HENNESSY ADVISORS, INC. Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the securities laws, for which we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "may," "plan," "will," "should," "could," "would," "assume," "believe," "estimate," "predict," "potential," "project," "continue," "seek," and similar expressions, as well as statements in the future tense. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events, based on information currently available to us. Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results and will not necessarily be accurate indications of the times at which, or means by which, such performance or results will be achieved. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, including those described in the section titled "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year endedSeptember 30, 2022 . Unforeseen developments could cause actual performance or results to differ substantially from those expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements. Management does not assume responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of these forward-looking statements. There is no regulation requiring an update of any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this report to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations. Our business activities are affected by many factors, including, without limitation, redemptions by investors in the Hennessy Funds, taxes, general economic and business conditions, interest rate movements, inflation, the personal savings rate, competitive conditions, industry regulation, and fluctuations in the stock market, many of which are beyond the control of our management. Further, the business and regulatory environments in which we operate remain complex, uncertain, and subject to change. We expect that regulatory requirements and developments will cause us to incur additional administrative and compliance costs. Notwithstanding the variability in our economic and regulatory environments, we remain focused on the investment performance of the Hennessy Funds and on providing high-quality customer service to investors. Our business strategy centers on (a) the identification, completion, and integration of future acquisitions and (b) organic growth, through both the retention of the fund assets we currently manage and the generation of inflows into the funds we manage. The success of our business strategy may be influenced by the factors discussed in the section titled "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year endedSeptember 30, 2022 . All statements regarding our business strategy, as well as statements regarding market trends and risks and assumptions about changes in the marketplace, are forward-looking by their nature. 16
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Overview
Our primary business activity is providing investment advisory services to a family of 16 open-end mutual funds and one ETF branded as the Hennessy Funds. We manage 12 of the 17 Hennessy Funds internally. For the remaining five funds, we have delegated the day-to-day portfolio management responsibilities to sub-advisors, subject to our oversight. We oversee the selection and continued employment of each sub-advisor, review each fund's investment performance, and monitor each sub-advisor's adherence to each applicable fund's investment objectives, policies, and restrictions. In addition, we conduct ongoing reviews of the compliance programs of sub-advisors and make onsite visits to sub-advisors, as feasible. Our secondary business activity is providing shareholder services to investors in the Hennessy Funds. We derive our operating revenues from investment advisory fees paid to us by the Hennessy Funds and shareholder service fees paid to us by the Hennessy Mutual Funds. These fees are calculated as a percentage of the average daily net assets of eachHennessy Fund . The percentage amount of the investment advisory fees varies by fund. The percentage amount of the shareholder service fees is consistent across all of the Hennessy Mutual Funds, but shareholder service fees are charged on Investor Class shares only. The dollar amount of the fees we receive fluctuates with changes in the average net asset value of eachHennessy Fund , which is affected by each fund's investment performance, purchases and redemptions of shares, general market conditions, and the success of our marketing, sales, and public relations efforts. On a total return basis, the Dow Jones Industrial Average was up 16.01% for the three months endedDecember 31, 2022 . During the most recent quarter, equity prices rallied as investors started to take comfort in the idea that theFederal Reserve may moderate its hawkish stance toward interest rate hikes. After several 75 basis point rate hikes, it looks increasingly likely that, in the near term, interest rate hikes are more likely to come in 50 basis point increments, reflecting the idea that inflation is starting to moderate. Despite a sharp rally in the fourth quarter, the economy continues to face headwinds with expectations for real GDP growth in 2023 being close to zero. While unemployment now stands at 3.5%, continued weakness in residential and commercial real estate and an unwinding of the wealth effect created by the sharp decline in the value of risk assets portends the potential for weak economic growth in the coming year. With the slowing of the economy has come the prospect of a recession sometime this year and the idea that theFederal Reserve could eventually consider cutting interest rates to bolster a weaker economy. The sharp increase in interest rates in 2022 has made this possible. Long-termU.S. bond yields increased slightly during the three months endedDecember 31, 2022 , as elevated rates of inflation have persisted and unemployment trends continue to argue for theFederal Reserve to remain in tightening mode. The economy continues to create jobs, job vacancies remain at high levels, and average hourly earnings growth continues to show marked strength. With all that in mind, consensus expectations for economic growth call for only modest real growth this year and the idea of a coming recession is taking hold. The Japanese equity market was up 13.28% inU.S. dollar terms over the three months endedDecember 31, 2022 , as measured by the Tokyo Stock Price Index. During the period, Japanese equities traded higher on news of a substantial fiscal package meant to bolster the economy. In addition, the Bank of Japan widened the band within which it has been maintaining 10-year government bond yields. The timing of this decision came as a surprise to the market and equities rallied higher. 17
