The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 filed with theSecurities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Some of the statements contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, constitute forward looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. The following information and any forward-looking statements should be considered in light of factors discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our other filings with theSEC . Our actual results and timing of certain events may differ materially from the results discussed, projected, anticipated, or indicated in any forward-looking statements. We caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, the development of the industry in which we operate, the potential achievement of milestones and receipt of payments under our collaboration with Pfizer ("Pfizer") entered into inNovember 2021 (the "Pfizer Collaboration") and the proposed Pfizer Merger and spin-off, among other things, may differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Statements made herein are as of the date of the filing of this Form 10-Q with theSEC and should not be relied upon as of any subsequent date. Even if our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, the development of the industry in which we operate, the potential achievement of milestones and receipt of payments under the Pfizer Collaboration are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, they may not be predictive of results or developments in future periods. We disclaim any obligation, except as specifically required by law and the rules of theSEC , to publicly update or revise any such statements to reflect any change in our expectations or in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statements may be based, or that may affect the likelihood that actual results will differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements.
We caution readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements made by us, which speak only as of the date they are made.
Overview
We are a commercial-stage biopharmaceutical company with a portfolio of innovative therapies to improve the lives of patients with debilitating neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases, including rare disorders. Our Neuroinnovation portfolio includes FDA-approved NURTEC ODT (rimegepant) for the acute and preventive treatment of migraine and a broad pipeline of drug candidates modulating distinct central nervous system targets, including calcitonin gene-related peptide ("CGRP") receptors, Kv7 ion channels, glutamate receptors, MPO, myostatin, and TRP channels. InApril 2022 , theEuropean Commission approved rimegepant 75 mg (available as an ODT), for the prophylaxis and acute treatment of migraine. VYDURA™ (rimegepant) will be the commercial name for rimegepant in the EU.
Pfizer Merger and Distribution Agreement
OnMay 9, 2022 , the Company, Pfizer and a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer ("Merger Sub"), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement"). Pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, Pfizer will acquire all outstanding shares of Biohaven for$148.50 per share in cash and Merger Sub will merge with and into the Company (the "Pfizer Merger"), with the Company surviving the Pfizer Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer. In connection with the Merger Agreement,Biohaven and Biohaven Research Ltd. ("New Biohaven") entered into a Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated as ofMay 9, 2022 (the "Distribution Agreement"). In connection with the Distribution Agreement, the Board of Directors of the Company approved and directed management to effect the spin-off of the Kv7 ion channel activator, glutamate modulation, MPO inhibition and myostatin inhibition platforms, preclinical product candidates, and certain corporate infrastructure currently owned by Biohaven (the "spin-off"). To implement the spin-off, the Company expects to transfer the related license agreements, intellectual property and corporate infrastructure, including certain non-commercial employee agreements, share based awards and other corporate agreements to New Biohaven, through a series of internal restructuring transactions, referred to as the pre-closing reorganization To effect the spin-off, each of the Company's shareholders will receive one common share of New Biohaven for every two common shares of Biohaven held of record at the close of business on the record date for the distribution.. Upon completion of the spin-off, New Biohaven will be a stand-alone, publicly traded company focused on the development of its Kv7 ion channel activator, glutamate modulation, MPO inhibition and myostatin inhibition platforms. 39 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Following the closing of the Pfizer Merger, New Biohaven will continue to operate under the Biohaven name and will be led byVlad Coric , MD, as Chairman and CEO, and include other members of the current management team of Biohaven. Immediately prior to the effective time of the spin-off, Pfizer or an affiliate of Pfizer will pay to the Company an amount equal to$275 million minus the marketable securities, cash and cash equivalents held by New Biohaven as of the close of business on the day prior to the date of the spin-off, subject to certain reductions agreed to by the Company and Pfizer, and the Company will contribute such funding to New Biohaven. New Biohaven will also have the right to receive tiered royalties from Pfizer at percentage rates in the low-tens to mid-teens on any annual net sales of rimegepant and zavegepant inthe United States in excess of$5.25 billion for all years ended on or prior toDecember 31, 2040 . Pfizer expects to finance the transaction with existing cash on hand. Pfizer's acquisition of Biohaven is subject to the completion of the New Biohaven spin-off transaction and other customary closing conditions and approval by Biohaven's shareholders. The companies expect the transaction to close by early 2023. Clinical-Stage Milestones
Our clinical-stage milestones include the following:
Drug Name Indication 1H2021 2H2021 1H2022 2H2022 1H2023 2H2023 Migraine Approval prevention Migraine acute/prevention [[Image Removed: bhvn-20220630_g2.jpg]] Europe Filing 1Q EU Approval Migraine acute Topline China Filing (China/Korea) Zavegepant Migraine (intranasal) Topline US Filing Small molecule/NCE Migraine (oral) Start Phase 3 BHV-7000 Focal epilepsy Start Phase 1 Kv7 channel modulator Spinocerebellar Topline Troriluzole ataxia NCE prodrug of riluzole Obsessive-Compulsive Complete Enrollment Disorder ("OCD") Verdiperstat Amyotrophic NCE oral MPO inhibitor Lateral Sclerosis Complete Enrollment Topline ("ALS") Taldefgrobep Alfa Spinal Muscular Start Phase 3 Anti-myostatin adnectin Atrophy ("SMA") BHV-1100 Multiple Myeloma Start Phase 1 ARM combo Milestone Achieved CGRP Platform InJuly 2016 , we acquired exclusive, worldwide rights to our CGRP receptor antagonist platform, including rimegepant and zavegepant (previously known as BHV-3500 and vazegepant), through a license agreement, as amended, with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company ("BMS"). InDecember 2020 ,Heptares Therapeutics Ltd. ("Sosei Heptares") and Biohaven entered a global collaboration and license agreement (the "Heptares Agreement") under which Biohaven received exclusive global rights to develop, manufacture and commercialize a portfolio of novel, small-molecule CGRP receptor antagonists discovered by Sosei Heptares for the treatment of CGRP-mediated disorders.
Rimegepant
The most advanced product candidate from our CGRP receptor antagonist platform is rimegepant, an orally available, potent and selective small molecule human CGRP receptor antagonist that we have developed for the acute and preventive treatment of migraine. During the second quarter of 2019, we submitted NDAs for the acute treatment of migraine to the FDA for the Zydis ODT and tablet formulations of rimegepant. The NDA submission for the Zydis ODT formulation of rimegepant was submitted using an FDA priority review voucher, purchased inMarch 2019 , providing for an expedited 6-month review. The Zydis ODT formulation of rimegepant (NURTEC ODT) was approved by the FDA for the acute treatment of migraine 40
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- onFebruary 27, 2020 and was available by prescription inU.S. pharmacies onMarch 12, 2020 . During the fourth quarter of 2020, we submitted an sNDA for the preventive treatment of migraine to the FDA for NURTEC ODT. The FDA approved NURTEC ODT for the preventive treatment of episodic migraine onMay 27, 2021 . We remain focused on investing in long-term success by driving new-to-brand prescriptions, and ultimately market share, in this rapidly growing oral CGRP market and are continuing to observe a positive return on investment with increasing physician advocacy and attracting a greater pool of patients. We believe that the rapid adoption of NURTEC ODT is evidence of significant unmet need among people with migraine and an associated large acute and preventive therapy market opportunity. We continue to expand commercial payer coverage, with NURTEC ODT now covered by insurance providers reflecting 96% of commercial lives.
A summary of key rimegepant studies is described below.
Study 301/Study 302
InMarch 2018 , we announced positive topline data from our first two pivotal Phase 3 trials ("Study 301 and Study 302") for the acute treatment of migraine. In each trial, treatment with a single 75 mg dose of rimegepant met the co-primary efficacy endpoints of the trial, which were superior to placebo, at two hours post-dose, on measures of pain freedom and freedom from the patient's most bothersome symptom ("MBS"). In addition to achieving both co-primary endpoints in each of the trials, rimegepant also was observed to be generally safe and well-tolerated in the trials, with a safety profile similar to placebo. The co-primary endpoints achieved in the Phase 3 trials were consistent with regulatory guidance from the FDA and provided the basis for the submission of an NDA to the FDA. Study 303 A third Phase 3 clinical trial for the acute treatment of migraine with a bioequivalent ODT formulation of rimegepant was commenced inFebruary 2018 . OnDecember 3, 2018 , we announced positive topline data from this randomized, controlled Phase 3 clinical trial ("BHV3000-303" or "Study 303") evaluating the efficacy and safety of our Zydis ODT formulation of rimegepant for the acute treatment of migraine. Rimegepant differentiated from placebo on the two co-primary endpoints using a single dose, pain freedom and freedom from the MBS at two hours. In total, rimegepant was significantly differentiated from the placebo in the first 21 consecutive primary and secondary outcome measures that were pre-specified. Patients treated with the rimegepant Zydis ODT formulation began to numerically separate from placebo on pain relief as early as 15 minutes, and this difference was statistically significant at 60 minutes. Additionally, a significantly greater percentage of patients treated with rimegepant Zydis ODT returned to normal functioning by 60 minutes and lasting clinical benefit compared to placebo was observed through 48 hours after a single dose of rimegepant on freedom from pain, pain relief, freedom from the MBS, and freedom from functional disability. The safety and tolerability observations of rimegepant in Study 303 were consistent with our previous observations. The overall rates of adverse events were similar to placebo (13.2% with respect to rimegepant compared to 10.5% with placebo). The co-primary endpoints achieved in the Phase 3 trials were consistent with regulatory guidance from the FDA and formed the basis of efficacy data required by the FDA for approval. Study 305 InNovember 2018 , we initiated a double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 clinical trial examining regularly scheduled dosing of rimegepant 75 mg to evaluate its efficacy and safety as a preventive therapy for migraine ("BHV3000-305" or "Study 305"). InMarch 2020 , we announced positive topline results from this study. Rimegepant 75 mg, dosed every other day, demonstrated statistically significant superiority, compared to placebo, on the primary endpoint of reduction in the mean number of migraine days per month in both episodic and chronic migraine patients. The safety profile seen in the 370 patientswho received rimegepant 75 mg every other day was consistent with prior clinical trial experience. With this trial, rimegepant has become the only CGRP targeted therapy to demonstrate efficacy in both the acute and preventive treatment of migraine. An sNDA for rimegepant for prevention of migraine was filed with the FDA and accepted for review in the fourth quarter of 2020. The FDA approved NURTEC ODT for the preventive treatment of migraine onMay 27, 2021 .
Pediatric Study Plan
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Trigeminal Neuralgia
In the second quarter of 2019, we initiated a Phase 2 proof of concept trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rimegepant in patients with treatment refractory trigeminal neuralgia. Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic facial pain syndrome characterized by paroxysmal, severe, and lancinating episodes of pain in the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. The trigeminal nerve, or fifth cranial nerve, is the largest of the 12 cranial nerves and provides sensory innervation to the head and neck, as well as motor innervation to the muscles of mastication. These episodic bouts of severe facial pain can last seconds to minutes, occur several times per day, and often result in significant disability. Over the long-term course of the disease, symptoms often become 41
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refractory to medical therapy and current treatment options remain suboptimal.
