HISTORY AND OUTLOOK
We were incorporated onMarch 31, 2011 asAdelt Design, Inc. to manufacture and market carpet binding art. Production and marketing of carpet binding art never commenced. OnNovember 20, 2014 , we adopted amended and restated articles of incorporation, thereby changing our name toCLS Holdings USA, Inc. EffectiveDecember 10, 2014 , we effected a reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding common stock at a ratio of 1-for-0.625 (the "Reverse Split"), wherein 0.625 shares of our common stock were issued in exchange for each share of common stock issued and outstanding.
On
CLS Labs was originally incorporated in the state ofNevada onMay 1, 2014 under the nameRJF Labs, Inc. before changing its name toCLS Labs, Inc. onOctober 24, 2014 . It was formed to commercialize a proprietary method of extracting cannabinoids from cannabis plants and converting the resulting cannabinoid extracts into concentrates such as oils, waxes, edibles and shatter. These concentrates may be ingested in a number of ways, including through vaporization via electronic cigarettes ("e-cigarettes"), and used for a variety of pharmaceutical and other purposes. Testing in conjunction with twoColorado growers of this extraction method and conversion process has revealed that it produces a cleaner, higher quality product and a significantly higher yield than the cannabinoid extraction processes currently existing in the marketplace. OnApril 17, 2015 ,CLS Labs took its first step toward commercializing its proprietary methods and processes by entering into agreements through its wholly owned subsidiary, CLS Labs Colorado, with certainColorado entities. During 2017, we suspended our plans to proceed with the Colorado Arrangement due to regulatory delays and have not yet determined if or when we will pursue them again. We have been issued aU.S. patent with respect to our proprietary method of extracting cannabinoids from cannabis plants and converting the resulting cannabinoid extracts into concentrates such as oils, waxes, edibles and shatter. These concentrates may be ingested in a number of ways, including through vaporization via electronic cigarettes, and used for a variety of pharmaceutical and other purposes. Internal testing of this extraction method and conversion process has revealed that it produces a cleaner, higher quality product and a significantly higher yield than the cannabinoid extraction processes currently existing in the marketplace. We have not yet commercialized our proprietary process. We plan to generate revenues through licensing, fee-for-service and joint venture arrangements related to our proprietary method of extracting cannabinoids from cannabis plants and converting the resulting cannabinoid extracts into saleable concentrates. We intend to monetize our extraction and conversion method and generate revenues through (i) the licensing of our patented proprietary methods and processes to others, (ii) the processing of cannabis for others, and (iii) the purchase of cannabis and the processing and sale of cannabis-related products. We plan to accomplish this through the acquisition of companies, the creation of joint ventures, through licensing agreements, and through fee-for-service arrangements with growers and dispensaries of cannabis products. We believe that we can establish a position as one of the premier cannabinoid extraction and processing companies in the industry. Assuming we do so, we then intend to explore the creation of our own brand of concentrates for consumer use, which we would sell wholesale to cannabis dispensaries. We believe that we can create a "gold standard" national brand by standardizing the testing, compliance and labeling of our products in an industry currently comprised of small, local businesses with erratic and unreliable product quality, testing practices and labeling. We also plan to offer consulting services throughCannabis Life Sciences Consulting, LLC , which will generate revenue by providing consulting services to cannabis-related businesses, including growers, dispensaries and laboratories, and driving business to our processing facilities. Finally, we intend to grow through select acquisitions in secondary and tertiary markets, targeting newly regulated states that we believe offer a competitive advantage. Our goal at this time is to become a successful regional cannabis company. 31
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OnDecember 4, 2017 , we entered into the Acquisition Agreement with Alternative Solutions to acquire the outstanding equity interests in the Oasis LLCs. Pursuant to the Acquisition Agreement, as amended, we paid a non-refundable deposit of$250,000 upon signing, which was followed by an additional payment of$1,800,000 onFebruary 5, 2018 , for an initial 10% of Alternative Solutions and each of the subsidiaries. At the closing of our purchase of the remaining 90% of the ownership interests in Alternative Solutions and the Oasis LLCs, which occurred onJune 27, 2018 , we paid the following consideration:$5,995,543 in cash, a$4.0 million promissory note due inDecember 2019 , and$6,000,000 in shares of our common stock. The cash payment of$5,995,543 was less than the$6,200,000 payment originally contemplated because we assumed an additional$204,457 of liabilities. The Oasis Note, which was repaid in full inDecember 2019 , was secured by all of the membership interests in Alternative Solutions and the Oasis LLCs and by the assets of the Oasis LLCs. At that time, we applied for regulatory approval to own an interest in the Oasis LLCs, which approval was received onJune 21, 2018 . Just prior to closing, the parties agreed that we would instead acquire all of the membership interests in Alternative Solutions, the parent of the Oasis LLCs, from its members, and the membership interests in the Oasis LLCs owned by members other than Alternative Solutions. We have applied for regulatory approval to own our interest in the Oasis LLCs through Alternative Solutions under the final structure of the transaction, which is currently under review. OnOctober 31, 2018 , the Company,CLS Massachusetts, Inc. , aMassachusetts corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company ("CLS Massachusetts"), andIn Good Health, Inc. , aMassachusetts corporation ("IGH"), entered into an Option Agreement (the "IGH Option Agreement"). Under the terms of the IGH Option Agreement, CLS Massachusetts had an exclusive option to acquire all of the outstanding capital stock of IGH (the "IGH Option") during the period beginning on the earlier of the date that is one year after the effective date of the conversion andDecember 1, 2019 and ending on the date that was 60 days after such date. If CLS Massachusetts exercised the IGH Option, the Company, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and IGH would enter into a merger agreement (the form of which has been agreed to by the parties) (the "IGH Merger Agreement"). At the effective time of the merger contemplated by the IGH Merger Agreement, CLS Massachusetts would pay a purchase price of$47,500,000 , subject to reduction as provided in the IGH Merger Agreement, payable as follows:$35 million in cash,$7.5 million in the form of a five-year promissory note, and$5 million in the form of restricted common stock of the Company, plus$2.5 million as consideration for a non-competition agreement with IGH's President, payable in the form of a five-year promissory note. IGH and certain IGH stockholders holding sufficient aggregate voting power to approve the transactions contemplated by the IGH Merger Agreement had entered into agreements pursuant to which such stockholders had, among other things, agreed to vote in favor of such transactions. OnOctober 31, 2018 , as consideration for the IGH Option, we made a loan to IGH, in the principal amount of$5,000,000 , subject to the terms and conditions set forth in that certain loan agreement, dated as ofOctober 31, 2018 between IGH as the borrower and the Company as the lender. The loan was evidenced by a secured promissory note of IGH, which bore interest at the rate of 6% per annum and was to mature onOctober 31, 2021 . To secure the obligations of IGH to us under the loan agreement and the promissory note, the Company and IGH entered into a security agreement dated as ofOctober 31, 2018 , pursuant to which IGH granted to us a first priority lien on and security interest in all personal property of IGH. If we did not exercise the Option on or prior to the date that was 30 days following the end of the option period, the loan amount was to be reduced to$2,500,000 as a break-up fee, subject to certain exceptions set forth in the IGH Option Agreement. OnAugust 26, 2019 , the parties amended the IGH Option Agreement to, among other things, delay the closing untilJanuary 2020 . By letter agreement datedJanuary 31, 2020 , the parties extended the IGH Option Agreement toFebruary 4, 2020 . OnFebruary 4, 2020 , CLS Massachusetts exercised the IGH Option and IGH subsequently asserted that CLS Massachusetts' exercise was invalid. By letter datedFebruary 26, 2020 , we informed IGH that as a result of its breaches of the IGH Option, which remained uncured, an event of default had occurred under the IGH Note. We advised IGH that we were electing to cause the IGH Note to bear interest at the default rate of 15% per annum effectiveFebruary 26, 2020 and to accelerate all amounts due under the IGH Note. OnFebruary 27, 2020 , IGH informed CLS Massachusetts that it did not plan to make further payments under the IGH Note on the theory that the break-up fee excused additional payments. This dispute, including whether IGH breached the IGH Option and whether CLS was entitled to collect default interest, was in litigation. During the twelve months endedMay 31, 2021 , we impaired the remaining amounts due under the IGH Note in the amount of$2,498,706 , which included$2,497,884 in principal and$822 in accrued interest. As ofNovember 30, 2021 , the principal balance of the IGH Note was$0 and the interest receivable was$0 . OnJune 14, 2021 , the parties to the IGH lawsuit entered into a confidential settlement agreement to resolve the action and a secured promissory note dated and executed by IGH in favor of us and effectiveJune 11, 2021 (the "IGH Settlement Note"). Pursuant to the IGH Settlement Note, IGH shall pay us$3,000,000 ,$1,000,000 of which was paid on or beforeJuly 12, 2021 . The remaining$2,000,000 and accrued interest is being paid in 12 equal monthly installments, which began onAugust 12, 2021 . During the three months endedFebruary 28, 2022 , we received$522,245 under the IGH Settlement Note, which included$500,000 in principal and$22,245 in accrued interest. During the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 , we received$2,218,572 under the IGH Settlement Note, which included$2,166,667 in principal and$51,905 in accrued interest. As ofFebruary 28, 2022 ,$833,333 was due under the IGH Settlement Note. We record amounts paid under the IGH Settlement Note as gains when payments are received. 32
