CHINA GREEN AGRICULTURE, INC. The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contain forward-looking statements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as the slow-down of the macro-economic environment inChina and its impact on economic growth in general, the competition in the fertilizer industry and the impact of such competition on pricing, revenues and margins, the weather conditions in the areas where our customers are based, the cost of attracting and retaining highly skilled personnel, the prospects for future acquisitions, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements. With these risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forward-looking statements contained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements contained
in this report.
The forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required byU.S. federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of this report and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices, and our assumptions as of such date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions
or otherwise. Unless the context indicates otherwise, as used in the notes to the financial statements of the Company, the following are the references herein of all the subsidiaries of the Company (i)Green Agriculture Holding Corporation ("GreenNew Jersey "), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Green Nevada incorporated in theState of New Jersey ; (ii)Shaanxi TechTeam Jinong Humic Acid Product Co., Ltd. ("Jinong"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Green New Jersey organized under the laws of the PRC; (iii) Xi'anHu County Yuxing Agriculture Technology Development Co., Ltd. ("Yuxing"), a Variable Interest Entity in the PRC ("VIE") controlled by Jinong through contractual agreements; (iv)Beijing Gufeng Chemical Products Co., Ltd. , a wholly-owned subsidiary of Jinong in the PRC ("Gufeng"); and (v)Beijing Tianjuyuan Fertilizer Co., Ltd. , Gufeng's wholly-owned subsidiary in the PRC ("Tianjuyuan"). Yuxing may also collectively be referred to as the "the
VIE Company". Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) "PRC" and "China" are tothe People's Republic of China ; (ii) "U.S. dollar," "$" and "US$" are toUnited States dollars; and (iii) "RMB", "Yuan" and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC orChina . Overview We are engaged in the research, development, production, and sale of various types of fertilizers and agricultural products in the PRC through our wholly owned Chinese subsidiaries, Jinong and Gufeng (including Gufeng's subsidiary Tianjuyuan), and our VIE, Yuxing. Our primary business is fertilizer products, specifically humic-acid based compound fertilizer produced by Jinong and compound fertilizer, blended fertilizer, organic compound fertilizer, slow-release fertilizer, highly concentrated water-soluble fertilizer, and mixed organic-inorganic compound fertilizer produced by Gufeng. In addition, through Yuxing, we develop and produce various agricultural products, such as top-grade fruits, vegetables, flowers and colored seedlings. For financial reporting purposes, our operations are organized into three business segments: fertilizer products (Jinong), fertilizer products (Gufeng) and agricultural products (Yuxing). The fertilizer business conducted by Jinong and Gufeng generated approximately 89.6% and 91.2% of our total revenues for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Yuxing serves as a research and development base for our fertilizer products. Fertilizer Products As ofSeptember 30, 2022 , we had developed and produced a total of 416 different fertilizer products in use, of which 80 were developed and produced by Jinong, 336 by Gufeng. 26
Below is a table that shows the metric tons of fertilizer sold by Jinong and Gufeng and the revenue per ton for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended
September 30, Change 2021 to 2022
2022 2021 Amount %
(metric tons)
Jinong 9,385 15,224 (5,839 ) -38.4 %
Gufeng 24,171 38,771 (14,600 ) -37.7 %
33,556 53,995 (20,439 ) -37.9 %
Three Months Ended
September 30,
2022 2021
(revenue per tons)
Jinong $ 1,294 $ 997
Gufeng 520 378