Plaque Psoriasis
In the fourth quarter of 2020, we announced a collaboration with Weill Cornell Medicine's Dr.Richard Granstein , Chairman of Dermatology, to initiate an investigator-led clinical trial, which will explore whether treatment with one of our CGRP receptor antagonists will reduce the severity of disease and percentage of area affected as measured by patients' Psoriasis Activity Severity Index (PASI) score after 16 weeks of treatment as compared to placebo. In addition, the study will assess the potential impact on itch and patient quality-of-life measures. Psoriasis is a chronic and painful autoimmune disease characterized by red patches of dry, cracked skin that may bleed, itch, and burn that affects approximately 7- 8 million people in theU.S.
Rhinosinusitis
InFebruary 2022 , we announced that we have begun enrollment in a Phase 2/3 clinical trial assessing the safety and efficacy of NURTEC ODT 75mg in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis ("CRS") with or without nasal polyps. CRS is a symptomatic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity lasting more than 12 weeks. CRS typically manifests as facial pain/pressure/fullness, nasal obstruction (congestion), nasal discharge, and/or a decreased sense of smell. Both preclinical and human studies have indicated that increased CGRP levels are associated with CRS, and suggest that blocking CGRP receptors with NURTEC ODT may have beneficial effects for those suffering from CRS. We expect to enroll approximately 200 patients in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial across approximately 25 sites in theU.S. Researchers will evaluate acute symptomatic treatment with rimegepant in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps. The primary outcome measure is the change in a patient's facial pain/pressure/fullness score on a Numerical Rating Scale (0-10). The trial will also assess the safety and tolerability of rimegepant.
Temporomandibular Disorder
Temporomandibular disorder ("TMD") is a disorder of the jaw muscles, temporomandibular joints, and the nerves associated with chronic facial pain. InApril 2022 the Company commenced enrollment in a Phase 2/3 clinical trial assessing the safety and efficacy of NURTEC ODT (rimegepant) 75 mg in patients with TMD. The Company expects to enroll approximately 200 patients across approximately 25 sites inthe United States . The primary outcome measure will be the change from baseline of pain on a Numerical Rating Scale (0-10).
International Health Authority Interactions
Scientific advice for rimegepant for acute and preventive migraine treatment was
received from the CHMP, a committee of the
in June andDecember 2018 , respectively. In the first quarter of 2021, we submitted the MAA for rimegepant dual indication, inclusive of acute treatment and prevention of migraine. InApril 2022 , theEuropean Commission ("EC") approved rimegepant 75 mg (available as an orally dissolving tablet), intended for the prophylaxis and acute treatment of migraine. VYDURA™ (rimegepant) will be the commercial name for rimegepant in the EU. The full indication for VYDURA is the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults and preventive treatment of episodic migraine in adultswho have at least four migraine attacks per month. The Marketing Authorization follows the recommendation for approval by CHMP inFebruary 2022 .The EC approval will be valid for all 27 EU member states as well asIceland ,Liechtenstein andNorway and local reimbursement approval will follow. Assessment of the MAA by the Medicines & Healthcare products Regulatory Agency ("MHRA") is complete and approval was granted inGreat Britain inJune 2022 . Filings inIsrael and theMiddle East began in 2020. InMarch 2021 , we received approval for rimegepant inIsrael and theUAE for the acute treatment of migraine. In the fourth quarter of 2021, we received approval for rimegepant inIsrael for the preventive treatment of episodic migraine in adults and inKuwait for the acute treatment of migraine in adults. InApril 2022 we received approval for prevention of episodic migraine in adults inUAE . We expect further approvals in 2022. With respect toJapan , we have engaged thePharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency ("PMDA") on a path forward, and initiation of Phase 2/3 bridging studies are anticipated to begin mid-2022. InJanuary 2019 , we and our subsidiary,BioShin (Shanghai) Consulting Services Company Ltd. ("BioShin Shanghai"), aShanghai based limited liability company, jointly announced that theNational Medical Products Administration ("NMPA," formerly, the China FDA) had accepted the IND application for rimegepant for the treatment of migraine. As previously announced, BioShin Shanghai was established to develop and potentially commercialize our late-stage migraine and neurology portfolio inChina and otherAsia-Pacific markets. Following the results of Study 303, we submitted a second IND application to the NMPA for the Zydis ODT formulation of rimegepant for the acute treatment of migraine. The IND application for the Zydis ODT formulation of rimegepant was accepted by the NMPA in the fourth quarter of 2019. InSeptember 2020 ,BioShin Limited ("BioShin"), our subsidiary and the parent organization of BioShin Shanghai, raised$60.0 million in series A funding (the "BioShin Funding") which was used to build out BioShin inChina and advance our clinical portfolio in theAsia-Pacific region .
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42 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- from the study. The study met its co-primary endpoints of freedom from pain (p<0.0001) and freedom from MBS including either nausea, phonophobia or photophobia (p<0.0001) at 2-hours following a single oral dose of rimegepant. The early onset and durable 48 hour efficacy observed inChina andSouth Korea is consistent with previous clinical trial results. In addition to the positive results on the co-primary endpoints, NURTEC ODT demonstrated rapid onset efficacy that was superior to placebo on multiple clinically important outcomes, including: pain relief at 2 hours (p < 0.0001); normal functioning at 2 hours post-dose (p<0.0001); no need for rescue medication within 24 hrs of dosing (p < 0.0001), and showed lasting efficacy with sustained pain freedom from 2 through 24 hours (p < 0.0001) and sustained pain freedom from 2 through 48 hours (p < 0.0001). Initial analysis of topline data indicates NURTEC ODT was numerically advantaged compared to placebo on multiple early-onset measures, including: pain relief within 45 minutes and freedom from MBS within 45 minutes; return to normal function within 60 min; and pain freedom within 90 min. Rimegepant also showed a favorable safety and tolerability profile among study participants that was consistent with prior clinical trial results inthe United States . Detailed data from the study will be presented at future medical meetings to help inform ongoing and future research. We expect to submit an NDA during the second half of 2022. Pursuant to the terms of our Pfizer Collaboration, we will continue to perform development activities required for the regulatory approval of rimegepant and zavegepant in all countries outside of theU.S. ("the Territory"). The development activities are to be performed under a mutually agreed-upon development plan. In addition, Pfizer has the right to conduct certain development activities in the Territory and will be the marketing authorization holder in all countries in the Territory where permitted under applicable law.
Zavegepant
BHV-3500, formerly "vazegepant", is now referred to as "zavegepant" (za ve' je pant). TheWorld Health Organization (WHO ) International Nonproprietary Names (INN) Expert Committee revised the name to "zavegepant" which was accepted by theUnited States Adopted Names Council for use in theU.S. and is pending formal adoption by the INN for international use.
Acute Treatment of Migraine
Administration of intranasal zavegepant in a Phase 1 clinical trial was initiated inOctober 2018 and achieved targeted therapeutic exposures. We advanced zavegepant into a Phase 2/3 trial to evaluate its efficacy for the acute treatment of migraine in the first quarter of 2019. We believed that intranasal zavegepant could provide an ultra-rapid onset of action that could be used in a complementary fashion with other migraine treatments when the speed of onset is critical to a patient and/or for patients experiencing severe nausea
and/or vomiting symptoms. In
InJanuary 2021 , we announced the initiation of the Phase 3 clinical trial for the use of intranasal zavegepant for the acute treatment of migraine and inDecember 2021 , we announced top-line results. The results of the study showed that zavegepant was statistically superior to placebo on the co-primary endpoints of pain freedom (24% vs 15%, p <.0001) and freedom from most bothersome symptom (40% vs 31%, p = 0.0012) at 2 hours. Zavegepant was superior to placebo demonstrating pain relief as early as 15 minutes, with patients achieving return to normal function as early as 30 minutes after dosing (p < 0.006). The efficacy benefits of zavegepant were durable, including superiority versus placebo (p < 0.05) on: sustained pain freedom 2 to 24 hours; sustained pain freedom 2 to 48 hours; sustained pain relief 2 to 24 hours; and sustained pain relief 2 to 48 hours. InMay 2022 , we announced that the FDA has filed and accepted for review an NDA for intranasal zavegepant for the acute treatment of migraine in adults. The Prescription Drug User Fee Act ("PDUFA") goal date for completion of the FDA review of the NDA is set for the first quarter of 2023.
Preventative Treatment of Migraine
InSeptember 2020 , we announced that the FDA authorized the initiation of clinical trials for oral zavegepant and that we had achieved first in human dosing in a Phase 1 trial designed to assess the safety and pharmacokinetics of oral formulations of zavegepant. InMarch 2021 , we announced that our Phase 2/3 clinical program to assess the efficacy of oral zavegepant in the preventive treatment of migraine began enrollment. The Phase 2/3 trial is ongoing with enrollment expected to complete in the first half of 2023.
COVID-19
InApril 2020 , we announced our plan to study intranasal zavegepant in pulmonary complications of COVID-19 disease. The IND was approved by theDivision of Pulmonary , Allergy, and Critical Care at FDA inApril 2020 , and a Phase 2 trial began inApril 2020 in collaboration withThomas Jefferson University and other academic medical institutions. The clinical trial will assess the potential benefits of CGRP receptor-blockade in mitigating an excessive immune response which in some cases can be fatal in COVID-19 patients.
Asthma
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zavegepant for the treatment of subjects with mild allergic asthma. Enrollment in the trial is ongoing.
Next Generation CGRP Receptor Antagonists
Several clinical candidates are being developed through a global collaboration and license agreement between Biohaven and Sosei Heptares. Under the agreement, Biohaven received exclusive global rights to develop, manufacture and commercialize a portfolio of novel, small-molecule CGRP receptor antagonists discovered by Sosei Heptares for the treatment of CGRP-mediated disorders. BHV-3100, previously known as HTL0022562, was developed successfully through preclinical trials by Sosei Heptares and demonstrated promising and differentiated properties in target CGRP-mediated disorders. During the fourth quarter of 2021, we decided to stop development of BHV-3100 based upon its emerging preclinical profile and will instead advance one of the portfolio's backup compounds in its place.
Kv7 Platform
BHV-7000
InApril 2022 , we closed the acquisition fromKnopp Biosciences LLC ("Knopp") ofChannel Biosciences, LLC , a wholly owned subsidiary of Knopp owning the assets of Knopp's Kv7 channel targeting platform, pursuant to a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, datedFebruary 24, 2022 . The acquisition of the Kv7 channel targeting platform adds the latest advances in ion-channel modulation to our growing neuroscience portfolio. BHV-7000 (formerly known as KB-3061), the lead asset from the Kv7 platform is an activator of Kv7.2/Kv7.3, a key ion channel involved in neuronal signaling and in regulating the hyperexcitable state in epilepsy. InJune 2022 , our Clinical Trial Application for BHV-7000 was approved byHealth Canada , and in July we began clinical development.
