Cautionary Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Such statements can be identified by the use of terminology such as "anticipate," "believe," "could," "estimate," "expect," "forecast," "intend," "may," "plan," "possible," "project," "should," "will" and similar words or expressions. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our anticipated revenue, expenses, profits and capital needs. These statements are based on our current expectations, estimates, projections, and the impact of certain accounting pronouncements, and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected or estimated, including, but not limited to the impact of Covid-19, adverse economic conditions, competitive pressures, unexpected costs and losses from operations or investments, increases in costs and overhead, our ability to maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting, potential losses from trading in securities, our ability to retain key personnel and good relationships with suppliers, the willingness of lenders to extend financing commitments and the availability of capital resources, and the other risks set forth in "Risk Factors" in Part II, Item 1A of this report or identified from time to time in our other filings with the SEC and in public announcements. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements that speak only as of the date hereof. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to revise or update publicly any forward-looking statement for any reason, including to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. The inclusion of forward looking statements in this Quarterly Report should not be regarded as a representation by management or any other person that the objectives or plans of the Company will be achieved.

Overview

The condensed consolidated financial statements comprise the accounts of EACO and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Bisco, and Bisco's wholly-owned Canadian subsidiary, Bisco Industries Limited.

EACO is a holding company primarily comprised of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Bisco. Bisco is a distributor of electronic components and fasteners with 50 sales offices and seven distribution centers located throughout the United States and Canada. Bisco supplies parts used in the manufacture of products in a broad range of industries, including the aerospace, circuit board, communication, computer, fabrication, instrumentation, industrial equipment and marine industries.

Revenues derived from Bisco and its subsidiary represent 100% of our total revenues and are expected to continue to represent all of the Company's total revenues for the foreseeable future.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The Company's discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations are based upon its condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.

Within the context of these critical accounting policies, the Company is not currently aware of any reasonably likely events or circumstances that would result in materially different amounts being reported.

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("the FASB") issued Accounting Standards Updated ("ASU") 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, issued as a new Topic, ASC Topic 606 ("ASU 2014-09"). The new revenue recognition standard provides a five-step analysis of transactions to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The premise of the standard is that a Company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company has adopted ASU 2014-09 beginning in fiscal 2019 (effective September 1, 2018) using the modified retrospective approach. The impact of adopting the standard on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures was not material.

We derive our revenue primarily from product sales. We determine revenue recognition through the following steps: (1) identification of the contract with a customer; (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determination of the transaction price; (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation.



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The Company's performance obligations consist solely of product shipped to customers. Revenue from product sales is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for these products. Revenue is recognized net of returns and any taxes collected from customers. We offer industry standard contractual terms in our purchase orders.

Impairment of Long Lived Assets

Management reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. For the purpose of the impairment review, assets are tested on an individual basis. The recoverability of the assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying value of each asset to the future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by such assets. If such assets are considered impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds their estimated fair value.

Inventory

The Company's inventory provisions are based upon management's review of inventories on-hand over their expected future utilization and length of time held by the Company. The Company's methodology for estimating these adjustments to the cost basis is evaluated for factors that could require changes to the cost basis including significant changes in product demand, market conditions, condition of the inventory or net realizable value. If business or economic conditions change, the Company's estimates and assumptions may be adjusted as deemed appropriate.

There have been no changes to the Company's critical accounting policies for the six months ended February 28, 2022.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended February 28, 2022 and 2021

Net Sales and Gross Profit ($ in thousands)



                                            Three Months Ended
                                               February 28,            $          %
                                             2022         2021       Change     Change
Net sales                                 $   66,587    $ 55,751    $ 10,836      19.4 %
Cost of sales                                 48,462      40,727       7,735      19.0 %
Gross profit                              $   18,125    $ 15,024    $  3,101      20.6 %
Gross profit as a percent of net sales          27.2 %      26.9 %                 0.3 %

Net sales consist primarily of sales of component parts and fasteners, but also include, to a lesser extent, kitting charges and special order fees, as well as freight charged to customers.

The increase in revenues in the three months ended February 28, 2022 ("Q2 2022") as compared to the three months ended February 28, 2021 ("Q2 2021") was largely due to higher demand for products and favorable economic conditions in the current period. Further, the prior year period had decreased sales and gross margins, resulting from the global industry-wide slowdown due to the impact from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses ($ in thousands)



                                        Three Months Ended
                                           February 28,                $            %
                                        2022           2021         Change        Change
Selling, general and
administrative expenses              $    13,439    $   12,540    $       899         7.2 %
Percent of net sales                        20.2 %        22.5 %                    (2.3) %

Selling, general and administrative expense ("SG&A") consists primarily of payroll and related expenses for the Company's sales and administrative staff, professional fees including accounting, legal and technology costs and expenses, and sales and marketing costs. SG&A in Q2 2022 increased from Q2 2021 largely due to increased travel expenses related to sales meetings and events and higher professional fees. The increase was partially offset by decreases in employee headcount when comparing Q2 2022 to Q2 2021. SG&A as a percent of revenue in Q2 2022 decreased from Q2 2021 by 2.3%, primarily due to decreases in the employee headcount and an increase in Q2 2022 sales due to the rebounding economy.



