Chemotherapy activates certain growth factors, which directly activate cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to induce collagen deposits in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, thus increasing tumor resistance and becoming unresponsive to treatment, according to Kim, et al.,
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the abundant cell types in the external fibrous walls of tumors, which is the major source of the extracellular matrix within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Emerging evidence indicates that the dense collagen matrix increases resistance to standard anti-PDAC therapies. Furthermore, activated CAFs stimulate cellular signals that promote tumor growth through angiogenesis (blood vessel formation) and immunosuppression. As a result, various therapeutic targets have been identified to support CAF activation, reduce tumor resistance, and improve patient prognosis. Despite extensive efforts, none of these attempts has received FDA approval for the treatment of PDAC due to limited efficacy. One reason for the frustrating outcome could be due to the genetic variability of the CAF population within the TME, making genetic sequencing and targeting difficult. Therefore, the key is to target genetic variations which are less subject to mutation. Another option is to enforce CAFs to express different cellular signaling pathways, which re-educates the cell instead of targeting eradication, leading to decreasing the influence of the TME in drug uptake, immune evasion, tumor progression and further tumor dispersion.
PDAC resistance to standard chemotherapy remains a significant challenge and consequently results in a poor prognosis for sufferers. Recent attempts to address this effect have focused on the inhibition of CAFs to prevent formation of fibrotic tissue, which contributes to tumor resistance, but with limited results due to genetic variability among patients,' said
PRP is a mixture of two proenzymes, trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen from bovine pancreas, administered by intravenous injection. A synergistic ratio of 1:6 inhibits growth of most tumor cells. Examples include kidney, ovarian, breast, brain, prostate, colorectal, lung, liver, uterine, and skin cancers.
About
The Company's novel proenzyme therapy is based on the science that enzymes stimulate biological reactions in the body, especially enzymes secreted by the pancreas. These pancreatic enzymes could represent the body's primary defense against cancer.
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