The department said this week that the $2.175 billion deal would give the merged publishing company "outsized influence" over what Americans read.

Pan had initially been nominated to the court by then-President Barack Obama in 2009 but her nomination expired without confirmation. She spent 2009-2021 as an Associate Judge of the District of Columbia Superior Court. President Joe Biden re-nominated her in March.

German media group Bertelsmann, which owns Penguin Random House, last year agreed to buy Simon & Schuster from ViacomCBS, strengthening its presence in the United States and adding novelist Stephen King, Pulitzer Prize-winner Anthony Doerr and veteran journalist Bob Woodward to its stable of authors.

(Reporting by Diane Bartz; Editing by Aurora Ellis)