In the European Union, if a country's deficit is above 3% of gross domestic product (GDP), it is put under an excessive deficit procedure and must cut it by 0.5% of GDP annually.
The rules were suspended between 2020 and 2023 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine.
Poland's general government deficit was 5.1% of GDP in 2023, according to preliminary data from the statistics office.
"It should... be assumed that the excessive deficit procedure will be opened against Poland, as the European Commission will be obliged to make such a move," the finance ministry was quoted as saying by PAP, adding that a "working dialogue" on the issue was ongoing.
"In the opinion of the Ministry of Finance, the high deficit in Poland is the result of the war in Ukraine and Poland's massive expenditure on modernizing the army, eliminating the effects of the energy crisis and helping refugees from Ukraine," it said.
It added that increased defence spending would be considered a mitigating factor in the excessive deficit procedure.
The latest reform of the European Union's two-decades-old fiscal rules sets a steady pace of deficit and debt reduction from 2025 over four to seven years, with the longer option available if a country undertakes reforms and investments in areas the EU prioritises.
Poland's finance ministry said that, in total, 13 EU countries may face excessive deficit procedures.
(Reporting by Alan Charlish; editing by Christina Fincher)
