Overview
We currently produce boric acid inthe Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and plan to expand our existing manufacturing facilities through a joint venture to produce lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide for electric vehicle battery market inChina . The Company also plans to produce of lithium carbonate from existing ore deposits it purchases from an affiliated mining company. We formerly sold plate heat exchangers and heat pumps and sold those operations onSeptember 30, 2019 . OnDecember 31, 2018 (the "Closing Date"), we entered into a Share Exchange Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, as amendedJanuary 24, 2019 (the "Share Exchange Agreement") withMid-Heaven Sincerity International Resources Investment Co., Ltd (Mid-heaven BVI) and its shareholdersMao Zhang, Jian Zhang , andYing Zhao , constituting all of the shareholders of Mid-heaven BVI (the "Mid-heaven Shareholders"). Pursuant to the terms of the Share Exchange Agreement, the shareholders of Mid-heaven BVI delivered all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of Mid-Heaven BVI to SmartHeat, for 106,001,971 shares of our Common Stock. Mid-heaven BVI, through two subsidiaries,Qinghai Mid-Heaven Sincerity Technology Co., Ltd ("Sincerity") andQinghai Mid-Heaven Sincerity Salt-Lake R&D Co., Ltd ("Salt-Lake ") owns 100% ofQing Hai Mid-Heaven Boron & Lithium Technology Company, Ltd. ("Qinghai Technology"). The Acquisition was structured as a tax-free reorganization. As a result of the share exchange agreement, Mid-heaven BVI's shareholders own approximately 57% of the combined company. For accounting purposes, the transaction was accounted for as a reverse acquisition of the Company by Mid-heaven BVI. The main operating entity, Qinghai Technology was incorporatedDecember 18, 2018 . The business of Qinghai Technology was carved out of the business ofQinghai Zhongtian Boron & Lithium Mining Co., Ltd ("Qinghai Mining") onDecember 20, 2018 . Qinghai Mining was foundedMarch 6, 2001 , and manufactures and wholesales boric acid and related compounds for industrial and consumer usage. Qinghai Technology obtains its raw material minerals exclusively fromQinghai Mining and currently processes boric acid by crushing and processing ore. OnSeptember 30, 2019 ,Heat HP, Inc. andHeat PHE, Inc , our wholly owned subsidiaries, sold their respective equity interests in Jinhui,SmartHeat Investment , SmartHeat Trading, SmartHeat Pump and Heat Exchange for$353 . The equity interests were sold to individuals and businesses in the PRC. Each subsidiary was sold for nominal cash consideration as below and, as the transactions were structured as purchases of equity interests, the subsidiary companies retained all liabilities when sold.
SmartHeat Heat Exchange Equipment Co -
On
InDecember 2019 , a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) was reported inWuhan, China . TheWorld Health Organization declared the outbreak to constitute a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern." This contagious disease outbreak, which continues to spread to additional countries, and disrupts supply chains and affecting production and sales across a range of industries as a result of quarantines, facility closures, and travel and logistics restrictions in connection with the outbreak. The COVID-19 outbreak impacted the Company's operations for the first quarter of 2020. The Company had less production in the first quarter of 2020; the Company's factory was reopened one month later than originally planned, and it did not resume the production one week after the factory reopened due to the shortage of master liquid pool resulting from the longer period of shutdown of the machine. The cost of our coal increased during the first quarter of 2020 due to the overall lockdown inChina . The Company's sales also decreased for the first quarter of 2020 due to logistics restrictions put into place to curb travel. To facilitate the sales, the Company reduced the selling price byRMB 50 ($7 ) per ton to certain customers. The number of transportation vehicles has increased to meet the market's shipping needs sinceApril 2020 . In addition, the Company was able to procure sulfuric acid, a major raw material, from a local supplier at lower prices than usual due to excess supplies on the market. The Company's production and sales has been gradually increasing sinceApril 2020 . The impact of COVID-19 to the Company's operation was mitigated as of this report date. Even though the Company was able to resume normal operations in HaiXi since its facilities are far removed from big cities which have more challenges with respect to monitoring and controlling the outbreak, but the Company's executives, auditors and attorneyswho are located in large cities inChina and inthe United States were subject to various travel and quarantine restrictions which delayed the compilation of information needed to timely file this report on Form 10-Q. 22