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In the three months endedDecember 31, 2022 , all 17 Hennessy Funds generated positive returns, as the overall market, and in particular, value stocks, recovered from a tough first nine months of the calendar year. Over the longer term, all Hennessy Funds with at least 10 years of operating history posted positive returns for the ten-year period endedDecember 31, 2022 . In each of the three-year and five-year periods endedDecember 31, 2022 , 14 of the Hennessy Funds posted positive annualized returns, with the exception being negative three-year and five-year total returns for theHennessy Japan Fund and theHennessy Japan Small Cap Fund . As always, we are committed to providing superior service to investors and employing a consistent and disciplined approach to investing based on a buy-and-hold philosophy that rejects the idea of market timing. Our goal is to provide products that investors can have confidence in, knowing their money is invested as promised and with their best interests in mind. Accordingly, we continually seek new and improved ways to support investors in the Hennessy Funds, including by providing market insights, sector highlights, and other resources to help them manage their fund investments with confidence. We operate a robust and leading-edge marketing automation and customer relationship management (CRM) system, with a database of over 100,000 financial advisors in addition to retail investors. We utilize this technology both to help retain assets and drive new purchases into the Hennessy Funds. We employ a comprehensive marketing and sales program consisting of content, digital, social media, and traditional marketing initiatives and proactive meetings. In addition, our consistent annual public relations campaign has resulted in the Hennessy brand name appearing on TV, radio, print, or online media on average once every two to three days. We provide service to nearly 145,000 fund accounts nationwide, including accounts held by investors who employ financial advisors to assist them with investing as well as accounts held by retail investors who invest directly with us. We serve approximately 12,200 financial advisors who utilize the Hennessy Funds on behalf of their clients, including over 150 who purchased one of our Funds for the first time during the most recent quarter. Approximately 17% of such advisors own two or more Hennessy Funds, and approximately 400 advisors hold a position of over$500,000 . While numbers have declined in recent years, we continue to focus significant efforts on financial advisors who own two or more Hennessy Funds or hold a position of over$500,000 in an effort to build and maintain brand loyalty among our top tier of advisors. Total assets under management as ofDecember 31, 2022 , was$3.0 billion , a decrease of$1.1 billion , or 26.1%, compared toDecember 31, 2021 . The decrease in total assets was attributable to market depreciation and net outflows of the Hennessy Funds. 18
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The following table illustrates the quarter-by-quarter changes in our assets
under management since
Fiscal Quarter Ended
December 31, September 30, June 30, March 31, December 31,
2022 2022 2022 2022 2021
(In thousands)
Beginning assets under management $ 2,895,717 $ 3,155,566 $ 3,804,028 $ 4,072,849 $ 4,065,922
Acquisition inflows 43,088 - - - -
Organic inflows 130,721 115,526 183,662 209,842 147,461
Redemptions (314,704 ) (209,600 ) (351,556 ) (346,572 ) (240,160 )
Market appreciation (depreciation) 254,636 (165,775 ) (480,568 ) (132,091 ) 99,626
Ending assets under management
As stated above, the fees we receive for providing investment advisory and shareholder services are based on average assets under management. The following table shows average assets under management for each quarter sinceDecember 31, 2021 : Fiscal Quarter Ended December 31, September 30, June 30, March 31, December 31, 2022 2022 2022 2022 2021 (In thousands) Hennessy Mutual Funds Investor Class$ 1,949,185 $ 2,026,122 $ 2,141,224 $ 2,265,309 $ 2,365,152 Institutional Class 1,090,937 1,185,369 1,297,907 1,564,037 1,734,121 Hennessy Stance ESG Large Cap ETF 4,125 - - - -
Average assets under management
3,439,131
The principal asset on our balance sheet, management contracts, represents the capitalized costs incurred in connection with the purchase of the assets related to the management of investment funds. As ofDecember 31, 2022 , this asset had a net balance of$81.0 million , compared to$80.9 million as ofSeptember 30, 2022 . The increase was due to the purchase of assets related to the management of the Stance ETF. OnOctober 20, 2021 , we completed a public offering of the 2026 Notes in the aggregate principal amount of$40.25 million , which included the full exercise of the underwriters' overallotment option. The 2026 Notes mature onDecember 31, 2026 , and may be redeemed in whole or in part at any time or from time to time at our option on or afterDecember 31, 2023 . The 2026 Notes bear interest at 4.875% per annum, payable on the last day of each calendar quarter and at maturity, beginningDecember 31, 2021 . The 2026 Notes are direct unsecured obligations, rank equally in right of payment with any of our future unsecured unsubordinated indebtedness, senior to any of our future indebtedness that expressly provides that it is subordinate to the 2026 Notes, effectively subordinate to all of our existing and future secured indebtedness, and structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other obligations of any future subsidiaries of ours.