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is the initial disease we are targeting with activators from our Kv7 platform. Epilepsy affects approximately 3.5 million Americans, or more than 1.2% of adults and 0.6% of children in theU.S. , and more than 50 million patients worldwide, according to theWorld Health Organization ("WHO"). It is the fourth most common neurological disorder, and many patients struggle to achieve freedom from seizures, with more than one third of patients requiring two or more medications to manage their epilepsy. While the use of anti-seizure medications is often accompanied by dose-limiting side effects, our clinical candidate BHV-7000 is specifically designed to target subtypes of Kv7 potassium channels without engagement of GABAA receptors. The lack of GABAA-R activity potentially gives BHV-7000 a wide therapeutic window which we expect to result in an improved side effect profile, limiting the somnolence and fatigue often seen in patients receiving anti-seizure medications. By adding BHV-7000 to our
pipeline, we aim to bring this potassium channel modulator as a potential
solution to patients with epilepsy
KCNQ2 Epileptic Encephalopathy
We are currently exploring BHV-7000 as a potential treatment for KCNQ2 epileptic encephalopathy ("KCNQ2-EE"), a rare pediatric epileptic encephalopathy first described in 2012 resulting from dominant-negative mutations in the KCNQ2 gene. BHV-7000 has been granted Rare Pediatric Disease Designation by the FDA for the treatment of KCNQ2-EE. Neuropathic Pain Neuropathic pain, as defined by theInternational Association for the Study of Pain , is pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system and includes a collection of heterogeneous conditions that are often chronic and debilitating and for which long term therapy is difficult. Inthe United States , over 30 million adults are estimated to be living with neuropathic pain. Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of Kv7 targeting drugs in clinical trials for pain indications and in animal models. Selective Kv7 potassium channel activators represent a promising new approach in the development of non-opioid therapeutic options for neuropathic pain. In addition to leveraging reduced abuse and addiction risk potential of potassium channel activators, our Kv7 potassium channel platform addresses the complexities of channel subtype physiology through targeted pharmacology to overcome the limitations inherent in unbiased Kv7 activators and is intended to deliver a well-tolerated, highly effective, non-opioid treatment for neuropathic pain. We are currently evaluating the activity of BHV-7010 and other compounds from our proprietary series of selective Kv7.2/7.3 activators in multiple preclinical models of neuropathic pain. Mood disorders Approximately 1 in 5 adults in the US are living with neuropsychiatric illnesses that are, in turn, associated with inadequate treatment, poor quality of life, disability, and considerable direct and indirect costs. There is significant unmet need for novel and effective therapeutic options that are not limited by long latency periods to clinical effects, low response rates, and significant risks and side effects. Increasing evidence from animal models and clinical trials now suggests that Kv7.2/7.3 targeting drugs offer the potential to treat a spectrum of these neuropsychiatric diseases including, but not limited to, mood disorders such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and anxiety. 44 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Glutamate Platform
The most advanced product candidate from our glutamate receptor antagonist platform is troriluzole (previously referred to as trigriluzole and BHV-4157), which is in multiple Phase 3 trials. Other product candidates include BHV-5500, which is an antagonist of the glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate ("NMDA") receptor. Troriluzole Ataxias InMay 2022 , the Company announced top-line results from the Phase 3 clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of its investigational therapy, troriluzole, in patients with SCA. The primary endpoint, change from baseline to Week 48 on the modified functional Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (f-SARA), did not reach statistical significance in the overall SCA population as there was less than expected disease progression over the course of the study. In the overall study population (N=213), the troriluzole and placebo groups each had mean baseline scores of 4.9 on the f-SARA and the two groups showed minimal change at the 48-week endpoint with f-SARA scores of 5.1 and 5.2, respectively (p=0.76). Post hoc analysis of efficacy measures by genotype suggests a treatment effect in patients with the SCA Type 3 ("SCA3") genotype, which represents the most common form of SCA and accounted for 41% of the study population. In the SCA3 subgroup, troriluzole showed a numerical treatment benefit on the change in f-SARA score from baseline to Week 48 compared to placebo (least squares ("LS") mean change difference -0.55, nominal p-value = 0.053, 95% CI: -1.12, 0.01). SCA patients treated with troriluzole showed minimal disease progression over the study period. Further, in patients in the SCA3 subgroupwho were able to walk without assistance at baseline (i.e., f-SARA Gait Item score = 1), troriluzole demonstrated a greater numerical treatment benefit on the change in f-SARA score from baseline to Week 48 compared to placebo (LS mean change difference -0.71, nominal p-value = 0.031, 95% CI: -1.36, -0.07). Notably, the f-SARA is a novel, 16-point scale developed in collaboration with FDA as the primary outcome measure for this trial; the scale was designed to limit subjectivity of the scale and focus on functional aspects of the disease so that significant changes would be considered clinically meaningful. Across all genotypes, patientswho were able to ambulate at baseline (i.e., f-SARA Gait Item score = 1) showed a reduction in the relative risk of falls in troriluzole-treated patients versus placebo. Patient reported falls, as measured by adverse events reveal an approximately 58% reduction of fall risk in the troriluzole group (10% versus 23% AE incidence of falls in the troriluzole and placebo groups, respectively; nominal p=0.043). The reduction of falls in the troriluzole group combined with the progression of f-SARA scores in the untreated SCA3 group compared to SCA3 patients on troriluzole demonstrates that SCA3 patients are experiencing a clinically meaningful improvement in ataxia symptoms on troriluzole treatment. Given these findings and the debilitating nature of SCA, we intend to share the SCA3 genotype data with regulators and work with the FDA to address the high unmet need in this patient population.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
A Phase 2/3 double-blind, randomized, controlled trial to assess the efficacy of troriluzole in OCD commenced inDecember 2017 . The Phase 2/3 study results were announced inJune 2020 . Troriluzole 200 mg administered once daily as adjunctive therapy in OCD patients with inadequate response to standard of care treatment showed consistent numerical improvement over placebo on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) at all study timepoints (weeks 4 to 12) but did not meet the primary outcome measure at week 12 (p = 0.22 at week 12), including significant improvement at week 8 (p < 0.05). Troriluzole was well tolerated with a safety profile consistent with past clinical trial experience. Given the strong signal in the Phase 2/3 proof of concept study and after receiving feedback from the FDA in an End of Phase 2 meeting, inDecember 2020 we initiated enrollment in the Phase 3 program. Two Phase 3 studies are currently ongoing with enrollment expected to be completed in 2023.
Glioblastoma
InDecember 2021 , theGlobal Coalition for Adaptive Research ("GCAR") selected troriluzole for evaluation in Glioblastoma Adaptive Global Innovative Learning Environment - NCT03970447 ("GBM AGILE"). GBM AGILE is a revolutionary patient-centered, adaptive platform trial for registration that tests multiple therapies for patients with newly-diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma ("GBM"), the most fatal form of brain cancer. Troriluzole will be evaluated in all patient subgroups of the trial which include newly-diagnosed methylated O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase ("MGMT"), newly-diagnosed unmethylated MGMT, and recurrent GBM. Troriluzole was selected for inclusion in GBM AGILE based on compelling evidence showing deregulation of glutamate in GBM. The therapeutic potential of troriluzole in GBM and other oncology indications is supported by several recent clinical and translational research studies conducted with troriluzole and its active moiety.
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BHV-5500
We are developing BHV-5500 (lanicemine), a low-trapping NMDA receptor antagonist. One potential target indication includes Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
45 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ("CRPS"). CRPS is a rare, chronic pain condition typically affecting limbs and triggered by traumatic injury. Accompanying symptoms also include chronic inflammation and reduced mobility in the affected areas. Other disorders of interest include post-herpetic neuralgia and diabetic peripheral neuralgia. We acquired worldwide rights to BHV-5500 under an exclusive license agreement withAstraZeneca AB inOctober 2016 . Current work is focused on formulation development. MPO Platform Verdiperstat We are developing verdiperstat (previously BHV-3241), an oral myeloperoxidase inhibitor for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. One potential target indication is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ("ALS"). InSeptember 2019 , we announced that verdiperstat was selected to be studied in the Phase 3 HEALEY ALS Platform Trial, which is being conducted by the Sean M.Healey &AMG Center for ALS atMassachusetts General Hospital in collaboration with theNortheast ALS Consortium ("NEALS") clinical trial network. Promising investigational drugs were chosen for the HEALEY ALS Platform Trial through a competitive process, with the Healey Center providing partial financial support to successful applicants. The Phase 3 HEALEY ALS Platform Trial of verdiperstat began enrollment inJuly 2020 . Enrollment in the trial was completed inNovember 2021 , with results expected in the second half of 2022. Verdiperstat was progressed through Phase 2 clinical trials by AstraZeneca. Seven clinical studies have been completed by AstraZeneca, including four Phase 1 studies in healthy subjects, two Phase 2a studies in subjects with Parkinson's disease, and one Phase 2b study in subjects with MSA. We have entered into an exclusive license agreement with AstraZeneca for the product candidate.
Myostatin Platform
Taldefgrobep Alfa (BHV-2000)
InFebruary 2022 , we announced that we entered into a worldwide license agreement with BMS for the development and commercialization rights to taldefgrobep alfa (also known as BMS-986089 and now referred to as BHV-2000), a novel, Phase 3-ready anti-myostatin adnectin. Myostatin is a natural protein that limits skeletal muscle growth, an important process in healthy muscular development. However, in patients with neuromuscular diseases, active myostatin can critically limit the growth needed to achieve developmental and functional milestones. Myostatin inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy for enhancing muscle mass and strength in a range of pediatric and adult neuromuscular conditions. Taldefgrobep is a muscle-targeted treatment for neuromuscular disease and offers the opportunity for combination therapy. InJuly 2022 , we commenced enrollment in a Phase 3 clinical trial of BHV-2000 assessing the efficacy and safety of taldefgrobep alfa in Spinal Muscle Atrophy ("SMA"). SMA is a rare, progressively debilitating motor neuron disease in which development and growth of muscle mass are compromised, resulting in progressive weakness and muscle atrophy, reduced motor function, impaired quality of life and often death. The Phase 3 placebo-controlled, double-blind trial is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of taldefgrobep as an adjunctive therapy for participantswho are already taking a stable dose of nusinersen or risdiplam or have a history of treatment with onasemnogene abeparvovec-xioi, compared to placebo. The study is not restricted nor limited to patients based on ambulatory status or classification of SMA. We expect to enroll approximately 180 patients in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled global trial.