For the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , we sold approximately 33,556 tons of fertilizer products, as compared to 53,995 metric tons for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . For the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , Jinong sold approximately 9,385 metric tons of fertilizer products, as compared to 15,224 metric tons for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . For the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , Gufeng sold approximately 24,171 metric tons of fertilizer products, as compared to 38,771 metric tons for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Our sales of fertilizer products to customers in five provinces withinChina accounted for approximately 60.7% of our fertilizer revenue for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . Specifically, the provinces and their respective percentage contributing to our fertilizer revenues wereHebei (27.3%),Inner Mongolia (9.9%),Heilongjiang (9.6%),Liaoning (7.2%), andShaanxi (6.7%). As ofSeptember 30, 2022 , we had a total of 1318 distributors covering 22 provinces, 4 autonomous regions and 4 central government-controlled municipalities inChina . Jinong had 974 distributors inChina . Jinong's sales are not dependent on any single distributor or any group of distributors. Jinong's top five distributors accounted for 12.6% of its fertilizer revenues for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . Gufeng had 344 distributors, including some large state-owned enterprises. Gufeng's top five distributors accounted for 78.4% of its revenues for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . Agricultural Products Through Yuxing, we develop, produce and sell high-quality flowers, green vegetables and fruits to local marketplaces and various horticulture and planting companies. We also use certain of Yuxing's greenhouse facilities to conduct research and development activities for our fertilizer products. The three PRC provinces and municipalities that accounted for 93.4% of our agricultural products revenue for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 wereShaanxi (83.6%),Shanghai (5.7%), andBeijing (4.0%). Recent Developments New Products During the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , Jinong launched no new fertilizer product but eliminated 80 unqualified distributors. During the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , Gufeng launched 0 new fertilizer products
and added 0 new distributors.
Strategic Acquisitions and Discontinuations of Sales VIE Companies
OnJune 30, 2016 andJanuary 1, 2017 , through Jinong, we entered (i) Strategic Acquisition Agreements (the "SAA"), and (ii) Agreements for Convertible Notes (the "ACN"), with the shareholders of the companies as identified below (the "Targets"). 27 June 30, 2016: Cash Principal of Payment for Notes for Acquisition Acquisition Company Name Business Scope (RMB[1]) (RMB) Shaanxi Lishijie Sales of pesticides, agricultural Agrochemical chemicals, chemical fertilizers, Co., Ltd. agricultural materials; Manufacture and sales of mulches. 10,000,000 3,000,000 Songyuan Promotion and consulting services regarding Jinyangguang agricultural technologies; Retail sales of Sannong Service chemical fertilizers (including compound Co., Ltd. fertilizers and organic fertilizers); Wholesale and retail sales of pesticides, agricultural machinery and accessories; Collection of agricultural information; Development of saline-alkali soil; Promotion and development of high-efficiency agriculture and related information technology solutions for agriculture, agricultural and biological engineering high technologies; E-commerce; Cultivation of freshwater fish, poultry, fruits, flowers, vegetables, and seeds; Recycling and complex utilization of straw and stalk; Technology transfer and training; Recycling of agricultural materials ; Ecological industry planning. 8,000,000 12,000,000
Shenqiu County Cultivation of crops; Storage, sales,
Zhenbai preliminary processing and logistics
Agriculture Co., distribution of agricultural by-products;
Ltd.(2) Promotion and application of agricultural
technologies; Purchase and sales of
agricultural materials; Electronic
commerce. 3,000,000 12,000,000
Weinan City Promotion and application of new
Linwei District agricultural technologies; Professional
Wangtian prevention of plant diseases and insect
Agricultural pests; Sales of plant protection products,
Materials Co., plastic mulches, material, chemical
Ltd. fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural
medicines, micronutrient fertilizers,
hormones, agricultural machinery and
medicines, and gardening tools. 6,000,000 12,000,000
Aksu Xindeguo Wholesale and retail sales of pesticides;
Agricultural Sales of chemical fertilizers, packaged
Materials Co., seeds, agricultural mulches, micronutrient
Ltd.(3) fertilizers, compound fertilizers, plant
growth regulators, agricultural
machineries, and water economizers;
Consulting services for agricultural
technologies; Purchase and sales of
agricultural by- products. 10,000,000 12,000,000
Xinjiang Sales of chemical fertilizers, packaged
Xinyulei seeds, agricultural mulches, micronutrient
Eco-agriculture fertilizers, organic fertilizers, plant
Science and growth regulators, agricultural
Technology Co., machineries, and water economizers;
Ltd (3) Purchase and sales of agricultural
by-products; Cultivation of fruits and
vegetables; Consulting services and
training for agricultural technologies;
Storage services; Sales of articles of
daily use, food and oil; On-line sales of
the above-mentioned products.