The 2026 Notes are the principal liability on our balance sheet at
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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth items in the statements of income as dollar amounts and as percentages of total revenue:
Three Months
Ended
2022 2021
Percent of Percent of
Amount Total Revenue Amount Total Revenue
(In thousands, except percentages)
Revenue
Investment advisory fees $ 5,654 92.0 % $ 7,938 93.0 %
Shareholder service fees 491 8.0 596 7.0
Total revenue 6,145 100.0 8,534 100.0
Operating expenses
Compensation and benefits 1,858 30.2 2,262 26.5
General and administrative 1,569 25.5 1,400 16.4
Fund distribution and other 95 1.5 155 1.8
Sub-advisory fees 969 15.8 1,877 22.0
Depreciation 49 0.9 53 0.6
Total operating expenses 4,540 73.9 5,747 67.3
Net operating income 1,605 26.1 2,787 32.7
Interest expense 563 9.2 508 6.0
Interest income (467 ) (7.6 ) (2 ) (0.0 )
Income before income tax expense 1,509 24.5 2,281 26.7
Income tax expense 390 6.3 368 4.3
Net income $ 1,119 18.2 % $ 1,913 22.4 %
Revenue - Investment Advisory Fees and Shareholder Service Fees
Total revenue comprises investment advisory fees and shareholder service fees. Comparing the three months endedDecember 31, 2021 , to the three months endedDecember 31, 2022 , total revenue decreased by 28.0%, from$8.5 million to$6.1 million , investment advisory fees decreased by 28.8%, from$7.9 million to$5.7 million , and shareholder service fees decreased by 17.6%, from$0.60 million to$0.50 million . The decrease in investment advisory fees was due mainly to decreased average daily net assets of the Hennessy Funds, and the decrease in shareholder service fees was due to a decrease in the average daily net assets held in Investor Class shares of the Hennessy Mutual Funds. Assets held in Investor Class shares of the Hennessy Mutual Funds are subject to a shareholder service fee, whereas assets held in Institutional Class shares of the Hennessy Mutual Funds are not subject to a shareholder service fee. In each case, the decrease in average daily net assets was attributable about equally to market depreciation and to net outflows. 20
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We collect investment advisory fees from each of the Hennessy Funds at differing annual rates. These annual rates range between 0.40% and 1.25% of average daily net assets. Average daily net assets of the Hennessy Funds for the three months endedDecember 31, 2022 , was$3.0 billion , which represents a decrease of$1.1 billion , or 25.7%, compared to the three months endedDecember 31, 2021 .The Hennessy Fund with the largest average daily net assets for the three months endedDecember 31, 2022 , was theHennessy Focus Fund , with$0.7 billion . We collect an investment advisory fee from theHennessy Focus Fund at an annual rate of 0.90% of average daily net assets. However, we pay a sub-advisory fee at an annual rate of 0.29% to the fund's sub-advisor, which reduces the net operating profit contribution of the fund to our financial operations.The Hennessy Fund with the second largest average daily assets for the three months endedDecember 31, 2022 , was theHennessy Gas Utility Fund , with$0.5 billion . We collect an investment advisory fee from theHennessy Gas Utility Fund at an annual rate of 0.40% of average daily net assets.
