Europe's cost-of-living crisis is putting upwards pressure on wage inflation, as companies across the continent face demands from employees to cushion the impact of rising prices.

Rival carmaker Renault last week offered staff over 1,000 eurosin exceptional payments, while retailer Carrefour offered a 2.5% pay hike alongside a 100 euro one-off payment in October and a discount on purchases, unions said.

($1 = 1.0373 euros)

(Reporting by Gilles Guillaume; Editing by Richard Lough)