Total 37,000,000 51,000,000
(1) The exchange rate between RMB and
(2) On
Jinong, discontinued the strategic acquisition agreements and the series of
contractual agreements with the shareholders of Zhenbai. In return, the
shareholders of Zhenbai agreed to tender the whole payment consideration in
the SAA back to the Company with early termination penalties. The convertible
notes paid to Zhenbai's shareholders, and the accrued interest had been
forfeited.
(3) On
discontinued the strategic acquisition agreements and the series of
contractual agreements with the shareholders of Xindeguo and Xinyulei. In
return, the shareholders of Xindeguo and Xinyulei and agreed to pay cash with
amount of RMB1,850,000 (approximately $259,370 ) to the Company.
(4) On
discontinued the strategic acquisition agreements and the series of
contractual agreements with the shareholders of Lishijie. In return, the
shareholders of Lishijie agreed to pay cash with amount of RMB3,500,000
(approximately $490,700 ) to the Company.
(5) On
discontinued the strategic acquisition agreements and the series of
contractual agreements with the shareholders of Jinyangguang and Wangtian. In
return, the shareholders of Jinyangguang and Wangtian agreed to pay cash with
amount off RMB11,700,000 (approximately $1,640,340 ) to the Company.
28
January 1, 2017:
Cash Principal of
Payment for Notes for
Acquisition Acquisition
Company Name Business Scope (RMB[1]) (RMB)
Sunwu County Sales of pesticides, agricultural
4,000,000 6,000,000
Anhui Fengnong Wholesale and retail sales of pesticides; Seed Co., Ltd. Sales of chemical fertilizers, packaged
seeds, agricultural mulches, micronutrient
fertilizers, compound fertilizers and plant
growth regulators 4,000,000 6,000,000
Total 8,000,000 12,000,000
(1) The exchange rate between RMB and
(2) On
discontinued the strategic acquisition agreements and the series of
contractual agreements with the shareholders of
shareholders of
(approximately $3,425,086 ) to the Company.
(3) On
Jinong, discontinued the strategic acquisition agreements and the series of
contractual agreements with the shareholders of Fengnong. In return, the
shareholders of Fengnong agreed to pay cash with amount of
RMB8,750,000 (approximately $1,226,750 ) to the Company.
29
Pursuant to the SAA and the ACN, the shareholders of the Targets, while
retaining possession of the equity interests and continuing to be the legal
owners of such interests, agreed to pledge and entrust all of their equity
interests, including the proceeds thereof (but excluding any claims or
encumbrances), and the operations and management of its business to Jinong, in
exchange for an aggregate amount of RMB45,000,000 (approximately $6,309,000 ) to
be paid by Jinong within three days following the execution of the SAA, ACN and
the VIE Agreements, and convertible notes with an aggregate face value of RMB
63,000,000 (approximately $8,832,600 ) with an annual fixed compound interest
rate of 3% and term of three years.
Jinong acquired the Targets using the VIE arrangement based on our need to further develop our business and comply with the regulatory requirements under the PRC laws.
