This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In this MD&A, there are statements concerning the future operating and future financial performance ofMadison Square Garden Sports Corp. and its direct and indirect subsidiaries (collectively, "we," "us," "our," "MSG Sports ," or the "Company") including the impact of COVID-19 on our future operations. Words such as "expects," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "may," "will," "should," "could," "potential," "continue," "intends," "plans," and similar words and terms used in the discussion of future operating and future financial performance identify forward-looking statements. Investors are cautioned that such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, results or events and involve risks and uncertainties and that actual results or developments may differ materially from the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. Factors that may cause such differences to occur include, but are not limited to: •the duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and our ability to effectively manage the impacts, including the availability of The Garden with no or limited fans, league decisions regarding play and other matters, the cancellation of games, the impact of restrictions imposed byNew York State ,New York City , or otherwise, reduced tourism, and general hesitancy among the public to engage in public activities due to COVID-19;
•the level of our revenues, which depends in part on the popularity and competitiveness of our sports teams;
•costs associated with player injuries, waivers or contract terminations of players and other team personnel;
•changes in professional sports teams' compensation, including the impact of signing free agents and trades, subject to league salary caps and the impact of luxury tax;
•general economic conditions, especially in the
•the demand for sponsorship arrangements and for advertising;
•competition, for example, from other teams, and other sports and entertainment options;
•changes in laws, NBA or NHL rules, regulations, guidelines, bulletins, directives, policies and agreements, including the leagues' respective collective bargaining agreements with their players' associations, salary caps, escrow requirements, revenue sharing, NBA luxury tax thresholds and media rights, or other regulations under which we operate;
•any NBA, NHL or other work stoppage in addition to those related to COVID-19 impacts;
•any economic, political or other actions, such as boycotts, protests, work stoppages or campaigns by labor organizations;
•seasonal fluctuations and other variation in our operating results and cash flow from period to period;
•the level of our expenses, including our corporate expenses;
•business, reputational and litigation risk if there is a security incident resulting in loss, disclosure or misappropriation of stored personal information or other breaches of our information security;
•activities or other developments that discourage or may discourage congregation at prominent places of public assembly, including The Garden where the home games of the Knicks and the Rangers are played;
•a default by our subsidiaries under their respective credit facilities;
•the evolution of the esports industry and its potential impact on our esports businesses;
•the acquisition or disposition of assets or businesses and/or the impact of, and our ability to successfully pursue, acquisitions or other strategic transactions;
•our ability to successfully integrate acquisitions or new businesses into our operations;
•the operating and financial performance of our strategic acquisitions and investments, including those we may not control;
•the impact of governmental regulations or laws, including changes in how those regulations and laws are interpreted and the continued benefit of certain tax exemptions (including for The Garden) and the ability for us andMSG Entertainment to maintain necessary permits or licenses;
•the impact of any government plans to redesign
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•business, economic, reputational and other risks associated with, and the outcome of, litigation and other proceedings;
•financial community and rating agency perceptions of our business, operations, financial condition and the industry in which we operate;
•our ownership of professional sports franchises in the NBA and NHL and certain related transfer restrictions on our common stock;
•the tax-free treatment of the MSGS Distribution and the MSGE Distribution;
•the performance byMSG Entertainment and its subsidiaries of its obligations under various agreements with the Company related to the MSGE Distribution and ongoing commercial arrangements; and
•the factors described under "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended
We disclaim any obligation to update or revise the forward-looking statements contained herein, except as otherwise required by applicable federal securities laws. 28 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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All dollar amounts included in the following MD&A are presented in thousands, except as otherwise noted.
Introduction This MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, the Company's unaudited financial statements and accompanying notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year endedJune 30, 2021 , to help provide an understanding of our financial condition, changes in financial condition and results of operations. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to "we," "us," "our," "MSG Sports ," or the "Company" refer collectively toMadison Square Garden Sports Corp. , a holding company, and its direct and indirect subsidiaries through which substantially all of our operations are conducted. OnApril 17, 2020 , the Company distributed all of the outstanding common stock ofMSG Entertainment to its stockholders.MSG Entertainment owns, directly or indirectly, the entertainment business previously owned and operated by the Company through itsMSG Entertainment business segment and the sports booking business previously owned and operated by the Company through itsMSG Sports business segment. In the MSGE Distribution, (a) each holder of the Company's Class A common stock, received one share of MSG Entertainment Class A common stock, par value$0.01 per share, for every share of the Company's Class A common stock held of record as of the close of business,New York City time, on the Record Date, and (b) each holder of the Company's Class B common stock, received one share of MSG Entertainment Class B common stock, par value$0.01 per share, for every share of the Registrant's Class B common stock held of record as of the close of business,New York City time, on the Record Date.