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OnMarch 27, 2020 (PRC time), Qinghai Technology entered into an Investment Cooperation Agreement, Memorandum of Cooperation and Licensing Agreement with Xi'anJinzang Membrane Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. (Xi'an Jinzang) to produce up to 20,000 tons of battery grade lithium hydroxide and 10,000 tons of lithium carbonate annually, subject to funding. OnApril 15, 2020 , the parties formed a joint venture companyQinghai Zhonglixinmo Technology Co., Ltd (Qinghai Zhongli or JV) to process brine supplied byQinghai Technology. Qinghai Technology owns 51% of the joint venture and Xi' Jinzang owns the remaining 49%. The Joint Venture cooperation agreement calls for a capital contribution ofRMB 140 million ($19,746,000 ), which shall be paid in three phases according to the project construction progress:RMB 36 million ($5,077,000 ) to be paid within 10 days from the date of registration and establishment of the JV,RMB 72 million ($10,155,000 ) to be paid beforeJuly 31, 2020 , andRMB 32 million ($4,513,000 ) to be paid beforeOctober 31,2020 . All shareholders shall pay the capital in accordance with their respective shareholding ratio. The Company promises and guarantees that, during the existence of the project company, it will provide the JV with lithium bearing brine resources for free. During the construction and operation of the project, all parties agree to actively raise construction funds by means of bank loans, self-owned funds, etc. if the funds are not raised in time, the term of paid in capital can be extended accordingly upon consensus of all parties. Each party made an initial capital contribution ofRMB 5 million ($0.71 million ) inApril 2020 . Related Party Transactions Qinghai Technology purchased raw material boron rock from Qinghai Mining (owned by three major shareholders of the Company); in addition, Qinghai Technology sometimes received no-interest short-term advances from Qinghai Mining for daily operation needs. As ofMarch 31, 2020 andDecember 31, 2019 , , due fromQinghai Mining (was the net amount of intercompany transactions betweenQinghai Technology and Qinghai Mining due to carve out) was$0.73 million and$0.55 million , respectively. Qinghai Technology purchased$113,528 and$192,570 boron ore from Qinghai Mining during the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. OnJuly 1, 2019 , Qinghai Technology and Qinghai Mining entered a boron ore purchase contract for a term of one year. Qinghai Mining is to supplyQinghai Technology boron ore based on Qinghai Technology's monthly production plan at a price ofRMB 62 ($8.77 ) per ton. The price is adjustable in the future if there is a significant fluctuation of the market price for the boron ore. In the fourth quarter of 2019, this price was adjusted toRMB 70.46 ($10.21 ) per ton. In the first quarter of 2020, Qinghai Technology and Qinghai Mining entered a new purchase contract, the price for boron ore was adjusted toRMB 77.5 ($11.10 ) per ton, and the price for slag wasRMB 30 ($4.23 ) per ton. Qinghai Technology used equipment that belongs toQinghai Province DaChaiDan ZhongTian Resources Development Co., Ltd ("Zhongtian Resources", owned by two major shareholders of the Company) for production. The depreciation of these fixed assets had an impact on the production costs of boric acid of the Company, and was included in the Company's cost of sales. The depreciation of these fixed assets for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 and 2019 was$6,263 and$8,984 , respectively. Due to Zhongtian Resources resulting from using its equipment and payment of worker's compensation made by Zhongtian Resource forQinghai Technology was$54,633 and$49,125 atMarch 31, 2020 andDecember 31, 2019 , respectively. Qinghai Technology sold boric acid toQinghai Dingjia Zhixin Trading Co., Ltd ("Dingjia", 90% owned by the son of the Company's major shareholder). For the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company's sales to Dingjia was$0 and$58,379 , respectively. AtMarch 31, 2020 andDecember 31, 2019 , outstanding receivables from (payable to) Dingjia was$(0.06) million and$(0.06) million , respectively. In addition, atMarch 31, 2020 andDecember 31, 2019 , the Company had$679,891 and$573,263 due to another major shareholder of the Company, resulting from the certain of the Company's operating expenses such as legal and audit fees that were paid by this major shareholder on behalf of the Company. This short term advance bore no interest, and payable upon demand.