As our business focuses on the production of fertilizer, all our business activities intertwine with those in the agriculture industry inChina . Specifically, we deal with compliance, regulation, safety, inspection, and licenses in fertilizer production, farmland use and transfer, growing and distribution of agriculture goods, agriculture basic supplies, seeds, pesticides, and trades of grains. It is an industry in which heavy regulations get implemented and strictly enforced. In addition, E-commerce, which is also under strict government regulation in the PRC, has lately become a sales and distribution channel for agricultural products. Currently, we are developing an online platform to connect the physical distribution network we either own
or lease. Compared with the regulatory environment in other jurisdictions, the regulatory environment in the PRC is unique. For example, the "M&A Rules" purports to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals and formed for purposes of overseas listing through acquisition of PRC domestic interests held by such PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of theChina Securities Regulatory Commission (the "CSRC") prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle's securities on an overseas stock exchange. OnSeptember 21, 2006 , the CSRC published procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by special purpose vehicles. For both e-commerce and agriculture industries, PRC regulators limit the investment from foreign entities and set particularly rules for foreign-owned entities to conduct business. We expect these limitations on foreign-owned entities will continue to exist in e-commerce and agriculture industries. The VIE arrangement, however, provides feasibility for obtaining administrative approval process and avoiding industry restrictions that can be imposed on an entity that is a wholly-owned subsidiary of a foreign entity. The VIE agreements reduce uncertainty and the current limitation risk. It is our understanding that the VIE agreements, as well as the control we obtained through VIE arrangement, are valid and enforceable. Such legal structure does not violate the known, published, and current PRC laws. While there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC Laws and future PRC laws and regulations, and there can be no assurance that the PRC authorities will take a view that is not contrary to or otherwise different from our belief and understanding stated above, we believe the substantial difficulty that we experienced previously to conduct business in agriculture as a foreign ownership can be greatly reduced by the VIE arrangement. Further, as an integral part of the VIE arrangement, the underlying equity pledge agreements provide legal protection for the control we obtained. Pursuant to the equity pledge agreements, we have completed the equity pledge processes with the Targets to ensure the complete control of the interests in the Targets. The shareholders of the Targets are not entitled to transfer any shares to a third party under the exclusive option agreements. If necessary, they may transfer shares to our company without consideration. While the VIE arrangement provides us with the feasibility to conduct our business in the E-Commerce and agriculture industries, validity and enforceability of VIE arrangement is subject to (i) any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors' rights generally, (ii) possible judicial or administrative actions or any PRC Laws affecting creditors' rights, (iii) certain equitable, legal or statutory principles affecting the validity and enforceability of contractual rights generally under concepts of public interest, interests of the State, national security, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing, and applicable statutes of limitation; (iv) any circumstance in connection with formulation, execution or implementation of any legal documents that would be deemed materially mistaken, clearly unconscionable, fraudulent, coercive at the conclusions thereof; and (v) judicial discretion with respect to the availability of indemnifications, remedies or defenses, the calculation of damages, the entitlement to attorney's fees and other costs, and the waiver of immunity from jurisdiction of any court or from legal process. Validity and enforceability of VIE arrangement is also subject to risk derived from the discretion of any competent PRC legislative, administrative or judicial bodies in exercising their authority in the PRC. As a result, there can no assurance that any of such PRC Laws will not be changed, amended or replaced in the immediate future or in the longer term with or without retrospective effect. 30 Results of Operations Three Months endedSeptember 30, 2022 Compared to the Three Months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . 2022 2021 Change $ Change % Sales Jinong$ 12,148,002 $ 15,161,742 (3,013,740 ) -19.9 % Gufeng 12,578,822 14,788,252 (2,209,430 ) -14.9 % Yuxing 2,870,501 2,888,894 (18,393 ) -0.6 % Net sales 27,597,325 32,838,888 (5,241,563 ) -16.0 % Cost of goods sold Jinong 8,760,170 11,092,311 (2,332,141 ) -21.0 % Gufeng 11,254,877 12,857,262 (1,602,385 ) -12.5 % Yuxing 2,397,469 2,389,467 8,002 0.3 % Cost of goods sold 22,412,516 26,339,040 (3,926,524 ) -14.9 % Gross profit 5,184,809 6,499,848 (1,315,039 ) -20.2 % Operating expenses Selling expenses 2,437,354 3,429,443 (992,089 ) -28.9 %
General and administrative expenses 3,285,115 16,315,850 (13,030,735 ) -79.9 % Total operating expenses 5,722,469 19,745,293 (14,022,824 ) -71.0 % Income (loss) from operations (537,660 ) (13,245,445
) 12,707,785 -95.9 % Other income (expense) Other income (expense) 27,790 (2,773 ) 30,563 -1102.2 % Interest income 64,000 45,247 18,752 41.4 % Interest expense (82,244 ) (72,011 ) (10,233 ) 14.2 %