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Other (Expense), Net ($ in thousands)



                                           Three Months Ended
                                              February 28,            $          %
                                            2022         2021       Change     Change

Other income (expense): Net (loss) gain on trading securities $ (22) $ (506) $ 484 95.7 % Interest and other (expense), net

              (53)        (60)           7      11.7 %
Other income (expense), net              $     (75)     $ (566)    $    491      86.7 %
Percent of net sales                          (0.1) %     (1.0) %                 0.9 %

Other (expense), net, primarily consists of income or loss on trading in short-term marketable equity securities of publicly-held corporations and interest related to the Company's debt obligations. The Company's investment strategy consists of both long and short positions, as well as utilizing options designed to improve returns. During Q2 2022, the Company recognized a net loss on trading securities of $22,000 as compared to a net loss of $506,000 in Q2 2021. The net trading securities losses in Q2 2022 and Q2 2021 was primarily due to timing of sales and purchases and general market climate for short and long positions during the period.

Interest and other (expense), net, decreased in Q2 2022 compared to Q2 2021, which was primarily due to lower variable rates on our loans and carrying a lower balance on our line of credit during Q2 2022 compared to Q2 2021.

Income Tax Provision ($ in thousands)



                               Three Months Ended
                                  February 28,            $          %
                                2022         2021       Change     Change
Income tax provision         $    1,204     $   524    $    680     129.8 %
Percent of pre-tax income          26.1 %      27.3 %               (1.2) %

The provision for income taxes increased by $680,000 in Q2 2022 over the prior year period. This increase was primarily due to higher income in the current quarter as compared to the prior year period. The income tax provision as a percent of pre-tax income decreased from 27.3% at Q2 2021 to 26.1% at Q2 2022, which was primarily due to the state tax rate mix and permanent book tax differences.

Comparison of the Six Months Ended February 28, 2022 and 2021

Net Sales and Gross Profit ($ in thousands)



                           Six Months Ended
                             February 28,            $          %
                          2022         2021        Change     Change

Net Sales               $ 130,409    $ 109,154    $ 21,255      19.5 %
Cost of sales              94,106       79,678      14,428      18.1 %
Gross profit            $  36,303    $  29,476    $  6,827      23.2 %
Percent of net sales         27.8 %       27.0 %                 0.8 %

The increase in revenues and gross margins as a percent of revenues in the six months ended February 28, 2022 as compared to the six months ended February 28, 2021 was largely due to higher demand for products and favorable economic conditions in the current period. Further, the prior year period had decreased sales and gross margins resulting from the global industry-wide slowdown.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses ($ in thousands)



                                                    Six Months Ended
                                                      February 28,           $           %
                                                    2022        2021       Change      Change

Selling, general and administrative expenses      $ 22,334    $ 25,221    $ (2,887)    (11.4) %
Percent of net sales                                  17.1 %      23.1 %                  6.0 %


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SG&A in the six months ended February 28, 2022 decreased from the same period in the prior year primarilydue to a decrease in payroll taxes as a result of federal tax credits related to the Employee Retention Credit (ERC) of $5.4 million recorded in the first quarter of fiscal year 2022. Q2 2021 also had non-recurring expense incurred related to the relocation of the Company's corporate headquarters to the Hunter Property. The decrease in SG&A was partially offset due to annual raises and higher depreciation expense. SG&A as a percent of revenue in Q2 2022 decreased from Q2 2021 primarily due to the ERC and higher sales growth due to the rebounding economy in the current period.

Other (Expense), Net ($ in thousands)



                                           Six Months Ended
                                             February 28,            $          %
                                           2022        2021       Change      Change

Other income (expense): Net (loss) gain on trading securities $ (78) $ (1,059) $ 981 92.6 % Interest and other (expense), net

           (105)        (129)         24       18.6 %
Other income (expense), net              $  (183)    $ (1,188)    $ 1,005       84.6 %
Percent of net sales                        (0.1) %      (1.1) %               (1.0) %

During the six months ended February 28, 2022, the Company recognized a net loss on trading securities of $78,000 as compared to a net loss of $1,059,000 in the same period in the prior year. The net trading securities losses in Q2 2022 and 2021 was primarily due to timing of sales and purchases and general market climate for short positions during the period.

Interest and other (expense), net, decreased during the six months ended February 28, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year, which was primarily due to carrying a lower balance on our line of credit during the current period.

Income Tax Provision ($ in thousands)



                               Six Months Ended
                                 February 28,           $          %
                                2022        2021     Change      Change

Income tax provision         $    3,593    $  822    $ 2,771      337.1 %
Percent of pre-tax income          26.1 %    26.8 %               (0.7) %

The provision for income taxes increased by $2,771,000 for the six months ended February 28, 2022 when compared to the prior year period. This increase was primarily due to higher income in the current quarter as compared to the prior year period.