The following table summarized the due from (to) related parties as of
2020 2019 Related party name Due from Qinghai Mining$ 734,877 $ 554,527 Total$ 734,877 $ 554,527 Due to Zhongtian Resources$ 54,633 $ 49,125 Due to Dingjia 55,281 56,144 Due to A major shareholder 679,891 573,264 Total$ 789,805 $ 678,533 Going Concern
The accompanying consolidated financial statements ("CFS") were prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates continuity of operations, realization of assets, and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business.
As reflected in the accompanying CFS, the Company had net loss of$230,628 and$95,686 for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. 23
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In addition to current boric acid production business, the Company plans to produce lithium carbonate for the electric vehicle battery through a recently established joint venture. The Company also plans to produce lithium carbonate from existing ore deposits it purchases from an affiliated mining company. Management also intends to raise additional funds by way of a private or public offering, or by obtaining loans from banks or others. While the Company believes in the viability of its strategy to generate sufficient revenue and in its ability to raise additional funds on reasonable terms and conditions, there can be no assurances to that effect. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent upon the Company's ability to further implement its business plan and generate sufficient revenue and its ability to raise additional funds by way of a public or private offering. The CFS do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.
Significant Accounting Policies
While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements ("CFS"), we believe the following accounting policies are the most critical to aid you in fully understanding and evaluating this management discussion and analysis. Basis of Presentation
Our CFS are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted
in
Principles of Consolidation For the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , the accompanying CFS include the accounts of the Company's US parent, and Mid-heaven BVI and its subsidiaries, Sincerity,Salt-Lake and Qinghai Technology, which are collectively referred to as the "Company." For the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 , the accompanying CFS include the accounts of the Company's US parent, and its subsidiaries Heat HP and Heat PHE, and their subsidiaries SanDeKe, Jinhui,SmartHeat Investment , SmartHeat Trading, SmartHeat Pump, and Heat Exchange, and Mid-heaven BVI and its subsidiaries, Sincerity,Salt-Lake and Qinghai Technology, which are collectively referred to as the "Company." All significant intercompany accounts and transactions were eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates In preparing the financial statements in conformity with US GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates, required by management, include the recoverability of long-lived assets, allowance for doubtful accounts, and the reserve for obsolete and slow-moving inventories. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Accounts Receivable We maintain reserves for potential credit losses on accounts receivable. Management reviews the composition of accounts receivable and analyzes historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment patterns to evaluate the adequacy of these reserves. Based on historical collection activity, we had bad debt allowance for accounts receivable of$0 atMarch 31, 2020 andDecember 31,2019 . Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenues when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which it expects to receive in exchange for those goods. The Company recognizes revenues following the five step model prescribed under ASU No. 2014-09: (i) identify contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenues when (or as) we satisfy the performance obligation. Revenues from product sales are recognized when the customer obtains control of the Company's product, which occurs at a point in time, typically upon receipts of the goods by customer. Sales and purchases are recorded net of VAT collected and paid as the Company acts as an agent for the government. VAT taxes are not affected by the income tax holiday. Deferred Income Deferred income consists primarily of government grants and subsidies for supporting the Company's technology innovation and transformation of boric acid, lithium and magnesium sulfate projects. The Company uses most of the subsidies to purchase machinery and equipment. Deferred income is amortized to revenue (other income) over the life of the assets for which the grant and subsidy was used for. Subsidies for declared project fund require government inspection to ensure proper use of the funds for the designated project. 24
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Foreign Currency Translation and Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The accounts of the US parent company are maintained in USD. The functional currency of the Company'sChina subsidiaries is the Chinese Yuan Renminbi ("RMB"). The accounts of theChina subsidiaries were translated into USD in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 830, "Foreign Currency Matters." According to FASB ASC Topic 830, all assets and liabilities were translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date; stockholders' equity was translated at the historical rates and statement of operations items were translated at the average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under other comprehensive income in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 220, "Comprehensive Income."