After giving effect to the MSGE Distribution, the Company operates and reports financial information in one segment.
Factors Affecting Results of Operations
Impact of COVID-19 on Our Business
COVID-19 disruptions have materially impacted the Company's operations and operating results, with the Company recognizing materially less revenues, or in some cases no revenues, across a number of areas during fiscal years 2020 and 2021. The Company's operations and operating results were also impacted by temporary declines in attendance in fiscal year 2022, due to ongoing reduced tourism levels as well as an increase in cases during certain months of the fiscal year due to a COVID-19 variant. InMarch 2020 , the NBA and NHL suspended their 2019-20 seasons due to COVID-19. As a result of the suspension of the 2019-20 NBA and NHL seasons and subsequent resumption of play in July andAugust 2020 , respectively, during the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, the Company recognized certain revenues that otherwise would have been recognized during the third and fourth quarters of fiscal year 2020. In addition, the start of the 2020-21 NBA and NHL regular seasons were delayed, and the Knicks and the Rangers played fewer games, with the NBA playing a 72-game regular season schedule and the NHL playing a 56-game regular season schedule. These compare to traditional 82-game regular season schedules for both the NBA and NHL. OnDecember 16, 2020 , andJanuary 14, 2021 , respectively, the Knicks and the Rangers resumed playing their homes games at The Garden as part of their 2020-21 seasons. However, fans were initially prohibited from attending games due to government-mandated assembly restrictions. EffectiveFebruary 23, 2021 ,New York venues with at least a 10,000-person capacity were permitted to operate at 10% capacity, and the Knicks and the Rangers began playing games at The Garden with a limited number of fans in attendance onFebruary 23 and 26, respectively. EffectiveMay 19, 2021 , event venues such as The Garden were permitted to host guests at full capacity, subject to certain restrictions, including, for example, restrictions for unvaccinated guests. As a result, the Knicks played three home playoff games with ticket sales of approximately 15,000-16,500 per game during the fiscal year endedJune 30, 2021 . These disruptions materially impacted the Company's revenues across a number of areas, including, ticket sales; the Company's share of suite licenses; sponsorships; signage and in-venue advertising at The Garden; local media rights fees; and food, beverage and merchandise sales. In connection with the MSGE Distribution, we entered into the Arena License Agreements withMSG Entertainment . The Garden was not available for use betweenApril 17, 2020 (the date of the MSGE Distribution) and the start of the NBA and NHL 2020-21 seasons inDecember 2020 andJanuary 2021 , respectively, due to the government-mandated suspension of events in response to COVID-19, and was available at reduced capacity throughMay 2021 . As a result, the Company was not required to pay license fees toMSG Entertainment under the Arena License Agreements until games resumed at The Garden, and the Company paid substantially reduced fees while attendance was limited. EffectiveJuly 1, 2021 , the Company began paying license fees toMSG Entertainment under the Arena License Agreements in their full contractual amounts. 29 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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During fiscal year 2021, as a result of COVID-19, the Company implemented cost-reduction measures that included workforce reductions and limits on discretionary spending. In addition, as a result of the disruptions caused by COVID-19, certain operating expenses were reduced, including, in addition to the reduced payments toMSG Entertainment under the Arena License Agreements described above, (i) NBA league assessments and day-of-game expenses for Knicks and Rangers games, and (ii) league revenue sharing, net of escrow and team personnel expense. These expense reductions did not fully offset revenue losses. As a result ofNew York City regulations effectiveAugust 17, 2021 , indoor entertainment venues such as The Garden were permitted to host guests at full capacity, subject to certain restrictions, including that all guests 12 years of age and older show proof of at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. Following updatedNew York City regulations, effectiveJanuary 29, 2022 , all guests five years of age and older and all employees were required to provide proof that they have received either two doses of a two-shot COVID-19 vaccination, or one