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OnOctober 20, 2021 , we entered into a management services agreement (the "Quinn River Joint Venture Agreement") through our 50% owned subsidiary,Kealii Okamalu, LLC ("Kealii Okamalu"), withCSI Health MCD LLC ("CSI") and a commission established by the authority of theTribal Council of theFort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribe (the "Tribe"). The purpose of the Quinn River Joint Venture Agreement is to establish a business (the "Quinn River Joint Venture") to grow, cultivate, process and sell cannabis and related products. The Quinn River Joint Venture Agreement has a term of 10 years plus a 10 year renewal term from the date the first cannabis crop produced is harvested and sold. Pursuant to the Quinn River Joint Venture Agreement, Kealii Okamalu will lease approximately 30 acres of the Tribe's land located along theQuinn River at a cost of$3,500 per month and manage the design, finance and construction of a cannabis cultivation facility on such tribal lands (the "Cultivation Facility"). Kealii Okamalu will also manage the ongoing operations of the Cultivation Facility and related business, including, but not limited to, cultivation of cannabis crops, personnel staffing, product packaging, testing, marketing and sales. Packaged products will be branded as "Quinn River Farms ." We will provide 10,000 square feet of warehouse space at ourLas Vegas facility, and will have preferred vendor status including the right to purchase cannabis flower and the business's cannabis trim at favorable prices. Kealii Okamalu will contribute$6 million towards the construction of the Cultivation Facility and the working capital for the Quinn River Joint Venture. This amount will be repaid from a portion of the net income of the Quinn River Joint Venture otherwise payable to CSI and the Tribe at the rate of$750,000 per quarter for eight quarters. Kealii Okamalu will receive one-third of the net profits of the Quinn River Joint Venture. OnJanuary 4, 2018 , former Attorney GeneralJeff Sessions rescinded the memorandum issued by former Deputy Attorney GeneralJames Cole onAugust 29, 2013 (as amended onFebruary 14, 2014 , the "Cole Memo"), the Cole Banking Memorandum, and all other related Obama-era DOJ cannabis enforcement guidance. While the rescission did not change federal law, as the Cole Memo and other DOJ guidance documents were not themselves laws, the rescission removed the DOJ's formal policy that state-regulated cannabis businesses in compliance with the Cole Memo guidelines should not be a prosecutorial priority. Notably, former Attorney General Sessions' rescission of the Cole Memo has not affected the status of theU.S. Department of the Treasury's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network ("FinCEN") memorandum issued by theDepartment of Treasury , which remains in effect. This memorandum outlines Bank Secrecy Act-compliant pathways for financial institutions to service state-sanctioned cannabis businesses, which echoed the enforcement priorities outlined in the Cole Memo. In addition to his rescission of the Cole Memo, Attorney General Sessions issued a one-page memorandum known as the "Sessions Memorandum". The Sessions Memorandum explains the DOJ's rationale for rescinding all past DOJ cannabis enforcement guidance, claiming that Obama-era enforcement policies are "unnecessary" due to existing general enforcement guidance adopted in the 1980s, in chapter 9.27.230 of the U.A. Attorneys' Manual ("USAM"). The USAM enforcement priorities, like those of the Cole Memo, are based on the use of the federal government's limited resources and include "law enforcement priorities set by the Attorney General," the "seriousness" of the alleged crimes, the "deterrent effect of criminal prosecution," and "the cumulative impact of particular crimes on the community." Although the Sessions Memorandum emphasizes that cannabis is a federally illegal Schedule I controlled substance, it does not otherwise instructU.S. Attorneys to consider the prosecution of cannabis-related offenses a DOJ priority, and in practice, mostU.S. Attorneys have not changed their prosecutorial approach to date. However, due to the lack of specific direction in the Sessions Memorandum as to the priority federal prosecutors should ascribe to such cannabis activities, there can be no assurance that the federal government will not seek to prosecute cases involving cannabis businesses that are otherwise compliant with state law.William Barr served asUnited States Attorney General fromFebruary 14, 2019 toDecember 23, 2020 . The DOJ underMr. Barr did not take a formal position on federal enforcement of laws relating to cannabis. OnMarch 11, 2021 , United StatesPresident Biden's nominee,Merrick Garland was sworn in as theU.S. Attorney General. During his campaign,President Biden stated a policy goal to decriminalize possession of cannabis at the federal level, but he has not publicly supported the full legalization of cannabis. It is unclear what impact, if any, the new administration will have onU.S. federal government enforcement policy on cannabis. Nonetheless, there is no guarantee that the position of theDepartment of Justice will not change. We incurred a net loss of$15,890,514 for the year endedMay 31, 2021 , and net losses of$1,117,530 and$1,039,903 for the three and nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 , respectively, resulting in an accumulated deficit of$92,736,638 as ofMay 31, 2021 , which increased to$93,767,013 as ofFebruary 28, 2022 . Although we achieved net income during the first quarter of fiscal 2022, these conditions continue to raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
Recent Developments - COVID-19
OnMarch 12, 2020 , GovernorSteven Sisolak declared a State of Emergency related to the COVID-19 global pandemic. This State of Emergency was initiated due to the multiple confirmed and presumptive cases of COVID-19 in theState of Nevada . OnMarch 17, 2020 , pursuant to the Declaration of Emergency,Governor Sisolak released the Nevada Health Response COVID-19 Risk Mitigation Initiative ("Initiative"). This Initiative provided guidance related to theMarch 12 Declaration of Emergency, requiring Nevadans to stay home and all nonessential businesses to temporarily close to the public for thirty (30) days. In the Initiative, it was declared that licensed cannabis stores and medical dispensaries could remain open only if employees and consumers strictly adhered to the social distancing protocols. 33
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In light of the Initiative,Governor Sisolak issued Declaration of Emergency Directive 003 onMarch 20, 2020 which mandated retail cannabis dispensaries to operate as delivery only. OnApril 29, 2020 ,Governor Sisolak issued Declaration of Emergency Directive 016 which amended the cannabis section of Directive 003 and permitted licensed cannabis dispensaries to engage in retail sales on a curbside pickup or home delivery basis pursuant to guidance from the Cannabis Compliance Board. Through Directive 016, licensed cannabis dispensaries were able to begin curbside pickup onMay 1, 2020 so long as the facility adhered to protocols developed by the Cannabis Compliance Board ("CCB"). In accordance with Directive 016, the CCB released guidelines related to curbside pickup requiring all facilities wishing to offer curbside pickup to first submit and receive approval from the CCB.Serenity Wellness Center LLC developed the required procedures and submitted and received State approval onApril 30, 2020 to conduct curbside pickup sales effectiveMay 1, 2020 . Further, theCity of Las Vegas required cannabis facilities to obtain a temporary 30-day curbside pickup permit.Serenity Wellness Center LLC was issued its first temporary curbside pickup permit from theCity of Las Vegas onMay 1, 2020 .Serenity Wellness Center LLC has subsequently received a temporary curbside permit every thirty (30) days thereafter. Upon expiration every 30 days, theCity of Las Vegas reviews the licensee and determines if a new temporary permit shall be issued. OnMay 7, 2020 ,Governor Sisolak issued Declaration of Emergency Directive 018. Directive 018 worked to reopen theState of Nevada as a part of Phase One of the Nevada United: Roadmap to Recovery Plan introduced byGovernor Sisolak onApril 30, 2020 . Directive 018 provided that, in addition to curbside pickup or home delivery, licensed cannabis dispensaries could engage in retail sales on an in-store basis effectiveMay 9, 2020 , pursuant to guidance from the CCB. The CCB required facilities wishing to engage in limited in-store retail sales to submit Standard Operating Procedures and receive approval of the same.Serenity Wellness Center LLC developed the required procedures and submitted and received State approval onMay 8, 2020 to conduct limited in-store retail sales effectiveMay 9, 2020 . TheCity of Las Vegas did not require a separate permit for limited in-store sales. OnJuly 31, 2020 ,Governor Sisolak issued Declaration of Emergency Directive 029 reaffirming The Nevada United: Roadmap to Recovery Plan. Directive 029 stated that all directives promulgated pursuant to theMarch 12, 2020 Declaration of Emergency or subsections thereof set to expire onJuly 31, 2020 , would remain in effect for the duration of the current state of emergency unless terminated prior to that date by a subsequent directive or by operation of law associated with lifting the Declaration of Emergency. Further, Directive 029, having become effective at11:59 PM onFriday, July 31, 2020 shall remain in effect until terminated by a subsequent directive promulgated pursuant to theMarch 12, 2020 Declaration of Emergency, or dissolution or lifting of the Declaration of Emergency itself, to facilitate the State's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 cases increased at a significant rate in November andDecember 2021 with the arrival of the Omicron variant, but then sharply dropped off as we started 2022. As a result, our curbside and delivery programs have now returned to approximately 20% of total dispensary revenue. The number of transactions at our dispensary have increased recently, although the amount of each transaction decreased slightly primarily as a result of the cessation of special federal unemployment benefits.