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, which include tangible assets, such as property and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of long-lived assets to be held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value ("FV") of the assets. FV generally is determined using the asset's expected future discounted cash flows or market value, if readily determinable. Effective onJanuary 1, 2020 , the Company adopted ASU No. 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The guidance removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
InJune 2016 , the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), which requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning afterDecember 15, 2022 . Early application will be permitted for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning afterDecember 15, 2018 . The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its CFS. InDecember 2019 , the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which simplifies the accounting for income taxes, eliminates certain exceptions within ASC 740, Income Taxes, and clarifies certain aspects of the current guidance to promote consistent application among reporting entities. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning afterDecember 15, 2020 , and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. Upon adoption, the Company must apply certain aspects of this standard retrospectively for all periods presented while other aspects are applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Company is evaluating the impact this update will have on its CFS. Results of Operations
Three Months Ended
The following table sets forth the consolidated results of our operations for the periods indicated as a percentage of net sales, certain columns may not add due to rounding. 2020 % of Sales 2019 % of Sales Sales$ 1,010,498 $ 1,385,751 Cost of sales 930,744 92.1 % 1,224,059 88.3 % Gross profit 79,754 7.9 % 161,692 11.7 % Selling expenses 56,205 5.6 % 100,402 7.3 % General and administrative expenses 287,002 28.4 % 202,473 14.6 % Total operating expenses 343,207 34.0 % 302,875 21.9 % Loss from operations (263,453 ) (26.1 )% (141,183 ) (10.2 )% Other income 32,825 3.2 % 48,304 3.5 % Loss before income taxes (230,628 ) (22.9 )% (92,879 ) (6.7 )% Income tax expense - - % - - % Loss from continuing operations (230,628 ) (22.9 )% (92,879 ) (6.7 )% Loss from operations of discontinued entities, net of tax - - % (2,807 ) (0.2 )% Net income$ (230,628 ) (22.9 )%$ (95,686 ) (6.9 )% 25
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Table of Contents Sales Sales for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 and 2019 was$1,010,498 and$1,385,751 , respectively, a decrease of$375,253 or 27.1%. For the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company's sales to Dingjia, a related party company 90% owned by the son of the major shareholder of the Company, was$0 and$58,379 , respectively. The decrease in sales for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 was mainly due to the logistic restriction as a result of COVID19 outbreak; facilitate sales, we reduced our selling price byRMB 50 ($7 ) per ton to certain customers. Cost of sales Cost of sales ("COS") for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 and 2019 was$930,744 and$1,224,059 , respectively, a decrease of$293,315 or 24.0%. The decrease was mainly due to decreased sales. The COS as a percentage of sales was 92.1% for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 compared with 88.3% for 2019. The increase in COS as a percentage of sales was mainly due to 1) decreased sales, 2) increased average cost of production. Due to COVID19 outbreak, our factory was reopened one month later than originally planned, and we did not resume the production one week after the factory reopened due to the drought of master liquid pool resulting from the longer period of shutdown of the machine, we spent additional days and had extra acid and mineral consumption to cultivate the concentration level of master liquid pool. In addition, the coal cost increased during the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 due to the overall lockdown inChina . Our production was back to normal inApril 2020 . Gross profit The gross profit for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 and 2019 was$79,754 and$161,692 , respectively, a decrease of$81,938 or 50.7%. The profit margin was 7.9% for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 compared to 11.7% for the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 , the decrease in profit margin was mainly due to the reasons described above. Operating expenses Selling expenses consist mainly of salespersons' salaries and freight out. Selling expense were$56,205 for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , compared to$100,402 for the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 , a decrease of$44,197 or 44.0%, mainly resulting from decreased freight out expense of$24,935 and decreased salespersons' salaries of$4,396 . General and administrative expenses consist mainly of bad debt expense, R&D, office, welfare, business meeting, maintenance, and utilities. General and administrative expenses were$287,002 (including$2,568 bad debts) for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , compared to$202,473 (including$(91,888) bad debts reversal) for the three months endedMarch 31 2019 , an increase of$84,529 or 41.7%, mainly resulting from decreased bad debts reversal by$(94,456) , which was partly offset by decreased other G&A expenses of$9,927 . Other income Other income was$32,825 for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , compared to$48,304 for the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 , an decrease of$15,479 or 32.0%. For the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , other income mainly consisted of subsidy income of$47,141 but offset with a charitable donation of$14,349 . For the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 , other income mainly consisted of subsidy income of$47,060 . Government provides grants and subsidies to support the Company's technology innovation and transformation of boric acid, lithium and magnesium sulfate projects. The Company uses most of the subsidies to purchase machinery and equipment, which is amortized to revenue (other income) over the life of the assets for which the grant and subsidy was used for. Subsidies for declared project fund require government inspection to ensure proper use of the funds for the designated project.
