Bionomics Limited has received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance to proceed with evaluating its lead clinical compound, BNC210, for the acute treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) in a Phase 2 clinical trial named the PREVAIL Study. BNC210 is an oral proprietary selective negative allosteric modulator of the 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in development for the acute treatment of SAD and chronic treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Following encouraging results in a previous Phase 2a study in Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) patients where a single oral dose administration of BNC210 showed significantly reduced connectivity between the amygdala and the anterior cingulate cortex, a network involved in regulating anxious responses to aversive stimuli, BNC210 will now be evaluated as an acute, or single-dose, treatment for patients with SAD. The PREVAIL Study is a randomised, double-blind, multi-centre Phase 2 clinical trial which will compare BNC210 to placebo on anxiety levels in patients with SAD during an anxiety-provoking behavioural task such as being asked to speak on a topic. Participants will be orally administered a single dose of study treatment approximately one hour prior to the behavioural task. The proprietary tablet formulation of BNC210 being used in this study is rapidly absorbed and levels in the circulation are expected to be around their peak concentrations at the time of the behavioural task. The primary objective of the study is to compare BNC210 to placebo on self-reported anxiety levels using the Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) during the behavioural task. Secondary objectives include other scales measuring participants' anxiety levels, in anticipation of, and during the behavioural task, as well as an evaluation of the safety and tolerability of BNC210 in this population. Premier Research, a global Contract Research Organisation (CRO) headquartered in the United States, is contracted to manage the PREVAIL Study, which will be conducted according to Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines. The study will be conducted at approximately 15 sites in the United States and is expected to recruit approximately 150 adult patients suffering with SAD. The study participants must score at least 70 on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (i.e., marked to severe social anxiety), which is a scale that assesses a patient's reported level of social phobia in a range of social interactions and performance situations during the past week. BNC210 and placebo supplies for the study have been manufactured under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) standards and are packaged ready for the trial.