The global pandemic of COVID-19 continues to evolve and the ways that our business may evolve to respond to the pandemic and the needs of our customers cannot be fully known.
Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended
The table below sets forth our expenses as a percentage of revenue for the applicable periods: Three Months Ended Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Nine Months Ended February 28, 2022 February 28, 2021 February 28, 2022 February 28, 2021 Revenue 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % Cost of Goods Sold 48 % 55 % 48 % 49 % Gross Margin 52 % 45 % 52 % 51 % Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses 63 % 55 % 57 % 58 % Interest expense, net 11 % 17 % 9 % 17 % Impairment of note receivable - % 55 % - % 19 % Gain on settlement of note receivable 9 % - % 13 % - % 34
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The table below sets forth certain statistical and financial highlights for the applicable periods: Three Months Three Months Nine Months Nine Months Ended Ended Ended Ended February 28, February 28, February 28, February 28, 2022 2021 2022 2021 Number of Customers Served (Dispensary) 66,016 62,753 195,994 184,129 Revenue$ 5,588,266 $ 4,554,082 $ 16,502,978 $ 13,232,840 Gross Profit$ 2,887,106 $ 2,055,176 $ 8,513,161 $ 6,745,751 Net Loss Attributable to CLS Holdings USA, Inc.$ (992,268 ) $ (3,712,772 ) $ (910,141 ) $ (5,707,184 ) EBITDA (1)$ 100,595 $ (2,786,327 ) $ 1,834,716 $ (2,958,982 ) (1) EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial performance measures and should not be
considered as alternatives to net income(loss) or any other measure derived
in accordance with GAAP. This non-GAAP measure has limitations as an
analytical tool and should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes
for analysis of our financial results as reported in accordance with GAAP.
Because not all companies use identical calculations, these presentations
may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.
As required by the rules of the
this non-GAAP financial measure contained herein to the most directly
comparable measure under GAAP. Management believes that EBITDA provides
relevant and useful information, which is widely used by analysts, investors
and competitors in our industry as well as by our management. By providing
this non-GAAP profitability measure, management intends to provide investors
with a meaningful, consistent comparison of our profitability measures for
the periods presented. Reconciliation of net loss for the three and nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 and 2021 to EBITDA for the three and nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 and 2021: Three Months Three Months Nine Months Nine Months Ended Ended Ended Ended February 28, February 28, February 28, February 28, 2022 2021 2022 2021 Net Income (Loss) Attributable to CLS Holdings USA, Inc.$ (992,268 ) $ (3,712,772 ) $ (910,141 ) $ (5,707,184 ) Add: Income tax$ 324,265 $ -$ 793,322 $ - Interest expense, net$ 589,692 $ 757,740 $ 1,416,164 $ 2,237,166 Depreciation and amortization$ 178,906 $ 168,705 $ 535,361 $ 511,036 EBITDA$ 100,595 $ (2,786,327 ) $ 1,834,716 $ (2,958.982 )
Three Months Ended
Revenues We had revenue of$5,588,266 during the three months endedFebruary 28, 2022 , an increase of$1,044,184 , or 23%, compared to revenue of$4,544,082 during the three months endedFebruary 28, 2021 . Our cannabis dispensary accounted for$3,333,229 , or 60%, of our revenue for the three months endedFebruary 28, 2022 , a decrease of$50,910 , or 2%, compared to$3,384,139 during the three months endedFebruary 28, 2021 . Dispensary revenue decreased during the third quarter of fiscal year 2022 reflecting the absence of federal unemployment payments to taxpayers in the community. Our cannabis production accounted for$2,255,037 , or 40%, of our revenue for the three months endedFebruary 28, 2022 , an increase of$1,095,094 , or 94%, compared to$1,159,943 for the three months endedFebruary 28, 2021 . The increase in production revenues for the third quarter of fiscal 2022 was primarily due to our addition of a new sales director, an improvement in our product mix, the introduction of new products, operating efficiencies and the procurement of higher quality materials. The increase was also due to greater revenue from third parties for whom we manufactured and processed their products. 35
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Table of Contents Cost of Goods Sold Our cost of goods sold for the three months endedFebruary 28, 2022 was$2,701,160 , an increase of$212,254 , or 9%, compared to cost of goods sold of$2,488,906 for the three months endedFebruary 28, 2021 . The increase in cost of goods sold for the three months endedFebruary 28, 2022 was due primarily to an increase in revenue. Cost of goods sold was 48% of sales during third quarter of fiscal 2022 resulting in a gross margin of 52%; cost of goods sold was 55% for the third quarter of fiscal 2021 resulting in a gross margin of 45%. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue declined due to our utilization of low-cost high volume purchasing and a shift in product mix at City Trees to increased THC distillate sales, which are no-cost sales. Gross margin for the quarter did not exceeded our target of 50%. Cost of goods sold during the third quarter of fiscal 2022 primarily consisted of$2,418,531 of product cost,$200,102 of state and local fees and taxes, and$82,527 of supplies and materials.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses, or SG&A, increased by$981,189 , or approximately 39%, to$3,492,691 during the three months endedFebruary 28, 2022 , compared to$2,511,502 for the three months endedFebruary 28, 2021 . The increase in SG&A expenses for the three months endedFebruary 28, 2022 was primarily due to increases in costs associates with operating the Oasis LLCs and offering expenses associated with the 2021 Debenture Offering. SG&A expense during the third quarter of fiscal 2022 was primarily attributable to an aggregate of$2,576,817 in costs associated with operating the Oasis LLCs, an increase of$605,110 compared to$1,971,707 during the third quarter of fiscal 2021. The major components of the$605,110 increase in SG&A associated with the operation of the Oasis LLCs during the three months endedFebruary 28, 2022 compared to the three months endedFebruary 28, 2021 were as follows: lease, facilities and office costs were$662,294 compared to$381,763 ; and payroll and related costs were$1,220,960 compared to$989,837 . Lease, facilities and office costs increased due to our efforts to prepare our facilities for the new pre-roll division by purchasing equipment and implementing compliance procedures applicable to this new division. Lease, facilities and office costs also increased during the third quarter of fiscal 2022 due to costs incurred in connection with our response to COVID-19. Payroll costs increased during the third quarter of fiscal 2022 primarily due to increases in salaries of our employees related to the national labor shortage and due to an increase in the number of employees in our manufacturing division as we planned for the rollout of our pre-roll division. Payroll costs also increased due to costs incurred in connection with our response to COVID-19. Finally, SG&A increased by an aggregate of$376,079 during the third quarter of fiscal 2022 as a result of an increase in the expenses associated with the ongoing implementation of other aspects of our business plan and our general corporate overhead to an aggregate of$915,875 , from$539,796 during the third quarter of fiscal 2021. The major components of this increase compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2022 were as follows: expenses related to the 2011 Debenture Offering were$411,298 ; and payroll and related costs increased by$53,787 . These increases were partially offset by decreases in sales and marketing in the amount of$50,795 and professional fees in the amount of$28,012 during the third quarter of fiscal 2022.
