Senetas : Quantum Resistant Encryption

WHY TOMORROW'S QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES THREATEN TODAY'S ENCRYPTION SECURITY

A REVIEW OF THE QUANTUM THREAT

WHAT IS A QUANTUM COMPUTER?

A new type of computer that seeks to exploit the properties of quantum mechanics, such as entanglement and superposition, to exponentially speed up computing performance for some mathematically hard problems.

QUANTUM BITS - THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF A QUANTUM COMPUTER

The keys to understanding the power of a quantum computer are superposition and entanglement.

• • Classical bit: 0 or 1

• • Quantum bit (qubit): Superposition of 0 and 1

'N' Entangled qubits represents all 2N states simultaneously. Entangled qubits are connected in such a way that when we measure them, their state is mathematically related.

Every additional qubit leads to an exponential increase in the number of states that can be represented. EG two qubits = 4, three qubits = 8 etc.

WOW! With just 300 qubits it is possible to represent more state simultaneously than there are atoms in the observable universe!

BIT

QUBIT

QUANTUM BITS - THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF A QUANTUM COMPUTER

Qubits can exist in many physical forms…

However, they are very fragile. Think of them as soap bubbles - they tend to have unwanted interactions with their environment which leads to their collapse

(decoherence).

For reliability, we need multiple copies of Qubits (error correction). Current estimates suggest we need 1000 physical qubits for every logical qubit, which means we need around 1million physical qubits to perform reliable calculations.

Persistent current in a superconducting circuit

Photon polarization

P

QUBIT

e

Electric Magnetic Field

Atom Internal State