consolidated Net Assets$ 54,751
23 Total restricted net assets accounted for approximately 0.39% of our consolidated net assets as ofMarch 31, 2020 . As our subsidiaries and VIE inJordan are only required to set aside 10% of net profits to fund the statutory reserves, it has reached the maximum amount. We believe the potential impact of such restricted net assets on our liquidity is limited. Capital Expenditures
We had capital expenditures of approximately$4.7 million and$0.8 million in fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively, for purchases of equipment in connection with our business activities and to increase capacity. Additions in plant and machinery amounted to approximately$1.9 million and$0.6 million in fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively, and additions to leasehold improvements amounted to approximately$1.1 million and$0.1 million in fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively. In fiscal 2020, we acquired two pieces of land for an aggregate purchase price of approximately$1.7 million . In 2015, we commenced a project to build a 4,800 square foot workshop in the Tafilah Governorate ofJordan , which was initially intended to be used as a sewing workshop for Jerash Garments, but which we now intend to use as a dormitory. This dormitory is expected to be operational before the end of fiscal 2021 and is expected to house workers for the 54,000 square foot workshop in Al-Hasa County. This project is expected to cost approximately$200,000 upon completion. In 2018, we commenced another project to build a 54,000 square foot workshop in Al-Hasa County in the Tafilah Governorate ofJordan , which started operation inNovember 2019 with approximately 240 workers. Provided that we satisfy certain employment requirements over certain time periods, we do not anticipate incurring any significant costs for the project, which was constructed in conjunction with theJordanian Ministry of Labor and theJordanian Education and Training Department . In the event we breach our agreement with these government agencies, we will have to pay such agencies JOD250,000 or approximately$353,000 . See "Item 2. Properties" above for more information regarding this workshop.
OnDecember 11, 2018 , we entered into an agreement through Jerash Garments to acquire all of the stock ofParamount , an existing garment manufacturing business, in order to operate our fourth manufacturing facility in Al Tajamouat Industrial City inAmman, Jordan . We paid approximately$980,000 as of the closing date of the transaction onJune 18, 2019 . OnAugust 7, 2019 , we completed a transaction to acquire 12,340 square meters (approximately three acres) of land in Al Tajamouat Industrial City,Jordan , from a third party to construct a dormitory for our employees with aggregate purchase price JOD863,800 (approximately$1,218,303 ). Management has revised the plan to construct both dormitory and production facilities on the land in order to capture the increasing demand for our capacity. OnFebruary 6, 2020 , we completed a transaction to acquire 4,516 square meters (approximately 48,608 square feet) of land in Al Tajamouat Industrial City,Jordan , from a third party to construct a dormitory for our employee with aggregate purchase price JOD313,501 (approximately$442,162 ). We expect to spend approximately$5 million in capital expenditures to build the dormitory and the production facilities. Due to the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, management has decided to put on hold the construction project to retain financial resources to support our operations, and also to wait and see how the global economy and customer demand recover after the outbreak. We projected that there will be an aggregate of approximately$1.2 million of capital expenditures in both the fiscal years endingMarch 31, 2021 and 2022 for further enhancement of production capacity to meet future sales growth. We expect that our capital expenditures will increase in the future as our business continues to develop and expand. We have used cash generated from operations of our subsidiaries and VIE to fund our capital commitments in the past and anticipate using such funds to fund capital expenditure commitments in the future.
Off-balance Sheet Commitments and Arrangements
We have not entered into any other financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. In addition, we have not entered into any derivative contracts that are indexed to our own shares and classified as stockholders' equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. 24
For Management's Discussion and Analysis of the fiscal years ended
Critical Accounting Policies We prepare our financial statements in conformity withU.S. GAAP, which require us to make judgments, estimates, and assumptions that affect our reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and any related disclosures. Although there were no material changes made to the accounting estimates and assumptions in the past two years, we continually evaluate these estimates and assumptions based on the most recently available information, our own historical experience, and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from our expectations as a result of changes in our estimates. We believe that certain accounting policies involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity in their application and require us to make significant accounting estimates. The policies that we believe are the most critical to understanding and evaluating our consolidated financial condition and results of operations are summarized in "Note 2-Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in the notes to our audited financial statements.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See "Note 3-Recent Accounting Pronouncements" in the notes to our audited financial statements for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.
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