Gain on Settlement of Note Receivable
During the three months endedFebruary 28, 2022 , we recorded a gain on the settlement of the IGH Note in the amount of$522,246 ; there was no comparable transaction during the third quarter of the prior fiscal year. This gain on the settlement arose after IGH notified us onFebruary 27, 2021 , that it did not plan to make further payments in accordance with the terms of the IGH Note on the theory that the Break-Up Fee excused such additional payments. OnJune 14, 2021 , the parties to the IGH lawsuit entered into a confidential settlement agreement to resolve the action and executed the$3,000,000 IGH Settlement Note. Pursuant to the IGH Settlement Note, IGH paid us$1,000,000 on or beforeJuly 21, 2021 . The remaining$2,000,000 and accrued interest is being paid in 12 equal monthly installments, which commenced onAugust 12, 2021 . Interest Expense, Net Our interest expense, net of interest income, was$589,692 for the three months endedFebruary 28, 2022 , a decrease of$168,048 , or 22%, compared to$757,740 for the three months endedFebruary 28, 2021 . The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to a$389,767 decrease in the amortization of the discounts on debentures to$5,303 during the three months endedFebruary 28, 2022 compared to$395,070 during the three months endedFebruary 28, 2021 . The decrease occurred because discounts on debentures in the amount$996,727 were written off in connection with the amendment ofU.S. Convertible Debentures 1, 2 and 4 and the Canaccord Debentures during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021. The decrease in net interest expense for the third quarter of fiscal 2022 was partially offset by an increase in interest expense of$65,938 in connection with our issuance of the 2021 Debentures in the principal amount of$2,500,000 (net of original issue discount of$1,875,000 ) in the 2021 Debenture Offering. In addition, original issue discount, associated with the 2021 Debentures, in the amount of$91,936 was amortized to interest expense during the three months endedFebruary 28, 2022 , which increased interest expense there was no comparable charge in the same period of the prior year. 36
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Impairment of Note Receivable
During the three months endedFebruary 28, 2021 , we recorded an impairment of the IGH Note in the amount of$2,498,706 ; there was no comparable transaction in the comparable period of the current year. This impairment arose after IGH notified us onFebruary 27, 2021 , that it did not plan to make further payments in accordance with the terms of the IGH Note on the theory that the Break-Up Fee excused such additional payments. We vehemently disagreed with this assertion. OnJune 19, 2021 we entered into a settlement agreement with IGH regarding this dispute and IGH executed the$3,000,000 IGH Settlement Note, which is being paid in accordance with its terms. There are no comparable charges in the current period.
Provision for Income Taxes
We recorded a provision for income taxes in the amount of$324,265 during the three months endedFebruary 28, 2022 compared to$0 during the three months endedFebruary 28, 2021 . We have net operating losses that we believe are available to us to offset any income tax liability that may arise under Section 280E of the Code because we are a cannabis company. Net Loss Our net loss for the three months endedFebruary 28, 2022 was$997,296 compared to a net loss of$3,712,772 for the three months endedFebruary 28, 2021 , an improvement of$2,715,476 , or 73%. Non-Controlling Interest During the three months endedFebruary 28, 2022 , the non-controlling interest in our investment in the Quinn River Joint Venture, through our subsidiary, Kealii Okamalu was$5,028 . This amount is composed primarily of the cost of a land lease. There was no comparable expense during the third quarter of fiscal 2021.
Net Loss Attributable to
Our net loss attributable toCLS Holdings USA, Inc. for the three months endedFebruary 28, 2022 was$992,268 compared to$3,712,772 for the three months endedFebruary 28, 2021 , an improvement of$2,720,504 , or 73%.
Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended
Revenues We had revenue of$16,502,978 during the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 , an increase of$3,270,138 , or 25%, compared to revenue of$13,232,840 during the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2021 . Our cannabis dispensary accounted for$10,670,203 , or 65%, of our revenue for the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 , an increase of$467,565 , or 5%, compared to$10,202,638 during the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2021 . Dispensary revenue increased during the first nine months of fiscal year 2022 because our average sales per day increased from$37,372 during the first nine months of fiscal 2021 to$39,085 during the first nine months of fiscal 2022. Our cannabis production accounted for$5,832,775 , or 35%, of our revenue for the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 , an increase of$2,802,573 or 92%, compared to$3,030,202 for the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2021 . The increase in production revenues for the first nine months of fiscal 2022 was primarily due to an increase in our THC distillate sales of almost$1,000,000 , as well as sales to 10 new dispensaries and significant increases in existing customer order size and frequency. These improvements occurred as a result of our addition of a new sales director, an improvement in our product mix, the introduction of new products, operating efficiencies and the procurement of higher quality materials. The increase was also due to greater revenue from third parties for whom we manufactured and processed their products. Cost of Goods Sold Our cost of goods sold for the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 was$7,989,817 , an increase of$1,502,728 , or 23%, compared to cost of goods sold of$6,487,089 for the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2021 . The increase in cost of goods sold for the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 was due primarily to an increase in revenue. Cost of goods sold was 48% of sales during the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 resulting in a gross margin of 52%; cost of goods sold was 49% for the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2021 resulting in a gross margin of 51%. Costs of goods sold as a percentage of revenue declined due to our utilization of low-cost high volume purchasing and a shift in product mix at City Trees to increased THC distillate sales, which are no cost sales. Gross margin exceeded our target of 50%. Cost of goods sold during the first nine months of fiscal 2022 primarily consisted of$7,087,380 of product cost,$565,485 of state and local fees and taxes, and$311,367 of supplies and materials. 37
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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses, or SG&A, increased by$1,723,855 , or approximately 22%, to$9,440,918 during the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 , compared to$7,717,063 for the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2021 . The increase in SG&A expenses for the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 was primarily due to increases in costs associates with operating the Oasis LLCs and offering expenses associated with the 2021 Debenture Offering. SG&A expense during the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 was primarily attributable to an aggregate of$7,417,653 in costs associated with operating the Oasis LLCs, an increase of$1,509,840 compared to$5,907,813 during the first nine months of fiscal 2021. The major components of the$1,509,840 increase in SG&A associated with the operation of the Oasis LLCs during the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 compared to the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2021 were as follows: lease, facilities and office costs of$1,819,549 compared to$1,354,521 ; payroll and related costs of$3,363,573 compared to$2,987,897 . sales, marketing, and advertising costs of$1,087,692 compared to$767,378 ; and travel of$242,056 compared to$33,829 . Lease, facilities and office costs increased due to our efforts to prepare our facilities for the new pre-roll division by purchasing equipment and implementing compliance procedures applicable to this new division. Lease, facilities and office costs also increased during the first nine months of fiscal 2022 due to costs incurred in connection with our response to COVID-19. Payroll costs increased during the first nine months of fiscal 2022 primarily due to increases in salaries of our employees related to the national labor shortage and due to an increase in the number of employees in our manufacturing division as we planned for the rollout of our pre-roll division. Payroll costs also increased due to costs incurred in connection with our response to COVID-19. Sales and marketing costs increased during the first nine months of fiscal 2022 due to our use of a third-party marketing firm for campaigns to promote brand awareness. Finally, SG&A increased by$213,451 during the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 as a result of an increase in the expenses associated with the ongoing implementation of other aspects of our business plan and our general corporate overhead to$2,022,702 , from$1,809,251 during the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2021 . The major components of this increase compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2021 were as follows: expenses related to the 2021 Debenture Offering were$411,298 , and payroll and related costs increased by$143,379 . Payroll and related costs increased during the first nine months of fiscal 2022 due to an increase in the number of administrative employees to support our expanding operations. These increases were partially offset by decreases in the following costs: professional fees decreased by$122,264 due to the settlement of the IGH litigation, and sales and marketing expenses decreased by$59,489 due to a decline in website design and development.
Gain on Settlement of Note Receivable
During the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 , we recorded a gain on the settlement of the IGH Note in the amount of$2,218,574 ; there was no comparable transaction during the first nine months of the prior fiscal year. This gain on the settlement arose after IGH notified us onFebruary 27, 2021 , that it did not plan to make further payments in accordance with the terms of the IGH Note on the theory that the Break-Up Fee excused such additional payments. We vehemently disagreed and litigation ensued. OnJune 14, 2021 , the parties to the IGH lawsuit entered into a confidential settlement agreement to resolve the action and executed the$3,000,000 IGH Settlement Note. Pursuant to the IGH Settlement Note, IGH paid us$1,000,000 on or beforeJuly 21, 2021 . The remaining$2,000,000 and accrued interest is being paid in 12 equal monthly installments, which commended onAugust 12, 2021 . Interest Expense, Net Our interest expense, net of interest income, was$1,416,164 for the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 , a decrease of$821,002 , or 37%, compared to$2,237,166 for the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2021 . The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to a$1,144,411 decrease in the amortization of the discounts on debentures to$40,799 during the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 , compared to$1,185,210 during the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2021 . The decrease occurred because the discounts on debentures in the amount$996,727 were written off in connection with the amendment ofU.S. Convertible Debentures 1, 2 and 4 and the Canaccord Debentures during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021. The decrease in net interest expense for the third quarter of fiscal 2022 was partially offset by an increase in interest expense of$65,938 in connection with our issuance of the 2021 Debentures in the principal amount of$2,500,000 (net of original issue discount of$1,875,000 ) in the 2021 Debenture Offering. In addition, original issue discount associated with the 2021 Debentures in the amount of$91,936 was amortized to interest expense during the three months endedFebruary 28, 2022 ; there was no comparable charge in the same period of the prior year.