dose of a single-shot vaccine. Children under age five could attend events with a vaccinated adult, but children ages two to four were required to wear a mask while inside venues such as The Garden. EffectiveMarch 7, 2022 ,New York City lifted all COVID-19 vaccination requirements pertaining to guests in attendance at indoor entertainment venues, followed by a lifting of vaccination requirements applicable to professional athletes competing in such venues effectiveMarch 24, 2022 . Also, inApril 2022 ,New York State terminated the last of its mandatory COVID-19 rules for indoor venues. As a result, there are no capacity restrictions or vaccination requirements applicable to fan attendance at games at The Garden as of the date of this filing. The Knicks and the Rangers each completed their full 82-game regular season schedules for the 2021-22 season inApril 2022 and the Rangers are currently competing in the playoffs. Fan attendance during the regular season was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic including the emergence of certain variants and ongoing reduced tourism levels. It is unclear to what extent COVID-19 concerns, including with respect to new variants, could result in renewed governmental and league restrictions on attendance or otherwise impact attendance of games at The Garden. The Company's business is also particularly sensitive to discretionary business and consumer spending. A pandemic such as COVID-19 could impede economic activity in impacted regions or globally over the long-term, causing a global recession and leading to a further decline in discretionary spending on sporting events and other leisure activities, including declines in domestic and international tourism, which could result in long-term effects on the Company's business.
This MD&A is organized as follows:
Results of Operations. This section provides an analysis of our unaudited
results of operations for the three and nine months ended
Liquidity and Capital Resources. This section focuses primarily on (i) the
liquidity and capital resources of the Company, (ii) an analysis of the
Company's cash flows for the nine months ended
Seasonality of Our Business. This section discusses the seasonal performance of our business.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements and Critical Accounting Policies. This section discusses accounting pronouncements that have been adopted by the Company as well as the results of the Company's annual impairment testing of goodwill and identifiable indefinite-lived intangible assets performed during the first quarter of fiscal year 2022. This section should be read together with our critical accounting policies, which are discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year endedJune 30, 2021 under "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements and Critical Accounting Policies - Critical Accounting Policies" and in the notes to the consolidated financial statements of the Company included therein. 30 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Results of Operations
Comparison of the three and nine months ended
The table below sets forth, for the periods presented, certain historical financial information. Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended March 31, Change (a) March 31, Change (a) 2022 2021 $ % 2022 2021 $ % Revenues$ 337,774 $ 183,010 $ 154,764 85 %$ 646,149 $ 268,819 $ 377,330 NM Direct operating expenses 206,273 126,510 79,763 63 % 407,698 182,957 224,741 NM Selling, general and administrative expenses 68,902 46,803 22,099 47 % 172,230 138,708 33,522 24 % Depreciation and amortization 1,206 1,573 (367) (23) % 3,847 4,840 (993) (21) % Operating income (loss) 61,393 8,124 53,269 NM 62,374 (57,686) 120,060 NM Other expense: Interest expense, net (2,418) (2,930) 512 17 % (9,013) (7,406) (1,607) (22) % Miscellaneous expense, net (63) (46) (17) (37) % (190) (236) 46 19 % Income (loss) from operations before income taxes 58,912 5,148 53,764 NM 53,171 (65,328) 118,499 NM Income tax (expense) benefit (34,993) (53) (34,940) NM (30,939) 275 (31,214) NM Net income (loss) 23,919 5,095 18,824 NM 22,232 (65,053) 87,285 NM Less: Net loss attributable to nonredeemable noncontrolling interests (584) (373) (211) (57) % (1,711) (1,479) (232) (16) % Net income (loss) attributable toMadison Square Garden Sports Corp.'s stockholders$ 24,503 $ 5,468 $ 19,035 NM$ 23,943 $ (63,574) $ 87,517 NM _________________
NM - Percentage is not meaningful
(a)Operating results in the prior year period were materially impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Please see "- Factors Affecting Results of Operations - Impact of COVID-19 on Our Business" for more information.