Total other income (expense) 9,546 (29,537 ) 39,082 -132.3 % (Loss) before income taxes (528,114 ) (13,274,982 ) 12,746,867 -96.0 % Provision for income taxes - 70,464 (70,464 ) -100.0 % Net (loss) from continuing operations$ (528,114 ) $ (13,345,446 ) 12,817,331 -96.0 % Net (loss) from discontinued operations - (1,731,762 ) 1,731,762 -100.0 % Net (Loss) (528,114 ) (15,077,208
) 14,549,093 -96.5 %
Other comprehensive income (loss) Foreign currency translation gain (loss) (10,920,158 ) 456,574
(11,376,732 ) -2491.8 %
Comprehensive (loss) $ (11,448,272 ) $ (14,620,634 ) 3,172,361 -21.7 %
31
Net Sales
Total net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2022 were $27,597,325 ,
a decrease of $5,241,563 or 16.0%, from $32,838,888 for the three months ended
September 30, 2021 . This decrease was mainly due to the decrease for Jinong's
net sales.
For the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , Jinong's net sales increased$3,013,740 , or 19.9%, to$12,148,002 from$15,161,742 for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This decrease was mainly due to Jinong's lower sales volume in the last three months. Jinong sold approximately 9,385 metric tons of fertilizer products for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , decreased 5,839 tons or 38.4%, as compared to 15,224 metric tons for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . For the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , Gufeng's net sales were$12,578,822 , a decrease of$2,209,430 or 14.9%, from$14,788,252 for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This decrease was mainly due to Gufeng's lower sales volume in the last three months. Gufeng sold approximately 24,171 metric tons of fertilizer products for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , decreased 14,600 tons or 37.7%, as compared to 38,771 metric tons for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 .
For the three months ended
Cost of Goods Sold
Total cost of goods sold for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 was$22,412,516 , a decrease of$3,926,524 , or 14.9%, from$26,339,040 for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The decrease was mainly due to 21.0% decrease in Jinong's cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold by Jinong for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 was$8,760,170 , a decrease of$2,332,141 , or 21.0%, from$11,092,311 for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The decrease in cost of goods was primarily due to lower net sales in last three months. Cost of goods sold by Gufeng for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 was$11,254,877 , a decrease of$1,602,385 , or 12.5%, from$12,857,262 for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This decrease was primarily due to the 14.9% decrease in net sale in last three months.
For three months ended
32
Gross Profit
Total gross profit for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 decreased by$1,315,039 , or 20.2%, to$5,184,809 , as compared to$6,499,848 for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Gross profit margin percentage was 18.8% and 19.8% for the three months EndedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Gross profit generated by Jinong decreased by$681,599 , or 16.7%, to$3,387,832 for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 from$4,069,431 for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Gross profit margin percentage from Jinong's sales was approximately 27.9% and 26.8% for the three months EndedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in gross profit margin percentage was mainly due to the higher unit sales price for Jinong in the fiscal year 2023. For the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , gross profit generated by Gufeng was$1,323,945 , a decrease of$607,045 , or 31.4%, from$1,930,990 for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Gross profit margin percentage from Gufeng's sales was approximately 10.5% and 13.1% for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. For the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , gross profit generated by Yuxing was$473,032 , a decrease of$26,395 , or 5.3% from$499,427 for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The gross profit margin percentage was approximately 16.5% and 17.3% for the three months EndedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease in gross profit margin percentage was mainly due to the increase in product costs. Selling Expenses Our selling expenses consisted primarily of salaries of sales personnel, advertising and promotion expenses, freight-out costs and related compensation. Selling expenses were$2,437,354 , or 8.8%, of net sales for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , as compared to$3,429,443 , or 10.4%, of net sales for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , a decrease of$992,089 , or 28.9%. The decrease in selling expense was caused by the decrease in marketing activities. The selling expenses of Jinong for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 were$2,351,822 or 19.4% of Jinong's net sales, as compared to selling expenses of$3,329,991 or 22.0% of Jinong's net sales for the three months endedSeptember 30 , 2021.The selling expenses of Yuxing were$19,046 or 0.7% of Yuxing's net sales for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , as compared to$13,780 or 0.5% of Yuxing's net sales for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The selling expenses of Gufeng were$66,487 or 0.5% of Gufeng's net sales for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , as compared to$85,671 or 0.6% of Gufeng's net sales for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 .