Impairment of Note Receivable
During the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2021 , we recorded an impairment of the IGH Note in the amount of$2,498,706 ; there was no comparable transaction in the comparable period of the current year. This impairment arose after IGH notified us onFebruary 27, 2021 , that it did not plan to make further payments in accordance with the terms of the IGH Note on the theory that the Break-Up Fee excused such additional payments. We vehemently disagreed with this assertion. OnJune 19, 2021 we entered into a settlement agreement with IGH regarding this dispute and IGH executed the$3,000,000 IGH Settlement Note, which is being paid in accordance with its terms. There are no comparable charges during the current period. 38
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Table of Contents Provision for Income Taxes We recorded a provision for income taxes in the amount of$793,322 during the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 compared to$0 during the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2021 . Although we have net operating losses that we believe are available to us to offset this entire tax liability, which arises under Section 280E of the Code because we are a cannabis company, as a conservative measure, we have accrued this liability. Net Loss
Our net loss for the nine months ended
Non-Controlling Interest During the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 , the non-controlling interest in our investment in the Quinn River Joint Venture, through our subsidiary, Kealii Okamalu was$8,528 . This amount is composed primarily of the cost of a land lease. There was no comparable expense during the first nine months of fiscal 2021.
Net Loss Attributable to
Our net loss attributable toCLS Holdings USA, Inc. for the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 was$910,141 compared to a net loss of$5,707,184 for the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2021 , an improvement of$4,797,043 , or 84%.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following table summarizes our total current assets, liabilities and working
capital at
February 28, May 31, 2022 2021 Current Assets$ 6,908,563 $ 3,840,563 Current Liabilities$ 25,524,476 $ 4,984,485 Working Capital (Deficit)$ (18,615,913 ) $ (1,143,922 ) AtFebruary 28, 2022 , we had a working capital deficit of$18,615,913 , an increase of$17,471,991 from the working capital deficit of$1,143,922 we had atMay 31, 2021 . Our working capital was decreased primarily due to the reclassification of theU.S. Convertible Debentures in the aggregate amount of$19,118,821 from long term to current liabilities during the period. Our working capital decrease was partially offset due to an increase in inventory of$1,114,556 and an increase of cash in the amount of$1,789,321 , which was the result of the 2021 Debenture Offering in which we raised$2,500,000 . Our working capital needs will likely continue to increase, and if we require additional funds to meet them, we will seek additional debt or equity financing. Until the first quarter of fiscal 2022, we operated at a loss. Over the next twelve months we will likely require additional capital to pursue the implementation of our business plan, including the development of other revenue sources, such as possible acquisitions and the start-up of the Quinn River Joint Venture. OnOctober 20, 2021 , we entered into the Quinn River Joint Venture Agreement through our 50% owned subsidiary, Kealii Okamalu, with CSI and the Tribe. Kealii Okamalu expects to loan approximately$6,000,000 to the Quinn River Joint Venture. We will invest 50% of this amount, or up to$3,000,000 , for our equity interest in Kealii Okamalu. We anticipate using all of the proceeds from the 2021 Debenture Offering toward this loan. We will obtain the balance of the funds required, if any, from our general working capital or from additional debt or equity financings. The$6,000,000 loan will be repaid from the portion of the profits generated by the Quinn River Joint Venture otherwise payable to CSI and the Tribe at the rate of$750,000 per quarter for eight quarters. We expect the first harvest under the Quinn River Joint Venture to occur during the first quarter of fiscal 2023. 39
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Although our revenues are expected to grow as we expand our operations, we only achieved net income for the first time during our first quarter of fiscal 2022 and we have experienced net losses since such time. Although we believe we have funds sufficient to sustain our operations at their current level, if we require additional cash, we expect to obtain the necessary funds as described above; however, our prospects must be considered in light of the risks, expenses and difficulties frequently encountered by companies in their early stage of operations. To address these risks, we must, among other things, seek growth opportunities through additional debt and/or equity investments and acquisitions in our industry, successfully execute our business strategy, including our planned joint ventures, and successfully navigate the COVID-19 business environment in which we currently operate as well as any changes that may arise in the cannabis regulatory environment. We cannot assure that we will be successful in addressing such risks, and the failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business prospects, financial condition and results of operations. Cash flows used in operating activities were$2,557,348 during the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 , an increase of$500,689 , or approximately 24%, compared to$2,056,659 during the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2021 . In deriving cash flows used in operating activities from the net loss for the first nine months of each of fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, certain non-cash items were (deducted from) or added back to the net loss) for each such period. These amounts were ($1,539,369 ) and$1,757,236 for the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 and 2021, respectively. For the first nine months of fiscal 2022, the most significant item deducted from net income was$2,218,574 related to the gain on settlement of the IGH Note. During the first nine months of fiscal 2021, we recognized an impairment on this note in the amount of$2,498,706 . For the first nine months of fiscal 2021, the most significant item added back was amortization of discounts on the convertible debentures in the amount of$1,185,210 , compared to$132,735 during the first nine months of fiscal 2022.We also added back to the respective net loss for the first nine months of each of fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021:$535,361 and$511,036 of depreciation and amortization expense, respectively. Finally, our cash used in operating activities was affected by changes in the components of working capital. The amounts of the components of working capital fluctuate for a variety of reasons, including management's expectation of required inventory levels; the amount of accrued interest, both receivable and payable; the amount of prepaid expenses; the amount of accrued compensation and other accrued liabilities; our accounts payable and accounts receivable balances; and the capitalization of right of use assets and liabilities associated with operating leases. The overall net change in the components of working capital resulted in a decrease in cash from operating activities in the amount of$99,310 during the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 , compared to a decrease in cash from operating activities of$605,417 during the first nine months of fiscal 2021. The more significant changes for the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 were as follows: inventory increased by$1,114,556 , compared to an increase of$394,414 during the first nine months of the prior fiscal year because of increased inventory levels necessary to support increased sales; accounts payable and accrued expenses increased by$546,417 during the first nine months of fiscal 2022 compared to$6,865 during the first nine months of the prior fiscal year due to increased payments of trade payables and an increase in city and state sales and excise taxes due; deferred tax liability increased by$793,322 during the first nine months of fiscal 2022, compared to$0 during the same period of the prior year as we accrued potential taxes in connection with Section 280E of the tax code; and operating lease liability decreased by$213,827 during the first nine months of fiscal 2022 compared to$314,311 during the same period of the prior fiscal year as certain leases were renegotiated resulting in lower monthly amortization. Cash flows provided by investing activities were$1,970,199 for the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 , an increase of$607,174 , or 45%, compared to cash flow provided by investing activities of$1,363,025 during the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2021 . This increase was primarily due to our receipt of principal payments on the IGH Note in the amount of$2,218,574 during the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 , compared to our receipt of$1,544,291 during the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2021 . Cash flows provided by financing activities were$2,376,470 for the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2022 , an increase of$2,376,470 , or 100%, compared to cash flow used in financing activities of$0 during the nine months endedFebruary 28, 2021 . This increase was primarily due to our sale of the 2021 Debentures, which resulted in proceeds in the amount of$2,500,000 , and proceeds from a loan payable in the amount of$808,800 , which were partially offset by principal payments we made to repay debentures of$365,991 and payments of the loans payable in the amount of$566,339 . There were no comparable transactions during the first nine months of fiscal 2021. 40
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Table of Contents Third Party Debt The table below summarizes the status of our third party debt, excluding our short term receivables-based debt facility and reflects whether such debt remains outstanding, has been repaid, or has been converted into or exchanged for our common stock: Name of Original Outstanding Note Principal Amount or Repaid Payment Details Oasis Note$ 4,000,000 Repaid Repaid 2018 U.S. Convertible Debentures $ 365,991 Outstanding Repaid Due October 22-25, 2022. Amended and Amount due Restated includes 2018 U.S. capitalized Convertible interest of Debentures$ 6,229,672 Outstanding$697,672 . Due December 2022. Amount includes capitalized interest of$1,514,006 less conversion of 2018 principal in the Convertible amount of Debentures$ 13,219,150 Outstanding$306,856 . 2021 Debenture Due July 10, Offering *$ 2,500,000 Outstanding 2024.