InJanuary 2021 , we acquired the remaining approximately 58% of Kleo that we did not previously own. We have assumed Kleo's laboratory facilities located inScience Park inNew Haven, Connecticut and formedBiohaven Labs to serve as the integrated chemistry and discovery research arm of Biohaven.Biohaven Labs will continue several existing Kleo discovery partnerships, including one with theBill and Melinda Gates Foundation for the development of a Hyperimmune Globulin Mimic for COVID-19 and one with PeptiDream for the development of immuno-oncology therapeutics (See Note 6). Biohaven's proprietary Multimodal Antibody Therapy Enhancer ("MATE") conjugation technology uses a new class of synthetic peptide binders to target the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 that are then selectively conjugated to commercially available intravenous immunoglobulin. The Biohaven synthetic binders for SARS-CoV2 were designed to establish a much wider area and number of contacts with the spike protein that other agents like monoclonal antibodies. InFebruary 2021 , we announced that BHV-1200, developed with Biohaven's proprietary MATE platform, has demonstrated functional binding and neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, including the strains known as the "English" and "South African" variants (also known as B.1.1.7 and B.1.351, respectively). The preliminary experiments conducted byBiohaven Labs and an academic collaborator demonstrated that BHV-1200 substantially reduced viral entry into cells. Accelerated development of the COVID-19 MATE program has been supported by theBill and Melinda Gates Foundation . In addition, the in vitro data indicated that BHV-1200 may activate important immune system components including antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. We believe our proprietary MATE-conjugation technology could also be used against other infectious diseases by changing the targeting moiety of its antibody binders. 46
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Option and License Agreement with the
InOctober 2018 , we entered into an exclusive, worldwide option and license agreement (the "UConn Agreement") with theUniversity of Connecticut ("UConn") for the development and commercialization rights to UC1MT, a therapeutic antibody targeting extracellular metallothionein. Under this agreement, we have the option to acquire an exclusive, worldwide license to UC1MT and its underlying patents to develop and commercialize throughout the world in all human indications. If we choose to exercise the option, we would be obligated to pay UConn milestone payments upon the achievement of specified regulatory and commercial milestones, and royalties of a low single-digit percentage of net sales of licensed products.
InMay 2019 , we entered into an agreement withFox Chase Chemical Diversity Center Inc. ("FCCDC") for FCCDC's TDP-43 assets (the "FCCDC Agreement"). The FCCDC Agreement provides us with a plan and goal to identify one or more new chemical entity candidates for preclinical development for eventual clinical evaluation for the treatment of one or more TDP-43 proteinopathies. In connection with the FCCDC Agreement, Biohaven and FCCDC have established a TDP-43 Research Plan that provides for certain milestones to be achieved by FCCDC, and milestone payments to be made by us.
Sosei Heptares
InNovember 2020 , we entered into a global collaboration and license agreement with Sosei Heptares, an international biopharmaceutical group focused on the discovery and early development of new medicines originating from their proprietary GPCR-targeted StaR technology and structure-based drug design platform capabilities. Under the agreement, Sosei Heptares will be eligible to receive development, regulatory and commercialization milestone payments, as well as tiered royalties on net sales of products resulting from the collaboration. In return, we will receive exclusive global rights to develop, manufacture and commercialize a portfolio of novel, small-molecule CGRP receptor antagonists discovered by Sosei Heptares for the treatment of CGRP-mediated disorders.
InDecember 2020 , we entered into an Option and License Agreement withArtizan Biosciences Inc. ("Artizan"), a biotechnology company focused on addressing inflammatory diseases involving the human intestinal microbiota. Pursuant to the agreement, we acquired an option to obtain a royalty-based license from Artizan to manufacture, use and commercialize certain products. Artizan will use the proceeds to continue advancing the preclinical research and development of its lead program for inflammatory bowel disease, which is anticipated to enter the clinic in early 2023, as well as to explore additional disease targets. InNovember 2021 , we announced a collaborative therapeutic discovery and development program in Parkinson's disease ("PD"), to exploit recent scientific advances in the understanding of pathogenic roles played by the gut microbiome in PD. BHV-1100 In the fourth quarter of 2021, Biohaven initiated a Phase 1a/1b trial in multiple myeloma patients using its antibody recruiting molecule ("ARM") BHV-1100 in combination with autologous cytokine induced memory-like ("CIML") natural killer ("NK") cells and immune globulin ("IG") to target and kill multiple myeloma cells expressing the cell surface protein CD38. BHV-1100 is the lead clinical asset from Biohaven's Antibody Recruiting Molecule ("ARM™") Platform developed from a strategic alliance with PeptiDream Inc. (TYO: 4587). This clinical trial will assess the safety and tolerability as well as exploratory efficacy endpoints in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patientswho have tested positive for minimal residual disease ("MRD+") in first remission prior to autologous stem cell transplant ("ASCT").
InJuly 2021 , Biohaven entered into a development and license agreement withReliant Glycosciences, LLC ("Reliant") for collaboration on a program withBiohaven Labs' multifunctional molecules to develop and commercialize conjugated antibodies for therapeutic uses relating to IgA nephropathy and treatment of other diseases and conditions. Under the Agreement, Reliant was entitled to an upfront share payment and will be eligible to receive development milestone payments and royalties of net sales of licensed products.
TRPM3 Antagonists
InJanuary 2022 , we entered into the KU Leuven Agreement to develop and commercialize TRPM3 antagonists to address the growing proportion of people worldwide living with chronic pain disorders. The TRPM3 antagonist platform was discovered at theCentre for Drug Design and Discovery and theLaboratory of Ion Channel Research at KU Leuven. Under the KU Leuven Agreement, we receive exclusive global rights to develop, manufacture and commercialize KU Leuven's portfolio of small-molecule TRPM3 antagonists. The portfolio includes the lead candidate, BHV-2100, which is being evaluated in several preclinical pain models and which we are advancing towards the clinic in 2023. We will support further basic and translational research at KU Leuven on the role of TRPM3 in pain and other disorders. Recent Developments
The following is a summary of key developments affecting our business in 2022.
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Pfizer Merger and Distribution Agreement
OnMay 9, 2022 , the Company, Pfizer and a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer ("Merger Sub"), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement"). Pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, Pfizer will acquire all outstanding shares of Biohaven for$148.50 per share in cash and Merger Sub will merge with and into the Company (the "Pfizer Merger"), with the Company surviving the Pfizer Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer. In connection with the Merger Agreement,Biohaven and Biohaven Research Ltd. ("New Biohaven") entered into a Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated as ofMay 9, 2022 (the "Distribution Agreement"). In connection with the Distribution Agreement, the Board of Directors of the Company approved and directed management to effect the spin-off of the Kv7 ion channel activator, glutamate modulation, MPO inhibition and myostatin inhibition platforms, preclinical product candidates, and certain corporate infrastructure currently owned by Biohaven, or collectively the "Biohaven Research Business". To implement the spin-off, the Company expects to transfer the related license agreements, intellectual property and corporate infrastructure, including certain non-commercial employee agreements, share based awards and other corporate agreements to New Biohaven, through a series of internal restructuring transactions, referred to as the pre-closing reorganization. To effect the spin-off, each of the Company's shareholders will receive one common share of New Biohaven for every two common shares of Biohaven held of record at the close of business on the record date for the distribution. Upon completion of the spin-off, New Biohaven will be a stand-alone, publicly traded company focused on the development of its Biohaven Research Business. Following the closing of the Pfizer Merger, New Biohaven will continue to operate under the Biohaven name and will be led byVlad Coric , MD, as Chairman and CEO, and include other members of the current management team of Biohaven. Immediately prior to the effective time of the spin-off, Pfizer or an affiliate of Pfizer will pay to the Company an amount equal to$275 million minus the marketable securities, cash and cash equivalents held by New Biohaven as of the close of business on the day prior to the date of the spin-off, subject to certain adjustments agreed to by the Company and Pfizer, and the Company will contribute such funding to New Biohaven. The Company and Pfizer also entered into a side letter, which provided that the SpinCo Funding Amount will also be reduced by approximately$4 million in connection with the purchase by the Company of shares of capital stock ofArtizan Biosciences Inc. , and by approximately$7 million of transaction expenses allocated toSpinCo . New Biohaven will also have the right to receive tiered royalties from Pfizer at percentage rates in the low-tens to mid-teens on any annual net sales of rimegepant and zavegepant inthe United States in excess of$5.25 billion . Pfizer expects to finance the transaction with existing cash on hand. Pfizer's acquisition of Biohaven is subject to the completion of the New Biohaven spin-off transaction and other customary closing conditions, including receipt of regulatory approvals and approval by Biohaven's shareholders. The companies expect the transaction to close by early 2023.
Pfizer Collaboration Agreement
InNovember 2021 , we entered into the Pfizer Collaboration, pursuant to which Pfizer would commercialize the product candidates containing the Company's proprietary compounds rimegepant (BHV-3000) and gains rights to zavegepant (BHV-3500) (the "Licensed Products") in all countries worldwide outside ofthe United States . In consideration thereof, inJanuary 2022 Pfizer made an upfront payment of$150.0 million to Biohaven upon receipt of the requisite regulatory approvals needed for the effectiveness of the Collaboration Agreement. In addition, inJanuary 2022 Pfizer purchased$350.0 million worth of Biohaven common shares at approximately$173.05 per share, equal to 125% of the volume weighted average price per share for the 20 consecutive trading days prior to the signing. We will be eligible to receive an aggregate additional$740.0 million in contingent payments based on specified commercial and sales-based milestones for the Licensed Products. We are also entitled to tiered, escalating royalties from the upper teens to twenty percent of net sales of Licensed Products in the Territory. In general, Pfizer's obligation to pay royalties continues on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis until the latest of ten years after the first commercial sale of such product in such country, the expiration of the patent rights covering such product in such country or the expiration of the period of exclusivity applicable to such product in such country. In addition to the upfront payments, contingent payments and royalties described above, Pfizer will also compensate us for a pro-rata share of certain of its sales-based milestone obligations owed to BMS under the BMS License, and related net sales royalties owed to BMS and RPI that result from Pfizer's commercialization and sale, respectively, of the Licensed Products in the Territory.
Merger Agreement with BioShin
OnNovember 9, 2021 , we entered into an agreement and plan of merger (the "Bioshin Merger Agreement") with BioShin. The Bioshin Merger Agreement provides for the merger of a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of the Company with and into BioShin, with BioShin surviving the merger as a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of the Company (the "BioShin Merger"). As a result of the satisfaction of the closing conditions described in the BioShin Merger Agreement, 48 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- onJanuary 6, 2022 , each Series A convertible preferred share of BioShin, no par value, other than Excluded Shares (as defined in the BioShin Merger Agreement), was converted into the right to receive 0.080121 of a Biohaven common share.