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses consisted primarily of related salaries, rental expenses, business development, depreciation and travel expenses incurred by our general and administrative departments and legal and professional expenses including expenses incurred and accrued for certain litigation. General and administrative expenses were$3,285,115 , or 11.9% of net sales for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , as compared to$16,315,850 , or 49.7% of net sales for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , a decrease of$13,030,735 , or 79.9%. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was mainly due to lower general and administrative expenses for Gufeng. Gufeng's general and administrative expenses were$1,921,188 for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , a decreased$9,015,128 , or 82.4%, as compared to$10,936,316 for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . 33
Total Other Income (Expenses)
Total other income (expenses) consisted of income from subsidies received from the PRC government, interest income, interest expenses and bank charges. Total other income for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 was$9,546 , as compared to other expense of$29,537 for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , a decrease in expense of$39,082 or 132.3%. The decrease in total other expense resulted from higher interest income in last three months. Income Taxes Jinong is subject to a preferred tax rate of 15% because of its business being classified as a High-Tech project under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law ("EIT") that became effective onJanuary 1, 2008 . Jinong incurred income tax expenses of 0 for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021.
Gufeng is subject to a tax rate of 25%, incurred 0 income tax expenses for the
three months ended
Yuxing has no income tax for the Three months EndedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021 because of being exempted from paying income tax due to its products fall into the tax exemption list set out in the EIT. Net Income (loss)
Net (loss) for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 was$(528,114) , a decrease in loss of$14,549,093 , or 96.5%, compared to net (loss) of$(15,077,208) for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Net (loss) as a percentage of total net sales was approximately -1.9% and -45.9% for the three months EndedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Net (loss) from continuing operations for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 was$(528,114) , a decrease of loss with amount of$12,817,331 , or 96.0%, compared to net (loss) of$(13,345,446) for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The decrease was mainly due to lower General and administrative expenses.
Net (loss) from discontinued operations was 0 and
Discussion of Segment Profitability Measures
As ofSeptember 30, 2022 , we were engaged in the following businesses: the production and sale of fertilizers through Jinong and Gufeng, and the production and sale of high-quality agricultural products by Yuxing. For financial reporting purpose, our operations were organized into three main business segments based on locations and products: Jinong (fertilizer production), Gufeng (fertilizer production) and Yuxing (agricultural products production). Each of the segments has its own annual budget about development, production and sales. 34 Each of the three operating segments referenced above has separate and distinct general ledgers. The chief operating decision maker ("CODM") makes decisions with respect to resources allocation and performance assessment upon receiving financial information, including revenue, gross margin, operating income and net income produced from the various general ledger systems; however, net income by segment is the principal benchmark to measure profit or loss adopted by the CODM. For Jinong, the net income increased by$4,803,267 , or 125.8%, to$984,350 for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , from net loss of$(3,818,917) for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The increase in net income was principally due to lower general and administrative expense. For Gufeng, the net (loss) decreased by$8,417,071 , or 91.9%, to net (loss) of$(746,500) for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , from net (loss) of$(9,163,571) for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The decrease was principally due to the decrease in general and administrative expense.
For Yuxing, the net income increased
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal sources of liquidity include cash from operations, borrowings from local commercial banks and net proceeds of offerings of our securities.