* The terms of the 2021 Debenture provide for additional payments in the
aggregate amount of not less than
Oasis Note OnJune 27, 2018 , we closed on the purchase of the remaining 90% of the membership interests of Alternative Solutions and the Oasis LLCs. The closing occurred pursuant to the Acquisition Agreement datedDecember 4, 2017 , as amended. On such date, we made the payments to indirectly acquire the remaining 90% of the Oasis LLCs, which were equal to cash in the amount of$5,995,543 , a$4.0 million promissory note due inDecember 2019 (the "Oasis Note"), and 22,058,823 shares of our common stock. The cash payment of$5,995,543 was less than the$6,200,000 payment originally contemplated because we assumed an additional$204,457 in liabilities. The Oasis Note bears interest at the rate of 6% per annum. The principal amount of the Oasis Note was reduced inAugust 2019 , in accordance with the terms of the Acquisition Agreement, as a result of the settlement of the dispute between the former owners of Alternative Solutions and 4Front Advisors, a consultant to Alternative Solutions. The terms of the settlement with 4Front Advisors are confidential. The Oasis Note is secured by all of the membership interests in Alternative Solutions and the Oasis LLCs and by the assets of the Oasis LLCs. OnDecember 31, 2019 , we repaid the remaining amount of the note, which comprised$1,363,925 of principal and$370,370 of interest.
2018 U.S. Convertible Debenture Offering
BetweenOctober 22, 2018 andNovember 2, 2018 , we entered into six subscription agreements, pursuant to which we agreed to sell,$5,857,000 in original principal amount of convertible debentures in minimum denominations of$1,000 each for an aggregate purchase price of$5,857,000 . Under the original terms, the debentures bear interest, payable quarterly, at a rate of 8% per annum, with capitalization of accrued interest on a quarterly basis for the first 18 months, by increasing the then-outstanding principal amount of the debentures. The debentures originally matured on a date that was three years following their issuance. The debentures were convertible into units at a conversion price of$0.80 per unit. Each unit consists of (i) one share of our common stock, par value$0.001 and (ii) one-half of one warrant, with each warrant exercisable for three years to purchase a share of common stock at an initial price of$1.10 . The warrants also provided that we could force their exercise at any time after the bid price of our common stock exceeds$2.20 for a period of 20 consecutive business days. The debentures include a provision for the capitalization of accrued interest on a quarterly basis for the first 18 months. After capitalizing accrued interest in the aggregate amount of$738,663 , the aggregate principal amount of the debentures increased to$6,595,663 . 41
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The debentures have other features, such as mandatory conversion in the event our common stock trades at a particular price over a specified period of time and required redemption in the event of a "Change in Control" of the Company. The debentures are unsecured obligations of the Company and rank pari passu in right of payment of principal and interest with all other unsecured obligations of the Company. The warrants have anti-dilution provisions that provide for an adjustment to the exercise price in the event of a future sale of our common stock at a lower price, subject to certain exceptions as set forth in the warrant. OnJuly 26, 2019 , we entered into amendments to the debentures with four of the purchasers, pursuant to which we agreed to reduce the conversion price of the original debentures if, in general, we issue or sell common stock, or warrants or options exercisable for common stock, or any other securities convertible into common stock, in a capital raising transaction, at a consideration per share, or exercise or conversion price per share, as applicable, less than the conversion price of the original debentures in effect immediately prior to such issuance. In such case, the conversion price of the original debentures will be reduced to such issuance price. The amendments also provided that, if a dilutive issuance occurs, the warrant to be issued upon conversion will be exercisable at a price equal to 137.5% of the adjusted conversion price at the time of conversion of the debenture. If a dilutive issuance occurs, the form of warrant attached to the subscription agreement would be amended to change the Initial Exercise Price, as defined therein, to be the revised warrant exercise price. The Debenture Amendment (as hereafter defined) was a dilutive issuance. As a result, the conversion price of the convertible debentures was automatically reduced from$0.80 per unit to$0.30 per unit and the form of warrant attached to the subscription agreement will be amended to reduce the exercise price from$1.10 per share of common stock to 137.5% of the debenture conversion price (presently$0.4125 per share of common stock). OnApril 15, 2021 andApril 19, 2021 , we amended three of the purchasers' debentures and subscription agreements in order to (i) reduce the conversion price of the debentures from$0.80 per unit to$0.30 per unit, and (ii) extend the maturity date of the debentures by one year to four (4) years from the execution date of the debentures. The subscription agreements, as amended, also provide that we will file a registration statement to register for resale all of the shares of common stock issuable to these three purchasers upon conversion of the debentures and the exercise of the warrants issuable upon conversion of such debentures. Each warrant issuable pursuant to the debentures is exercisable for one share of common stock at a price equal to 137.5% of the conversion price (presently$0.4125 per share) for a period of three years from the earlier of the date of issuance of the warrant or the effectiveness of a registration statement registering the warrant shares.
On
2018 Convertible Debenture Offering
OnDecember 12, 2018 , we entered into an agency agreement with two Canadian agents regarding a private offering of up to$40 million of convertible debentures of the Company at an issue price of$1,000 per debenture (the "Canaccord Debentures"). The agents sold the convertible debentures on a commercially reasonable efforts private placement basis. Each debenture was convertible into units of the Company at the option of the holder at a conversion price of$0.80 per unit at any time prior to the close of business on the last business day immediately preceding the maturity date of the debentures, being the date that is three (3) years from the closing date of the offering (the "2018 Convertible Debenture Offering"). Each unit will be comprised of one share of common stock and a warrant to purchase one-half of a share of common stock. Each warrant was initially exercisable for one share of common stock at a price of$1.10 per warrant for a period of 36 months from the closing date. We closed the 2018 Convertible Debenture Offering onDecember 12, 2018 , issuing$12,012,000 million in 8% senior unsecured convertible debentures at the initial closing. At the closing, we paid the agents: (A)(i) a cash fee of$354,000 for advisory services provided to us in connection with the offering; (ii) a cash commission of$720,720 , equivalent to 6.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds received at the closing of the offering; (B)(i) an aggregate of 184,375 units for advisory services; and (ii) a corporate finance fee equal to 375,375 units, which is the number of units equal to 2.5% of the aggregate gross proceeds received at the closing of the offering divided by the conversion price; and (C)(i) an aggregate of 442,500 advisory warrants; and (ii) 900,900 broker warrants, which was equal to 6.0% of the gross proceeds received at the closing of the offering divided by the conversion price. During the year endedMay 31, 2020 , principal in the amount of$25,856 was converted into 32,319 shares of common stock. The debentures include a provision for the capitalization of accrued interest on a quarterly basis for the first 18 months. Accrued interest in the amount of$1,514,006 was capitalized, and the principal amount of the debentures is$13,500,150 . The debentures are unsecured obligations of the Company, rank pari passu in right of payment of principal and interest and were issued pursuant to the terms of a debenture indenture, datedDecember 12, 2018 , between the Company andOdyssey Trust Company as the debenture trustee. The debentures bear interest at a rate of 8% per annum from the closing date, payable on the last business day of each calendar quarter. 42
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Beginning on the date that is four (4) months plus one (1) day following the closing date, we could force the conversion of all of the principal amount of the then outstanding debentures at the conversion price on not less than 30 days' notice should the daily volume weighted average trading price, or VWAP, of our common stock be greater than$1.20 per share for the preceding 10 consecutive trading days. Upon a change of control of the Company, holders of the debentures have the right to require us to repurchase their debentures at a price equal to 105% of the principal amount of the debentures then outstanding plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon. The debentures also contain standard anti-dilution provisions. OnMarch 31, 2021 , the holders of the Canaccord Debentures approved the amendment of the indenture related to the Canaccord Debentures (the "Debenture Amendment") to: (i) extend the maturity date of the Canaccord Debentures fromDecember 12, 2021 toDecember 12, 2022 ; (ii) reduce the conversion price from$0.80 per unit (as such term is defined in the indenture) to$0.30 per unit; (iii) reduce the mandatory conversion VWAP threshold from$1.20 to$0.60 per share; and (iv) amend the definitions of "Warrant" and "Warrant Indenture" (as such terms are defined in the indenture), to reduce the exercise price of each warrant to$0.40 per share of our common stock. Simultaneously, we amended the warrant indenture to make conforming amendments and extend the expiration date of the warrants toMarch 31, 2024 . If, at the time of exercise of any warrant in accordance with the warrant indenture, there is no effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the resale by the holder of a portion of the shares of common stock to be issued upon exercise of the warrant, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the resale of the shares of common stock by the holder under the Securities Act by reason of a blackout or suspension of use thereof, then the warrants may be exercised, in part for that portion of the shares of common stock not registered for resale by the holder under an effective registration statement or in whole in the case of the prospectus not being available for the resale of such shares of common stock, at such time by means of a "cashless exercise" in which the holder shall be entitled to receive a number of shares of common stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where: A = the last volume weighted average price, or VWAP, for the trading day immediately preceding the time of delivery of the exercise form giving rise to the applicable "cashless exercise"; B = the exercise price of the warrant; and X = the number of shares of common stock that would be issuable upon exercise of the warrant in accordance with the terms of such warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise. Pursuant to the agency agreement, we granted the agents an option to increase the offering by an additional$6 million in principal amount of debentures, which option was not exercised by the agents prior to the closing date of the offering. Pursuant to the agency agreement and the subscription agreements signed by investors in the offering, we granted certain registration rights to the holders of the debentures pursuant to which we agreed to prepare and file a registration statement with theSEC to register the resale by the original purchasers of the debentures of the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the debentures or exercise of the warrants. 