Revenues
Revenues increased$154,764 , or 85%, to$337,774 for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 as compared to the prior year period. Revenues increased$377,330 to$646,149 for the nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 as compared to the prior year period. The net increases were attributable to the following: Three Nine Months Months Increase in pre/regular season ticket-related revenues$ 105,780 $ 210,264 Increase in suite license fee revenues 38,554 73,167 Increase in sponsorship and signage revenues 12,770 32,916
Increase in pre/regular season food, beverage and merchandise sales
9,700 18,527 (Decrease) increase in local media rights fees (9,510) 39,597 (Decrease) increase in revenues from league distributions (3,024) 551 Other net increases 494 2,308$ 154,764 $ 377,330 The increases in pre/regular season ticket-related revenues for the three and nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 were a result of the elimination of government-mandated assembly restrictions at The Garden that were in place during the prior year periods. In the prior year periods, the Knicks and the Rangers played games at The Garden with no fans in attendance untilFebruary 23 and 26, 2021, respectively, and after that, played games with attendance restricted to 10% capacity. 31 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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The increases in suite license fee revenues for the three and nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 were a result of the elimination of government-mandated assembly restrictions at The Garden that were in place during the prior year periods, as discussed above. In the prior year periods, for Knicks and Rangers games played with a limited number of fans in attendance, access to suites was sold by way of individual tickets, thus minimal suite license fee revenue was recognized for the three and nine months endedMarch 31, 2021 . The increases in sponsorship and signage revenues for the three and nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 were a result of the elimination of government-mandated assembly restrictions at The Garden that were in place during the prior year periods, as discussed above. In addition, the increase for the nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 was also due to the delayed start of the 2020-21 NBA and NHL regular seasons in the prior year period. The increases in pre/regular season food, beverage and merchandise sales for the three and nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 were a result of the elimination of government-mandated assembly restrictions at The Garden that were in place during the prior year periods, as discussed above. The decrease in local media rights fees for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 was primarily due to the compressed timing of the NBA and NHL 2020-21 seasons resulting in revenue being recognized over a shorter time frame in the prior fiscal year, partially offset by the impact of the shortened NBA and NHL 2020-21 regular season schedules in the prior year period, as well as contractual rate increases. The increase in local media rights fees for the nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 was primarily due to the delayed start of the 2020-21 NBA and NHL regular seasons and the impact of the shortened NBA and NHL 2020-21 regular season schedules in the prior year period, as well as contractual rate increases. In addition, the increase for the nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 was slightly offset by the recognition of local media rights fees in the prior year period associated with the Rangers' participation in the Stanley Cup Qualifiers. The decrease in revenues from league distributions for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 was primarily due to the compressed timing of the NBA and NHL 2020-2021 seasons resulting in revenue being recognized over a shorter time frame in the prior fiscal year, partially offset by increased NBA and NHL national media rights fees and higher other league distributions in the current year period. The increase in revenues from league distributions for the nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 was primarily due to (i) higher NBA and NHL national media rights fees and other league distributions as a result of the delayed start of the 2020-21 NBA and NHL regular seasons in the prior year period and (ii) increased NBA and NHL national media rights fees and other league distributions in the current year period. In addition, the increase for the nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 was partially offset by the recognition of the remainder of national media rights fees related to the 2019-20 NBA and NHL seasons during the first quarter of fiscal year 2021 that otherwise would have been recognized during the third and fourth quarters of fiscal year 2020. After suspending the 2019-20 seasons inMarch 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the NHL and NBA subsequently restarted their seasons which were completed in September andOctober 2020 , respectively.