KU Leuven Agreement
InJanuary 2022 , we entered into the KU Leuven Agreement to develop and commercialize TRPM3 antagonists to address the growing proportion of people worldwide living with chronic pain disorders. The TRPM3 antagonist platform was discovered at theCentre for Drug Design and Discovery ("CD3") and theLaboratory of Ion Channel Research ("LICR") at KU Leuven. Under the KU Leuven Agreement, we receive exclusive global rights to develop, manufacture and commercialize KU Leuven's portfolio of small-molecule TRPM3 antagonists. The portfolio includes the lead candidate, henceforth known as BHV-2100, which has demonstrated promising efficacy in preclinical pain models and will be the first to advance towards Phase 1 studies. We will support further basic and translational research at KU Leuven on the role of TRPM3 in pain and other disorders. As consideration, KU Leuven received an an upfront cash payment of$3.0 million and 15,340 shares valued at$1.8 million , and is eligible to receive additional development, regulatory, and commercialization milestones payments of up to$327.8 million . In addition, KU Leuven will be eligible to receive mid-single digit royalties on net sales of products resulting from the collaboration. Kv7 Platform Acquisition InApril 2022 , the Company closed the acquisition fromKnopp Biosciences LLC ("Knopp") ofChannel Biosciences, LLC ("Channel"), a wholly owned subsidiary of Knopp owning the assets of Knopp's Kv7 channel targeting platform (the "Kv7 Platform Acquisition"), pursuant to a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the "Purchase Agreement"), datedFebruary 24, 2022 . In consideration for the Transaction, onApril 4, 2022 , we made an upfront payment comprised of$35 million in cash and 493,254 Biohaven common shares, valued at approximately$58.7 million , ("Biohaven Shares") issued through a private placement. We also agreed to pay additional success-based payments comprised of (i) up to$325 million based on developmental and regulatory milestones through approvals inthe United States , EMEA andJapan for the lead asset, BHV-7000 (formerly known as KB-3061), (ii) up to an additional$250 million based on developmental and regulatory milestones for the Kv7 pipeline development in other indications and additional country approvals, and (iii) up to$562.5 million for commercial sales-based milestones of BHV-7000. These contingent milestone payments may be paid in cash or Biohaven Shares at our election, but if we elect to pay in Biohaven Shares, such amounts are subject to increases of a mid-single-digit percentage increase (or in one case, a ten-percent increase). Additionally, we agreed to make
scaled royalty payments in cash for BHV-7000 and the pipeline programs, starting at high single digits and peaking at low teens for BHV-7000 and starting at mid-single digits and peaking at low tens for the pipeline programs.
We have also given Knopp the option to request a one-time cash true-up payment from us inDecember 2022 in the event that Knopp continues to hold Biohaven Shares issued as a component of the upfront payment and the value of such shares has declined, subject to certain conditions.
See Note 6, "Acquisitions" for discussion of the accounting for the Kv7 Platform Acquisition.
Taldefgrobep Alfa Platform License
InFebruary 2022 , following the transfer of intellectual property we announced that we entered into a worldwide license agreement with BMS for the development and commercialization rights to taldefgrobep alfa, a novel, Phase 3-ready anti-myostatin adnectin. The in-licensing of taldefgrobep expands our portfolio of innovative, late-stage product candidates for the treatment of neurologic, neuroinflammatory, and psychiatric indications. Under the terms of the agreement, we will receive worldwide rights to taldefgrobep alfa and BMS will be eligible for regulatory approval milestone payments, as well as tiered, sales-based royalty percentages from the high teens to the low twenties (see Note 13). We initiated a Phase 3 clinical trial of taldefgrobep alfa in SMA inJuly 2022 .
Artizan Series A-2 Preferred Stock Purchase
InJune 2022 , we entered into an Amendment to our Series A-2 Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement with Artizan. Under the Amendment, we made a cash payment of$4.0 million in exchange for 22,975,301 shares of series A-2 preferred stock of Artizan out of a total of 45,950,601 shares of series A-2 preferred stock of Artizan for a total raise of$8.0 million (the "A2 Extension Raise"). Along with the Amendment, we and Artizan executed a non-binding indication of interest ("Artizan Side Letter") which describes terms under which we and Artizan would amend the 2020 Artizan Agreement to eliminate certain milestone payments required by us in exchange for limiting our option to the selection of the first (ARZC-001) licensed product. The Artizan Side Letter requires Artizan to commit at least 80% of the funds raised in the A-2 Extension Raise to a certain program and to raise$35.0 million of additional capital within a certain time.
Components of Our Results of Operations
Product Revenue, Net
We began to recognize revenue from product sales, net of rebates, chargebacks, discounts and other adjustments, inMarch 2020 in conjunction with the launch of our first product, NURTEC ODT. We will continue to evaluate trends related to revenue 49
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momentum for NURTEC ODT, including any discernible impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. If our development efforts for our other product candidates are successful and result in regulatory approval, or additional license agreements with third parties, we may generate additional revenue in the future from product sales.
Collaboration and other revenue
We enter into licensing and collaboration agreements in which we are entitled to receive up-front payments, certain milestone payments and royalties. InNovember 2021 , we entered into a collaboration and license agreement and related sublicense agreement with Pfizer, pursuant to which Pfizer would commercialize the Licensed Products in all countries worldwide outside ofthe United States (see Note 13). Pursuant to ASC 606, during the six months endedJune 30, 2022 we recorded a portion of the transaction price received in connection with the Collaboration Agreement to collaboration and other revenue on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the amount representing performance obligations which had been satisfied during the period, including the transfer of intellectual property to Pfizer.
Operating Expenses
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales includes direct and indirect costs related to the manufacturing and distribution of NURTEC, including third-party manufacturing costs, packaging services, freight-in, third-party royalties payable on our net product revenues and amortization of intangible assets associated with NURTEC ODT.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs incurred in connection with the development of our product candidates. We expense research and development costs as incurred. These expenses include:
•expenses incurred under agreements with contract research organizations ("CROs") or contract manufacturing organizations ("CMOs"), as well as investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials, preclinical studies and other scientific development services;
•manufacturing scale-up expenses and the cost of acquiring and manufacturing preclinical and clinical trial materials and commercial materials, including manufacturing validation batches;
•employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and non-cash share-based compensation expense for
employees engaged in research and development functions;
•costs related to compliance with regulatory requirements;
•development milestone payments incurred prior to regulatory approval of the product candidate; and
•payments made in cash, equity securities or other forms of consideration under third-party licensing or other agreements prior to regulatory approval of the product candidate. We recognize external development costs based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using estimates of our clinical personnel or information provided to us by our service providers. Our external direct research and development expenses are tracked on a program-by-program basis for our product candidates and consist primarily of external costs, such as fees paid to outside consultants, CROs, CMOs, and central laboratories in connection with our preclinical development, process development, manufacturing and clinical development activities. Our direct research and development expenses by program also include fees and certain development milestones incurred under license agreements. We do not allocate employee costs, or other indirect costs, to specific programs because these costs are deployed across multiple programs and, as such, are not separately classified. We use internal resources primarily to oversee the research and development as well as for managing our preclinical development, process development, manufacturing and clinical development activities. Many employees work across multiple programs, and we do not track personnel costs by program. Product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage clinical trials. As a result, we expect that our research and development expenses will remain significant over the next several years as we increase personnel costs, conduct late-stage clinical trials, and prepare regulatory filings for our product candidates. We also expect to incur additional expenses related to milestone and royalty payments payable to third parties with whom we have entered into license agreements to acquire the rights to our product candidates. The successful development and commercialization of our product candidates is highly uncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate or know the nature, timing and costs of the efforts that will be necessary to complete the preclinical and clinical development of any of our product candidates or when, if ever, material net cash inflows may commence from any of our product candidates. This uncertainty is due to the 50 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
numerous risks and uncertainties associated with product development and commercialization, including the uncertainty of:
•the scope, progress, outcome and costs of our preclinical development activities, clinical trials and other research and development activities;
•establishment of an appropriate safety profile with IND-enabling studies;
•successful patient enrollment in, and the initiation and completion of, clinical trials;
•the timing, receipt and terms of any marketing approvals from applicable regulatory authorities;
•establishment of commercial manufacturing capabilities or making arrangements with third-party manufacturers;
•development and timely delivery of commercial-grade drug formulations that can be used in our clinical trials and for commercial launch;
•acquisition, maintenance, defense and enforcement of patent claims and other intellectual property rights;
•significant and changing government regulation;
•initiation of commercial sales of our product candidates, if and when approved, whether alone or in collaboration with others; and
•maintenance of a continued acceptable safety profile of the product candidates following approval.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, including salaries, benefits and travel expenses for our executive, commercial, finance, business, corporate development and other administrative functions; and non-cash share-based compensation expense. Selling, general and administrative expenses also include facilities and other related expenses, including rent, depreciation, maintenance of facilities, insurance and supplies; professional fees for expenses incurred under agreements with third parties relating to the commercialization of NURTEC ODT; and for public relations, audit, tax and legal services, including legal expenses to pursue patent protection of our intellectual property.
We anticipate that our selling, general and administrative expenses, including payroll and related expenses, will remain significant in the future as we
continue to expand our operations and organizational capabilities, continue to support our commercial activities associated with NURTEC ODT, and prepare for potential commercialization of our product candidates, if successfully developed and approved. We also anticipate increased expenses associated with general operations, including costs related to accounting and legal services, director and officer insurance premiums, facilities and other corporate infrastructure and office-related costs, such as information technology costs.
Other Income (Expense)
Interest Expense
Interest expense primarily consists of interest on our outstanding term loan with Sixth Street Specialty Lending, Inc., which includes interest expense on the outstanding loan balance, accretion of the debt discount and amortization of issuance costs. Our interest expense also includes implied interest on our finance leases associated with our commercial car fleet. We utilize the effective interest method to determine our interest expense on the term loan and finance leases and the straight-line method for the amortization of the debt issuance costs.
Interest Expense on Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Shares
Interest expense on mandatorily redeemable preferred shares is being recognized in connection with the issuance of series A preferred shares and series B preferred shares pursuant to the Series A preferred share purchase agreement and Series B preferred shares forward contracts we entered into with RPI. Since we are required to redeem the series A preferred shares for 2x the original purchase price in equal quarterly installments byDecember 31, 2024 and the series B preferred shares for 1.77x the original purchase price in equal installments beginning onMarch 31, 2025 and endingDecember 31, 2030 , we concluded that the Series A preferred shares and Series B preferred shares are mandatorily redeemable instruments and initially classified the preferred shares at their fair value as a liability. Interest expense on the mandatorily redeemable preferred shares represents the accretion of the carrying value of the preferred shares liability to its redemption value using the effective interest rate method.
Change in Fair Value of Derivatives
The fair value of our derivative liabilities are determined based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which represent Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. We utilized the with-and-without valuation method to determine the fair value of our derivative liabilities. As inputs into the valuations, we assessed a change of control as highly probable by early 2023, and considered the amount and timing of the payments with and without a change of control and risk-adjusted discount rates ranging from low single-digits to mid-twenties. In accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives 51 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- and Hedging, the fair value of the derivatives are recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as derivative liabilities with changes in fair value recorded in other income (expense) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. If factors change and different assumptions are used, the fair value of the derivative liabilities and related gains or losses could be materially different in the future.