2021 Debenture Offering DuringNovember 2021 , we commenced an offering of a maximum of$5,500,000 of debentures (the "2021 Debentures Offering") and warrants to purchase shares of our common stock at an exercise price of$0.4125 per share in an aggregate amount equal to one-half of the aggregate purchase price for the 2021 Debentures (the "Debenture Warrants") (collectively, the "2021 Debenture Offering"). The proceeds of the 2021 Debenture Offering will be used to fund our investment in the Quinn River Joint Venture. OnMarch 9, 2022 , we conducted the final closing of the 2021 Debenture Offering. BetweenDecember 1, 2021 andJanuary 4, 2022 , we completed multiple closings of the 2021 Debenture Offering in which we sold an aggregate of$2,500,000 of 2021 Debentures and issued an aggregate of 3,030,304 Debenture Warrants to the investors. The 2021 Debentures bear interest at the rate of 15% per annum calculated on the basis of a 360 day year and mature onJuly 10, 2024 . Commencing 36 months after issuance of the 2021 Debentures and for a period of 5 years thereafter, all note holders shall receive, on an annual basis, cash payments equal to the greater of (i) 15% of the principal amount of the notes they purchased, or (ii) such purchaser's pro rata portion of 5% of the distributions we receive for the prior fiscal year pursuant to the terms of the Quinn River Joint Venture Agreement. The Debenture Warrants have a term of 3 years and are exercisable, in whole or in part, at any time, or from time to time, after the date of issuance. 43
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Table of Contents Sales of Equity
The Canaccord Special Warrant Offering
OnJune 20, 2018 , we executed an agency agreement withCanaccord Genuity Corp. and closed on a private offering of our Special Warrants for aggregate gross proceeds of CD$13,037,859 (USD$9,785,978 ). In connection therewith, we also entered into a Special Warrant Indenture and a Warrant Indenture withOdyssey Trust Company , as special warrant agent and warrant agent. Pursuant to the offering, we issued 28,973,014 special warrants at a price of CD$0.45 (USD$0.34 ) per Special Warrant. Each Special Warrant was automatically exercised, for no additional consideration, into Units onNovember 30, 2018 . Each Unit consisted of one Unit Share and one warrant to purchase one share of common stock. Each warrant was to be exercisable at a price of CD$0.65 for three years after our common stock was listed on a recognizedCanadian stock exchange , subject to adjustment in certain events. Because we did not receive a receipt from the applicable Canadian securities authorities for the qualifying prospectus byAugust 20, 2018 , each Special Warrant entitled the holder to receive 1.1 Units (instead of one (1) Unit); provided, however, that any fractional entitlement to penalty units was rounded down to the nearest whole penalty unit. In connection with the Special Warrant Offering, we paid a cash commission and other fees equal to CD$1,413,267 (USD$1,060,773 ), a corporate finance fee equal to 1,448,651 Special Warrants with a fair value ofUSD$1,413,300 , and 2,317,842 Broker Warrants. Each Broker Warrant entitles the holder thereof to acquire one unit at a price of CD$0.45 per unit for a period of 36 months from the date that our common stock is listed on a recognizedCanadian stock exchange , subject to adjustment in certain events. Our common stock commenced trading on theCanadian Stock Exchange onJanuary 7, 2019 . During the year endedMay 31, 2020 , we also issued investors 3,042,167 Special Warrants with a fair value of$7,142,550 as a penalty for failure to timely effect a Canadian prospectus with regard to the securities underlying the Special Warrants.The Navy Capital Investors EffectiveJuly 31, 2018 , we entered into a subscription agreement withNavy Capital Green International, Ltd. , aBritish Virgin Islands limited company ("Navy Capital "), pursuant to which we agreed to sell toNavy Capital , for a purchase price of$3,000,000 , 7,500,000 units ($0.40 per unit), representing (i) 7,500,000 shares of our common stock, and (ii) three-year warrants to purchase an aggregate of 7,500,000 shares of our common stock (the "Navy Warrant Shares") at an exercise price of$0.60 per share of common stock (the "Navy Capital Offering"). We valued the warrants using the Black-Scholes valuation model, and allocated gross proceeds in the amount of$1,913,992 to the common stock and$1,086,008 to the warrants. The closing occurred onAugust 6, 2018 . In the subscription agreement, we also agreed to file, on or beforeNovember 1, 2018 , a registration statement with theSEC registering the shares of common stock and Navy Warrant Shares issued toNavy Capital . If we failed to file the registration statement on or before that date, we were required to issue toNavy Capital an additional number of units equal to ten percent (10%) of the units originally subscribed for byNavy Capital (which would include additional warrants at the original exercise price). OnAugust 29, 2019 , we filed a registration statement with theSEC which included the shares of common stock and Navy Warrant Shares issued toNavy Capital . The warrant was exercisable from time to time, in whole or in part for three years. The warrant had anti-dilution provisions that provided for an adjustment to the exercise price in the event of a future issuance or sale of common stock at a lower price, subject to certain exceptions as set forth in the warrant. The warrant also provides that it is callable at any time after the bid price of our common stock exceeds 120% of the exercise price of the warrant for a period of 20 consecutive business days. This warrant expired onJuly 31, 2021 . BetweenAugust 8, 2018 andAugust 10, 2018 , we entered into five subscription agreements, pursuant to which we sold, for an aggregate purchase price of$2,750,000 , 6,875,000 units ($0.40 per unit), representing (i) 6,875,000 shares of our common stock, and (ii) three-year warrants to purchase an aggregate of 6,875,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of$0.60 per share of common stock. We valued the warrants using the Black-Scholes valuation model, and allocated gross proceeds in the amount of$1,670,650 to the common stock and$1,079,350 to the warrants. These warrants expired onAugust 7, 2021 . The balance of the terms set forth in the subscription agreements are the same as the terms in theNavy Capital subscription agreement summarized above. Oasis Cannabis Transaction OnDecember 4, 2017 , we entered into the Acquisition Agreement, with Alternative Solutions for us to acquire all of the outstanding equity interests in Alternative Solutions and the Oasis LLCs. Pursuant to the Acquisition Agreement, we paid a non-refundable deposit of$250,000 upon signing, which was followed by an additional payment of$1,800,000 approximately 45 days thereafter and were to receive, upon receipt of applicable regulatory approvals, an initial 10% of each of the Oasis LLCs. Regulatory approvals were received and the 10% membership interests were transferred to us. 44
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OnJune 27, 2018 , we closed on the purchase of the remaining 90% of the membership interests in Alternative Solutions and the Oasis LLCs from the owners thereof (excluding Alternative Solutions). The closing consideration was as follows:$5,995,543 in cash, a$4.0 million promissory note due inDecember 2019 , known as the Oasis Note, and$6,000,000 in shares of our common stock. The cash payment of$5,995,543 was less than the$6,200,000 payment originally contemplated because the Company assumed an additional$204,457 of liabilities. The number of shares to be issued was computed as follows:$6,000,000 divided by the lower of$1.00 or the conversion price to receive one share of our common stock in our first equity offering of a certain minimum size that commenced in 2018, multiplied by 80%. This price was determined to be$0.272 per share. The Oasis Note was secured by a first priority security interest over our membership interests in Alternative Solutions and the Oasis LLCs, and by the assets of each of the Oasis LLCs and Alternative Solutions. We also delivered a confession of judgment to a representative of the former owners of Alternative Solutions and the Oasis LLCs (other than Alternative Solutions) that would generally become effective upon an event of default under the Oasis Note or failure to pay certain other amounts when due. We repaid the Oasis Note in full inDecember 2019 . At the time of closing of the Acquisition Agreement, Alternative Solutions owed certain amounts to a consultant known as 4Front Advisors, which amount was in dispute. InAugust 2019 , we made a payment to this company to settle this dispute and the Oasis Note was reduced accordingly. The former owners of Alternative Solutions and the Oasis LLCs (other than Alternative Solutions) became entitled to a$1,000,000 payment from us because theOasis LLC maintained an average revenue of$20,000 per day during the 2019 calendar year. We made a payment in the amount of$850,000 to the sellers onMay 27, 2020 . We deposited the balance due to sellers of$150,000 with an escrow agent to hold pending the outcome of a tax audit. During the year endedMay 31, 2020 , theState of Nevada notified the Oasis LLCs that it would be conducting a tax audit for periods both before and after the closing of the sale to CLS. InFebruary 2021 , we finalized the tax audit, used