Direct operating expenses
Direct operating expenses increased
Three Nine Months Months
Increase in net provisions for league revenue sharing expense (net of escrow and excluding playoffs) and NBA luxury tax
$
58,244
11,121 46,874
Increase in operating lease costs associated with the Knicks and the Rangers playing home games at The Garden
9,084 35,854
Increases in pre/regular season expense associated with food, beverage and merchandise sales
3,790 8,276 Increase in team personnel compensation 525 78,210 Decrease in net provisions for certain team personnel transactions (3,001) (14,684)$ 79,763 $ 224,741 32
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Net provisions for league revenue sharing expense (net of escrow and excluding playoffs) and NBA luxury tax were as follows:
Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended March 31, March 31, 2022 2021 Increase 2022 2021 Increase Net provisions for league revenue sharing expense (net of escrow) and NBA luxury tax$ 26,471 $ (31,773)
The increases in net provisions for league revenue sharing expense (net of escrow) and NBA luxury tax for the three and nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 were primarily due to higher provisions for league revenue sharing expense (net of escrow) of$61,787 and$78,019 , respectively, as a result of higher escrow recoveries and lower revenue sharing expense in the prior year periods, which reflected the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by higher estimated recoveries of NBA luxury tax in the current year periods. In addition, the increase in league revenue sharing expense (net of escrow) for the nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 was partially offset by adjustments to revenue sharing expense for the 2019-20 NBA and NHL seasons in the prior year period. Based on the completion of the 2019-20 NBA and NHL seasons during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 , the Company recognized a portion of revenue sharing expense (net of escrow) related to those seasons during that period that otherwise would have been recognized during the third and fourth quarters of fiscal year 2020. The Knicks were not a luxury tax payer for the 2020-21 season and, therefore, received an equal share of the portion of luxury tax receipts that were distributed to non-tax paying teams. The Knicks' roster as ofMarch 31, 2022 would not result in the team being a luxury tax payer for the 2021-22 season.
The actual amounts for the 2021-22 seasons may vary significantly from the recorded provisions based on actual operating results for each league and all teams within each league for the season and other factors.
The increases in other team operating expenses not discussed elsewhere in this table for the three and nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 were a result of the elimination of government-mandated assembly restrictions at The Garden that were in place during the prior year periods, as discussed above, and the delayed start of the 2020-21 NBA and NHL regular seasons in the prior year periods. Other team operating expenses not discussed elsewhere in this table primarily consists of league assessments and expenses associated with day-to-day operations, including variable day-of-event costs incurred at The Garden, team travel and player insurance. The increases in operating lease costs associated with the Knicks and the Rangers playing home games at The Garden for the three and nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 were primarily a result of the elimination of government-mandated assembly restrictions at The Garden that were in place during the prior year periods, as discussed above. In addition, the increase in operating lease costs associated with the Knicks and the Rangers playing home games at The Garden for the nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 was also due to the delayed start of the 2020-21 NBA and NHL regular seasons in the prior year period. The increases in pre/regular season expense associated with food, beverage and merchandise sales for the three and nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 were a result of the elimination of government-mandated assembly restrictions at The Garden that were in place during the prior year periods, as discussed above. The increase in team personnel compensation for the nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 was primarily due to the net impact of the delayed start and shortened 2020-21 NBA and NHL regular seasons in the prior year period and higher player compensation in the current year period. This increase in team personnel compensation for the nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 was partially offset by the recognition of player compensation expense during the prior year period that otherwise would have been recognized during the third and fourth quarters of fiscal year 2020 as a result of the NBA completing the 2019-20 season inOctober 2020 . 33 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Net provisions (credits) for certain team personnel transactions were as follows: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended March 31, March 31, Increase Increase 2022 2021 (Decrease) 2022 2021 (Decrease) Waivers/contract terminations$ 65 $ 3,305
(1,066) - (1,066) (1,066) 2,583 (3,649) Season-ending player injuries (a) 1,305 - 1,305 2,662 - 2,662 Net provisions for certain team personnel transactions$ 304 $ 3,305
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(a) Net of insurance recovery of
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 increased$22,099 , or 47%, to$68,902 as compared to the prior year period. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 increased$33,522 , or 24%, to$172,230 as compared to the prior year period. For the three and nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 the increases were primarily due to higher (i) employee compensation and related benefits (including separation-related costs), (ii) marketing costs, (iii) commissions related to the Company's sponsorship sales and service representation agreements withMSG Entertainment , and (iv) costs related to the Company'sTSA withMSG Entertainment .
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization for the three months ended
Operating income (loss)
Operating income for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 increased$53,269 to$61,393 as compared to the prior year period. For the nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 , operating income of$62,374 improved$120,060 as compared to the period year period. For the three and nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 the improvements to operating income were primarily due to increases in revenues, partially offset by higher direct operating expenses and, to a lesser extent, higher selling, general and administrative expenses.