Total assets under management as of
The Hennessy Funds with the three largest amounts of net inflows were as follows:
Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
Fund Name Amount
Hennessy Japan Small Cap Fund $ 4 million
Hennessy Cornerstone Growth Fund $ 3 million
Hennessy Total Return Fund $ 1 million The Hennessy Funds with the three largest amounts of net outflows were as follows:
Three Months EndedDecember 31, 2022 Fund Name AmountHennessy Focus Fund $ (109) million Hennessy Gas Utility Fund $ (36) million Hennessy Japan Fund $ (21) million Redemptions as a percentage of assets under management increased from an average of 2.0% per month during the three months endedDecember 31, 2021 , to an average of 3.4% per month during the three months endedDecember 31, 2022 .
Operating Expenses
Comparing the three months endedDecember 31, 2021 , to the three months endedDecember 31, 2022 , total operating expenses decreased by 21.0%, from$5.7 million to$4.5 million . The decrease in operating expenses was due to decreases in all expense categories other than general and administrative expense. As a percentage of total revenue, total operating expenses increased 6.6 percentage points to 73.9%. Although the dollar value decreased, operating expenses increased as a percentage of total revenue because fixed expenses have become a larger portion of total operating expenses. Compensation and Benefits Expense: Comparing the three months endedDecember 31, 2021 , to the three months endedDecember 31, 2022 , compensation and benefits expense decreased by 17.9%, from$2.3 million to$1.9 million . As a percentage of total revenue, compensation and benefits expense increased 3.7 percentage points to 30.2%. The dollar value decrease in compensation and benefits expense was due to a decrease in incentive-based compensation in the current period. 21
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General and Administrative Expense: Comparing the three months ended
Fund Distribution and Other Expense: Fund distribution and other expense consists primarily of third-party fees incurred by us for distribution of the Hennessy Funds and also for the operations of the Hennessy Stance ESG Large Cap ETF. Fund distribution and other expense does not include sub-advisory fees, which are shown separately. The distribution component of fund distribution and other expense consists of fees paid to various financial institutions that offer the Hennessy Funds as potential investments to their clients. When the Hennessy Funds are purchased through one of these financial institutions, the institution typically charges an asset-based fee, which is recorded as a fund distribution expense to the extent paid by us. The Hennessy Mutual Funds, but not the Hennessy Stance ESG Large Cap ETF, may be purchased directly and when purchased directly, we do not incur any such expense. These fees generally increase or decrease in line with the net assets of the Hennessy Funds held through these financial institutions, which are affected by inflows, outflows, and fund performance. In addition, some financial institutions charge a minimum fee if the average daily net assets of aHennessy Fund held by such an institution are less than a threshold amount. In such cases, we pay the minimum fee.
The distribution component of fund distribution and other expenses is affected by many factors, including the following:
• average daily net assets held by financial institutions;
• the split of average daily net assets held by financial institutions in
Institutional Class shares of the Hennessy Mutual Funds versus Investor
Class shares of the Hennessy Mutual Funds; and
• fee minimums at various financial institutions.
The other component of fund distribution and other expense consists of fees
incurred by us for the operations of the Hennessy Stance ESG Large Cap ETF. We
receive a unitary investment advisory fee from the Hennessy Stance ESG Large Cap
ETF and then pay all of its operating expenses (with limited exceptions),
including for fund administration, fund accounting, transfer agency, custody,
licensing, audit, and tax services.
Comparing the three months ended December 31, 2021 , to the three months ended
December 31, 2022 , fund distribution and other expense decreased by 38.7%, from
$0.16 million to $0.1 million . As a percentage of total revenue, fund
distribution and other expense decreased 0.3 percentage points to 1.5%.
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Sub-Advisory Fees Expense: Comparing the three months endedDecember 31, 2021 , to the three months endedDecember 31, 2022 , sub-advisory fees expense decreased by 48.4%, from$1.9 million to$1.0 million . As a percentage of total revenue, sub-advisory expense decreased 6.2 percentage points to 15.8%. The decrease in sub-advisory expense was due to decreased average daily net assets of the sub-advised Hennessy Funds, with an additional decrease as a result of us no longer paying sub-advisory fees with respect to theHennessy Energy Transition Fund and theHennessy Midstream Fund afterJanuary 31, 2022 . Depreciation Expense: Comparing the three months endedDecember 31, 2021 , to the three months endedDecember 31, 2022 , depreciation expense remained flat at$0.05 million . As a percentage of total revenue, depreciation expense increased 0.3 percentage points to 0.9%.