approximately$43,000 of the escrowed amount to reimburse ourselves for the portion of the tax liability properly payable by the sellers, and returned approximately$107,000 of the escrowed amount to the sellers. We received final regulatory approval to own the membership interests in the Oasis LLCs onDecember 12, 2018 . We have applied for regulatory approval to own our interest in the Oasis LLCs through Alternative Solutions, which is currently under review. Consulting Agreements We periodically use the services of outside investor relations consultants. During the year endedMay 31, 2016 , pursuant to a consulting agreement, we agreed to issue 10,000 shares of common stock per month, valued at$11,600 per month, to a consultant in exchange for investor relations consulting services. The consulting agreement was terminated during the first month of its term. The parties are in discussions regarding whether any shares of our common stock have been earned and it is uncertain whether any shares will be issued. As ofFebruary 28, 2022 , we included 20,000 shares of common stock, valued at$23,200 in stock payable on the accompanying balance sheets. The shares were valued based on the closing market price on the grant date. OnDecember 29, 2015 , pursuant to a consulting agreement, we agreed to issue 25,000 shares of common stock per month, valued at$21,250 , to a consultant in exchange for investor relations consulting services. The consulting agreement was terminated during the first month of its term. The parties are in discussions regarding whether any shares of our common stock have been earned and it is uncertain whether any shares will be issued. As ofFebruary 28, 2022 , we had 50,000 shares of common stock, valued at$42,500 included in stock payable on the accompanying balance sheet. The shares were valued based on the closing market price on the grant date. OnAugust 16, 2019 , we amended a consulting agreement whereby we agreed to issue up to 200,000 shares of common stock plus pay certain amounts in exchange for the consultant's development for us of a corporate finance and investor relations campaign, which services will be provided over a six month period. We issued 100,000 shares of common stock to this consultant in full satisfaction of this agreement before this agreement was terminated. Going Concern Our financial statements were prepared using accounting principles generally accepted inthe United States of America applicable to a going concern, which contemplate the realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. With the exception of the first quarter of fiscal 2022, we have incurred losses from operations since inception, and have an accumulated deficit of$93,646,779 as ofFebruary 28, 2022 , compared to$92,736,638 , as ofMay 31, 2021 . We had a working capital deficit of$18,615,913 as ofFebruary 28, 2022 , compared to a working capital deficit of$1,143,922 atMay 31, 2021 . The report of our independent auditors for the year endedMay 31, 2021 contained a going concern qualification. Our ability to continue as a going concern must be considered in light of the problems, expenses, and complications frequently encountered by early stage companies. 45
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Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on our ability to generate sufficient cash from operations to meet our cash needs, to borrow capital and to sell equity to support our plans to acquire operating businesses, execute on joint ventures, open processing facilities and finance ongoing operations There can be no assurance that we will be successful in our efforts to raise additional debt or equity capital and/or that cash generated by our future operations will be adequate to meet our needs. These factors, among others, indicate that we may be unable to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors. Critical Accounting Estimates Management uses various estimates and assumptions in preparing our financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported revenues and expenses. Accounting estimates that are the most important to the presentation of our results of operations and financial condition, and which require the greatest use of judgment by management, are designated as our critical accounting estimates. We have the following critical accounting estimates:
? Estimates and assumptions regarding the deductibility of expenses for
purposes of Section 280E of the Internal Revenue Code: Management evaluates
the expenses of its manufacturing and retail operations and makes certain
judgments regarding the deductibility of various expenses under Section
280E of the Internal Revenue Code based on its interpretation of this
regulation and its subjective assumptions about the categorization of these
expenses.
? Estimates and assumptions used in the valuation of derivative liabilities:
Management utilizes a lattice model to estimate the fair value of
derivative liabilities. The model includes subjective assumptions that can
materially affect the fair value estimates.
? Estimates and assumptions used in the valuation of intangible assets. In
order to value our intangible assets, management prepares multi-year
projections of revenue, costs of goods sold, gross margin, operating
expenses, taxes and after tax margins relating to the operations associated
with the intangible assets being valued. These projections are based on the
estimates of management at the time they are prepared and include subjective assumptions regarding industry growth and other matters.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Accounting standards promulgated by theFinancial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") are subject to change. Changes in such standards may have an impact on our future financial statements. The following are a summary of recent accounting developments. InJanuary 2017 , the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. In computing the implied fair value of goodwill under Step 2, currentU.S. GAAP requires the performance of procedures to determine the fair value at the impairment testing date of assets and liabilities (including unrecognized assets and liabilities) following the procedure that would be required in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Instead, the amendments under this ASU require the goodwill impairment test to be performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge should be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The ASU became effective for us onJanuary 1, 2020 . The amendments in this ASU were applied on a prospective basis. During the year endedMay 31, 2020 , the Company recorded an impairment of goodwill in the amount of$25,185,003 pursuant to ASU No. 2017-04. InMay 2017 , the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Stock Compensation - Scope of Modification Accounting, which provides guidance on which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. The ASU requires that an entity account for the effects of a modification unless the fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if used), vesting conditions and classification (as equity or liability) of the modified award are all the same as for the original award immediately before the modification. The ASU became effective for us onJanuary 1, 2018 , and is applied to an award modified on or after the adoption date. Adoption of ASU 2017-09 did not have a material effect on the Company's financial statements. 46
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InJuly 2017 , the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815). The amendments in Part I of this update change the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. When determining whether certain financial instruments should be classified as liabilities or equity instruments, a down round feature no longer precludes equity classification when assessing whether the instrument is indexed to an entity's own stock. The amendments also clarify existing disclosure requirements for equity-classified instruments. As a result, a freestanding equity-linked financial instrument (or embedded conversion option) no longer would be accounted for as a derivative liability at fair value as a result of the existence of a down round feature. For freestanding equity classified financial instruments, the amendments require entities that present earnings per share (EPS) in accordance with Topic 260 to recognize the effect of the down round feature when it is triggered. That effect is treated as a dividend and as a reduction of income available to common shareholders in basic EPS. Convertible instruments with embedded conversion options that have down round features are now subject to the specialized guidance for contingent beneficial conversion features (in Subtopic 470-20, Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options), including related EPS guidance (in Topic 260). The amendments in Part II of this update recharacterize the indefinite deferral of certain provisions of Topic 480 that now are presented as pending content in the Codification, to a scope exception. These amendments do not have an accounting effect. For public business entities, the amendments in Part I of this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning afterDecember 15, 2018 . Early adoption is permitted for all entities, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. EffectiveJune 1, 2018 , we adopted Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Under ASC 606, we recognize revenue from the commercial sales of products and licensing agreements by applying the following steps: (1) identify the contract with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when each performance obligation is satisfied. For the comparative periods, revenue has not been adjusted and continues to be reported under ASC 605 - Revenue Recognition. Under ASC 605, revenue is recognized when the following criteria are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) the performance of service has been rendered to a customer or delivery has occurred; (3) the amount of fee to be paid by a customer is fixed and determinable; and (4) the collectability of the fee is reasonably assured. There was no impact on our financial statements as a result of adopting ASC 606. OnJune 1, 2018 , we adopted ASU 2017-11 and accordingly reclassified the fair value of the reset provisions embedded in convertible notes payable and certain warrants with embedded anti-dilutive provisions from liability to equity in the aggregate amount of$1,265,751 . There are various other updates recently issued, most of which represented technical corrections to the accounting literature or application to specific industries and are not expected to a have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. 47
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