Interest expense, net
Net interest expense for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 decreased$512 , or 17%, to$2,418 as compared to the prior year period. Net interest expense for the nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 increased$1,607 , or 22%, to$9,013 as compared to the prior year period. The decrease in net expense for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 was primarily a result of principal repayments made under the Rangers revolving credit facility during the current year period. The increase in net interest expense for the nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 was primarily driven by (i) commitment fees on unused commitments as a result of principal repayments made under the Rangers revolving credit facility during the current year period, (ii) interest expense related to the advances received inMarch 2021 under the 2021 Rangers NHL Advance Agreement, and (iii) acceleration of certain previously incurred financing costs when the Company terminated the 2020 Knicks Holdings Revolving Credit Facility in its entirety duringDecember 2021 . Income taxes See Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements included in "Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements" of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for discussions of the Company's income taxes.
Adjusted operating income (loss)
The Company evaluates performance based on several factors, of which the key financial measure is operating income (loss) excluding (i) deferred rent expense under the Arena License Agreements withMSG Entertainment , (ii) depreciation, amortization and impairments of property and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets, (iii) share-based compensation expense or benefit, (iv) restructuring charges or credits, (v) gains or losses on sales or dispositions of businesses, and (vi) the impact of purchase accounting adjustments related to business acquisitions, which is referred to as adjusted operating income (loss), a non- 34 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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GAAP measure.
Management believes that the exclusion of share-based compensation expense or benefit allows investors to better track the performance of the Company's business without regard to the settlement of an obligation that is not expected to be made in cash. In addition, management believes that given the length of the Arena License Agreements and resulting magnitude of the difference in deferred rent expense and the cash rent payments, the exclusion of deferred rent expense provides investors with a clearer picture of the Company's operating performance. The Company believes adjusted operating income (loss) is an appropriate measure for evaluating the operating performance of the Company. Adjusted operating income (loss) and similar measures with similar titles are common performance measures used by investors and analysts to analyze the Company's performance. The Company uses revenues and adjusted operating income (loss) measures as the most important indicators of its business performance and evaluates management's effectiveness with specific reference to these indicators. Adjusted operating income (loss) should be viewed as a supplement to and not a substitute for operating income (loss), net income (loss), cash flows from operating activities, and other measures of performance and/or liquidity presented in accordance with GAAP. Since adjusted operating income (loss) is not a measure of performance calculated in accordance with GAAP, this measure may not be comparable to similar measures with similar titles used by other companies. The Company has presented the components that reconcile operating income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, to adjusted operating income (loss). The following are the reconciliations of operating income (loss) to adjusted operating income (loss) for the three and nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 as compared to the prior year period: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended March 31, Change March 31, Change 2022 2021 $ % 2022 2021 $ % Operating income (loss)$ 61,393 $ 8,124 $ 53,269 NM$ 62,374 $ (57,686) $ 120,060 NM Deferred rent 11,882 16,478 23,590 18,280 Depreciation and amortization 1,206 1,573 3,847 4,840 Share-based compensation 6,973 3,867 19,178 26,193 Restructuring charges - - - 1,644 Adjusted operating income (loss)$ 81,454 $ 30,042 $ 51,412 NM$ 108,989 $ (6,729) $ 115,718 NM For the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 , adjusted operating income increased$51,412 to$81,454 as compared to the prior year period. For the nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 , adjusted operating income of$108,989 improved$115,718 as compared to the prior year period. For the three and nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 the improvements were primarily due to increases in revenues partially offset by higher direct operating expenses and, to a lesser extent, higher selling, general and administrative expenses.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Our operations and operating results have been materially impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and government and league actions taken in response. For more information about the impacts and risks to the Company as a result of COVID-19, see "- Factors Affecting Results of Operations - Impact of COVID-19 on Our Business" and "Item 1A. Risk Factors - Sports Business Risks - Our Operations and Operating Results Have Been, and May Continue to be, Materially Impacted by the COVID-19 Pandemic and Government andLeague Actions Taken in Response" in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year endedJune 30, 2021 . In addition, see also Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included in "Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements" of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information. Our primary sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents and available borrowing capacity under our credit facilities as well as cash flow from our operations. OnDecember 14, 2021 , the Company amended and extended the 2020 Knicks Credit Agreement and the 2020 Rangers Credit Agreement. In addition, inMarch 2021 , the NHL advanced the Company$30,000 , which the league made available to each team following the completion of the NHL's approximately$1,000,000 private placement inJanuary 2021 , pursuant to the 2021 Rangers NHL Advance Agreement. See Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements included in "Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements" of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of the 2021 Knicks Credit Agreement, 2021 Rangers Credit Agreement, and 2021 Rangers NHL Advance Agreement.