Interest Expense
Comparing the three months endedDecember 31, 2021 , to the three months endedDecember 31, 2022 , interest expense increased by 10.8% from$0.5 million to$0.6 million . The increase in interest expense was due to a full period of interest expense in the current period. The 2026 Notes were issued onOctober 20, 2021 , and therefore incurred a partial period of interest expense in the prior comparable period. Interest Income Interest income consists of interest earned on cash and cash equivalents. Comparing the three months endedDecember 31, 2021 , to the three months endedDecember 31, 2022 , other income increased from$0.002 million to$0.5 million . The increase in other income was due to rising interest rates and an increased cash balance. The proceeds from the 2026 Notes were received onOctober 20, 2021 , and therefore earned a partial period of interest income in the prior comparable period.
Income Tax Expense
Comparing the three months endedDecember 31, 2021 , to the three months endedDecember 31, 2022 , income tax expense increased by 6.0%, from$0.37 million to$0.39 million . The increase in income tax expense was due primarily to the recognition of a portion of the uncertain tax position related to aCalifornia tax refund in the prior comparable period. During the period endedDecember 31, 2021 , management determined that the position is certain as the apportionment method has been audited, the tax refund has been received, and there have been no further inquiries received from the state tax jurisdiction.
Net Income
Comparing the three months endedDecember 31, 2021 , to the three months endedDecember 31, 2022 , net income decreased by 41.5%, from$1.9 million to$1.1 million . The decrease in net income was due to lower net operating income in the current period. 23
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Critical Accounting Policies
Our financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted inthe United States , which require the use of estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. These accounting policies, methods, and estimates are an integral part of the financial statements prepared by management and are based upon management's current judgments. Those judgments are normally based on knowledge and experience with regard to past and current events and assumptions about future events. Certain accounting policies, methods, and estimates are particularly sensitive because of their significance to the financial statements and because future events affecting them may differ markedly from management's current judgment. For a discussion of the accounting policies that we believe are most critical to understanding our results of operations and financial position, see the section titled "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year endedSeptember 30, 2022 .
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We continually review our capital requirements to ensure that we have funding available to support our business model. Management anticipates that cash and other liquid assets on hand as ofDecember 31, 2022 , will be sufficient to meet our capital requirements for one year from the issuance date of this report, as well as our longer-term capital requirements for periods beyond one year from the issuance date of this report. To the extent that liquid resources and cash provided by operations are not adequate to meet long-term capital requirements, management plans to raise additional capital by either, or both, seeking bank financing or accessing the capital markets. There can be no assurance that we will be able to raise additional capital. OnOctober 20, 2021 , we completed a public offering of our 2026 Notes in the aggregate principal amount of$40.25 million , which included the full exercise of the underwriters' overallotment option. The 2026 Notes mature onDecember 31, 2026 , and may be redeemed in whole or in part at any time or from time to time at our option on or afterDecember 31, 2023 . The 2026 Notes bear interest at 4.875% per annum, payable on the last day of each calendar quarter and at maturity, beginningDecember 31, 2021 . The 2026 Notes are direct unsecured obligations, rank equally in right of payment with any of our future unsecured unsubordinated indebtedness, senior to any of our future indebtedness that expressly provides that it is subordinate to the 2026 Notes, effectively subordinate to all of our existing and future secured indebtedness, and structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other obligations of any future subsidiaries of ours. Our total assets under management as ofDecember 31, 2022 , was$3.0 billion , a decrease of$1.1 billion , or 26.1%, compared toDecember 31, 2021 . The primary sources of our revenue, liquidity, and cash flow are our investment advisory fees and shareholder service fees, which are based on and generated by our average assets under management. Our average assets under management for the three months endedDecember 31, 2022 , was$3.0 billion , a decrease of$1.1 billion , or 25.7%, compared to the three months endedDecember 31, 2021 . As ofDecember 31, 2022 , we had cash and cash equivalents of$57.1 million . 24
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The following table summarizes key financial data relating to our liquidity and
use of cash:
For the Three Months
Ended December 31,
2022 2021
(In thousands)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
(381 ) (57 ) Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (1,024 ) 37,564
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
The decrease in cash provided by operating activities of
The increase in cash used in investing activities of$0.3 million was due to the purchase of assets related to the management of the Stance ETF in the current period.
The decrease in cash from financing activities of
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