Interest Expense on Liability Related to Sale of Future Royalties
We have accounted for the 2018 RPI Funding Agreement and a unit of accounting of the 2020 RPI Funding Agreement withRPI Trust both as liability financings, primarily because they have significant continuing involvement in generating the future revenue on which the royalties are based. The liabilities related to sale of future royalties and the related interest expense are measured based on our current estimate of the timing and amount of future royalties expected to be paid over the estimated terms of the 2018 RPI Funding Agreement and 2020 RPI Funding Agreement. The liabilities are amortized using the effective interest rate method, resulting in recognition of interest expense over the estimated term of the agreement. Each reporting period, we assess the estimated timing and amount of future expected royalty payments over the estimated terms. If there is a change to one of the estimates, we recognize the impact to the liability's amortization schedule and the related interest expense prospectively. Our estimate of the amount of expected future royalties to be paid considers the probability of success of compounds not yet approved for sale, and market penetration rates, compliance rate, and net pricing of both NURTEC ODT and compound not yet approved for sale. Additionally, the transaction costs associated with the liabilities will be amortized to interest expense over the estimated term of the 2018 RPI Funding Agreement and 2020 RPI Funding Agreement, respectively.
Gain from
Prior to our acquisition of Kleo inJanuary 2021 , we owned approximately 41.9% of the outstanding shares as ofDecember 31, 2020 , and accounted for our investment in Kleo under the equity method of accounting. As a result, our proportionate share of Kleo's net income or loss each reporting period was included in other income (expense), net, in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and results in a corresponding adjustment to the carrying value of the equity method investment on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.
On
Provision for Income Taxes
As a company incorporated in theBritish Virgin Islands ("BVI"), we are principally subject to taxation in the BVI. Under the current laws of the BVI, tax on a company's income is assessed at a zero percent tax rate. As a result, we have not recorded any income tax benefits from losses incurred in the BVI during each reporting period, and no net operating loss carryforwards will be available to us for those losses. We have historically outsourced all of the research and clinical development for our programs under a master services agreements with our wholly owned subsidiary,Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , aDelaware corporation ("BPI"). As a result of providing services under this agreement and profit from US commercial sales of NURTEC ODT, BPI was profitable during the six months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021, and BPI is subject to taxation inthe United States . InAugust 2020 , we completed an intra-entity asset transfer of certain of our intellectual property to our Irish subsidiary. As a result of the transfer, we recorded a deferred tax asset of$875.0 million for the step up in tax basis received pursuant to Irish tax law. Based on our analysis of all available objective evidence, we concluded that it was more likely than not that the deferred tax asset from the intra-entity transfer will not be realized due to the lack of net operating income history of our subsidiary. Therefore, we established a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax asset inIreland . We continue to maintain a valuation allowance against our US deferred tax assets. We periodically review our position and have determined that a full valuation allowance on these assets was appropriate due to future stock based compensation deductions as ofJune 30, 2022 . We will continue to evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets until there is sufficient positive evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of these allowances. We anticipate the commercialization of NURTEC ODT will result in future earnings and believe sufficient positive evidence may become available to allow us to reach a conclusion that a significant portion, or all, of the valuation allowance will no longer be needed. Release of the valuation allowance would result in the recognition of certain deferred tax assets and a decrease to income tax expense for the period the release is recorded. However, the exact timing and amount of the valuation allowance release is subject to change on the basis of the level of profitability that we are able to actually achieve. InJanuary 2021 , we completed the acquisition of Kleo. The acquisition and inclusion of Kleo did not result in a material impact on the provision for income taxes or the effective tax rate for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2022 or 2021. We recorded a full valuation allowance against our Kleo US deferred tax assets and will periodically review our position and have determined that a full valuation allowance on these 52 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- assets was appropriate due to Kleo's cumulative loss history. We will continue to evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets until there is sufficient positive evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of these allowances.
We recorded income tax provisions during the three and six months ended
$4.4 million and$8.2 million during the three and six months endedJune 30, 2021 , respectively. The income tax provisions recorded primarily represent US federal and state taxes resulting from general business credit limitations in 2021 and the mandatory capitalization of R&D expenses effectiveJanuary 1, 2022 under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
Results of Operations
Comparison of the Three Months Ended
The following tables summarize our results of operations for the three months
ended
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Change In thousands Revenues: Product revenue, net$ 193,954 $ 92,933 $ 101,021 Collaboration and other revenue 21,125 - 21,125 Total revenues 215,079 92,933 122,146 Operating expenses: Cost of sales 35,741 17,339 18,402 Research and development 218,480 77,428 141,052 Selling, general and administrative 250,455 170,057 80,398 Total operating expenses 504,676 264,824 239,852 Loss from operations (289,597) (171,891) (117,706) Other income (expense): Interest expense (17,114) (7,836) (9,278)
Interest expense on mandatorily redeemable preferred shares
(8,077) (8,042) (35)
Interest expense on liability related to sale of future royalties
(18,045) (14,499) (3,546) Change in fair value of derivatives (111,197) (1,490) (109,707) Other income (expense), net 2,229 (3,051) 5,280 Total other expense, net (152,204) (34,918) (117,286) Loss before provision for income taxes (441,801) (206,809) (234,992) Provision for income taxes 84 4,350 (4,266) Net loss (441,885) (211,159) (230,726) Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests 498 540 (42)
Net loss attributable to common shareholders of
$
(441,387)
Product revenue, net
Net product revenue was$194.0 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2022 , compared to$92.9 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2021 . The increase of$101.0 million in net product revenues is primarily due to increased NURTEC ODT sales volume as well as an increase in average pills per prescription during the during the three months endedJune 30, 2022 , compared to the three months endedJune 30, 2021 . The increase was partially offset by additional rebate contracts and improved allowances from patient affordability support.
Collaboration and other revenue
Collaboration and other revenue was$21.1 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2022 . No collaboration and other revenue was recognized for the three months endedJune 30, 2021 . The collaboration and other revenue recognized during the three months endedJune 30, 2022 was primarily due variable consideration of$20.0 million recognized as part of our Collaboration Agreement with Pfizer (see Note 13). 53
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Cost of Sales
Cost of sales was$35.7 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2022 , compared to$17.3 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2021 . Our cost of sales is related to royalties on net sales payable to BMS under a license agreement, manufacturing costs for NURTEC ODT, certain distribution costs and amortization of intangible assets related to milestone payments toBMS and Catalent, Inc. ("Catalent"). See Note 13 "Collaboration, License and Other Agreements" to our condensed consolidated financial statements for more information on the BMS agreements. The increase of$18.4 million in costs of goods sold was primarily due to increased NURTEC ODT sales during the three months endedJune 30, 2022 , compared to the three months endedJune 30, 2021 .
Research and Development Expenses
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Change In thousands Direct research and development expenses by program: BHV-7000$ 119,515 $ -$ 119,515 Rimegepant 24,309 13,976 10,333 Troriluzole 13,125 13,068 57 Zavegepant 6,690 11,470 (4,780) Verdiperstat 4,014 8,613 (4,599) BHV-2000 4,126 - 4,126 TRPM3 277 - 277 Other programs 2,933 38 2,895 Unallocated research and development costs: Personnel related (including non-cash share-based compensation) 32,091 19,919 12,172 Preclinical research programs 5,254 4,706 548 Other 6,146 5,638 508 Total research and development expenses $
218,480
R&D expenses, including non-cash share-based compensation costs, were$218.5 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2022 , compared to$77.4 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2021 . The increase of$141.1 million was primarily due to an increase of$119.5 million in expense for BHV-7000, an increase of$10.3 million in program expenses for rimegepant, and an increase of$12.2 million in personnel costs related to increases in headcount. The$119.5 million increase in expense for BHV-7000 was primarily due to the Kv7 Platform Acquisition, which resulted in$93.7 million of expense recorded to R&D during the three months endedJune 30, 2022 , and a$25.0 million milestone payment accrued during the second quarter of 2022 which became payable inJune 2022 . These increases were partially offset by a decrease in program expense for zavegepant of$4.8 million , primarily due to the conclusion of a Phase 3 clinical trial for the acute treatment of migraines inDecember 2021 with positive topline results, and a decrease in program expense for Verdiperstat of$4.6 million . Non-cash share-based compensation expense was$16.6 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2022 , an increase of$7.4 million as compared to the same period in 2021. The increase in non-cash share-based compensation expense was primarily due to increases in headcount and the amortization of our annual equity incentive awards granted in the first quarter of 2022 which had an
increased fair value per award than the annual equity incentive awards granted in the first quarter of 2021.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
SG&A expenses, including non-cash share-based compensation costs, were$250.5 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2022 , compared to$170.1 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2021 . The increase of$80.4 million was primarily due to increases in spending to support the increased commercial sales of NURTEC ODT, including the launch of NURTEC ODT for the preventative treatment of migraine which was approved by the FDA in May of 2021. The increased spending included increases in marketing and advertising expenses, professional fees and non-cash share based compensation. Additionally, approximately$9.6 million of the increased SG&A expense related to fees incurred in connection with the Pfizer Merger, including increased legal and accounting costs. Less than half of the SG&A expense was for commercial organization personnel costs, excluding non-cash share-based compensation expense. Non-cash share-based compensation expense was$23.6 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2022 , an increase of$7.3 million as compared to the same period in 2021. The increase in non-cash share-based compensation expense was primarily due to increases in headcount 54 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
and the amortization of our annual equity incentive awards granted in the first quarter of 2022 which had an increased fair value per award than the annual equity incentive awards granted in the first quarter of 2021.
Other Expense, Net
Other expense, net was$152.2 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2022 , compared to net expense of$34.9 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2021 . The increase of$117.3 million in net expense was primarily due to the change in fair value of derivative liabilities, as well as increased interest expense as a result of additional borrowings under our
debt facility (see Note 4 "Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities" and Note 14 "Debt.")
Provision for Income Taxes We recorded an income tax provision of$0.1 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2022 , compared to a provision for income taxes of$4.4 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2021 . The decrease in income tax expense of$4.3 million was primarily attributable to the timing of income subject to taxation for the Company's profitable operations inthe United States .