Our principal uses of cash include the operation of our businesses, working capital-related items, the repayment of outstanding debt, and potential repurchases of shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock.
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As ofMarch 31, 2022 , we had approximately$49,200 in Cash and cash equivalents. In addition, as ofMarch 31, 2022 , the Company's deferred revenue obligations were approximately$79,753 , net of billed, but not yet collected deferred revenue. The current portion of this balance is primarily comprised of obligations in connection with tickets. In addition, the Company's deferred revenue obligations included$30,000 from the NBA, which the league provided to each team following the completion of the NBA's$900,000 private placement inDecember 2020 . We regularly monitor and assess our ability to meet our net funding and investing requirements. The decisions of the Company as to the use of its available liquidity will be based upon the ongoing review of the funding needs of the business, management's view of a favorable allocation of cash resources, and the timing of cash flow generation. To the extent the Company desires to access alternative sources of funding through the capital and credit markets, restrictions imposed by the NBA and NHL and challengingU.S. and global economic and market conditions could adversely impact its ability to do so at that time. We believe we have sufficient liquidity, including approximately$49,200 in Cash and cash equivalents as ofMarch 31, 2022 , along with$240,000 of additional available borrowing capacity under existing credit facilities, to fund our operations and satisfy any obligations, including with respect to the return or application of deferred revenue for the foreseeable future. In addition, onApril 27, 2022 , the Company made an additional principal repayment of$15,000 under the 2021 Rangers Revolving Credit Facility using cash on hand.
Financing Agreements and Stock Repurchases
See Note 11 and Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements included in "Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements" of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for discussions of the Company's debt obligations and various financing agreements, and the Company's stock repurchases, respectively.
Contractual Obligations
See Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements included in "Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements" of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for discussions of the Company's contractual obligations related to future lease payments. The Company did not have any material changes in its contractual obligations, including off-balance sheet commitments, since the end of fiscal year 2021 other than the lease commitments discussed in Note 7 and activities in the ordinary course of business. Cash Flow Discussion
The following table summarizes the Company's cash flow activities for the nine
months ended
Nine Months EndedMarch 31, 2022 2021 Net income (loss) $
22,232
55,511 31,389 Subtotal 77,743 (33,664) Changes in working capital assets and liabilities (13,510) (20,703) Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 64,233 (54,367) Net cash used in investing activities (1,136) (437) Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (84,978) 42,155
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 was$64,233 as compared to net cash used in operating activities in the prior year period of$54,367 . This was primarily due to the increase in net income in the current year period, adjusted for non-cash items and, to a lesser extent, changes in working capital assets and liabilities driven by the COVID-19 pandemic in the prior year period.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 increased by$699 to$1,136 as compared to the prior year period primarily due to higher capital expenditures and other investing activities in the current year period as compared to prior year period. 36 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months endedMarch 31, 2022 was$84,978 as compared to net cash provided by financing activities in the prior year period of$42,155 . This was due to (i) partial principal repayments on the 2021 Rangers Credit Agreement in the current year period, (ii) proceeds from the 2021 Rangers NHL Advance Agreement in the prior year period as compared to none in the current year period, and (iii) additional borrowings in the prior year period under the amended and extended 2021 Knicks Credit Agreement and 2021 Rangers Credit Agreement (prior to the amendment and restatement thereof) as compared to no borrowings in the current year period.