As of
We intend to use the net proceeds from our securities offerings, as well as other working capital if required, to acquire new businesses, upgrade production lines and complete Yuxing's new greenhouse facilities for agriculture products located on 88 acres of land in Hu County, 18 kilometers southeast ofXi'an city. We believe that we have sufficient cash on hand and positive projected cash flow from operations to support our business growth for the next twelve months to the extent we do not have further significant acquisitions or expansions. However, if events or circumstances occur and we do not meet our operating plan as expected, we may be required to seek additional capital and/or to reduce certain discretionary spending, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our business objectives. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we may seek additional financing as necessary for expansion purposes and when we believe market conditions are most advantageous, which may include additional debt and/or equity financings. There can be no assurance that any additional financing will be available on acceptable terms, if at all. Any equity financing may result in dilution to existing stockholders and any debt financing may include restrictive covenants. 35 The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated: Three Months EndedSeptember 30, 2022 2021
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$ (2,995,510 ) $ 1,514,956 Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 683,884
1,793,168
Net cash provided by financing activities 18,025,034 -
Effect of exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalents (3,651,176 ) 120,495 Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
12,062,232 3,428,619
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning balance 57,770,303
18,593,944
Cash and cash equivalents, ending balance$ 69,832,535
$ 22,022,563 Operating Activities Net cash used in operating activities was$2,995,510 for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , an increase of$4,510,466 , or 297.7%, from cash provided by operating activities of$1,514,956 for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The increase in cash used in operating activities was mainly due to a decrease in customer deposits during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. Investing Activities Net cash provided by investing activities for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 was$683,884 , a decrease of$1,109,284 , or 61.9%, compared to cash used in investing activities of$1,793,168 for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The decrease was mainly due to less fund received for the sales of discontinued operations during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . Financing Activities Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 was$18,025,034 , an increase of$18,025,034 , or 100.0% compared to 0 net cash provided by financing activities for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The increase was mainly due to the proceeds from sales of common stock with amount of$16,757,130 and the proceeds from loans with amount of$1,167,904 for Jinong during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . As ofSeptember 30, 2022 , andJune 30, 2022 , our loans payable was as follows:September 30 ,June 30, 2022 2022
Short term loans payable:
$ 4,907,000 $ 4,031,100 Accounts Receivable
We had accounts receivable of
Allowance for doubtful accounts in accounts receivable as ofSeptember 30, 2022 was$52,712,312 , a decrease of$5,287,954 , or 9.1%, from$58,000,266 as ofJune 30, 2022 . And the allowance for doubtful accounts as a percentage of accounts receivable was 65.8% as ofSeptember 30, 2022 and 66.8% as ofJune 30, 2022 . Deferred assets We had no deferred assets as ofSeptember 30, 2022 andJune 30, 2022 . During the three months, we assisted the distributors in certain marketing efforts and developing standard stores to expand our competitive advantage and market shares. Based on the distributor agreements, the amount owed by the distributors in certain marketing efforts and store development will be expensed over three years if the distributors are actively selling our products. If a distributor defaults, breaches, or terminates the agreement with us earlier than the contractual terms, the unamortized portion of the amount owed by the distributor is payable to us immediately. The deferred assets had been fully amortized
as ofSeptember 30, 2022 . 36 Inventories
We had inventories of$45,345,300 as ofSeptember 30, 2022 , as compared to$42,198,186 as ofJune 30, 2022 , a increase of$3,147,114 , or 7.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to Gufeng's inventory. As ofSeptember 30, 2022 , Gufeng's inventory was$21,725,531 , compared to$19,463,691 as ofJune 30, 2022 , an increase of$2,261,840 , or 11.6%. The company confirmed the loss of$2 million and$11 million of inventories for the three months ended September
