Sanlam : You Know Your Breasts Best

Firstly, it's important to note that the biggest percentage of breast cancers are not genetically associated. Genetic counselling works best when you can look at a family's full picture. The tests will reveal if a person is a positive carrier of a harmful variant in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, which indicates an increased risk of developing certain cancers.

You should only consider genetic counselling after a discussion with a professional - your GP or surgeon, or a genetic counsellor. There are pros and cons to consider before embarking on this test. There are also indications and recommendation guidelines to determine who and when to test, for example, someone with a strong family history of breast, ovarian or pancreas cancer. Your age will also be considered.

Usually, your mother/an affected relative is tested first. If she is positive for the BRCA gene - depending on her age when she got the diagnosis, the type of cancer she had, your family history, and your age - you can make an informed decision about whether to take the test as well. Profiling you and your mother/family member gives a more holistic and accurate assessment of your risk.

In South Africa, medical aid schemes have specific criteria that need to be ticked before they'll consider paying toward genetic counselling. Before undertaking the tests, you also need to consider what you'll do once you know. It could be a good idea to speak to a genetic counsellor before you do so.