The income tax provision as a percent of pre-tax income decreased from 26.8% for the six months ended February 28, 2021 to 26.1% in the current year period, which was primarily due to the state tax rate mix and permanent book tax differences.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of February 28, 2022 and August 31, 2021, the Company held approximately $5,622,000 and $4,455,000 of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, respectively. The Company also held $4,598,000 and $3,741,000 of marketable securities at February 28, 2022 and August 31, 2021, respectively, which could be liquidated, if necessary.

As of February 28, 2022, the Company held a $15,000,000 Line of credit with the Bank. Borrowings are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries. The amounts outstanding under this line of credit as of February 28, 2022 and August 31, 2021 were zero. The line of credit agreement contains certain nonfinancial and financial covenants, including the maintenance of certain financial ratios. As of February 28, 2022 and August 31, 2021, the Company was in compliance with all such covenants. The expiration date of the line of credit under the line of credit agreement was July 5, 2022. The Company is currently in process of negotiating a new line of credit agreement with the Bank expect to have it in place before the fiscal year end. The Company believes it has adequate cash available for its business operations while it negotiates its new line of credit agreement with the Bank.

In September 2019, Bisco entered into the Hunter Lease with the Trust, which is the grantor trust of Glen Ceiley, our Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of the Board and the Company's majority shareholder. Under the Hunter Lease, Bisco leased from the Trust the Hunter Property, which consists of approximately 80,000 square feet of office and warehouse space located at 5065 East Hunter Avenue, Anaheim, California, which serves as the Company's new corporate headquarters. The Hunter Lease has a term that expires on August 31, 2029.



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The Company entered into a new Construction Loan with the Bank to borrow up to $5,000,000 for the primary purpose of financing tenant improvements at the Hunter Property. The Construction Loan was a line of credit evidenced by a Promissory Note in the principal amount of up to $5,000,000 with a maturity date of May 15, 2027. The terms of the Construction Loan provide that the Company may only request advances through July 15, 2020, and thereafter, the Construction Loan would convert to a term loan with a fixed rate of 4.6% and entitled to a .25% rate discount if a demand deposit account is held with the Bank. On July 15, 2020, the amount drawn on the Construction Loan and converted to a term loan was $4,807,000. Interest on the Construction Loan is payable monthly (4.35% at February 28, 2022 and August 31, 2021). Concurrent with the execution of this Construction Loan, Bisco entered into a commercial security agreement, dated July 12, 2019, with the Bank, pursuant to which Bisco granted the Bank a security interest in substantially all of Bisco's personal property to secure Bisco's obligations under the Construction Loan. The outstanding balance of the Construction Loan at February 28, 2022 and August 31, 2021 was $4,643,000 and $4,698,000, respectively.

EACO has also entered into a business loan agreement (and related $100,000 promissory note) with the Bank in order to obtain a $100,000 letter of credit as security for the Company's workers' compensation requirements.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities was $4,355,000 for the six months ended February 28, 2022 as compared with cash provided by operations of $3,540,000 for the six months ended February 28, 2021. Cash provided by operating activities in the current period was primarily due to net income earned in the period and an increase in trade accounts payable. Increases to net income was primarily due to increases in revenues and ERC of $5.4M credited to payroll taxes. This was adversely impacted to some extent by an increase in inventory and trade accounts receivable related to the Company's increased sales volume for the six months ended February 28, 2022 when compared to the prior year period. The prior period cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to the net income in that period and a decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets and a decrease in trade accounts receivables.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities was $1,579,000 for the six months ended February 28, 2022 as compared with cash used in investing activities of $5,758,000 for the six months ended February 28, 2021. Cash used in investing activities in the period was primarily due to purchase of marketable securities and equipment in the period. Cash used in investing activities in the prior year period was primarily due to the purchase of marketable securities and the decrease of liabilities for short sales of trading securities. The increase in cash flow from investing activities in the current period compared to the prior year period was primarily due to less purchases of securities in the current period.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities for the six months ended February 28, 2022 was $1,154,000 as compared with cash used in financing activities of $2,665,000 for the six months ended February 28, 2021. The cash used in financing activities for the current period is primarily due to an increase in bank overdraft in the period, which represents outstanding checks in excess of cash due to the nightly sweep feature of the cash account to the line of credit with the Bank. Cash used in financing activities in the prior year period is primarily due to payments to pay down our revolving line credit facility in the prior year period, but partially offset by an increase in the bank overdraft liability in that period.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has no off-balance sheet arrangements that are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on the Company's financial position, revenues, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures.

Contractual Financial Obligations

In addition to using cash flow generated from operations, the Company finances its operations through borrowings under its line of credit. These financial obligations are recorded in accordance with accounting rules applicable to the underlying transactions, with the result being that amounts owed under debt agreements and capital leases are recorded as liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets while lease obligations recorded as operating leases are disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements and management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2021 as filed with the SEC on July 6, 2022.



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