Seasonality of Our Business
The Company's dependence on revenues from its NBA and NHL sports teams generally means that it earns a disproportionate share of its revenues in the second and third quarters of the Company's fiscal year. OnMarch 11 and 12, 2020, respectively, the NBA and NHL suspended their 2019-20 seasons due to COVID-19. In July andAugust 2020 , the NBA and NHL, respectively, resumed their seasons and the NHL and NBA subsequently completed their seasons in September andOctober 2020 , respectively. As a result, during the first quarter of fiscal year 2021 the Company recognized certain revenues that otherwise would have typically been recognized during the third and fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements and Critical Accounting Policies
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in "Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements" of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements.
Critical Accounting Policies
The following discussion has been included to provide the results of our annual impairment testing of goodwill and identifiable indefinite-lived intangible assets performed during the first quarter of fiscal year 2022. There have been no material changes to the Company's critical accounting policies from those set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year endedJune 30, 2021 .
The carrying amount of goodwill as ofMarch 31, 2022 is$226,955 .Goodwill is tested annually for impairment as ofAugust 31st and at any time upon the occurrence of certain events or changes in circumstances. The Company performs its goodwill impairment test at the reporting unit level, which is the same as or one level below the operating segment level. The Company has one operating and reportable segment, and one reporting unit for goodwill impairment testing purposes. The Company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine if an impairment is more likely than not to have occurred. If the Company can support the conclusion that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company would not need to perform a quantitative impairment test for that reporting unit. If the Company cannot support such a conclusion or the Company does not elect to perform the qualitative assessment, the first step of the goodwill impairment test is used to identify potential impairment by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. The estimates of the fair value of the Company's reporting units are primarily determined using discounted cash flows and comparable market transactions. These valuations are based on estimates and assumptions including projected future cash flows, discount rates, determination of appropriate market comparables and the determination of whether a premium or discount should be applied to comparables. Significant judgments inherent in a discounted cash flow analysis include the selection of the appropriate discount rate, the estimate of the amount and timing of projected future cash flows and identification of appropriate continuing growth rate assumptions. The discount rates used in the analysis are intended to reflect the risk inherent in the projected future cash flows. The amount of an impairment loss is measured as the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value determined in step one, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill.
The Company elected to perform the qualitative assessment of impairment for the Company's reporting unit for the fiscal year 2022 impairment test. These assessments considered factors such as:
•macroeconomic conditions;
•industry and market considerations;
•market capitalization;
•cost factors;
•overall financial performance of the reporting unit;
•other relevant company-specific factors such as changes in management, strategy or customers; and
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•relevant reporting unit specific events such as changes in the carrying amount of net assets.
The Company performed its most recent annual impairment test of goodwill during the first quarter of fiscal year 2022, and there was no impairment of goodwill. Based on this impairment test, the Company concluded it was not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit was less than its carrying amount.
Identifiable Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Identifiable indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested annually for impairment as ofAugust 31st and at any time upon the occurrence of certain events or substantive changes in circumstances. The following table sets forth the amount of identifiable indefinite-lived intangible assets reported in the Company's consolidated balance sheet as ofMarch 31, 2022 : Sports franchises$ 111,064 Photographic related rights 1,080$ 112,144 The Company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine if an impairment is more likely than not to have occurred. In the qualitative assessment, the Company must evaluate the totality of qualitative factors, including any recent fair value measurements, that impact whether an indefinite-lived intangible asset other than goodwill has a carrying amount that more likely than not exceeds its fair value. The Company must proceed to conducting a quantitative analysis, if the Company (i) determines that such an impairment is more likely than not to exist, or (ii) forgoes the qualitative assessment entirely. Under the quantitative assessment, the impairment test for identifiable indefinite-lived intangible assets consists of a comparison of the estimated fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying value. If the carrying value of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. For all periods presented, the Company elected to perform a qualitative assessment of impairment for the indefinite-lived intangible assets. These assessments considered the events and circumstances that could affect the significant inputs used to determine the fair value of the intangible asset. Examples of such events and circumstances include: •cost factors; •financial performance;
•legal, regulatory, contractual, business or other factors;
•other relevant company-specific factors such as changes in management, strategy or customers;
•industry and market considerations; and
•macroeconomic conditions.
The Company performed its most recent annual impairment test of identifiable indefinite-lived intangible assets during the first quarter of fiscal year 2022, and there were no impairments identified. Based on this impairment test, the Company concluded it was not more likely than not that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets was less than their carrying amount. 38 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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