Comparison of the Six Months Ended
The following tables summarize our results of operations for the six months
ended
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Change In thousands Product revenue, net$ 317,544 $ 136,756 $ 180,788 Collaboration and other revenue 216,387 - 216,387 Total revenues 533,931 136,756 397,175 Operating expenses: Cost of sales 62,083 30,201 31,882 Research and development 337,579 184,539 153,040 Selling, general and administrative 477,698 329,580 148,118 Total operating expenses 877,360 544,320 333,040 Loss from operations (343,429) (407,564) 64,135 Other income (expense): Interest expense (34,330) (15,567) (18,763)
Interest expense on mandatorily redeemable preferred shares
(15,994) (15,985) (9) Interest expense on liability related to sale of future royalties (35,359) (28,007) (7,352) Change in fair value of derivatives (107,593) (1,700) (105,893) Gain (loss) from equity method investment - 5,261 (5,261) Other 2,310 (4,751) 7,061 Total other expense, net (190,966) (60,749) (130,217) Loss before provision for income taxes (534,395) (468,313) (66,082) Provision for income taxes 24,387 8,174 16,213 Net loss (558,782) (476,487) (82,295) Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests 996 900 96
Deemed dividend upon repurchase of preferred shares in consolidated subsidiary
(92,673) - (92,673) Net loss attributable to Biohaven Pharmaceutical Holding Company Ltd.$ (650,459) $ (475,587) $ (174,872) Product revenue, net We began recording product revenues in the first quarter of 2020 following the approval of NURTEC ODT by the FDA onFebruary 27, 2020 and its subsequent commercial launch in theU.S. inMarch 2020 . Net product revenue was$317.5 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 , compared to$136.8 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2021 . The increase of$180.8 million in net product revenues is primarily due to increased NURTEC ODT sales volume as well as an increase in average pills per prescription during the six months endedJune 30, 2022 compared the six months endedJune 30, 2021 . The increase partially offset by additional rebate contracts and improved allowances from patient affordability support. 55 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Collaboration and other revenue
Collaboration and other revenue was$216.4 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 . No collaboration and other revenue was recognized for the six months endedJune 30, 2021 . The collaboration and other revenue recognized during the six months endedJune 30, 2022 was primarily due to$194.4 million recognized upon the satisfaction of our performance obligation for the delivery of the license and sublicense to commercialize Rimegepant outside of theU.S. as part of our Collaboration Agreement with Pfizer (see Note 13). In addition, in the second quarter of 2022 we recognized$20.0 million of variable consideration relating to our Collaboration Agreement with Pfizer.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales was$62.1 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 , compared to$30.2 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2021 . Our cost of sales is related to royalties on net sales payable to BMS under a license agreement, manufacturing costs for NURTEC ODT, certain distribution costs and amortization of intangible assets related to milestone payments to BMS and Catalent. The increase of$31.9 million in cost of sales was primarily due to increased NURTEC ODT sales during the six months endedJune 30, 2022 , compared to the six months endedJune 30, 2021 .
Research and Development Expenses
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Change In thousands Direct research and development expenses by program: BHV-7000$ 119,515 $ -$ 119,515 Rimegepant 43,425 30,968 12,457 Troriluzole 26,642 29,682 (3,040) Zavegepant 14,164 34,218 (20,054) Verdiperstat 9,093 15,401 (6,308) BHV-2000 7,006 - 7,006 TRPM3 6,154 - 6,154 Other programs 5,721 42 5,679 Unallocated research and development costs: Personnel related (including non-cash share-based compensation) 83,252 50,596 32,656 Preclinical research programs 11,325 15,188 (3,863) Other 11,282 8,444 2,838 Total research and development expenses$ 337,579
R&D expenses, including non-cash share-based compensation costs, were$337.6 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 , compared to$184.5 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2021 . The increase of$153.0 million was primarily due to an increase of$119.5 million in expense for BHV-7000, an increase of$12.5 million in program expenses for rimegepant, and an increase of$32.7 million in personnel costs related to increases in headcount. The$119.5 million increase in expense for BHV-7000 was primarily due to the Kv7 Platform Acquisition, which resulted in$93.7 million of expense recorded to R&D during the three months endedJune 30, 2022 , and a$25.0 million milestone payment accrued during the second quarter of 2022 which became payable inJune 2022 . These increases were partially offset by a decrease in program expense for zavegepant of$20.1 million , primarily due to the conclusion of a Phase 3 clinical trial for the acute treatment of migraines inDecember 2021 with positive topline results, and a decrease in program expense for Verdiperstat of$6.3 million . Non-cash share-based compensation expense was$50.6 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 , an increase of$21.2 million as compared to the same period in 2021. The increase in non-cash share-based compensation expense was primarily due to increases in headcount and our annual equity incentive awards granted in the first quarter of 2022 which had an increased fair value per award than the annual equity incentive awards granted in the first quarter of 2021.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
SG&A expenses, including non-cash share-based compensation costs, were$477.7 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 , compared to$329.6 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2021 . The increase of$148.1 million was primarily due to increases in spending to support the increased commercial sales of NURTEC ODT, including the launch of NURTEC ODT for the preventative treatment of migraine which was approved by the FDA in May of 2021. The increased spending included increases in marketing and advertising expenses, professional fees and non-cash share based compensation. Less than half of the 56 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SG&A expense was for commercial organization personnel costs, excluding non-cash share-based compensation expense. Additionally, approximately$9.6 million of the increased SG&A expense related to fees incurred in connection with the Pfizer Merger, including increased legal and accounting costs. Less than half of the SG&A expense was for commercial organization personnel costs, excluding non-cash share-based compensation expense. Non-cash share-based compensation expense was$71.5 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 , an increase of$26.5 million as compared to the same period in 2021. The increase in non-cash share-based compensation expense was primarily due to increases in headcount and our annual equity incentive awards granted in the first quarter of 2022 which had an increased fair value per award than the annual equity incentive awards granted in the first quarter of 2021.
Other Expense, Net
Other expense, net was a net expense of$191.0 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 , compared to net expense of$60.7 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2021 . The increase of 130.2 million in net expense was primarily due to the change in fair value of our derivative liabilities, as well as increased interest expense as a result of additional borrowings under our debt facility (see Note 4 "Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities" and Note 14 "Debt.").
Provision for Income Taxes
We recorded a provision for income taxes of
compared to a provision for income taxes of
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since our inception, we have incurred significant operating losses and negative cash flows from our operations. We have funded our operations primarily with proceeds from sales of our common and preferred equity, sales of revenue participation rights related to future royalties, proceeds from a senior secured credit facility and the Collaboration Agreement with Pfizer. In addition, we began to generate net product revenue in the first quarter of 2020 in conjunction with the launch of our first product, NURTEC ODT.
As of
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for each of the periods presented: Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Change In thousands Net cash used in operating activities$ (157,680) $ (432,716) $ 275,036 Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities (187,301) 160,636 (347,937) Net cash provided by financing activities 409,917 446,187 (36,270) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash (2,722) (189) (2,533)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
$ 173,918 $ (111,704)
Operating Activities
During the six months endedJune 30, 2022 , net cash used in operating activities was$157.7 million , a decrease of$275.0 million as compared to the six months endedJune 30, 2021 . The decrease in net cash used in operations was primarily due to$248.0 million in upfront consideration received from Pfizer at the closing of the Collaboration Agreement inJanuary 2022 and an increase in cash receipts from an increase in net product revenue from sales of NURTEC ODT, partially offset by an increase in SG&A expenses due to increased costs to support the commercial growth of NURTEC ODT
and an increase in R&D expenses to support our portfolio of late stage product candidates and preclinical assets.
Investing Activities
During the six months endedJune 30, 2022 , net cash used in investing activities was$187.3 million , an increase of$347.9 million as compared to the six months endedJune 30, 2021 . The increase in net cash used in investing activities was primarily due the$93.7 million acquisition of the Kv7 platform of which$35.0 million was paid in cash and the remainder in 57 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Biohaven common shares, an increase of$246.8 million in purchases of marketable securities, a decrease of$45.4 million in sales and maturities of marketable securities, and an increase of$20.0 million due to a payment for an intangible asset during the six months endedJune 30, 2022 . The$20.0 million payment for an intangible asset is a milestone payment to BMS related to the approval of Vydura (rimegepant) in theEuropean Union .
Financing Activities
During the six months endedJune 30, 2022 , net cash provided by financing activities was$409.9 million , a decrease of$36.3 million compared to the six months endedJune 30, 2021 . The decrease in net cash provided by financing activities was primarily due to a decrease in proceeds from the issuance of common shares of$56.7 million and non-recurring cash proceeds of$100.0 million from RPI related to the 2020 RPI Funding Agreement during the six months endedJune 30, 2022 , partially offset by a$125.0 million increase in proceeds from issuance of long-term debt.
Pfizer Collaboration Agreement
InNovember 2021 , we entered into the Collaboration Agreement with Pfizer, pursuant to which Pfizer would commercialize the Licensed Products in all countries worldwide outside ofthe United States . In consideration thereof, inJanuary 2022 Pfizer made an upfront payment of$150.0 million to Biohaven upon receipt of the requisite regulatory approvals needed for the effectiveness of the Collaboration Agreement. In addition, inJanuary 2022 Pfizer purchased$350.0 million worth of Biohaven common shares at approximately$173.05 per share. We will be eligible to receive an aggregate additional$740.0 million in contingent payments based on specified commercial and sales-based milestones for the Licensed Products. We are also entitled to tiered, escalating royalties from the upper teens to twenty percent of net sales of Licensed Products in the Territory. In general, Pfizer's obligation to pay royalties continues on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis until the latest of ten years after the first commercial sale of such product in such country, the expiration of the patent rights covering such product in such country or the expiration of the period of exclusivity applicable to such product in such country. In addition to the upfront payments, contingent payments and royalties described above, Pfizer will also compensate us for a pro-rata share of certain of our sales-based milestone obligations owed to BMS under the BMS License, and related net sales royalties owed to BMS and RPI that result from Pfizer's commercialization and sale, respectively, of the Licensed Products in the Territory. As ofJune 30, 2022 , we have recognized$20.0 million of variable consideration related to the collaboration agreement with Pfizer. See Note 13, "Collaboration, License and Other Agreements" to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for
additional information regarding our Collaboration Agreement with Pfizer.