30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Advances to Suppliers We had advances to suppliers of$7,163,495 as ofSeptember 30, 2022 as compared to$20,711,891 as ofJune 30, 2022 , representing a decrease of$13,548,396 , or 65.4%. Our inventory level may fluctuate from time to time, depending how quickly the raw material is consumed and replenished during the production process, and how soon the finished goods are sold. The replenishment of raw material relies on management's estimate of numerous factors, including but not limited to, the raw materials future price, and spot price along with its volatility, as well as the seasonal demand and future price of finished fertilizer products. Such estimate may not be accurate, and the purchase decision of raw materials based on the estimate can cause excessive inventories in times of slow sales and insufficient inventories in peak times. Accounts Payable
We had accounts payable of
Customer Deposits (Unearned Revenue)
We had customer deposits of$6,056,684 as ofSeptember 30, 2022 as compared to$7,994,669 as ofJune 30, 2022 , representing a decrease of$1,937,985 , or 24.2%. The decrease was mainly attributable to Jinong'$1,783,539 unearned revenue as ofSeptember 30, 2022 , compared to$3,539,323 unearned revenue as ofJune 30, 2022 , decreased$1,755,784 , or 49.6%, caused by the advance deposits made by clients. This decrease was due to seasonal fluctuation and we expect to deliver products to our customers during the next three months at which time we will recognize the revenue.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Management's discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance withUnited States generally accepted accounting principles. Our financial statements reflect the selection and application of accounting policies which require management to make significant estimates and judgments. See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements, "Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies." We believe that the following paragraphs reflect the most critical accounting policies that currently affect our financial condition and results of operations: Use of estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted inthe United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Management makes these estimates using the best information available at the time the estimates are made. However, actual results and outcomes may differ from management's estimates and assumptions due to risks and uncertainties, including uncertainty in the current economic environment due to the recent outbreak of COVID-19.
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Revenue recognition
Sales revenue is recognized at the date of shipment to customers when a formal arrangement exists, the price is fixed or determinable, the delivery is completed, we have no other significant obligations and collectability is reasonably assured. Payments received before all the relevant criteria for revenue recognition are satisfied are recorded as unearned revenue.
Our revenue consists of invoiced value of goods, net of a value-added tax (VAT). No product return or sales discount allowance is made as products delivered and accepted by customers are normally not returnable and sales discounts are normally not granted after products are delivered. Cash and cash equivalents For statement of cash flows purposes, we consider all cash on hand and in banks, certificates of deposit and other highly-liquid investments with maturities of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash and cash equivalents. Accounts receivable
Our policy is to maintain reserves for potential credit losses on accounts receivable. Management reviews the composition of accounts receivable and analyzes historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment patterns to evaluate the adequacy of these reserves. Any accounts receivable of Jinong and Gufeng that are outstanding for more than 180 days will be accounted as allowance for bad debts, and any accounts receivable of Yuxing that are outstanding for more than 90 days will be accounted as allowance for bad debts. Deferred assets
Deferred assets represent amounts the Company advanced to the distributors in their marketing and stores development to expand our competitive advantage and market shares. Based on the distributor agreements, the amount owed by the distributors in certain marketing efforts and store development will be expensed over three years if the distributors are actively selling our products. If a distributor defaults, breaches, or terminates the agreement with us earlier than the realization of the contractual terms, the unamortized portion of the amount owed by the distributor is to be refunded to us immediately. The deferred assets had been fully amortized as ofSeptember 30, 2022 . Segment reporting
FASB ASC 280 requires use of the "management approach" model for segment reporting. The management approach model is based on the way a company's management organizes segments within the company for making operating decisions and assessing performance. Reportable segments are based on products and services, geography, legal structure, management structure, or any other way management disaggregates a company. As ofSeptember 30, 2022 , we were organized into three main business units: Jinong (fertilizer production), Gufeng (fertilizer production), and Yuxing (agricultural products production). For financial reporting purpose, our operations were organized into three main business segments based on locations and products: Jinong (fertilizer production), Gufeng (fertilizer production), and Yuxing (agricultural products production). Each of the segments has its own annual budget regarding development, production, and sales. 38
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