Two leading industry bodies representing producers in the world's top steel and aluminum market said they strongly oppose duties imposed by Trump to counter cheap imports, especially from China. Trump slapped 25 percent tariffs on steel imports and 10 percent for aluminum on Thursday.
The metals associations urged the government to take "resolute measures" against U.S. imports ranging from stainless steel to coal and electronics.
A widely read tabloid said in an editorial China would not be bullied by threats of a trade war with the world's largest economy and its main trading partner.
The Ministry of Commerce said the nation would assess any damage caused by the U.S. move and "firmly defend its legitimate rights and interests." It urged the United States to withdraw the measures as quickly as possible.
The ramping up of rhetoric is a big shift away from the conciliatory tone struck in recent weeks when Chinese President Xi Jinping's top economic adviser, Liu He, visited Washington for trade talks.
COAL, THE NEW THREAT
The tactics suggested by the industry associations were the first time coal has been drawn into the spat, signaling that China has more options in its arsenal if the dispute descends into an all-out trade war.
The threat also strikes at another sector central to Trump's political base and an election pledge to restore American industries and blue-collar jobs.
"I think the purpose of mentioning coal is more like a warning that China could also take measures on U.S. products," said Wang Fei, coal analyst at Huaan Futures.
When Beijing launched a probe last month into imports of U.S. sorghum, a grain used in animal feed and liquor, it was viewed as a warning shot that Beijing was ready to target farm states that voted for Trump.
China has ramped up imports of U.S. coal over the past year, as its utilities have sought cheaper foreign fuel. That has helped to revive the fortunes of the U.S. coal industry, but the tonnage is not seen as critical to China's power sector.
In 2017, U.S. coal imports totaled 3.2 million tonnes, worth about $420 million and nearly five times the 694 tonnes taken in the previous year.
The dispute has also fueled concern that soybeans, the United States' most valuable export to the world's No. 2 economy, might be caught up in tit-for-tat trade actions.
Experts say Beijing may not be ready to deploy that tactic, though, given China's reliance on imports of the oilseed to make animal feed for its vast livestock sector.
CHINA TO MEET TRADE WAR THREAT 'HEAD-ON'
Trade tensions between the world's two largest economies have risen since Trump took office. China accounts for only a small fraction of U.S. steel imports, but its massive industrial expansion has helped create a global glut of steel that has driven down prices.
"Trump's behavior is a challenge to the global steel industry and will definitely encounter opposition from more countries," the China Iron & Steel Association (CISA) said in a statement on its website.
CISA appealed for "resolute measures" against imports of U.S. products, including stainless steel, galvanized sheet, seamless pipe, coal, agriculture products and electronic products. Its comments were echoed in a separate statement by the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association.
In an editorial on Friday, the Global Times said China would not be bullied by Trump's threat of a trade war.
"If the U.S. cannot adjust its own industrial structure to reduce its trade deficit and orders the world to follow its words, China and the rest of the world will have no choice but to meet the challenge head-on."
(Reporting by Adam Jourdan and Ruby Lian in SHANGHAI and Josephine Mason in BEIJING; Additional reporting by Muyu Xu; Editing by Richard Pullin and Tom Hogue)