Loss from continuing operations
Loss from continuing operations was$230,628 loss for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , compared to$92,879 for the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 . The$137,749 or 148.3% increase in loss from continuing operations was mainly due to increased G&A expense as described above.
Loss from operations of discontinued entities
Loss from operations of discontinued entities was$2,807 for the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 , which was the operations from Jinhui,SmartHeat Investment , SmartHeat Trading, SmartHeat Pump and Heat Exchange, the Company sold these entities onSeptember 30, 2019 . 26
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Table of Contents Net loss We had a net loss of$230,628 for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , compared to$95,686 for the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 , an increase of net loss by$134,942 or 141%. The increase in our net loss mainly resulted from increased G&A expense and decreased sales as described above.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of
The following is a summary of cash provided by or used in each of the indicated
types of activities during three months ended
2020 2019 Cash provided by (used in): Operating activities$ 274,672 $ 76,628 Investing activities - - Financing activities$ (78,758 ) $ (21,485 ) Net cash provided by operating activities was$274,672 for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , compared to$76,628 for the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 . The increase of cash inflow from operating activities for 2020 was principally attributable to increased cash inflow from inventory by$252,973 , and increased cash inflow from accounts receivable by$286,378 , which was partly offset by increased net loss by$134,942 , decreased cash inflow of unearned revenue by$162,178 and decreased cash inflow from advances to suppliers by$62,090 . Net cash used in financing activities was$78,758 for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , compared to$21,485 net cash used in financing activities for the three months endedMarch 31, 2019 . The net cash used in financing activities in 2020 consisted of increase in due from Qinghai Mining of$191,744 and increase in due to other related parties of$112,986 . The net cash used in financing activities in 2019 consisted of decrease in due from Qinghai Mining of$3,975,343 and decrease in due to other related parties of$3,996,828 . Dividend Distribution We are a US holding company that conducts substantially all of our business through our wholly owned and other consolidated operating entities inChina . We rely in part on dividends paid by our subsidiaries inChina for our cash needs, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders, to service any debt we may incur and to pay our operating expenses. The payment of dividends by entities organized inChina is subject to limitations. In particular, PRC regulations currently permit payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with accounting standards and regulations inChina . Our PRC subsidiaries also are required to set aside at least 10% of their after-tax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to a statutory surplus reserve fund until the accumulative amount of such reserve reaches 50% of registered capital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. In addition, our PRC subsidiaries, at their discretion, may allocate a portion of their after-tax profit to their staff welfare and bonus fund, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation. Moreover, if any of our subsidiaries incur debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict such subsidiary's ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us. Any limitation on the ability of one of our subsidiaries to distribute dividends and other distributions to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our businesses, pay dividends or otherwise fund and conduct our business.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have not entered into any other financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties other than as described following under "Contractual Obligations." We have not entered into any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as stockholders' equity or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, we do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing, hedging or research and development services with us. 27
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