Credit Facility
InAugust 2020 , we entered into a financing agreement, as amended, with the Lenders pursuant to which the Lenders agreed to extend a senior secured credit facility to the Company providing for term loans in an aggregate principal amount up to$500.0 million , plus any capitalized interest paid in kind. We drew an Initial Term Loan of$275.0 million at closing inAugust 2020 (the "Initial Term Loan" and had$100.0 million of immediately available delayed draw term loan commitments and$125.0 million of delayed draw term loans available upon achievement of the Delay Draw Sales Milestone (as defined in the Sixth Street Financing Agreement). InMarch 2021 , we entered into Amendment No. 1 (the "First Amendment") to the financing agreement pursuant to which the parties agreed to, among other things, remove the Delayed Draw Sales Milestone tied to the availability of the$125.0 million tranche of delayed draw term loans. InAugust 2021 , we drew the$125.0 million tranche of delayed draw term loans (the "DDTL-2"). InSeptember 2021 , we entered into Amendment No. 2 (the "Second Amendment") to the financing agreement. Pursuant to the Second Amendment, the parties agreed to, among other things, increase the size of the credit facility by providing for additional term loans in an aggregate principal amount of$250.0 million for a total facility size of$750.0 million plus any capitalized interest paid in kind. At the closing of the Second Amendment, we drew an initial term loan of$125.0 million (the "2021 Term Loan") and$100.0 million of delayed draw term loan commitments (the "DDTL-1"). The remaining$125.0 million in delayed draw term loan commitments (the "2021 DDTL Commitment") was available to be drawn by the Borrowers untilDecember 31, 2021 (the "Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitment Termination Date"). InNovember 2021 , we entered into Amendment No. 3 and Limited Consent to Financing Agreement ("the Third Amendment and Limited Consent") to our Sixth Street Financing Agreement. Pursuant to the Third Amendment and Limited Consent, the Lenders consented to our entry into the Collaboration Agreement with Pfizer. InDecember 2021 , we entered into Amendment No. 4 (the "Fourth Amendment") to the financing agreement (as previously amended and as amended by the Fourth Amendment, the "Sixth Street Financing Agreement"), pursuant to which the parties agreed to, among other things, extend the Delayed Draw Term Loan Commitment Termination Date toJune 30, 2022 . InJune 2022 , we drew the remaining$125.0 million term loan available under the 2021 DDTL Commitment (the "DDTL-3"). 58
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2020 Loans
InAugust 2020 , we borrowed the Initial Term Loan for total proceeds of$262.2 million , net of discounts and issuance costs. InAugust 2021 , we borrowed the DDTL-2 for total proceeds of$123.8 million , net of discounts and issuance costs. The DDTL-2 was borrowed under the same financing terms as the Initial Term Loan. The Initial Term Loan and the DDTL-2 (collectively, the "August 2020 Loans") become due and payable inAugust 2025 . TheAugust 2020 Loans accrue interest at a variable rate, with interest paid on a quarterly basis. The interest rate on theAugust 2020 Loans as ofJune 30, 2022 was 11.25%. We have the option to pay-in-kind up to 4.0% interest per annum for the first two years and have elected to pay-in-kind the maximum amount for all interest payments as ofJune 30, 2022 . The proceeds from theAugust 2020 Loans are being used for general corporate purposes. 2021 Loans InSeptember 2021 , we borrowed the 2021 Term Loan for total proceeds of$119.7 million , the DDTL-1 for total proceeds of$97.8 million , and inJune 2022 , the DDTL-3 for total proceeds of$123.3 million (collectively, theSeptember 2021 Loans"), net of discounts and issuance costs. TheSeptember 2021 Loans become due and payable inSeptember 2026 . TheSeptember 2021 Loans accrue interest at a variable rate, with interest paid on a quarterly basis. The interest rate on theSeptember 2021 Loans as ofJune 30, 2022 was 10.50%. We have the option to pay-in-kind up to 4.0% interest per annum for the first two years that the loans are outstanding. The proceeds from theSeptember 2021 Loans are being used for general corporate purposes.
Equity Distribution Agreement
InDecember 2020 , we entered into an equity distribution agreement in which we may offer and sell common shares having an aggregate offering price of up to$400.0 million from time to time through or to the sales agents, acting as our agents or principals (the "Equity Distribution Agreement"). Sales of our common shares, if any, will be made in sales deemed to be "at the market offerings". The sales agents are not required to sell any specific amount of securities but will act as our sales agents using commercially reasonable efforts consistent with their normal trading and sales practices, on mutually agreed terms between the sales agents and us. We currently plan to use the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes.
As of
Series B Preferred Shares Forward Contracts
In
B preferred shares at a price of$50,100 per share for aggregate proceeds of approximately$200.0 million (the "RPI Series B Preferred Share Agreement"). The shares will be issued in quarterly increments fromMarch 31, 2021 toDecember 31, 2024 . We are required to redeem the Series B Preferred Shares for 1.77 times the original purchase price, payable beginningMarch 31, 2025 in equal quarterly installments throughDecember 31, 2030 . The gross proceeds from the transaction with RPI will be used for the clinical development of zavegepant and other general corporate purposes
As of
Funding Requirements
We expect our expenses to increase in connection with our ongoing activities, particularly as we:
•continue and expand our commercial activities related to NURTEC ODT for the acute and preventive treatment of migraine;
•advance and expand the clinical development in our CGRP receptor antagonism, glutamate modulation, MPO inhibition, Kv7, and Myostatin inhibition programs;
•continue to initiate and progress other supporting studies required for regulatory approval of our product candidates, including long-term safety studies, drug-drug interaction studies, preclinical toxicology and carcinogenicity studies;
•make required milestone and royalty payments under the license agreements by which we acquired some of the rights to our product candidates;
•initiate preclinical studies and clinical trials for any additional indications for our current product candidates and any future product candidates that we may pursue;
•continue to build our portfolio of product candidates through the acquisition or in-license of additional product candidates or technologies;
•continue to develop, maintain, expand and protect our intellectual property portfolio;
•pursue regulatory approvals for our current and future product candidates that successfully complete clinical trials;
•support our sales, marketing and distribution infrastructure to commercialize any future product candidates for which we may obtain marketing approval;
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•hire additional clinical, medical, commercial, and development personnel;
•incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company; and
•incur expenses related to the proposed spin-off and Pfizer Merger.
As ofAugust 5, 2022 , the issuance date of our condensed consolidated financial statements, we expect that our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities as ofJune 30, 2022 , our future operating cash flows from sales of NURTEC ODT, Series B Preferred Shares receipts, and product sales and other proceeds from our Pfizer Collaboration will be sufficient to fund our current forecast for operating expenses, including commercialization of NURTEC ODT, financial commitments and other cash requirements for more than one year. We may need to raise additional capital until we are profitable. If no additional capital is raised through either public or private equity financings, debt financings, strategic relationships, alliances and licensing agreements, or a combination thereof, we may delay, limit or reduce discretionary spending in areas related to research and development activities and other general and administrative expenses in order to fund our operating costs and working capital needs. We have based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we expect. We expect that we will require additional capital to pursue in-licenses or acquisitions of other product candidates. If we receive regulatory approval for troriluzole, or our other product candidates, we expect to incur additional commercialization expenses related to product manufacturing, sales, marketing and distribution, depending on whether we commercialize jointly or on our own. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with research, development and commercialization of pharmaceutical product candidates, we are unable to estimate the exact amount of our working capital requirements. Our future funding requirements will depend on and could increase significantly as a result of many factors, including:
•the scope, progress, results and costs of researching and developing our product candidates, and conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials;
•the costs, timing and outcome of regulatory review of our product candidates;
•the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on our business operations and funding needs;
•the costs of future activities, including product sales, medical affairs, marketing, manufacturing and distribution, for
NURTEC ODT, in addition to any of our product candidates for which we receive marketing approval;
•the revenue from NURTEC ODT, and revenue, if any, received from commercial sale of our products, should any of our product candidates receive marketing approval;
•the costs and timing of hiring new employees to support our continued growth;
•the costs of preparing, filing, and prosecuting patent applications, maintaining and enforcing our intellectual property rights and defending intellectual property-related claims;
•the extent to which we acquire or in-license other product candidates and technologies;
•the costs of manufacturing commercial-grade product and necessary inventory to support product sales;
•the costs associated with payment of milestones and royalties under existing contractual arrangements and/or in-licensing additional products candidates to augment our current pipeline; and
•the timing, receipt and amount of sales of, or milestone payments related to or royalties on, our current or future product candidates, if any.
Until such time, if ever, that we can generate product revenue sufficient to achieve profitability, we expect to finance our cash needs through a combination of public and private equity offerings, debt financings, other third-party funding, strategic alliances, licensing arrangements or marketing and distribution arrangements. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of our existing shareholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our existing shareholders. Debt financing and preferred equity financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we raise additional funds through other third-party funding, strategic alliances, licensing arrangements or marketing and distribution arrangements, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings when needed, we will be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our 60 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market products or product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
The disclosure of our contractual obligations and commitments is set forth under the heading "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Contractual Obligations and Commitments" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . See Note 15, "Commitments and Contingencies" to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1, "Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements," of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further discussion of commitments and contingencies.
Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates
We have prepared our condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted inthe United States ("GAAP"). Our preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, assumptions, and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, expenses, and related disclosures at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as revenue and expenses recorded during the reporting periods. We evaluate our estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could therefore differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Excluding the discussion below, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies from those described in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed by us with theSEC onFebruary 25, 2022 .
Revenue Recognition - Collaboration and other revenue
We recognize revenue associated with our collaboration arrangement, which may require us to exercise considerable judgment in estimating revenue to be recognized, including judgments made on initial accounting and judgments associated with the amount of revenue to be recognized over time as performance obligations are satisfied.
Significant judgment is required to apply the authoritative accounting guidance at the outset of a collaboration arrangement, and over time, as detailed below:
•Measurement of the transaction price - determining the transaction price includes varying levels of judgment. Where amounts are fixed and paid, such as upfront payments, estimation is not required. However, other elements of the transaction price do require estimation or assumptions by management. The calculation of a share issuance premium requires the use of a valuation model for purposes of determining the fair value of the shares for financial reporting purposes, with any resulting premium impacting the transaction price, which ultimately impacts the measurement of revenue. •Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations - there is significant judgment required to allocate the transaction price to performance obligations. Generally, this is done by estimating the standalone selling price of identified performance obligations, and allocating on a relative value basis. The estimate of standalone selling price includes several assumptions that cannot be observed, which may include forecasted revenue, development timelines, reimbursement rates for personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success. The standalone selling price of performance obligations can be very sensitive to many of these underlying assumptions, which are based on management estimates since they cannot be observed. This is a point-in-time assessment performed at the outset of a collaboration arrangement. •Recognition of revenue when (or as) we satisfy each performance obligation - determining the timing of revenue recognition includes varying levels of judgment. For revenue recognized over time, this is often based on an underlying measure deemed to approximate the progress towards satisfaction of the performance obligations. These underlying measures, such as costs incurred to date compared with total forecasted costs for a service, may include inherent estimates, which in turn can impact the timing of revenue recognition. The satisfaction of performance obligations assessment is performed at each reporting period.
Valuation of Derivative Liabilities
The fair value of our derivative liabilities are determined based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which represent Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. We utilized the with-and-without valuation method to determine the fair value of our derivative liabilities. As inputs into the valuations, we assessed a change of control as highly probable by early 2023, and considered the amount and timing of the payments with and without a change of control and risk- 61
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Form 10-Q Table of Contents
adjusted discount rates ranging from low single-digits to mid-twenties. In accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, the fair value of the derivatives are recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as derivative liabilities with changes in fair value recorded in other income (expense) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. If factors change and different assumptions are used, the fair value of the derivative liabilities and related gains or losses could be materially different in the future.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
A description of recently issued accounting pronouncements that may potentially impact our financial position and results of operations, if applicable, is disclosed in Note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements appearing at the beginning of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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